MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULES

Concept 1: Analyzing and the chemistry of life (Ch 2, 3, 4, 5)

Ch 5 in Campbellp. 32-38 in Holtzclaw

MacromoleculesMacromoleculesYou must know:The role of dehydration synthesis in the

formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds.

How to recognize the four biologically important organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) by their structural formulas.

The cellular functions of all four organic compounds.

The four structural levels that proteins can go through to reach their final shape (conformation) and the denaturing impact that heat and pH scale can have on protein structure.

Two important biochemical Two important biochemical reactions:reactions:Dehydration SynthesisHydrolysis

Dehydration SynthesisDehydration Synthesis

Dehydration SynthesisDehydration SynthesisExample – building a

‘disaccharide’

HydrolysisHydrolysis

HydrolysisHydrolysisExample – digesting a

‘disaccharide’

Reversible!Reversible!

Try This!Try This!How many molecules of water

are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is eight monomers long?

Try This!Try This!How many molecules of water

are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is eight monomers long?

Four Types of Organic Four Types of Organic CompoundsCompoundsCarbohydratesLipidsNucleic AcidsProteins

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesStructure (monosaccharides:

CnH2nOn)Cellular Function

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesStructure (disaccharides)Cellular Function

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesStructure (polysaccharides –

cellulose)Cellular Function (structural

support)

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesStructure (polysaccharides – starch,

glycogen)Cellular Function (energy

storage)

LipidsLipidsStructureCellular Function

LipidsLipidsStructure (neutral fat)Cellular Function (energy

storage)

LipidsLipidsStructure (saturated fatty acids)Cellular Function

LipidsLipidsStructure (unsaturated fatty

acids)Cellular Function

LipidsLipidsStructure (phospholipids)Cellular Function (cell

membrane)

LipidsLipidsStructure (phospholipids)Cellular Function (cell

membranes)

LipidsLipidsStructure (steroids)Cellular Function (structure,

hormones)