Macromolecules

How to build a polymer dehydration synthesis joins monomers by “taking” H2O out requires energy

& enzymes• Structure and function

of polymers are derived from the way their monomers are assembled [4.A.1.a]

How to break down a polymer Hydrolysis

use H2O to break apart monomers ex: digestion

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O

carbo - hydr - ate(CH2O)x

Function:

Monomer:

Examples:

Numbered carbons

C

CC

C

CC

1'

2'3'

4'

5'6'

O

Building sugars Dehydration synthesis builds sugars

[4.A.1.a.4]

Simple & complex sugarsSUGAR FORM EXAMPLE

Polysaccharides Function:

energy storage starch (plants) glycogen (animals)

building materials = structure cellulose (plants) chitin (arthropods & fungi)

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

The nature of carbohydrate bonds determines their orientation and thus the

structure [4.A.1.b.3]

Lipids

Function:

Structure:

Examples:

Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

fatty acid tails = hydrophobic PO4 = hydrophilic head