Main sources of general information · 94 Irrigation in the Middle East region in figures –...

91

Main sources of general information

Documents cited in this section were useful for the writing of the summary and are not specific to a country. Literature relative to the individual countries is listed in the section “Main sources of information” at the end of each country profile.

Akanda, A., Freeman, S. and Placht, M. 2007. The Tigris–Euphrates river basin: Mediating

a path towards regional water stability.

American University [AU]. 1997. Tigris–Euphrates river dispute. ICE case studies. Attili S., Phillips D. and Khalaf A. After 2003. Historical developmental plans of the

Jordan river basin.

Berrin, B and Campana, M. 2008. Conflict, cooperation, and the new ‘Great Game’ in the

Kura-Araks basin of the South Caucasus

Bridgland D.R, Philip G., Westaway R. and White M. 2003. A long Quaternary terrace sequence in the Orontes River valley, Syria: A record of uplift and of human occupation. Current science, Vol. 84, No. 8, 25 April 2003.

Bucks, D.A. 1993. Micro-irrigation world wide usage report.CIA (United States Central Intelligence Agency). 2004. Factbook, country profiles:

Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia.

CILSS (Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel) / OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 1991. The development of irrigated

crops in Sahel. Summary and reports by country. OECD / CILSS / CLUB of Sahel. Saturday / D (91) 366. E/F.

Comair, F.G. 2008. Gestion et hydrodiplomatie de l’eau au Proche-orient.

Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. 2007. Water for food,

water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. London: Earthscan, and Colombo: International Water Management Institute.

Dogan Y.P. 2009. Turkey, Syria cooperate on water front. Today’s Zaman. 20 March 2009.DSI (General directorate of state hydraulic works). XXst Regional Directorate of State

Hydraulic works – Kahramanmaras. El Fadel, M., El Sayegh, Y., Abou Ibrahim, A., Jamali, D. and El Fadl, K. 2002. The

Euphrates–Tigris basin: A case study in surface water conflict resolution. Erdem, M. (after 2002). The Tigris–Euphrates rivers controversy and the role of international

law.Estephan C., Nimah M.N., Farajalla N., Karam F. 2008. Lebanon. Rural Development

Project. The Upper Bekaa valley of Lebanon. Orontes River Basin. EU (European Union). 2004. EU Rapid Mechanism-End of programme report. Lebanon/

Israel Wazzani springs dispute. European Commission Conflict Prevention and Crisis Management Unit.

Ewing, A. 2003. Water quality and public health monitoring of surface waters in the Kura-

Araks river basin of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

FAO. 1995. Irrigation in Africa in figures/L’irrigation en Afrique en chiffres. FAO Water

Report No. 7. Rome.FAO. 1997a. Irrigation in the Near East Region in figures. FAO Water Report No. 9.

Rome.FAO. 1997b. Irrigation in the countries of the former Soviet Union in figures. FAO Water

Report No. 15. Rome.

Irrigation in the Middle East region in figures – AQUASTAT Survey 200892

FAO. 1997c. Irrigation potential in Africa – a basin approach. FAO Land and Water

Bulletin No. 4. Rome.FAO. 1999. Irrigation in Asia in figures. FAO Water Report No. 18. Rome.FAO. 2002. Bilateral agreement between Syria and Iraq concerning the installation of a

Syrian pump station on the Tigris River for irrigation purposes. Available at http://faolex.fao.org/waterlex/.

FAO. 2003. Review of world water resources by country. FAO Water Report No. 23. Rome.

FAO. 2004a. Directions for agricultural water management in Africa. FAO Land and Water Development Division. Internal document, unpublished.

FAO. 2004b. Support to the drafting of a national Water Resources Master Plan.

FAO. 2006. Orontes basin (Al Assi). International Symposium on irrigation modernization: constraints and solutions. Damascus, Syria. 28–31 March 2006.

FAO. 2008a. FAOSTAT – database. Available at http://faostat.fao.org/.FAO. 2008b. AQUASTAT – database. Available at http://www.fao.org/nr/aquastat/.FAO. 2005. Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT survey 2005. FAO Water Report

No. 29. Rome.Gleick, P.H., ed. 1993. Water in crisis: a guide to the of world’s freshwater resources. New

York, USA, Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press for Pacific Institute. 473 pp.Gleick, P.H., ed. 2006. The world’s water 2006–2007: the biennial report on freshwater

resources. Washington, DC, Island Press.Green Cross Denmark. 2006. Cooperation over water resources in the Jordan river basin –

Strategies for seveloping new water resources.

Green Cross Italy. 2006. Water for peace. The Jordan river basin. Available at the following link: http://www.greencrossitalia.it/ita/acqua/wfp/jordan_wfp_001.htm.

Haddadin, M. After 2000. The Jordan river basin: water conflict and negotiated

resolution.

Hohendinger, K. 2006. Water politics in the Middle East: The Euphrates Tigris basin.

ICID (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. 2005. Sprinkler and micro-

irrigated area in some ICID member countries. Available at http://www.icid.org.IPTRID (International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and

Drainage) /FAO. 2003. The irrigation challenge – increasing irrigation contribution to food security through higher water productivity canal irrigation systems. Issue paper

No. 4.Kaya, I. 1998. The Euphrates–Tigris basin: An overview and opportunities for cooperation

under international law.

Khater, A.R. 2003. Intensive groundwater use in the Middle East and North Africa In R. Llamas & E. Custodio, eds. Intensive use of groundwater challenges and opportunities.

Abingdon, UK, Balkema. 478 pp.Kibaroglu, A. 2002. Building a regime for the waters of the Euphrates-Tigris river basin.

Korkutan, S. 2001. The sources of conflict in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin and its strategic

consequences in the Middle East.

Lehner, B., Verdin, K., Jarvis, A. 2008. New global hydrography derived from spaceborne

elevation data. Eos, Transactions, AGU, 89(10): 93–94. HydroSHEDS. Available at the following link: http://www.worldwildlife.org/hydrosheds and http://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov.

Libiszewski, S. 1995. Water disputes in the Jordan basin region and their role in the

resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Lowi, M. After 1996. Political and institutional responses to transboundary water disputes

in the Middle East.

L’vovitch, M.I. 1974. World water resources and their future. Russian ed. Mysl. Moscow. Translation in English by R.L. Nace, American Geological Union, Washington, 1979. 415 pp.

Main sources of general information 93

Milich, L and Varady, G. 1998. Openness, sustainability, and public participation in

transboundary river-basin institutions. The Israel-Jordan Joint Water Committee

(IJJWC)

Möllenkamp S. 2003. Transboundary river basin management – new challenges in EU 25

and beyond. Nachbaur, J.W. 2004. The Jordan river basin in Jordan: impacts of support for irrigation

and rural development.

NIC (National Intelligence Council). 2000. Central Asia and South Caucasus:

Reorientations, international transitions, and strategic dynamics conference report. October 2000.

New, M., Lister, D., Hulme, M. and Makin, I. 2002. A high-resolution data set of surface

climate over global land areas. Climate Research 2. Available at following link: http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg.htm.

Newton, J. 2007. Case study of transboundary dispute resolution: the Kura –Araks basin.

OSU (Oregon State University). 2002. International river basins of the world.OSU. 2008. South Caucasus river monitoring project. Ruzgar. Problem of Kura-Araks. Available at http://ruzgar.aznet.org/ruzgar/1-7.htm.Slim K., Saad Z, El-Samad O., Kazpard V. Chemical and algological characterization of

surface waters in the Orontes River (Lebanon) in a semiarid environment.

Sofer A., Rosovesky M. and Copaken N. 1999. Rivers of fire: the conflict over water in

the Middle East.

SPC (State Planning Commission). 2009. The five year plan 2006–2010. Available at the following link: http://www.planning.gov.sy/.

The Jordan Times. 2008. Jordan, Syria to discuss Yarmouk basin, Wihdeh Dam storage. 04/09/2008.

UN (United Nations). 2006. The UN World Water Development Report II: Water, a

shared responsibility. UNESCO / Berghahn Books.UNDG (United Nations Development Group). 2005. The national water master plan –

Phase 1 Water Resources Assessment. 26 pp.UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2008. Human Development Index.

Available at http://hdr.undp.org).UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). 2004. Environmental

performance reviews: Azerbaijan.UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 2002. Caucasus Environment

Outlook (CEO) UNEP. 2003. GEO Year Book 2003. Theme: Freshwater.UNESCO-IHE (Institute for water education). 2002. From conflict to cooperation in

international water resources management: challenges and opportunities. Institute for Water Education Delft, The Netherlands.

UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2005. Statistics by country. Available at http://www.unicef.org

UNICEF / WHO (World Health Organization). 2008. Joint Monitoring Programme

(JMP) for water and sanitation. Available at http://www.wssinfo.org.US Department of State. 2003. Roadmap for peace in the Middle East: Israeli/Palestinian

reciprocal action, quartet support.

USAID (United States Agency for International Development). 2006. South Caucasus

water program. Available at www.scaucasuswater.org.Vener, B. 2006. The Kura-Araks Basin: obstacles and common objectives for an integrated

water resources management model among Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

Venot, J.P., Molle, F. and Courcier, R. 2006. Dealing with closed basins: the case of the

Lower Jordan river basin. World Water Week 2006, Stockholm, August 2006. Vermooten, J.S.A, Kloosterman F.H. After 2002. The reaction of the groundwater system

of the Syrian Orontes basin to stresses from large scale groundwater pumping.


Waterwiki. 2007. Reducing transboundary degradation in the Kura/Aras river basin. WHYMAP (World-wide hydrogeological mapping and assessment programme). 2008.

Groundwater resources of the world.WHO (World Health Organization). 2005. World malaria report 2005.Wolf, A. 1996. “Hydrostrategic” Territory in the Jordan Basin: Water, War, and Arab-Israeli

Peace Negotiations.

World Bank. 1998. International watercourses: enhancing cooperation and managing

conflict.

World Bank. 2007. Making the most of scarcity.World Bank. 2008. Indicators of world development. Available at http://www.worldbank.

org/wdi.World Resources Institute. 1994. World resources 1994–1995. A guide to the global

environment. Oxford University Press for WRI/UNEP/UNDP. 400 pp.World Resources Institute. 2003. World resources 2002–2004. Decisions for the earth:

balance, voice, and power.Yavuz, Ercan. 2008. Turkey, Iraq, Syria to initiate water talks. Today’s Zaman

12/03/2008.

95

Summary tables

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Table 42 – Land use and irrigation potentialÿ The cultivable area for Israel, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and the United

Arab Emirates was estimated as cultivated area. For Qatar it was estimated as the irrigation potential.ÿ The cultivated areas for Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the

United Arab Emirates do not correspond to the FAOSTAT values because there is no rainfed cultivation, thus cultivated land is equal to the total water managed area or, if known, the actually irrigated area (Qatar and Saudi Arabia). ÿ The cultivated area for Yemen corresponds to the value provided by the national

consultant because the FAOSTAT value is smaller than the total harvested irrigated crops area.ÿ The cultivated area does not correspond to the year indicated in the column for

Bahrain (2000), Kuwait (2003), Occupied Palestinian Territory (1998), Qatar (2004), United Arab Emirates (2003) and Yemen (2004).ÿ The irrigation potential area for Israel, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab

Republic, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen was estimated as equipped area, since there was no data available.ÿ Figures on irrigation potential cannot be totalled due to possible double-counting

of shared water resources.

Table 46 – Water withdrawals by sourceÿ Freshwater (Surface water + groundwater) for Iraq, Israel, the Occupied

Palestinian Territory and the Syrian Arab Republic are unknown, however total freshwater has been estimated taking into account water withdrawal by sector.ÿ Turkey’s surface water and groundwater refers to 2000 while total freshwater

refers to 2003, and Azerbaijan surface water and groundwater refers to 2004 while total freshwater refers to 2005.

Table 49 – Full/partial control irrigation techniquesÿ There is no data available for Iraq, Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory,

thus these countries are not included in the totals.

Table 50 – Origin of full/partial control irrigation waterÿ For Azerbaijan, Kuwait and Turkey surface water area + groundwater area +

other sources of water area is not equal to the full/partial control irrigation area in Table 47 because it refers to different years.

Table 51 – Harvested irrigated crops on full/partial control areasÿ For Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic and Turkey, the

harvested irrigated crops area, equipped area actually irrigated, or equipped full/partial control irrigation area which are used for the calculation of cropping intensity refer to the same year (2003, 2004, 1999, 2000 and 2004 respectively).


Co

un

try

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ated

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005)

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ant

area

per

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area

per

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area

in %

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ith

ah

a/in

hab

ha

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)=10

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2 98

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991

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400

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215

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49

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al

Summary tables 97

Co

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ag

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(200

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in %

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tota

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in %

of

eco

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ru

ral

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in

hab

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per

km

2

Arm

enia

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6 00

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101

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5220

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746

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754

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(1

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592

17

642

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274

7 7

69 2

576

11.7

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38

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8 1

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123

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116

160

96.6

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2

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(Is

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397

894

128

500

1 8

49 1

37 5

15 1

978

6.6

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94

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35

200

1 2

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5 61

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53.4

Isra

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35 9

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112

1 7

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6557

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937

164

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402

2 4

20 8

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19 8

37 2

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0

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Tota

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1 56

4 04

8 4

84 0

90 1

711

--

-

Summary tables 99

Co

un

try

Year

An

nu

al w

ater

wit

hd

raw

al

Ag

ricu

ltu

reM

un

icip

alit

ies

Ind

ust

ries

Tota

l

volu

me

% o

f to

tal

volu

me

% o

f to

tal

volu

me

% o

f to

tal

volu

me

per

inh

abit

ant

Un

itm

illio

n m

3%

mill

ion

m3

%m

illio

n m

3%

mill

ion

m3

m3 /

inh

ab

(1

)(2

)=(3

)(4

)=(5

)(6

)=(7

)=(1

0)

100x

(1)/

(7)

100x

(3)/

(7)

100x

(5)/

(7)

(1)+

(3)+

(5)

Arm

enia

2006

1 8

5966

84

330

12

54

2 8

27

937

Aze

rbai

jan

2005

9 3

3076

52

14

2 3

6019

12

211

1 4

52

Bah

rain

2003

15

945

17

850

20

6

357

50

6

Geo

rgia

2005

1 0

5565

35

822

20

813

1 6

21

362

Iran

(Is

lam

ic R

epu

blic

of)

2004

86

000

92 6

200

7 1

100

1 9

3 30

0 1

356

Iraq

2000

52

000

79 4

300

7 9

700

15 6

6 00

0 2

632

Isra

el20

04 1

129

58

712

36

113

6 1

954

29

6

Jord

an20

05

611

65

291

31

384

94

1

165

Ku

wai

t20

02

492

54

401

44

212

91

3

375

Leb

ano

n20

05

780

60

380

29

150

11 1

310

36

6

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n T

erri

tory

2005

18

945

20

048

29

7

418

11

3

Gaz

a St

rip

20

00

8564

42

32

65

13

3

128

Wes

t B

ank

2000

89

57

5938

9

5

157

92

Om

an20

03 1

168

88

134

10

191

1 3

21

526

Qat

ar20

05

262

59

174

39

82

44

4

546

Sau

di A

rab

ia20

06 2

0 82

688

2 1

309

71

03

23

666

96

3

Syri

an A

rab

Rep

ub

lic20

03 1

4 66

988

1 4

269

59

54

16

690

92

1

Turk

ey20

03 2

9 60

074

6 2

0015

4 3

0011

40

100

56

3

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

2005

3 3

1283

61

715

69

2 3

998

88

9

Yem

en20

00 3

060

90

272

8

682

3 4

00

187

Tota

l reg

ion

2

26 5

0183

25

337

9 1

9 63

37

271

472

96

3

TAB

LE 4

5W

ater

wit

hd

raw

als

by

sect

or


Co

un

try

Year

Fres

hw

ater

Oth

er s

ou

rces

of

wat

erTo

tal w

ith

dra

wal

b

y so

urc

e

Surf

ace

wat

erG

rou

nd

wat

erTo

tal

Des

alin

ated

wat

erR

euse

d t

reat

ed

was

tew

ater

Reu

sed

ag

ricu

ltu

ral

dra

inag

e w

ater

Year

Vo

lum

eV

olu

me

% o

f to

tal

Vo

lum

e%

of

tota

lV

olu

me

% o

f to

tal

MD

G W

ater

In

dic

ato

rYe

arV

olu

me

% o

f to

tal

Year

Vo

lum

e%

of

tota

lYe

arV

olu

me

% o

f to

tal

Un

itm

illio

n

m3

%m

illio

n

m3

%m

illio

n

m3

%%

m

illio

n

m3

%

mill

ion

m

3%

m

illio

n

m3

%

mill

ion

m

3

Arm

enia

2006

2 2

1678

61

122

2 8

2710

0

36

0.0

1994

0.1

0.0

20

06 2

827

Aze

rbai

jan

2004

10

733

93

707

6 1

2 05

099

35

0.

020

0516

11.

3

2005

12

211

Bah

rain

2003

0

0

239

67

239

67

206

2003

10

228

.720

0516

4.6

20

03

357

Geo

rgia

2005

1 0

7266

54

934

1 6

2110

0

3-

0.0

00.

0

2005

1 6

21

Iran

(Is

lam

ic R

epu

blic

o

f)20

04 4

0 00

043

53

100

57 9

3 10

010

0

6820

04

200

0.2

0.0

20

04 9

3 30

0

Iraq

2000

--

--

64

493

98

8519

97

70.

00.

019

97 1

500

2.3

2000

66

000

Isra

el20

04-

--

- 1

552

79

8720

07

140

1.3

2002

262

13.4

20

04 1

954

Jord

an20

05

294

31

553

59

848

90

9120

05

101.

020

0584

8.9

20

05

941

Ku

wai

t20

02

00

41

545

41

545

2 0

7520

02

420

46.0

2002

788.

5

2002

91

3

Leb

ano

n20

05

396

30

700

53 1

096

84

2420

06

473.

620

062

0.2

2001

16

512

.620

05 1

310

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n

Terr

ito

ry20

05-

--

-

408

98

49-

0.0

1998

102.

4

2005

41

8

Gaz

a St

rip

20

00

123

92

123

92

173

-0.

019

9810

7.5

20

00

133

Wes

t B

ank

2000

15

710

0

157

100

21

-0.

0

2000

15

7

Om

an20

03

00

1 1

7589

1 1

7589

84

2006

10

98.

020

0637

2.7

20

03 1

321

Qat

ar20

05

00

22

150

22

150

38

120

05

180

40.5

2005

439.

7

2005

44

4

Sau

di A

rab

ia20

06 1

100

5 2

1 36

790

22

467

95

936

2006

1 0

334.

420

0616

60.

7

2006

23

666

Syri

an A

rab

Rep

ub

lic20

03-

- 1

3 89

483

83

-0.

020

0255

03.

320

04 2

246

13.5

2003

16

690

Turk

ey20

00 3

1 50

073

10

500

24 3

9 10

098

18

1990

1

0.0

2006

1000

2.5

20

03 4

0 10

0

Un

ited

Ara

b

Emir

ates

2005

0

0 2

800

70 2

800

70 1

867

2005

95

023

.820

0524

86.

2

2005

3 9

98

Yem

en20

00

987

29 2

397

71 3

384

100

16

120

00

100.

320

006

0.2

20

00 3

400

Tota

l reg

ion

8

8 29

7

95

614

2

61 6

8896

--

3 2

101.

2

2662

.80.

98

3 9

111.

4

271

472

TAB

LE 4

6W

ater

wit

hd

raw

als

by

sou

rce

Summary tables 101

Co

un

try

Year

Full/

par

tial

co

ntr

ol

irri

gat

ion

Spat

e ir

rig

atio

nEq

uip

ped

lo

wla

nd

sTo

tal e

qu

ipp

ed f

or

irri

gat

ion

% o

f cu

ltiv

ated

ar

eaPa

rt o

f eq

uip

ped

act

ual

ly

irri

gat

edA

nn

ual

incr

ease

ra

te

Un

ith

ah

ah

ah

a%

%%

(1

)(2

)(3

)(4

)=(1

)+(2

)+(3

)(5

)(6

)(7

)

Arm

enia

2006

273

530

--

273

530

49.3

64.0

-0.4

Aze

rbai

jan

2003

1 42

6 00

0-

-1

426

000

69.1

--0

.2

Bah

rain

2000

4 0

15-

- 4

015

94.8

100.

04.

0

Geo

rgia

2007

401

290

- 3

1 50

0 4

32 7

9040

.6-

-0.7

Iran

(Is

lam

ic R

epu

blic

of)

2003

8 13

1 56

4-

-8

131

564

46.0

-1.

1

Iraq

1990

3 52

5 00

0-

-3

525

000

59.0

97.0

-

Isra

el20

04 2

25 0

00-

- 2

25 0

0057

.0-

2.1

Jord

an20

04 7

8 86

0-

- 7

8 86

026

.891

.0-0

.9

Ku

wai

t20

03 7

050

--

7 0

5010

0.0

-4.

4

Leb

ano

n20

00 9

0 00

0-

- 9

0 00

027

.1-

0.4

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n T

erri

tory

2003

24

000

--

24

000

11.0

--

Gaz

a St

rip

20

03 1

1 40

0-

- 1

1 40

0-

--

Wes

t B

ank

2003

12

600

--

12

600

--

-

Om

an20

05 5

8 85

0-

- 5

8 85

010

0.0

--0

.4

Qat

ar20

01 1

2 93

5-

- 1

2 93

520

0.0

47.0

0.4

Sau

di A

rab

ia20

001

730

767

--

1 73

0 76

714

3.0

69.0

0.9

Syri

an A

rab

Rep

ub

lic20

041

439

100

--

1 43

9 10

026

.0-

3.2

Turk

ey20

064

970

000

- 1

3 00

04

983

000

19.0

87.0

1.3

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

2003

226

600

--

226

600

88.9

-13

.0

Yem

en20

04 4

54 3

10 2

17 5

41 7

799

679

650

57.2

67.0

3.5

Tota

l reg

ion

23

078

871

217

541

52

299

23 3

48 7

11

--

TAB

LE 4

7A

rea

un

der

irri

gat

ion


Co

un

try

Year

Are

a eq

uip

ped

fo

r ir

rig

atio

nN

on

eq

uip

ped

cu

ltiv

ated

w

etla

nd

s an

d v

alle

y b

ott

om

sN

on

eq

uip

ped

flo

od

re

cess

ion

cro

pp

ing

ar

ea

Tota

l wat

er m

anag

ed

area

% o

f ir

rig

atio

n

po

ten

tial

% o

f cu

ltiv

ated

ar

ea

(tab

le 4

3)

Un

ith

ah

ah

ah

a%

%

(1

)(2

)(3

)(4

)=(1

)+(2

)+(3

)(5

)(6

)

Arm

enia

2006

273

530

--

273

530

4164

Aze

rbai

jan

2003

1 42

6 00

0-

-1

426

000

4569

Bah

rain

2000

4 0

15-

- 4

015

9595

Geo

rgia

2007

432

790

--

432

790

6041

Iran

(Is

lam

ic R

epu

blic

of)

2003

8 13

1 56

4-

10

000

8 14

1 56

454

46

Iraq

1990

3 52

5 00

0-

-3

525

000

6359

Isra

el20

04 2

25 0

00-

- 2

25 0

00-

Jord

an20

04 7

8 86

0-

- 7

8 86

093

27

Ku

wai

t20

03 7

050

--

7 0

5028

100

Leb

ano

n20

00 9

0 00

0-

- 9

0 00

051

27

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n T

erri

tory

2003

24

000

--

24

000

3011

Gaz

a St

rip

20

03 1

1 40

0-

- 1

1 40

060

-

Wes

t B

ank

2003

12

600

--

12

600

21-

Om

an20

05 5

8 85

0-

- 5

8 85

0-

100

Qat

ar20

01 1

2 93

5-

- 1

2 93

525

200

Sau

di A

rab

ia20

001

730

767

--

1 73

0 76

7-

143

Syri

an A

rab

Rep

ub

lic20

041

439

100

--

1 43

9 10

0-

26

Turk

ey20

064

983

000

--

4 98

3 00

057

19

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

2003

226

600

--

226

600

-89

Yem

en20

04 6

79 6

50-

- 6

79 6

50-

57

Tota

l reg

ion

23

348

711

0

10

000

23 3

58 7

11-

TAB

LE 4

8W

ater

man

aged

are

a

Summary tables 103

TAB

LE 4

9Fu

ll/p

arti

al c

on

tro

l irr

igat

ion

tec

hn

iqu

es

Co

un

try

Year

F/p

co

ntr

ol –

eq

uip

ped

Year

Full/

par

tial

co

ntr

ol i

rrig

atio

n –

eq

uip

ped

are

a

Tota

l**

Surf

ace

irri

gat

ion

Spri

nkl

er ir

rig

atio

nLo

caliz

ed ir

rig

atio

n

Un

ith

a

ha

ha

ha

Arm

enia

2006

273

530

2006

247

530

25

000

1 0

00

Aze

rbai

jan

2003

1 42

6 00

019

951

301

700

149

000

2 6

18

Bah

rain

2000

4 01

520

00 3

390

16

0

465

Geo

rgia

2007

401

290

2007

372

980

0

28

310

Iran

(Is

lam

ic R

epu

blic

of)

2003

8 13

1 56

420

037

431

564

280

000

420

000

Iraq

1990

3 52

5 00

019

94-

- 8

000

Isra

el20

0422

5 00

020

04-

- 1

68 7

50

Jord

an20

0478

860

2004

13

860

1 0

00 6

4 00

0

Ku

wai

t20

037

050

1994

3 0

20

600

1 1

50

Leb

ano

n20

0090

000

2000

57

200

25

100

7 7

00

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n T

erri

tory

2003

24 0

00-

--

-

Gaz

a St

rip

-

11 4

00-

--

-

Wes

t B

ank

-12

600

--

--

Om

an20

0558

850

2004

46

658

6 6

54 5

538

Qat

ar20

0112

935

2001

9 7

07 1

813

1 4

15

Sau

di A

rab

ia20

001

730

767

1992

547

000

1 02

9 00

0 3

2 00

0

Syri

an A

rab

Rep

ub

lic20

041

439

100

2004

1 25

1 40

0 1

30 2

00 5

7 50

0

Turk

ey20

064

970

000

2006

4 57

2 40

0 2

98 2

00 9

9 40

0

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

2003

226

600

2003

27

100

4 0

00 1

95 5

00

Yem

en20

0445

4 31

020

04 4

53 8

25

0

485

Tota

l reg

ion

*23

078

871

16

339

334

1 95

0 72

7 9

17 0

81

*

Iraq

, Isr

ael a

nd

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n T

erri

tory

no

t in

clu

ded

in t

he

tota

ls o

f th

e d

iffe

ren

t te

chn

iqu

es.

** F

or

Aze

rbai

jan

, Ira

q, K

uw

ait,

Om

an a

nd

Sau

di A

rab

ia, t

he

year

of

the

tota

l are

a u

nd

er f

ull/

par

tial

co

ntr

ol i

rrig

atio

n is

dif

fere

nt

fro

m t

he

year

fo

r th

e d

iffe

ren

t te

chn

iqu

es.


Co

un

try

Year

Surf

ace

wat

erG

rou

nd

wat

erM

ixed

su

rfac

e w

ater

an

d

gro

un

dw

ater

No

n -

co

nve

nti

on

al s

ou

rces

of

wat

er

Are

a%

of

f/p

con

tro

l are

aA

rea

% o

f f/

p

co

ntr

ol a

rea

Are

a%

of

f/p

co

ntr

ol a

rea

Are

a%

of

f/p

co

ntr

ol a

rea

Un

ith

ah

ah

ah

a

Arm

enia

2006

246

180

90

27

350

10

--

--

Aze

rbai

jan

1995

1 35

7 00

0

93 9

6 70

0

7-

--

-

Bah

rain

2003

-

0 3

614

90

--

40

2

10

Geo

rgia

2007

401

290

10

0-

0

--

-

0

Iran

(Is

lam

ic R

epu

blic

of)

2003

3 07

8 05

4

385

053

510

62

--

--

Iraq

1990

3 30

6 00

0

94 2

19 0

00

6-

--

-

Isra

el-

--

--

--

-

Jord

an20

04 2

4 36

0

31 4

2 00

0

53-

- 1

2 50

0

16

Ku

wai

t19

94-

0

2 9

10

61-

- 1

860

39

Leb

ano

n20

00 4

0 00

0

45 2

0 00

0

22 3

0 00

0

33-

-

Occ

up

ied

Pal

esti

nia

n T

erri

tory

2003

--

24

000

10

0-

--

-

Gaz

a St

rip

20

03-

- 1

1 40

0

100

--

--

Wes

t B

ank

2003

--

12

600

10

0-

--

-

Om

an20

05-

0

58

850

10

0-

--

0

Qat

ar20

01-

- 1

2 07

7

93-

-

858

7

Sau

di A

rab

ia20

00-

0

1 67

8 84

4

97-

- 5

1 92

3

3

Syri

an A

rab

Rep

ub

lic20

04-

0

864

700

60

574

400

40-

-

Turk

ey20

053

810

867

78

899

248

19

--

150

685

3

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

2003

-

0 2

26 6

00

100

--

-

0

Yem

en20

04-

0

454

310

10

0-

--

0

Tota

l reg

ion

12

263

751

54

9 68

3 71

3

43 6

04 4

00

2 2

18 2

28

1

TAB

LE 5

0O

rig

in o

f fu

ll/p

arti

al c

on

tro

l irr

igat

ion

wat

er

Summary tables 105

TAB

LE 5

1H

arve

sted

irri

gat

ed c

rop

s o

n f

ull/

par

tial

co

ntr

ol a

reas

Co

un

try

Year

Eq

uip

ped

F/P

co

ntr

ol

irri

gat

ion

Year

F/P

equ

ipp

ed

area

act

ual

ly

irri

gat

edYe

arW

hea

t

Bar

ley

Mai

ze

R

ice

O

ther

ce

real

s

Veg

etab

les

incl

ud

ing

ro

ots

an

d

tub

ers

Puls

es

Fo

dd

er

Sug

ar

can

e

Co

tto

n

Cit

rus

Ban

anas

O

lives

Dat

es

O

ther

an

nu

al

cro

ps

Oth

er

per

enn

ial

cro

ps

TOTA

L

Cro

pp

ing

in

ten

sity

(e

qu

ipp

edar

ea)

Cro

pp

ing

in

ten

sity

(a

ctu

ally

ir

rig

ated

)

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

ha

%%

Arm

enia

2006

273

530

2006

176

000

2006

35

000

5 9

00 3

100

47

400

2 0

00 2

6 00

0 5

700

50

900

176

000

6410

0

Aze

rbai

jan

2003

1 42

6 00

020

04 6

10 9

19 1

58 9

09 3

3 19

4 2

573

9 3

02 1

46 2

46 7

8 16

1 2

50 8

10 1

01 4

071

391

521

98

Bah

rain

2000

4 0

1520

00 4

015

2000

1 0

15 7

90 2

210

4 0

1510

010

0

Geo

rgia

2007

401

290

2006

126

060

31

Iran

(Is

lam

ic

Rep

ub

lic o

f )

2003

8 13

1 56

420

032

634

106

607

485

275

941

628

105

65

951

315

159

716

878

181

63

385

143

233

213

348

2 8

89 9

80 7

521

054

033

8 59

2 55

410

6

Iraq

1990

3 52

5 00

019

98 7

17 0

00 7

85 0

00 6

0 00

0 1

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252

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26

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3 0

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0 7

2 00

0 7

6 00

0 2

85 0

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428

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69

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04 2

25 0

0020

00 3

7 67

0 7

9 52

0 7

3 06

0 1

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Jord

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04 7

8 86

020

04 7

2 00

920

04 1

676

684

34

429

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6 58

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912

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2006

290

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63 4

420

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106

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0 00

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03 1

6 94

0 5

140

3 4

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1 3

7 66

3 4

310

16

426

2 7

54 1

3 60

9 4

900

105

293

117

Occ

up

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Pal

esti

nia

n

Terr

ito

ry20

01 2

0 07

319

97 1

2 75

9 6

261

577

2 8

39 1

585

24

021

120

Gaz

a St

rip

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t B

ank

Om

an20

04 5

8 85

020

07 3

11 1

171

5 6

01 5

539

15

817

40

1 2

32 2

436

32

759

2 1

82 6

7 08

710

8

Qat

ar20

01 1

2 93

520

04 6

322

2004

10

1 0

27 9

3 2

04 1

345

2 5

44 1

40 1

565

6 9

2854

110

Sau

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rab

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001

730

767

1999

1 19

1 35

120

06 4

90 2

72 2

2 09

1 1

2 12

3 1

50 0

93 1

27 8

31 2

07 2

98 1

0 84

8 2

216

190

815

1 21

3 58

770

101

Syri

an A

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Rep

ub

lic20

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439

100

2000

694

469

114

982

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71 1

00 9

74 2

70 2

90 2

7 33

8 2

8 99

4 2

6 06

4 6

3 88

31

334

265

105

Turk

ey20

064

970

000

2006

4 32

0 00

020

04 1

72 0

00 8

6 00

0 5

45 0

00 7

1 00

0 9

77 0

00 2

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29 0

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206

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8510

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Un

ited

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mir

ates

2003

226

600

2003

6 8

083

2 8

01 1

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30 3

0 21

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083

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521

101

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54 3

1020

04 4

54 3

1020

04 4

1 90

3 1

1 22

3 1

9 23

4 5

0 83

5 7

2 36

4 2

6 83

2 7

0 77

2 1

7 24

6 1

1 25

2 8

837

22

375

174

165

527

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116

116

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5 41

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21

685

893

952

175

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2 83

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177

66

425

1 16

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ag

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7

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-

Prec

ipit

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nkm

³/ye

ar

1 54

3

110

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1

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mm

/yea

r

235

8

18-

Inte

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ren

ewab

le w

ater

res

ou

rces

km³/

yea

r

484

43

658

1

.1

-

per

inh

abit

ant

m³/

year

1

711

6

753

-

Act

ual

to

tal r

enew

able

wat

er r

eso

urc

eskm

³/ y

ear

5

64

55 2

50

1.0

Tota

l wat

er w

ith

dra

wal

by

sect

or

km³/

year

2

71

3 87

1

7.0

-

agri

cult

ura

lkm

³/ye

ar

227

2

694

8

.4

- in

% o

f to

tal w

ater

wit

hd

raw

al%

8

3

70

-

-

do

mes

tic

km³/

year

2

5

387

6

.5

- in

% o

f to

tal w

ater

wit

hd

raw

al%

9

1

0-

-

ind

ust

rial

km³/

year

2

0

790

2

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f to

tal w

ater

wit

hd

raw

al%

7

2

0-

Tota

l wat

er w

ith

dra

wal

by

sou

rce

km³/

year

2

71

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1

7.0

-

tota

l fre

shw

ater

km³/

year

2

62

3 84

4

6.8

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% o

f in

tern

al r

enew

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tal a

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enew

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280

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8

.3

-

in %

of

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rea

%

36

1

8-

TAB

LE 5

2M

idd

le E

ast

com

par

ed t

o t

he

wo

rld

107

Regional figures

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Figure 7 – Regional division of the world adopted by AQUASTATÿ This is the regional division as given in FAO. 2003. Review of world water

resources by country. Water Report 23. FAO, Rome. 110 pp.

Figure 18 – Annual freshwater withdrawal as percentage of total actual renewable water resourcesÿ Values over 100 percent indicate that more freshwater is withdrawn than the

quantity annually renewed on a long-term basis, thus depleting the freshwater resources and using fossil groundwater. At country level, Kuwait has by far the highest value, 2 075 percent, meaning that large use is made of fossil groundwater. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia follow, with 1 867 percent and 936 percent respectively. For Qatar, Bahrain, Gaza Strip and Yemen, the values are 381 percent, 206 percent, 173 percent and 161 percent respectively.


Sca

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