Maana yake,
Transcript of Maana yake,
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Maana yake,❖ Ni hatua zote zinazopaswa kuchukuliwa kwa
dhumuni la kuzuia ugonjwa kuingia shambani kwa mfugaji au kutoka shambani kwa mfugaji alieathirika na ugonjwa Fulani kwenda kwa shamba la jirani yake.
Dhana hii ilitumika na babu zetu kwa baadhi ya magonjwa
Mfano wa magonjwa hayo ni
Kipindupindu
Ukoma n.k
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Visababishi Magonjwa
vimelea vya magonjwa
Ni viumbe vidogo sana visivyoweza
kuonekana kwa macho kama vile bacteria.
Virusi, fangasi. Protozoa n.k.
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wakala wa kusambaza magonjwa
shambani:-
KUNA MAKUNDI MATATU
Kibailojia
Kifizikia – mfano vyombo, magari,
vyakula, nk
Kikemia;- madawa ya kunyunyuzia,
kuhifadhia vyakula vinavyotumika
kutengeneza vyakula vya vya kuku n.k
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cont
Kibailojia
Hili ni kundi la mawakala linaloweza kuleta madhala aidha kwenye banda au shamba la kuku
Hujumuisha wanyama, ndege, mimea na vimelea vya magonjwa visivyoweza kuonekana kwa macho kama vile bacteria. Virusi, fangasi. Protozoa n.k.
Wanyama mfano mbwa, paka, panya
Ndege mfano kunguru, ndege warukao masafa marefu toka bara moja hadi lingine
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Cont..
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UTHIBITI WA MAGONJWA
SHAMBANI
Kanuni nne (4) za kuthibiti magonjwa shambani
mpangilio wa shamba (conceptual biosecurity)
miundo mbinu ya shamba Structural biosecurity,
Utendaji shambani (Operational biosecurity,)
Utamaduni/Tabia za wafanyakazi shambani/bandani
(Cultural biosecurity
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I.mpangilio wa shamba (conceptual
biosecurity) Hii ni hatua ya kwanza
ikihusisha eneo (location) na mpangilio wa shamba
“je? Eneo linafaa kwa shuguli ya ufugaji ili kuepusha maambukizi ya magonjwa
Mfano kama ni shamba la kuku wazazi linapaswa kujengwa umbali wa 3km toka lilipo shamba lingine la jirani.
Kama ni kuku wa mayai na nyama inashauriwa kuwa mbali na shamba lingine la kuku angalau 1.6 km
Shamba liwe mbali toka barabara kuu angalau 300m
Majengo yafuate uelekeo wa upepo (East-West orienation)
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II.miundo mbinu ya shamba
Structural biosecurity
Inahusisha miundo mbinu
inayopaswa kuwekwa
shambani ili kupunguza
kuenea kwa magonjwa.
Mfano, geti na fensi huzuia
watu wasiohusika kupita
shambani.
Kupima maji ya eneo husika
kujua kiwango cha madini,
bacteria na kemikali
Shamba liwekewe sehemu
ya kuoga na kunawa watu
wanapoingia shambani
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Cont…
Pawekwe vikanyagio
vya magari vyenye
dawa vilivyojengwa kwa
saruji ili kuua vimelea
vya magonjwa vilivyopo
kwenye gari
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Cont…
Kuwe na nguo za
kubadilisha (overall)
Viatu vya kazi (gum
boots)
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Cont..
Pawekwe incenerator
Pawekwe vyombo
mbalimbali kwa
matumizi mbali mbali
ya shambani.
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Cont…
Kuwe na sehemu/stoo ya kutunza vyakula vya kuku.
- kuwe na sehemu ya kuchoma/kuzika kuku
waliokufa (incinerator)
- banda na nyumba zingine shambani ziwe na
miundo mbinu ya kuzuia panya na ndege pori
kuingia (rodents proof)
- mita 3 zinazozunguka banda kusiwe na mimea ili
kuzuia makazi kwa panya na viumbe vingine jirani
na banda/stoo ya vyakula.
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III. Uendeshaji shamba
(Operational biosecurity,)
Inahusika na matumizi
sahihi ya miundo mbinu
yote iliyowekwa shambani
Mfano, vikanyagio, bafu za
kuogea, incinerator, nguo
za kazi (overall), viatu vya
kazi (gum boot), masks n.k
Note: footbath ibadilishwe
kila siku, wheel bath
ibadilishe kila wiki na
endapo imechafuliwa
ibadilshwe mara moja.
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IV. Cultural biosecurity,
Inahusu wafanyakazi na watu wote wanaohusika kwenye shamba la kuku kuwa na uelewa wa kufuata taratibu za biosecurity.
Wafundishwe
Waeleweshwe umuhimu wa biosecurity kwa uhai wa shamba na afya zao
Wasilazimishwe tu kufuata taratibu isipokuwa wapewe uelewa mpana na wa kutosha.
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Je Biosecurity ni garama?
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Vifo vya kuku
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Asanteni kunisikiliza