Ma Flyashinfodata

8/10/2019 Ma Flyashinfodata

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Ref: Admix/Fly Ash Data (305092)

AN ULTIMATE STRENGTH-INCREASING (POZZOLANIC) POWDERADDITIVE FOR CONCRETE, MORTARS, GROUT, OTHER PORTLAND

CEMENT-BASED MIXES & POTENTIALLY, AS A LOW COST, SPHERICALPARTICLE EXTENDER/MODIFIER/INERT FILLER FOR COATINGS,

ADHESIVES, PLASTICS & OTHER COMPOSITE MATERIALS.

Abilitys Fly Ash powder is a finesiliceous dust selectively collected inAustralia from the controlledcombustion of pulverised black coal.During the combustions process, thebulk of the particles formed aremicroscopic spheres. Light grey incolour, the particles are generally finer

(85% pass a 45 m screen) and are of amuch more rounded particle shape thanPortland cement.

In the presence of hydrating Portlandcement, Abilitys Australian Fly Ash

powder behaves like a secondarycement by reacting slowly at ambienttemperatures with Calcium Hydroxide(lime) liberated during these long-termhydration reactions of water withcement.

Chemically, the spherical particles ofAbilitys Fly Ash are composed mainly ofglassy compounds of silica, alumina, ironand calcium. The product can be

regarded as virtually inert and thereforemay, after adequate testing be suitablefor incorporation into coatings, plastics,adhesives, rubber and other compositematerials as a non-hiding, light greyextender/filler pigment at low cost.

Inclusion of Fly Ash in Portland cement-based plastic concrete mixes improvesconcrete workability whilst alsoreducing the water content for a givenconsistency. The spherical particlescreate a ball bearing effect in the mix thus improving workability. Fly Ashparticles also fill voids in the mix whichreduces the water requirement for agiven plastic consistency. Workable FlyAsh concrete, places easier, finishesbetter and produces better off-formsurfaces than plain Portland cement

concrete. For use in concrete, Fly Ashis referred to as a supplementarycementitious material.

ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS:

Although Fly Ash has been in use forabout half a century, it is only in the last20 years that modern technology, withadvanced quality control measures havemade it a reliable material suitable for avariety of construction and industrialapplications.

The variations in the day-to-day runningof power stations and inconsistency inthe raw feed sometimes experienced inearlier years has been overcome withthe implementation of modern qualitycontrol techniques.

TEST FIRST BEFORE ACTUAL USE TRIALS ARE ESSENTIAL.

Copyright - First Published 1991, Robert F Barber, Ability Building Chemicals Co

AUSTRALIAN OXIDES PTY LTD, West Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. All rights reserved.

PLEASE READ THESE IMPORTANT NOTICES

ALL INFORMATION IS GIVEN IN AND THE ABILITY (THE MANUFACTURER) PRODUCT(S) IS/ARE SUPPLIED WITH, GOOD FAITH BUT WITHOUT WARRANTYFOR THE FINAL COMPOSITE PRODUCT OR MATERIAL AS THEIR USE IS BEYOND THE MANUFACTURERS CONTROL. THE MANUFACTURER IS NOTRESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE ARISING FROM FAILURE TO FOLLOW THEIR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE.

IT IS THE USERS/PURCHASERS RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT COMPLETE SUITABILITY OF THESE PRODUCTS, FOR ANY USE, BE COMPLETELYCONFIRMED BY THOROUGH PRIOR TESTING AND EVALUATION. THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IN THIS AND OTHER SPECIFIC PRODUCT PUBLICATIONS ISBASED ON CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE. IN VIEW OF THE MANY FACTORS WHICH MAY AFFECT PROCESSING AND APPLICATION, THIS DATAAND OTHERS DOES NOT RELIEVE PROCESSORS AND USERS FROM THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARRYING OUT THEIR OWN TESTS AND EXPERIMENTS; NEITHERDO THEY IMPLY ANY LEGALLY BINDING ASSURANCE OF CERTAIN PROPERTIES OR SUITABILITY FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE. IT IS ALSO THE RESPONSIBILITYOF THOSE TO WHOM WE SUPPLY OUR PRODUCTS, TO ENSURE THAT ANY PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AND EXISTING LAWS AND LEGISLATION ARE OBSERVED.


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The selective collection of Fly Ash and itsclassification to a controlled level of fineness andloss on ignition has resulted in a product able tobe specified and used with confidence.

Although Fly Ash has been used in mass concrete

for about 50 years, and in structural concrete forabout 30 years, there is no evidence of anydetrimental effects in the concrete itself or to thesteel reinforcement, which can be demonstratedto be caused by the use of Fly Ash. In fact, thereis evidence that shows many beneficial of its use inconstruction applications over many years.

The use of Abilitys Fly Ash in Portland cementbased concrete can significantly enhance theperformance characteristics of the final product.Additionally, the dose rate proportion forPortland cement, ranges from 15% to 30%replacement in pre-mixed concrete and 20% to50% with autoclave during in concrete blocks,bricks and pavers for a given ultimate compressivestrength which lowers the cost of production.

FEATURES:

Fly Ash may be effectively used as a supplementarycementitious binder component (partial cement

replacement) and/or for partial fine aggregatereplacement in Portland cement concrete, as wellas in bituminous (asphaltic) concrete and otherpavement materials.

In freshly mixed concrete, Fly Ash enhancesworkability and reduces voids, allowing unit watercontent (or the bitumen binder content inbituminous concrete) to be reduced.

PUMPED CONCRETE:

Highly pumpable concrete using Abilitys Fly Ashcan usually be produced more economically.

In the presence of moisture, following concreteplacement and compaction Fly Ash reacts withlime to produce complex hydrated metal silicatesand aluminates similar to those formed in thehydration of Portland cement. It may therefore bereferred to as a secondary hydration reactionproduct.

The lime source may be the Fly Ash itself, addedhydrated lime or Quicklime powder or thehydrated lime by-product from Portland cementhydration.

SPECIFIC BENEFITS:

In plastic concrete:

Reduced water requirement for a given plasticconsistency.

Reduced bleeding of mix water to the surfaceand the reduction or elimination of segregationof the aggregates from the cementitious paste.

Easier placement and improved workability. Improved pumpability, extrudability and spray

ability.

Improved finishability.

In hardened concrete:

Greater ultimate mechanical strengths.Reduced drying-shrinkage and creep (volume

deformation under sustained load).Reduced permeability to liquids. Increase resistance to sulphate attack from

sulphate containing ground waters.Enhanced resistance to alkali aggregate reaction

(AAR) and subsequent sporling.Lowered heat of hydration to prevent cracking

in large volume, mass pours. Increased resistance to freezing and thawing

degradation.Less potential for efflorescence (we

recommend the use of AbilitysEFFLOREIN Mark 2 powder for greatercontrol of efflorescence leached, white saltcrystalline bloom).

Greater resistance to acids and chemical attack.

A concrete mix designed to incorporate Fly Ashcombined with the process of curing, ensures finalconcrete that is more durable, denser and has,subject to the quality and skill of the siteprocessors/finishers, a better surface finish whilstproviding significant savings and cost advantages.

A properly designed mortar or concrete mix aswell as the utilisation of Ability admixtures such as

EFFLOREIN

Mark 2 in combination with FlyAsh will further enhance the specific benefits foryou.


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An understanding of the beneficial complementaryrelationship between Fly Ash and Abilitys range ofadmixtures is extremely important to the enduser. In order to obtain the maximum benefitfrom the use of supplementary cementitiousmaterials in concrete, it is often necessary to alsouse appropriately formulated admixtures.

Similarly, in many concrete mix designs employingadmixtures, the use of Fly Ash is considered bymany concrete technologists to be almostessential.

The integration of Fly Ash and Ability admixturesin a concrete mix, backed by Abilitys expertiseand technical support will help produce theoptimum concrete performance. This idealperformance is particularly relevant in terms ofworkability and finishing, and combined with theprocess of preventing the evaporation of the mix

water (curing) after finishing, to the concretesstrength, abrasion resistance and durabilityachievable.

PROPERTIES

REQUIREMENTS OF

AUSTRALIAN STANDARD

AS 1129-88

SUPPLEMENTARY

CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL

TYPICAL RESULTS

PRIMARY FLY ASHPRIMARY FLY ASHPRIMARY FLY ASHPRIMARY FLY ASH CLASSIFIECLASSIFIECLASSIFIECLASSIFIED FLY ASHD FLY ASHD FLY ASHD FLY ASH

Residue: 45m sieve) 50% maximum 30% maximum 15% maximum

Loss on ignition % maximum - 4.0 2.0 3.5 1.5

Sulphuric Anhydride (SO2) 2.5% maximum 0.3 0.3

Bulk density kg/m - 1980 40 2040 40

SG (true density) - 2.13 2.13

pH (10% aqueous solution) - 9.7 9.7

USES:For Portland cement based structural members,concrete pavements and all concrete products.

Also as a cost lowering, binder reducing and

abrasion resisting additive for plastics, paints,adhesives, rubber etc, virtually all types ofmortars/grouts, floors, screeds and toppings etc.In bituminous concrete, slab-jacking, soilstabilisation, mine shaft fill, filtration, as a plasticconsistency improving additive for baked clayproducts etc, road base, in embankmentconstruction, as well as for back fill etc.

It should be fully evaluated before actual use inpaints and membranes, cementitious paints and as

a low cost extender/filler in plastics and othercomposites materials.

METHOD OF USE IN CONCRETE:The effects of the addition of Fly Ash to concretewill vary. Individual situations will be influenced bythe type and amount of admixtures used, thedegree of freshness and type of cement, theaggregates and their gradation, the mixing time,the concrete temperature plus the hardenedconcrete strength requirements of the mix design.

Under ideal curing conditions, such as when agood curing compound* is applied to freshlyplaced concrete, immediately after the finalfinishing operation, up to 30% Fly Ash may beused as a direct replacement for Portland

cement in concrete.

Where retention of early age strength is vitaland/or the fine aggregate is deficient in fines, itis normal to adopt the replacement-additionmethod where part of the Fly Ash is used as asand supplement. Sand batch weights areadjusted to control the volume yield of theconcrete.

It is difficult to outline all the possible variables of

the use of Fly Ash in this data but ourrepresentatives have been trained to assist andnominate the appropriate approach for eachsituation as it arises. Please contact us for specificassistance.

STORAGE:

Abilitys Fly Ash powder is available in multi-wallbags of 25kg net. It is also available on firmadvance order in Concrete-Friendly degradablebags for easy, convenient use in pre-mixed

concrete.

* Duro-Seelliquid, turps based rubber resin curingcompound, sealer, stain is available in clear and colours


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Bulk Fly Ash must be stored in weather-tight binsor silos. In compartmented bins/silos, precautionsshould be taken to ensure that no leakage ispossible from one compartment to another.

TRANSFER:

Abilitys Fly Ash, having a rounded, spherical

particle shape is, when aerated, an extremely fluidpowder and may be made to flow easily throughscew conveyors. The use of air slides and fastacting valves has proven to be the best method oftransferring the product from silos to weighhoppers.

BATCHING:

Fly Ash is normally batched through the cementweigh hopper. A sequence of cement first and FlyAsh second is recommended.

SAFETY:

Dust from Fly Ash is regarded as an inert dust asfar as any respiratory effects are concerned.However, no person should be continuouslyexposed to concentrations of respirable dustexceeding 5mg/m of air. The use of suitable facemasks and eye protection is therefore highlyrecommended.

CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH ABILITYS

HIGH PERFORMANCE FLY ASH:

Abilitys high performance Flay Ash is of potentialinterest to the civil engineer both in the broadarea of soil stabilisation and in Portland cementconcrete.

SOIL STABILISATION:

There are two primary mechanisms by which soilscan be made more suitable for engineeringapplications:

1. Improvement of the soils inherent properties,such as decreasing its plasticity index andvolumetric shrinkage.

2. Cementation of the individual soil grains toproduce an increase in both strength anddurability characteristics as well as a decreasein permeability.

Currently accepted practices for achieving thesetwo mechanisms are cement stabilisation of coarse

grained soils and lime stabilisation of highly plasticclay soils.

Coarse grained materials with plasticity indices ofless than 25, in most cases can be stabilisedeffectively and economically with lime-Fly Ash orcement-Fly Ash mixtures. From a brief review ofthe current relevant literature, it will becomeevident that Fly Ash or cement-Fly Ash mixtureshave become accepted as a construction material.

Fly Ash has also been used most successfully withlime in conjunction with non-pozzolanic clay.

PAVEMENT:Although the civil engineer fraternity may be alittle more conservative than others, and rightlyso, bit increases have been made in the use of FlyAsh in pavements. Such uses range from themedication of granular sub-bases to improvedgradation, through a multitude of pozzolanicpavement materials involving cement, hydratedlime and/or flue dusts, to the more conventionalPortland cement concrete base and sub-basematerials.

Ironically, in Australia, upside-down pavements arenot uncommon, where a granular base overlieshigh Fly Ash sub-base concrete. This type of sub-base is also used with a more traditional highstrength, highly abrasion resistant concretewearing course.

These sub-grade concretes typically contain morethan 200kg of Flay Ash per m with about 80kg ofcement. Such concrete can be placed by a pavingtrain or may be roller-compacted in smallerpavement works.

In wear resistant concrete courses where as muchas 30% of the cement is replaced by Fly Ash,design strength can be attained at critical ages byspecifying the technique of addition/replacement

quantities in the mix design.

Benefits derived from the inclusion of highperformance Fly Ash in concrete pavementsinclude:

Improved workability, placeability and finishing.Reduced segregation and bleeding.Enhanced resistance to ground waters (acids or

sulphate) and de-icing salts.Minimised alkali/aggregate reaction.


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CONCRETE WORKABILITY:

It is generally agreed that Fly Ash increases theworkability of plastic concrete. However,concrete workability is a complex subject and isnot readily defined by standard tests. It involvesthe ease of handling, transportation by pump,placing, compaction and finishing of plastic

concrete. The water of convenience, in excess ofthat required for cement hydration, is the majorcontributor to concrete workability in ordinaryPortland cement mixes. This excess water has ahighly detrimental influence on hardened concretestrength and durability at all ages! As with allconcrete, a keen eye should be kept by allconcerned in effecting the preferred use of lowwater:cementitious material ratios at all times. FlyAsh assists in this important quality requirement.

CONCRETE SHRINKAGE & CREEP:

Various investigators have reported that Fly Ashconcretes shrink and crack lessupon aging than doplain concretes particularly when a liquid curingcompound confirming to Australian StandardAS3799-1990 Liquid Membrane-Forming CuringCompounds for Concrete, is applied (in a singlelayer immediately after the final set on the sameday as placement) to all surfaces of the concrete inplace exposed to air.

Also, concretes containing relatively highpercentages of Fly Ash shrink less than those withsmall amounts. With 30% replacement of cementwith Fly Ash, Tuthill reports a 10% reduction indrying shrinkage at one year.

Similar results were obtained by Alexander et alwith regard to creep. Such findings are notunexpected when it is known that a prime factorin creep and shrinkage is the water content of the

freshly mixed concrete and that Abilitys highperformance Fly Ash, preferably together withAbilitys admixture EFFLOREIN Mark 2powder is a most effective aid to water reductionfor a given slump in concrete.

HEAT OF HYDRATION:

As concrete hydrates, heat is generated. This heatassists with the development of concrete strengthbut can cause thermal cracking and disruption inmass concrete (eg raft slabs, dam construction

etc). Concrete can be designed using Fly Ash withsubstantially lower heat of hydration heatgenerated by the secondary hydration reaction willbe about half that of the cement replaced and willoccur later in the curing cycle, further reducingthe early temperature rise. This permits largerplacements and greater speed of construction.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONCRETE

CURING:Some believe that Fly Ash concrete requires moreefficient curing than plain concrete. This is notnecessarily true. However, obtaining the fullstrength and durability potential from anyconcrete mix, regardless of the specificingredients, is always dependent upon proper andadequate curing processes. At low cement levelsin low strength mix designs, plain concrete may beslightly more tolerant of poor curing than Fly Ashconcrete, but poorly cured low strength concreteis seldom satisfactory in performance anyway.

The most critical period for moisture evaporationprevention (continuous curing) of concrete is thefirst three to seven days. Concrete which retainsits optimum amount of mix water during its earlylife, is better able to cope with abuse at later ages.If neglected and allowed to dry out during the

critical early period, concrete cannotreach its fullstrength and durability potential.

In concrete the combination of Abilitys Fly Ashwith EFFLOREIN Mark 2 water reducing,multi-functional admixture, plus the specified andadhered to use of Abilitys Duro-Seel liquid film-forming curing compound are all positive stepstowards the production of more durable concrete.This statement is based on the premise thatvirtually any ethical brand of concrete admixture

that causes a water reduction for a given slump orconsistency, plus the retention of that reducedwater content after finishing within the concrete,is highly beneficial for the durability and serviceconditions required of it when hardened.

TEST FIRST BEFORE ACTUAL USE

TRIALS ARE ESSENTIAL.


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PLEASE DIRECT ALL ENQUIRIES FOR AUSTRALIAN SUPPLY AND EXPORT ORDERS TO:

ABILITY BUILDING CHEMICALS COSUBSIDIARY OF AUSTRALIAN OXIDES PTY LTD

MANUFACTURERS OF THE FINE UV RESISTANT INORGANIC abilox MINERAL OXIDE AND THEBRIGHT AND SEMI-BRIGHT duroRANGES OF COLOURING PIGMENTS, AS WELL AS DISPERSINGAGENTS, ADDITIVES ETC FOR BENEFICIAL USE BY MANY INDUSTRIES THAT INCORPORATEPOWDER MATERIALS INTO THEIR PRODUCTS.

WE ALSO MANUFACTURE, CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES USED TO MODIFY, PROTECT, DECORATEAND IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF ALL GRADES AND CLASSES OF PRE-MIXED CONCRETE,MORTARS AND GYPSUM PLASTERS.

IN ADDITION ABILITY MAKES SPECIALISED, HIGH PERFORMANCE, LONG-LIFE SURFACETREATMENTS, FINISHES, SOLID COLOUR AND TRANSPARENT STAINS, 'CURE AND SEAL' SAME DAYSEALER/CURING COMPOUNDS AND COATINGSFOR ASPHALT OR CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ANDSTRUCTURES, MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND OTHER SIMILAR BUILDING SURFACES.

WAREHOUSE AND OFFICE TEL: (03) 9457 6488PO BOX 391 INTERNATIONAL TEL: 61 3 9457 6488133-135 NORTHERN ROAD FAX: (03) 9458 4683WEST HEIDELBERG INTERNATIONAL FAX: 61 3 9458 4683VICTORIA 3081 AUSTRALIA

CONTACTS: Mr PETER GRAY - ManagerMr MICHAEL TREACY - Production ManagerMr ROBERT BARBER - Managing Director and Technical Manager

PRODUCTS OF EXCELLENCE

ABILITY BUILDING CHEMICALS CO- ACHIEVING BETTER CONCRETE

- ACHIEVING BETTER COATINGS- ACHIEVING BETTER COLOURS

ACTIVE SALES AGENTS AND RESELLERS ARE SOUGHT BY ABILITY IN SOME AREAS OFAUSTRALIA AND OFFSHORE. PLEASE CONTACT US NOW FOR FURTHER DETAILS OF THISEXCELLENT COMMERCIAL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.

BUSINESS MOTIVATION:OUR BUSINESS IS MOTIVATED AND DRIVEN ESSENTIALLY BY CUSTOMER DEMAND ANDTHEIR REQUIREMENTS - NOT SOLELY BY MANAGEMENT POLICY.

PLEASE TAKE CAREFUL NOTE THAT:THIS INFORMATION, PRESENTATION, PRODUCT LABELLING AS WELL AS THE PRODUCTFORMULA AND METHOD(S) OF PRODUCTION ARE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFAUSTRALIAN OXIDES PTY LTD.

PRODUCTS OF EXCELLENCE:ABILITY BUILDING CHEMICALS CO, STRIVES TO PRODUCE USEFUL PRODUCTS THAT LAST(AND LAST) AND WHEN USED INTELLIGENTLY ACCORDING TO OUR RECOMMENDATIONS,WORK DEPENDABLY, ARE USUALLY CAPABLE OF IMPARTING GREAT BEAUTY AND ARE THEBESTOF THEIR KIND.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, DRAFT SPECIFICATIONS AND FURTHERINFORMATION:RECOMMENDATIONS AND 'HOW TO DO IT' ASSISTANCE FOR USING ABILITY PRODUCTS ISALWAYS AVAILABLE. PLEASE FEELFREE TO CONTACT US FOR IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE.

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