A Wounded Warrior Project

Tiffany HoffmanFall 2012

Mainspring RehabilitationMainspring Rehabilitation

INTRODUCTION

Throughout America and the rest of the world, there are only a few rehabilitation centers designed to help ease soldiers back into civilian life after their experiences in Afghanistan. This project is an exploration of the unique issues that need to be addressed in the rehabilitation of Wounded Warriors. The therapy necessary for these soldiers include a holistic approach to healing including the mind, body, and spirit. Because each patient has a unique issue and a different way with coping with their experiences, it is necessary that they get a well-developed and well-catered rehabilitation experience to make the transition as painless as possible. It is the mission of this project to create a place they can come to heal and move forward with their life no matter how different it may be. Thank you for being interested in the Mainspring Rehabilitation Center for Wounded Warriors.

CONTENTS

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

FACILITY VISITS

SITE ANALYSIS

PROGRAMMING

DESIGN CONCEPT

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

REFERENCES

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PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Roosevelt Warm Springs InstituteWarm Springs, Georgia

Blanchard Hall Rehabilitation Center

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Overview

Gross square footage: 33,500 sq. ft.

Completion Date: September 2008

Architecture Firm: Stanley Beaman & Sears

The Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation provides both Medical and Vocational Rehabilitation. These include a variety of areas of focus.

Blanchard Hall is an Outpatient facility. Some of these programs include:

• Therapy• Diabetic Foot Center• Seating and Wheeled Mobility Clinic• Rehabilitation Technology

• Aquatic Therapy

History

• Warm Springs Foundation was incorporated in 1927

• The Foundation was started by Franklin Roosevelt to treat polio victims.

• The complex consisted of hospitals, dormitories, dining halls, and recreational facilities.

• By 1974, it turned into a medical rehabilitation facility that specializes in brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, orthopedic and general rehabilitation services.

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Concept

• The design of the building is sensitive to that of the institute’s early-20th-century brick-and-column buildings. This is done by maintaining the portico and colonnade and a two-story entry space similar to the great halls of the older campus buildings.

• A creative decision was made by the use of industrial-modern materials to show the technological advancements of modern rehabilitative medicine.

• The design also aimed to create an uplifting environment for outpatients through the navigation of the building and enjoy the landscape and creek of the site.

Site & Orientation

• Blanchard Hall is set into a deep slope and deals with a creek which separates the building from its parking area.

• The parking area is connected to the structure with a

wheelchair-accessible bridge spanning the stream.

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Interior Elements

• The gym and lobby span both levels to give the entry a grand feel like the other buildings on the Warm Springs Campus.

• The glass walls maximize the tree-lined views of the creek and allow natural light throughout the space.

• In many areas, the luminaires are reflected in the flooring.

• Warm tones and wood panneling are used to give the space feel more inviting and relaxed.

First Floorplan

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Second Floorplan

Materiality

• Red brick and stucco used is similar to that of the existing buildings of the classical revival period.

• The steel rods and a tensile mesh fabric canopies represent prosthetic materials that are utilized in the fabrication process.

• The large roof overhang combines with the hillside creating a sense of protection while the

glass walls convey an open welcome.

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Analysis• Take site into consideration when designing.

How can it help enhance design?

• Think about context of surrounding buildings or future buildings when selecting materiality.

• Consider ways to encorporate natural light, views, and color scheme to enhance wanted effect, (feelings of calmness and ease)

• Think of how to maximize accessability with relationship to adjacent locations. Keep in mind many people may not be able to move far distances easily.

• When developing design concepts, make sure they can help inform your design from materiality and circulation to interior design decisions.

FACILITY VISITS

Fort Riley Rehabilitation Center

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The Fort Riley Rehabilitation Center focused more on Traumatic Brain Injury patients. The biggest thing this facility seemed to be lacking was space. There wasn’t much of anything about the design that could be construed as calming.

Kansas Rehabilitation Center

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The Kansas Rehabilitation Center in Topeka had a lot more space and had a larger variety of patients. Patients were treated for anything from motor skill adjustments to TBI.

SITE ANALYSIS

Location

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The rehabilitation center will be located in Milford, Kansas. This site will serve as a convenient location for recovering soldiers with Fort Riley to the right of it and Milford lake and the fishery just down the street. The site was chosen for its proximity to the Milford lakefront and hatchery, somewhat sloped site, and the quiet, private residences found in the immediate vacinity.

History and Culture of the Area

There are three close towns surrounding the site and they each have their own history and offer something different. These three towns are:

- Milford - Junction City - Fort Riley

Junction City

Junction City was located on the Kansas Pacific Railroad line and was a secondary shipping point for the cattle trade. The city was founded long before the cattle trade was booming in Kansas. The first settlers arrived in the area in 1854 and was formally incorporated in 1859. In 1923, John R. Brinkley established Radio Station KFKB, which stood for ‘’Kansas First, Kansas Best’’, using a 1 kW transmitter. It is one of the first, if not the very first, radio stations in Kansas.

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Fort Riley

The site of Fort Riley was chosen by surveyors in the fall of 1852 and was first called Camp Center because of its proximity to the geographical center of the United States.Its initial purpose was to protect the pioneers and traders who occupied Oregon-California and Santa Fe Trails.Today, the military reservation now covers more than 100,000 acres and has a daytime population of nearly 25,000.

Milford

The original town of Milford was the oldest community on the Republican River. It was established in the spring of 1855, During the next two years more settlers and families settled. In 1961, the citizens decided to relocate the community to accommodate the scheduled construction of Milford Dam. In 1965, the original town site of Milford was bulldozed and now lies under the waters of Milford Lake.

Cultural Demographics

Based on the cultural demographics, much knowlege can be obtained about this area which can help better understand the surrounding areas around the selected site. The following information was collected about Junction City, Fort Riley, and Milford.

*The following diagrams are a representation of the population density in each area. The square is equal to one square acre of land and each dot is representitive of 20 people living within a square mile.

Junction City

• As of the census of 2010, there were 23,353 people residing in Junction City containing 9,134 households, and 6,109 families.

• The population density was 1,922 people per square mile with 10,480 housing units with a density of 863 per square mile.

• There were 9,134 households. • The median age in the city was 28.8 years old.

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Fort Riley

• Out of the 5.1 square miles that makes up Fort Riley, only 0.2% of it is water.

• According to the 2000 census data, the population of Fort Riley was 8,114 with a density of 1,586.7 people per square mile.

• Out of the 1,305 households, 84.5% of them have childeren under the age of 18 living with them.

Milford

• According to the 2000 census data, 1’583 people lived in the township of Milford with a density of 40.8 people per square mile.

• Out of 49.47 square miles, 10.63 square miles (20.49%) consist of water.

• In addition to Milford lake, 4 creeks run the the township of Milford.

Panoramic Views

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Site Considerations

A variety of plants and colors can be found on this site ranging from reds and yellows to blues. This variety of vegitation also incorporates many different textural qualities.

Because of the lack of larger foliage cover, shelter from the sun and wind are minimal.

The street access to the site is Hwy 57. There isn’t too much traffic, but provisions need to be made for noise and privacy. While visiting the site, a few army grade aircrafts flew by. They werent loud, but they were noticeable.

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The site selected is surrounded by mostly residential areas. There is a cluster of houses across the street and up a little ways towards Hwy 77 as well as some other homes in the distance. Right at the junction of Hwy 77 and 57 is a small business facility. No noise or activity interrupts the experience of the site.

The Milford lake and this view is just down the road from the site. Across the dam is the Milford lake fishery and hatchery. This allows for easy access to off-site water sports and activities.

Climate and Seasonal Changes

The temperature chart shows that the overheated season is between June and September. This is when it is important to shade the building from sunlight and utilize wind as a passive cooling system. During the underheated months between December and March, it is important to utilize the warmth of the northern-facing light.

The degree days chart shows when the demand for energy to heat or cool a building is high and low. From December the February, the energy demand for heat is at it’s highest and around July and August is the highest energy demand for cooling.

The precipitation chart shows that this region recieves a higher amount of rianfall during the overheated months and a lower amount during the underheated months.

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The sun chart shows the average amount of daylight per day throughout the year. It shows that the days are about 6 hours longer at the end of June and early July than they are in November through most of January.

Proper shading is important to this design due to the lack of significant cover. It will be especially important eastern and western directions since these are the strongest sides for solar gain.

Diagramming

Vegitation and Topography Circulation/Traffic and Potential Building Area

Surrounding Residential/Business

Wind Direction and Noise Views from Site

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PROGRAMMING

Department Space Function Size ProxemicsExterior Parking Employees & visitors large Close to pedestrian entrance

Pedestrian Entrance Indication of entrance, welcome patients and employees

50 sq. ft. Reception, parking, waiting

Outdoor texture path Help patients with textured walking paths 1000 sq. ft (outdoor) Easily accessible from therapy areas

Sports Therapy (extreme obstical course, bball court, climbing wall)

Hands on practice for mind/body control 2 acres (outdoor)

Community Garden (Therapy)

Mental reflection/calmness 200 sq. ft. (outdoor) Close to building exterior, can be seen from many angles

Reception Entry To welcome and invite guests, transition space

50 sq. ft. Reception, waiting, pedestrian entrance

Receptionist Greet and check in guests 120 sq. ft. min. Lobby, waiting area, entrance, case files, storage

Admissions Appointment set up, insurrance, billing 120 sq. ft. min. Entrance, receptionist

Waiting Seating for entering patients and caregivers 250 sq. ft. min. Reception, entrance, therapy spaces

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Equipment/ Furniture Thermal Acoustics LightingHandicap spaces,signage N/A Use of foliage to help 

absorb road noiseHigh

Large vestibule, signage, ambulance drive‐up area, automatic door

Protected from precipitation, 2 door vestibule to minimize weather infiltration

Sound from entry area blocked from therapy spaces

Artificial and security lighting

Activities for both fine and gross motor skills

Accent lights for nighttime display

outdoor ropes course Accent lights for nighttime display

Planters at multiple heights, gardening tools, watering cans, shop sink, storage

Areas in full sun, part sun, and shade for a variety of plant life

Daylighting

Light weight and automatic doors, slip resistant floor mat, handicap push button

2 doors to minimize weather infiltration

Sound from entry area blocked from therapy spaces

Daylighting and artificial lights

Printer, scanner, fax machine, copier, computer, transaction counter and work surface, task chair,  storage 

Absorbant materials to decrease noise 

Task lighting above work surface

Printer, scanner, fax machine, computer, desk, task chair, guest chairs, storage cabinet and lateral files

Batting to increase privacy

Artificial ambient light

Seating for 8‐10 people, entertainment for patients and family

Protected from drafts from main entrance

Somewhat quiet Daylighting with minimal task lighting

Ammenities Café serving and seating Snack bar and beverage center 300 sq. ft. (Seating for 16‐20)

Access to exterior, reception area

Patio/ Community Event area

Outdoor area and event space to connect and communicate with each other and nature

700 sq. ft. café, waiting area, garden

Research Library Books, computers, open to community for more knowledge and understanding

200 sq. ft. therapy spaces, community spaces

Chilren's Center Safe environment for patient's children 1000 sq. ft. Waiting area, rec center, bathrooms

Rec center Used for community activities (planned events)

1000 sq. ft. Close to café, public gym, reception

Public Work‐out facility Used for community to utilize as post therapy and community use

1000 sq. ft. Close to the community areas

Exhibit Space A place for reflection, communication, understanding, and coping‐healing

500 sq. ft. Community spaces, café

Bathrooms Men/women, handicapable, easy access 5 Men's and 5 Women's stalls

Close to waiting and community area 

Offices Orthopedic Help with physical restrictions in amputee patients

120 sq. ft. min. close to offices

Psychiatrist (2) Room and office for open communication with patient

120 sq ft. min. close to offices

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Counter, various displays, beverage center, plates, silverware, cups, napkins, trash can, cash register, tables, chairs

Ambient, tasking, display, natural

tables and seating for 40‐50 people Minimize wind and sun exposure

Natural lighting and artificial lighting for night time activities

6‐8 bookshelves, 2 computers, chairs and couches, 1‐2 desks

Cool temperatures to preserve books

semi‐private for concentration

natural and artificial lighting

tables, chairs, toys, games, caretaker workstation

Batted to decrease noise level of children

Natural and artificial ambient light

mirrors, bars, aerobics equipment, storage area

Controlled by appointments at reception

semi‐important accoustics

Ambient and natural daylighting

Work out machines (ellipticals, rowing machines, weights, etc.)

Cool temperatures to prevent overheating of patrons

semi‐important accoustics

High artificial lighting with exterior views

Display space/cases, seating, signage, media screen, media equipment

Block noise from other building functions

Display lighting/spots, ambient dimmers

5 accessible stall and 3 sinks (minimum), mirors, soap, hand dryer

Self‐concious of material selection (hard surfaces) for noise control

Ambient and mirror lights

desk, chars, computer, fax machine

desk, chairs, cabinet, computer

Conference Room Group meetings, teleconference room 300 sq. ft. min. Close to eating and outdoor area

Case Manager (2) Communicate with patient and coordinate schedule

150 sq. ft.  By counseling, offices, and administration

PT workstations (4) Open space for staff to complete paperwork and collaborate

50 sq. ft. Located within PT area

OT office work space for Occupational therapists 120 sq. ft. attached to the OT and TBI rooms

Billing/Storage/Charts Locked room safe keeping 120 sq. ft. By administration offices

Occupational Therapy  Space for TBI and motor skills patients 120 sq. ft. Close to exterior and PT rooms

Art Therapy Open room, kiln room, storage 700 sq. ft. garden therapy

Aquadic Therapist Multiple pools and hight differences. Individual and group therapies

2000 sq. ft. by locker rooms and public gym area

Locker Rooms  One for each sex by pool and work out areas

Sports therapist Indoor sports, use of gym 120 sq. ft. close to public gym to monitor

Treatment Exam (4) PT exam space for evaluation 80 sq. ft. min. within PT area and close to PT offices

Private exam room (2) Used for privacy 80 sq. ft. min. withing PT area and close to PT offices

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Multipurpose table, stackable chairs, global communication system, projector screen, audio visual

Speaker system for presentations

Ambient and task lighting

desk, guest chairs, task chair, computer, telephone

privacey necessary abmient and task lighting

desk, guwst chairs, task chair, special equpment

ambient lighting

sdesk, computer, guest chair, task chair, filing storage

comfortable for sensitive patients

some privacy needed with a lockable room.  Acoustics important

ambient and task lighting (dimmable)

file cabinets stable for preservation of patient doccuments

high security, lockable occasional ambient lighting

hand‐eye coordination games, tables, chairs, storage

comfortable for sensitive patients

Low lit areas for sensitive patients

kiln, tables, storage units, art supplies calm environment

storage unit for pool supplies, flile cabinets desk, office chair

able to keep warm in the winters, able to hold even water temperatures

good accoustics too keep out pool and locker room noises

ambient and task lighting

handicap accesible bathrooms, showers, lockers, sinks

even temperatures able to keep noise travel to a minimum

ambient lighting

desk, chairs, cabinets close to pool conditions able to keep noise travel to a minimum

ambient and task lighting

exam table, cabinet, sink, doctor stool, guest chair, curtain

even temperatures acoustic privacy necessary

ambient and task lighting

exam table, cabinet, sink, doctor stool, guest chair, door

even temperatures acoustic privacy necessary

ambient and task lighting

PT area For patient physical healing 2000 sq. ft. somewhat secluded, close to bathrooms, easy to get to

OT area For patient physical/mental healing 700 sq. ft. Close to PT area

Apartment mock‐up To help with every day tasks 350 sq. ft. within OT area

Grocery area To help with shopping tasks Withing OT areaRec Center Community sports 1000 sq. ft.  Close to the community 

areasCounseling (2) Used for private meetings with patients 

and families150 sq. ft. By the case managers and 

psychology officesTBI Room A retreat for TBI patients, can be locked 200 sq. ft. Attached to Occupational 

TherapyStorage Cleaning Storage Accessible, but lockable space 80 sq. ft. close to bathrooms

Maintainence Janitorial services storage 150 sq. ft. close to pool area

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open area with necessary equipment and therapy units

even temperatures ambient and task lighting

insividual and group therapy sections even temperatures ambient and task lighting

kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, living room

even temperatures

grocery cart, shelving systemsstorage containers for activity equipment. Open area

reduce noise ambient lighting

couch, chairs, table.  comfortable temperatures

acoustic privacy necessary

dim lighting

table, chairs, not cluttered comfortable temperatures

acoustic privacy necessary

ambient and task lighting

storage cabinetsstorage cabinets, pool maintenance equipment

Goal Mapping

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Program

Waiting Area

Reception

Admissions

Entry

Bathrooms

24 hr call

Cafe

Research Library

Exhibit Space

Children’s Center

Rec Center/Multipurpose Room

Public Workout

Sports Therapy Offi ce

Patio/Outdoor Community Space

Cleaning Storage

Pool Room

Locker Rooms (2)

Aquadic Therapy Offi ce

Storage Room

Private PT Room

Private PT Room

Private PT Room

PT Gym

PT Offi ce

PT Offi ce

Landry Storage

OT Offi ce

House ModelGrocery Store Model

OT Space

TBI

Green House

Garden Therapy Offi ce Storage

Art Room

Art Therapy Offi ce

Kiln Room

Storage

Storage

Conference Room

OrthopedicOffi ce

Break Room

Executive Offi ce

Counceling Offi ce

Counceling Offi ce

Psychology Offi ce

Psychology Offi ce

Exec.Waiting

Nurse Secratary

Case Manager

Case Manager

Chart Storage

Consultation Room

Consultation Room

Consultation Room

DESIGN CONCEPT

With the current situation in the Middle East and the high demand for soldiers, many of them return home wounded and broken with nowhere to go. It is the mission of the Wounded Warriors foundation to create a retreat for these injured soldiers to go. It is the ambition of these facilities to provide a warm welcoming place for them to heal physically, mentally, and emotionally. The facilities mission is to help these soldiers come full circle to be able to help other wounded soldiers as they enter the rehabilitation process.To this rehabilitation center, full circle incorporates a sense of community into the lives of soldiers no matter where they are in the healing process. At this center, it is a goal to promote healing of the mind, body, and spirit for a better well-rounded, holistic experience. This will create a deeper, longer lasting effect on the soldiers helping them to develop a life style that will carry them through the rest of their life.One of the many ways of approaching these ideas is by the integration of biophilia. This concept is the love of life or living systems. The Biophilia Hypothesis is described as “the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life.” This suggests the biological need to connect with other forms of life(animal, plant, water systems, etc.). An example of this is gardening. Not only

CONCEPT STATEMENT

is it therapeutic to work on a garden, but it is just as beneficial to watch it grow and thrive. Observing the outcome of the work put in is just as rewarding and awe-inspiring. This physical and spiritual connection promotes healing, growth, new life, progress and many other attributes in a variety of ways by utilizing the cycle of life and a bond with other natural living things.This concept will be integrated into the program and design to create an atmosphere and experience that promotes a connection with nature and a new beginning. Many of the therapies interact with the outdoors directly, however, some observe from a distance. The therapies that will be included are gardening , art, aquatic, and outdoor sports therapies.In addition to the therapies, these concepts will be prominent in the design. Connections with nature and water will be important. This can mean having water features and plant life with an indoor/outdoor connection. Sunlight is also a factor to incorporate as the soldiers experiences the building. This can start to influence decisions on the materiality and color scheme of the building. Sustainability needs to be taken into account when selecting the materials. If wood is selected as a main material, it needs to be either readily accessible, easily replenished, or both.

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Word MappingIt all started with the idea of a sap-pling tree

• Growth• Progress• Cycle of Life• Healing• Continuous

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Biophilia• A biological need to connect with other forms of life• gardening, protection of nature, wildlife, and sustain

connection• Being in nature= being at peace• Observe cycle of life- can solve almost any physical or

mental ailment

Program• Gardening Therapy• Aquadic Therapy• Art Therapy• Physical Therapy• Occupational Therapy• Counceling• Needs a sense of community

These therapies have aspects that help in mind, body, and spirit (emotional, physical, and mental strengh)

Feature Elements• Main water feature with secondary and

moments throughout.• Connection with exterior• Plantlife throughout• Always revisting the center before each

appointment.

mind

body

soul

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Aquadic Pool Selection

Hydroworx 3500• Good for group workouts of in need of

extra room

Hydroworx 2000• Adjustable floor• Built in treadmill

Polar and Thermal Plunge• Great for after workout muscle work

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

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Preliminary Plan

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Master Plan 1. Entry2. Reception3. Cafe 4. Bathrooms5. Childcare6. Water Feature7. Recreation Room8. Public Workout Room9. Locer Rooms10. Aquatic Therapy11. Art Therapy12. Garden Therapy13. Physical THerapy

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Circulation Diagram

Core Therapy Diagram

Aquatic TherapyPT/OTGarden/Art TherapyCounseling Therapy

Public Community SpaceSemi-Public Community Space

Public Spaces Diagram

Water Feature ElementsPlant Life Elements

Water vs. Earth Element Diagram

Plan

This site has a one-way parking loop, walking trails with integrated seating areas, a pond, and a ropes course.

Ropes Course Pond

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Elevations

Front Elevation

Right Elevation

Back Elevation

Left Elevation

Exterior Perspective

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Interior Circulation

Circulation meanders around the edges of the exterior of the building promoting an ambulatory indoor walking path. Clearly marked signage helps patrons know where they are at all times. Integrated seating, artwork and foliage combine with the exterior views creating an atmosphere like that of a leisure stroll.

Reception

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Reception Desk

Cafe

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Reception/Cafe Detail Reception/Cafe RCP

Reception

Cafe

Entry

Garden Therapy

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Garden Therapy

Office

Storage

Outdoor Garden

Garden Therapy Detail Garden Therapy RCP

Portable Plant Carrier

Once the patients make a ceramic pot in Art therapy, they are able to bring a plant home as a constant reminder of the continuous inner growth. These containers help transport the plants by easily fitting into a standandard cup holder. The top clear perforrated portion detaches and pulls away to get the plant safely in and out of the device. Top View and Section

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Gathering Spaces

Detail showing gathering areas at the end of each therapy. In addition, there are benches in the secondary areas where the circulation paths converge. Also at these points, there is access to outdoor patios overlooking natural gardens and the site beyond. (lighter shaded areas)

Top View and Section

Structural Plan

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Material Selections

REFERENCES

“Blanchard Hall Outpatient Center: Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation” Architecture Design for Architects | Architectural Record. Architectual Record, Oct. 2010. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http:// archrecord.construction.com/projects/building_Types_Study/healthcare/2010/Blanchard_Hall_Outpatient_ Center.asp>.

“Georgia RS: Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation.” Georgia Rehabilitation Services. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.vocrehabga.org/rwsirfacts.html>.

“Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute of Rehabilitation.” Meriwether County History. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://meriwetherquest.com/history/rehab_center.html>.

“Stanley Beaman & Sears Creates Contemporary Gateway for Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute.” World Architecture News, Official Home Page, Architecture News, Architecture Jobs. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http:// www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.projectview>.

“US Census Bereau.” American Factfinder. US Census Bureau, n.d. Web. 7 Dec 2012. <http://factfinder2.census. gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST05&prodType=table>.

“Warm Springs Outpatient Clinic.” Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www. rooseveltrehab.org/blanchard.php>.

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