MA – ECONOMICS-I-II - jnvuonline.injnvuonline.in/pdf15/Arts/MA-ECONOMICS-I-II-2015-16.pdf ·...
Transcript of MA – ECONOMICS-I-II - jnvuonline.injnvuonline.in/pdf15/Arts/MA-ECONOMICS-I-II-2015-16.pdf ·...
1
Syallbus 2015-16FACULTY OF ARTS, EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES
MASTER OF ARTSGeneral Information for Students
ECONOMICSNew Examination Scheme:Part Total no. Q. Marks each Q. Total MarksA 10 2 20B 5 7 35C 3 15 45
Total 100
The examination for the degree of Master of Arts, education and Social Sciences shallconsist of two parts; (I) the Previous- Examination and (ii) The Final Examination.The examination will be through theory papers practical/viva. Pass marks for theprevious and final examinations are 36% of the aggregate marks in all the theory paperand viva/practical, and not less than 25% marks in the individual theorypaper/Viva/Practical a candidate is required to pass in the written and the practical vivaexaminations separately,Successful candidates will be placed in the following division’s oil the basis of the totalmarks obtained in previous and final examinations taken togetherFirst division 60%, Second division 48% and Third division 36%No student will be permitted to register himself simultaneously for more than one post-graduate course.
ATTENDNCE1. For all regular candidates in the faculties of arts, Education and Social Sciences,
Law, Commerce and engineering, the minimum attendance requirement shallbe that a candidate should have attended at least 75% of the lectures deliveredand tutorials held taken together as well as 75% of practice’s and sessionals fromthe date of his/her admission.
2. Condonation of shortage of attendanceThe shortage of attendance upto the limits specified below may be condoned onvalid reason:i) Upto 6% in each subject plus 5 attendances in all the aggregate of
subjects/papers may be condoned by the vice-chancellor on therecommendation of the Dean/Director/Principal for undergraduatestudents and on the recommendation of the Head of the Department forthe post-graduate classes.
ii) The N.C.C./NSS; Cadets sent our to parades and camps and such studentswho are deputed by the University to take part in games, athletic orcultural activities may,. For purpose of attendance, be treated as presentfor the days of their absence in connection with the aforesaid activitiesand that period shall be added to their subject wise attendance.
Note: 1. the attendance for supplementary students will be counted from hedate of their admission
2 In the Faculty of Engineering the attendance requirement willapply to each semesterHowever, in case of practical’s where examination is not held at
the end of the first semester but at the end of the second semester,attendance will be counted at the end of the second semester takinginto account attendance put in both the semesters (i.e first andsecond )taken together.
2
MEDIUM
Candidates are not allowed to use any medium except Hindi or English for answeringquestion papers.For answering papers in the subjects of English/ Hindi the medium will be correspondingLanguage onlyFor answering question papers in the subject of Sanskrit the candidates are allowed touse Sanskrit, Hindi or English unless specified otherwise.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICSS.No
.Name Designation
QualificationQualification Specialisation
1.
Dr.(Mrs.) Rekha MehtaAssociate
Professor & Head
M.A. M PhilNET,Ph.D
Macro Economics
2.Dr. Madan Mohan
AssociateProfessor
M.A. M. PhilPh. D.
IndustrialEconomics
3Dr. L.L. Salvi
AssistantProfessor
M.A. ,NET,Ph.D.
Econometrics
4Mr. Parvez Ali
AssistantProfessor
M.A. NET Labour Economics
5Dr. Kanta Choudhary
AssistantProfessor
M.A. NETPh.D
Economicdevelopment
6Mrs. Rekha
AssistantProfessor
M.A. NET Labour Economics
7Dr. Jaya Bhandari
AssistantProfessor
M.A. M. PhilPh. D.
IndustrialEconomics
8Dr. Rajni Kant Trivedi
AssistantProfessor
M.A. M. PhilPh. D.
MathematicalEconomics
9Mr.Shravan Raj
AssistantProfessor
M.A. NETSLET
AgricultureEconomics
10Dr. Dev Karan Genwa
AssistantProfessor
M.A. NETSLET Ph. D.
Internationaleconomics
TEACHING AND EXAMINATION CLASSESClass Papers Periods per
weekMaximum
MarksMinimum pas
MarksDuration
hrs1 2 3 4 5
M.A. PREVIOUSCompulsory-4 Papers (Papers I to IV)Paper I : Micro EconomicsPaper II : Micro EconomicsPaper III : Economics of DevelopmentPaper IV : Quantitative Economics
6666
100100100100
25252525
3333
36% in aggregateM.A. FINALCompulsory-3 Papers (Papers V to VII)Paper V : Public FinancePaper VI : International EconomicsPaper VII : Comprehensive EconomicsOptional-Papers of One GroupOptional-GROUPA: AgriculturalEconomics
Paper I
66
66
100100
100100
2525
2525
33
33
3
Paper II
1 2 3 4 5 6GROUP C Industrial EconomicsPaperPaper
III
66
100100
2525
33
GROUP D Labour EconomicsPaperPaper
III
66
100100
2525
33
1 2 3 4 5
GROUP H :Mathematical EconomicsPaper IPaper II
66
100100
2525
33
36% in aggregate
M.A. Economics (Previous) ExaminationPAPER I
MICRO ECONOMIC THEORYUnit 1 : Elasticity of Demand-Price, Cross and income; Elasticity of Supply;
Theories of demand-utility, indifference Curves (income and substitutioneffects-Hicks and slutsky methods)compensated demand curves and theirapplication; Revealed Preference theory, Consumer’s choice involvingrisk, Hicks Version of Demand Theory ; Consumer SurplusREQUIRED READINGSGould and Lazear : Micro Economic Theory, Sixth Edition( Richard D Irwin Inc. Illinois) Ch 2.3.4Joshi, J.M.& Joshi, Rajendra: Ch. 6,7,8,9,&10Koutsoyiannis : Modern Micro Economics Ch.2
Unit 2 : Production Function-Short period and long period; Law of variableproportions and returns to scale; Isoquants-least cost combination ofinputs, Returns to factors; Economics of Scale; Elasticity of substitution;Euler’s theorem; Technical Progress and Production function, Cobb-Douglas Production function, Cost CurvesREQUIRED READINGSGould and Lazear:Chaps 6,7,8,Joshi and Joshi : Chaps. 12,13, 14 and 15Koutsoyiannis : Chaps.3,4,
Unit 3 : Marginal analysis as an approach to Price and output determination,Perfect Competition- Short run and long run equilibrium of the firm andindustry, price and output determination,supply curveMonopoly-Short run and long run equilibrium, price discrimination,.Welfare aspects, Monopoly control and regulation; MonoplistiteCompetition-general and Chamberlain approaches to equilibrium;equilibrium of the firm and the group with product differentiation andselling costs, excess, capacity under monopolistic competition, criticismof monopolistic competition; Oligopoly-Noncollusive (Cournot,Bertrand, Edgeworth, Chemberlin, Kinked demand curve andStackelberg’s Solution) and collusive models; bilateral monopolyREQUIRED READINGSGould and Lazear: Chaps. 9.10,12,13
4
Joshi & Joshi : Chaps 11,17,18.19.20Koutsoyiannis,: Chaps. 9,10
Unit 4 : Boumol’S Sales revenue maximization model; Williamson’s model ofmanagerial discretion; Marris’s model of managerial enterprise: Factorprice and employment determination under Competitive and imperfectlycompetitive marketsREQUIRED READINGSGould and Lazear: Chaps. 14,15Joshi & Joshi : Chaps 22,23Koutsoyiannis,: Chaps. 15,16,17,21
Unit 5 : Theory of General equilibrium: General Equilibrium of Exchange,.General Equilibrium of Exchange and Production; General Equilibriumin a two good economy, Walras’s Law. Welfare economics: Paretooptimality, conditions for maximum welfare; New Welfare Economics;social welfare function. Theory of the second best and compensationcriteris;REQUIRED READINGSGould and Lazear: Chaps. 16,17Joshi & Joshi : Chaps 27Koutsoyiannis,: Chaps. 22,23
RECOMMENDED READINGSHicks, J.R. : Vaule and CapitalFriedman Milton : Price TheoryChamberlin : Theory of Monopolistic CompetitionLeftwich ; The Price System and Resource AllocationBoumoul : Economic Theory and Operational AnalysisBilas, R.A. : Micro Economic Theory
iz’u iz= & 1
O;f"V vkfFkZd fl)kar
bdkbZ &1 ekax dks yksp&dher] frjNh ,oa vk; yksp] iwfrZ dh yksp] ekax ds
fl)kaUr&mi;ksfxrk] mnklhurk oØ ¼vk; ,oa izfrLFkkiUu izHkko&fgDl vkSj
LyV~Ldh fof/k½] {kfriwjd ekax oØ ,oa mldk iz;ksx] izdV vf/keku fl)kUr]
miHkksDrkvksa dh :fp tksf[ke mBkus lfgr] fgDl dk ekax fl)kUr] miHkksDrk dh
cpr
bdkbZ & 2 mRiknu Qyu&vYidky vkSj nh?kZdky] ifjorZu’khy vuqikrksa dk fu;e vkSj
iSekus ds izfrQy] memRikn oØ&vnkvksa dk U;wure ykxr la;ksx] lk/kuksa ds
izfrQy] iSekus dh cprsa] izfrLFkkiukiurk dh yksp] ;wyj izes;] rdfudh fodkl
¼izxfr½ vkSj mRiknu Qyu] dkWc&Mxyl mRiknu Qyu] ykxr oØ
bdkbZ & 3 dher vkSj mRiknu dk fu/kkZj.k dk flekUr fo’ys".k n`f"Vdks.k] iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk
QeZ vkSj m|ksx ds vYidky vkSj nh?kZdkyhu larqyu dher vkSj mRiknu
5
fu/kkZj.k] iwfrZoØ ,dkf/kdkjh&vYidkyhu ,oa nh?kZdkyhu lUrqyu] dher foHksn]
dY;k.kdkjh n`f"Vdks.k] ,dkf/kdkjh fu;U=.k vkSj fu;eu] ,dkf/kdkjkRed
izfr;ksfxrk&lkekU; ,oa pSEcjysu }kjk izfrikfnr lUrqyu] QeZ ,oa leqg lUrqyu
mRikn foHksnhdj.k ,oa fodz; ykxrksa ds lUnHkZ esa] ,dkf/kdkjkRed izfr;ksfxrk esa
vfrfjDr {kerk] ,dkf/kdkjkRed izfr;ksfxrk dh vkykspuk,a] vYikf/kdkj&xSj
le>kSrk ¼Øwuks] cVsZ.M] ,tca/k] pSEcjysu fodq phr½ ekax oØ vkSj LVsDdsycxZ
lek/kku vkSj le>kSrk ekaMy f};kf/kdkj
bdkbZ &4 ckWeky dk fodz; vf/kdre ekWMy] fofy;elu dk izcU/k foosdk/khu ekWMy]
izcU/kdh; m|eksa dk ekfjl ekWMy] iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk ,oa viw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk cktkjksa
esa lk/kku dh dher ,oa jkstkxkj fu/kkZj.k
bdkbZ&5 lk/kkj.k lkE; dk fl)kUr % fofue; dk lk/kkj.k lkE;] fofue; ,oa mRiknu dk
lkekU; lkE;] nks oLrq vFkZO;oLFkk esa lkekU; lkE;] cyjkl ds fu;e]
dY;k.kdkjh vFkZ’kkL=] isjsUVks vuqdwyrerk] vf/kdre dY;k.k dh ’krsZa] uo
dY;k.kdkjh vFkZ’kkL=] lkekftd dY;k.k Qyu] f}rh; Js"Brk dk fl)kUr vkSj
{kfriwfrZ dlkSfV;ka
PAPER IIMACROECONOMICS
Unit 1 : General Macro Economics Concepts-Equilibrium, Exogenous andEndogenous variables, Stock and Flow. Concept of GNP: Its variouscomponents, Different forms of National income accounting- Socialaccounting, Input-output accounting, Flow of Funds accounting andBalance of Payments accountingClassical Macro EconomicsREQUIRED READINGSAckley, G.: Macro Economic Theory and Policy, 1987 chs 1,2,3,4,5Demburg, T.F. and Mc Dougall, D.M. : Macro Economics 5/e, 1997 Chs2&3N. Gregory Mankiw: Macro Economics, 5/e, 2006, (Herein after referredas text) chs. 2&3
Unit 2 : Keyne’s Macro Economics, supply side Economics, IS and LMframework, _ Derivition of IS and LM Curve, Equilibrium in the Goodsand Money market, Mundell-Fleming Model, Asset Markes Expectationsand exchnge rates, The Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand.REQUIRED READINGSTex Chs 10.11.12 and 13Dornbusch, Ficher and Startz ; Macro Economics, 9/e, 2005 Chs. 5,10,`12Rosalind, Leavcic and Rebmann : Macro Economics _ An Introduction to
6
Keynesian –Neo Classical Controversies 2/e, reprint 1991, Chs. 2,3,,10Unit 3 : Consumption Function : Keynes Psychological law of Consumption, short
run and long-run consumption function; Income–consumption relationship-Absolute Income, Relative Income, Life Cycle and Permanent incomeHypothesis, Investment Function-Marginal efficiency of investment andlevel of investment; Marginal efficiency of Capital and investment; Theaccelerator theory of Investment; The impact of inflation.REQUIRED READINGSTex Chs. 16 & 17Dornbusch, Ficher and Startz ; Chs,13 &14
Unit 4: Demand for Money : Keyne’s liquidity Preference approach, post-Keynesian apporaches to demand for money; Patinkin and the RealBalance effect, Approaches of Baumol and Tobin; Friendman and themodern quantity theory; Crisis in Keynesian economics and the revival ofmoneatrism Supply of Money; Financial intermediation a mechanisticmodel of bank deposit determination – A behavioral Model of moneysupply determination, a demand determined money supply, Process, RBIapproach to money supply; High powered money and money multiplier;budget deficits and money supply; money supply and open economy;control of money supply. Theory of Inflation- classical, Keynesian andMonetarist approaches to inflation structuralize theory of inflation; Philipscurve- short run and long run philips curve; Samuelson and Solow- thenatural rate of unemployment hypothesis; Tobin’s modified Philips Curve;Adaptive expectations and rational expectations; Policies to Controlinflation;REQUIRED READINGSTex Chs, 13 &18Rosalind, Levacic and Rebmann: Chs 8,9, and 18Gupta G.S. : Macro Economics- Theory and Applications, 2001 Chp.4
Unit 5 : Business Cycles : Theories of Schumpeter, Kaldor Samuelson and Hicks,Real Business cycle theory and Godwin’s Model; Control of BusinessCycles- relative efficency of Monetary and Fiscal policy.New classical Macro Economics : The new classical critique of MicroFoundation, the New classical approachREQUIRED READINGSTex Chp. 19Dornbusch, Ficher and Startz : Chp. 20Hicks, J.R. (1950): A contribution to the theory of Trade cycle.Lucas, R. : Studies in Business Cycle Theory, 1981RECOMMENDED READINGSTaigan, R.L. : Readings In Money, National income and StabilizationPolicyTurnovsky, S. I. : Macro Economic Analysis and stabilization PolicyHeijdra, B.J. andj Derploege, F.: Founations of Modern Macro EconomicsFriedman, M. : The theory of Consumption FunctionMankiw, N.G. and D. Romer (eds)(1991) New Keynesian Economics
7
lef"V vFkZ'kkL= ,e-,- ¼iwokZ)½isij II
bdkbZ 1 % lkekU; vFkZ'kkL=h; /kkj.kk;sa& lkE;] vUrtZr vkSj cfgtZr pj] LdU/kvkSj izokg pjA ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn /kkj.kk;sa %& muds fofHkUu?kVd] jk"Vªh; vk; ys[ks ds fofHkUu :i & lkekftd ys[kkadu]vknku&mRiknu ys[kkadu] fuf/k;ksa dk izokg ys[kkadu] Hkqxrku 'ks"kys[kkaduA izfrf"Br lef"V vFkZ'kkL=A
bdkbZ 2 % dsUl dk lef"V vFkZ'kkL=] iwfrZ i{k vFkZ'kkL+=] IS vkSj LM :ijs[kk& IS vkSj LM dh mRifÙk] oLrq vkSj eqnzk cktkj esa lkE;] eq.Msy &¶ySfeax ekWMy] ifjlEifÙk cktkj vk'kalk,¡ vkSj fofue; nj] dqy iwfrZvkSj dqy ekax QyuA
bdkbZ 3 % miHkksx Qyu] dsUt dk miHkksx dk euksoSKkfud fu;e] vYi dkyvkSj nh?kZdky miHkksx Qyu] vk;&miHkksx laca/k & fujis{k vk;ifjdYiuk] lkis{k vk; ifjdYiuk] thou pØ vkSj LFkk;h vk;ifjdYiukAfuos'k Qyu % fuos'k dh lhekUr dk;Zdq'kyrk vkSj fuos'k dk Lrj;iwath dh lhekUr dk;Zdq'kyrk vkSj fuos'k] vYidky vkSj nh?kZdky;fuos'k dk Rojd fl)kUr; eqnzkLQhfr dk izHkkoA
bdkbZ 4 % eqnzk dh ek¡x % dsUt dk rjyrk vf/keku fl)kUr] eqnzk dh ek¡x dsmÙkj dsUth; er; iSfVadu vkSj okLrfod 'ks"k izHkko] ckWeksy dk er]tsEl Vksfcu dk er] fÝMeSu vkSj vk/kqfud ifjek.k fl)kUr; dsUth;vFkZ'kkL= esa ladV rFkk eqnzkokn dk iqu% mRFkku] eqnzk dh iwfrZ %foÙkh; e/;orhZ cSad tek fu/kkZj.k dk ;kaf=d ekWMy & eqnzk iwfrZfu/kkZj.k dk O;ogkjoknh ekWMy] ek¡x fu/kkfjr eqnzk iwfrZ izfØ;k] eqnzkiwfrZ dh fjtoZ cSad ifjHkk"kk] mPp 'kfDr;qDr eqnzk vkSj eqnzk iwfrZxq.kd; ctV ?kkVs vkSj eqznk dh iwfrZ; eqnzk iwfrZ vkSj [kqyhvFkZ&O;OkLFkk; eqnzk iwfrZ ij fu;a=.kA LQhfr dk fl)kUr & izfrf"Br]dsUl vkSj eqnzkoknh er] LQhfr dk lajpukRed fl)kUr; fQfyIl oØ& vYi dky vkSj nh?kZdky fQfyIl oØ; lSE;qylu vkSj lksyks &csjkstxkjh dh izkd`frd nj ifjdYiuk; Vksfcu dk la'kksf/kr fQfyIloØ; vuqdwfyr izR;k'kk vkSj foosdiw.kZ izR;k'kk; LQhfr dks jksdus dhuhfr;k¡A
bdkbZ 5 O;kikj pdz % 'k`EihVj] dkYMj] lsE;qylu vkSj fgDl dk O;kikjpdz( okLrfod O;kikj pdz vkSj xqMfou dk ekWMy( O;kikj pdzdk fu;a=.k&ekSfnzd ,oa jktdks"kh; uhfr dh lkisf{krizHkkodkfjrk]uo&izfrf"Br lef"V vFkZ’kkL= % lef"V LFkkiuk dh uo
izfrf"Br vkykspuk] uo&izfrf"Br izLrko
8
M.A. PrePaper III
PAPER IIIECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT
Unit 1 : The Development Gap and Income Distribution; Per capita Income as andindex of Development; measuring Poverty; Tackling Poverty. HumanPoverty Index and Human Development IndexCharacteristics of Underdevelopment; Stages of Development andStructural Change, Rostow’s Stages of Growth, Industrialization andGrowth, Kaldor’s Laws of Growth.REQUIRED READINGSThirlwall, A.F. (2004)- Growth & Development, Wiled Palgrave McMillanChs 1.2.3Todaro, M.P. Smith, S.C. (2004)-Economic Development (8th ed)PearsonEducation LPE Cha 2,4
Unit 2 : Classical Growth Theory, Schumpeter’s Unstable Growth Theory, Harrod& Domer Growth Models, Neoclassical Growth Theory, Solow’s Model ofGrowth, Production Funtion Approach to the Analysis of Growth, New(Endogenous) Growth Theory and the Macro determinants of Growth,Romer’s Model of Economic GrowthREQUIRED READINGSThirlwall, Cha 4 ; Todaro Cha, 4,5
Unit 3 : Land: Role of Agriculture, Organization of Agriculture and Land Reforms,Supply Response of Agriculture, Transforming Traditional Agriculture,Interdependence of Agriculture and Industry, Economic Development withUnlimited Supplies of Labour, Rural/Urban Migration and UrbanUnemployment,Disguised Unemloyment Incentives and Costs of Labour Transfer:Role of Capital, Capital/output Ratio, Technical progress, Capital-LabourSaving Technical progress, Technological Progress in Societies,Investment in Human Capital-Education, Women’s Education,Infrastructure InvestmentFinancial Systems and Economic Development, Monetization and MoneyMarket Integration, Developing Banking System, Special DevelopmentBanks and Micro Credit Financial Intermediaries, Fiscal Policy andTaxation, Inflation, Saving and Growth; Kaynesian approach to FinancingDevelopment, Reconciliation of Prior Saving and Forced SavingApproach, Quantity Theory approach, Non-inflationary Financing ofInvestment, Inflation and GrowthREQUIRED READINGSThirlwall, Cha 5,6,4, Todaro, Cha 10.9.
Unit. 4: Dualism, Cumulative Causation, Regional Inequalities InternationalInequalities and Center-Periphery Models, Prebisch Model, Seers Model,Export Growth Model of Regional Growth Rate Differences; Theories of
9
Dependence and Unequal Exchange;The World population , Determinants of Fertility, Costs and Benefits ofPopulation Growth, Enkey’s Work, Simon’s Challenge; The OptimumPopulation, Model of Low Level Equilibrium Trap. The Critical MinimumEffort Thesis;Environment and Economic Activity, Market based Approach toEnvironmental Analysis; Externalities; Common Property Resources,Harvesting Renewable Resources, Non-renewable Resources, MeasuringEnvironmental Values, Risk and Uncertainty, Economic Growth andEnvironment , Sustainable Development; Natural Capital and Equity.REQUIRED READINGSThirlwall, Cha 7,8,11,Todaro,Cha 7,11
Unit : 5 The Market Mechanism and Market Failures, Role of the State,Development Plans, Policy Models, Projection Models, Allocation toIndustry versus Agriculture, The Comparative Cost Doctrine, PresentVersus Future Consumption, Choice of Techniques, Balanced versusUnbalanced Growth, Investment Criteria, Project Choice and the SocialWelfare Function.Project Appraisal; Financial Appraisal, Economic Appraisal, Divergencebetween Market Prices and Social Values, Economic Prices for Goods,Nontraded Goods and Conversion Factor, Traded Goods, Shadow Pricesfor Factors of Production, Social Rate of Discount, social Cost ofInvestment Shadow Wage Rates, Examination of Change in Consumptionin Industry and Agriculture, Valuaton of Production foregone and theincrease in consumption; Social Appraisal.Capital Intensity of Techniques in Developing Countries, Conflict betweenEmployment, Output and Employment & Saving in the Choice ofTechniques, Aggregative Implications of Factor Substitution Wages andthe Capital Intensity of production, Different Classes, Propensity toConsume, Support of Unemployment, Distinction between Consumptionand Investment, Taxes and Subsidies;RECOMMENDED READINGSThirlwall, Chs 9.10,12,Todaro, Chs.6RECOMMENDED ReadingsMeier, G.M. and Rauch,J.E (2006)- Leading Issues in EconomicDevelopment, Eighth edition, Oxford University Press, New DelhiBarrow, R. and Sala-I-Mirtin, X (2007)- Economic Growth, New York,McGraw HillCharles, Janes, Economic GrowthMishan, E.J.-Cost Benefit Analysis, Allen and Unwin, LondonAdelman, L-Theories of Economic Growth and Development, StanfordUniversity Press, StanfordBehrman, S. and Srinivasan, T.N.-Handbook of Development Economics.Vol. 3, Elsevier, AmsterdamChenery H.B-and Srinivasan T,N.-Handbook of Development EconomicsVol.1&2 Eisevier, AmistedamHyami, Y.-Development Economics Oxford University Press, New YorkSen, A.K.(Ed)- Growth Economics, Penguin, HarmondsworthSolo. R.M.-Growth Theory : An Exposition, Oxford University PressOxfordSchumpeter, J.A-Theory of Economic Development, Harvard Universitypress, Cambridge, MassTodaro, M.P-Development Planning : Models and Methods, Oxford
10
University Press, OxfordGupta, S.B-Monetary Economics : Institutions, Theory and Policy, S,Chand and Co. New DelhiMehrotra, S., Richard, J.,Development with a Human Face, OxfordUniversity Press New Delhi.
,e-,- iwokZ)isij III
fodkl dk vFkZ'kkL=
bdkbZ 1 % fodkl varjky ,oa vk; forj.k % izfr O;fDr vk; fodkl lwpdkad
ds :i esa; xjhch dk eki % xjhch ds mik; ; ekuo xjhch lwpdkad
,oa ekuo fodkl lwpdkad
vYifodkl ds y{k.k % fodkl dh voLFkk,a vkSj lajpukRed
ifjorZu] jksLVkso dh fodkl voLFkk,a] vkS|ksfxdj.k ,oa o`f)] dSyMksj
ds o`f) fu;eA
vfuok;Z iBu FkyZokWy] ,-,Q- ¼2009½] o`f) vkSj fodkl] foysikWy
xszo esdfeyu v/;k; 1] 2] 3
VksMs jks] ,e-ih- fLeFk] ,l-lh-2009] vkfFkZd fodkl fi;Zlu ,tqds'ku
,yihbZ v/;k; 2] 4
bdkbZ 2 % 'kkL=h; o`f) fl)kar] 'kqEihVj dk vfLFkj o`f) fl)kar] gSjksM ,oa
Mksej dk o`f) izk:i] uo&'kkL=h; o`f) fl)kUr] lksyks dk o`f)
fl)kar] o`f) fo'ys"k.k esa mRiknu Qyu iz;kl] u;k ¼vUr% izo`fr½
o`f) fl)kar ,oa o`f) ds lexz fu/kkZjd] jksej dk vkfFkZd o`f)
fl)kUr
vfuok;Z iBuFkyZ okWy] v/;k; 4VksMs jks] v/;k; 4] 5
bdkbZ 3 % Hkwfe % d`f"k dh Hkwfedk] d`f"k dk laxBu ,oa Hkwfe lq/kkj] d`f"k dk iwfrZ
laosnu] ijEijkxr df"k dk :ikeUrj.k] d`f"k ,oa m|ksx dh
11
vUrj&fuHkZjrk] vkfFkZd fodkl ds lkFk Je dh vlhfer iwfrZ]
xzkeh.k@'kgjh izoztu ,oa 'kgjh csjkstxkjh] Nn~e csjkstxkjh] Je
ifjorZu ds izsjd ,oa ykxrsa] iwath dh Hkwfedk] iwath@mRikn vuqikr]
rduhdh fodkl] iwath@Je cpr rduhdh fodkl] lekt esa
rduhdh fodkl] ekuo iwath esa fuos'k & f'k{kk] L=h f'k{kk] v|%iwath
fuos'k
foÙkh; O;oLFkk ,oa vkfFkZd fodkl % ekSnzhdj.k ,oa eqnzk cktkj
leUo;] cSfdax O;oLFkk dk fodkl] fo'ks"k fodkl cSad ,oa O;f"V _.k
foÙkh; laLFkk,a] jktdks"kh; uhfr ,oa djkjksi.k] eqnzkLQhfr] cpr ,oa
o`f)] foÙkh; fodkl ds izfr dsUt ds mik;] iwoZ cpr ,oa cykr~
cpr iz;kl ds chp lkeatL;] ifjek.k fl)kar iz;kl] voLQhfrdkjh
foÙkh; fuos'k] LQhfr ,oa o`f)A
vfuok;Z iBu
FkyZ oky] v/;k; 5] 6 14
VksMsjks v/;k; 10] 9
bdkbZ 4 % }Sr] lap;h dkjdRo] {ks=h; vlekurk,a] vUrjkZ"Vªh; vlekurk,a ,oa
dsUnz ifjf/k izk:i] izsfc'k izk:i] fl;lZ izk:i] {ks=h; fodkl nj
vUrjky ds fu;kZr izk:i] fuHkZjrk ,oa vleku gLrkagj.k ds fl)kar]
fo'o tula[;k] tula[;k o`f) ds fu/kkZjd] tula[;k o`f) ds ykxr
,oa ykHk] ,Udh ds dk;Z] lkbeu dh pqukSrh] vuqdwyre tula[;k]
fuEu Lrj vk; larqyu izk:i] Økarhd U;wure iz;kl dk fl)kar
i;kZoj.k ,oa vkfFkZd fØ;k % i;kZoj.k fo'ys"k.k ds izfr cktkj
vk/kkfjr iz;kl] cká cprsa] yksd laifÙk lalk/ku] uodj.kh; lalk/ku
la/kku] vuodj.kh; lalk/ku] i;kZoj.kh; ewY;ksa dk ekiu] tksf[ke ,oa
vfuf'prrk,¡] vkfFkZd o`f) ,oa i;kZoj.k] la/kkj.kh; fodkl] izkd`frd
iwath ,oa va'k iwathA
vfuok;Z iBu v/;k; 7] 8] 11
VksMs jks] v/;k; 7] 11
12
bdkbZ 5 % cktkj ra= ,oa cktkj vlQyrk,a] jkT; dh Hkwfedk] fodkl ;kstuk,a]
uhfr izk:i] vxzs"k.k izk:i] m|ksx@d`f"k esa forj.k] rqyukRed ykxr
fl)kar] orZeku@Hkfo"; miHkksx] rduhd dk pquko] larqfyr ,oa
vlarqfyr fodkl] fuos'k vf/keku] iz;kstuk vf/keku ,oa lekt
dY;k.k fØ;k
iz;kstuk ewY;kadu % foÙkh; ewY;kadu] vkfFkZd ewY;kadu] cktkj dher
,oa lkekftd dherksa esa vUrjky] oLrqvksa dh vkfFkZd dhersa]
vfoi.kh; oLrq,a ,oa laj{k.k rRo] foi.kh; oLrq,a] mRiknu lk/kuksa ds
Nk;k ewY;] lkekftd dVkSrh nj] fuos'k dh lkekftd ykxrsa] Nk;k
etnwjh njsa] m|ksx ,oa d`f"k esa miHkksx laca/kh ifjorZuksa dk ijh{k.k]
miHkksx esa o`f) ,oa miHkksx ifjR;kx dk ewY;kadu] lkekftd
ewY;kadu
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa rduhdh dh iwath l?kurk] rduhdh ds fu/kkZj.k
esa jkstxkj ,oa mRiknu] jkstxkj ,oa cpr vkfn esa fojks/kkHkkl] lk/ku
izfrLikiu ds lexz izHkko] mRiknu esa etnwjh ,oa iwath l?kurk]
i`Fkd oxZ] miHkksx izo`fr] csjkstxkjh dk leFkZu] miHkksx ,oa fuos'k esa
vUrj] dj ,oa vuqnku
vfuok;Z iBu FkyZokWy] v/;k;] 9] 10] 12
VksM jks v/;k; 16
vuq'kaflr iBu
ek;j th-,e- ,oa jkÅp] th-bZ- ¼2006½ fyMhax bZlwt bu bdksukfed
fMosyiesaV] vkBoka izdk'ku] vkDlQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl] ubZ fnYyhA
cSjks] vkj ,oa lkyk bZ- ekfVZu] ,Dl ¼2007½ bdksuksfed xzksFk] U;w;kdZ]
esdxzks fgy pkYlZ] ftUl] bdksuksfed xzksFk
,Myesu] ,y] fFkvjht vkQQ bdksuksfed xzksFk ,.M fMosyiesaV]
LVsuQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl] LVsuQksMZ
csgjeu ,l- ,oa Jh fuoklu Vh-,u- gS.M cqd vkWQ fMosyiesaV
bZdksuksfeDl okayq;e Fkzh] ,Ylok;j] ,DlVMZe
áeh] okbZ- fMosyiesaV bdksuksfeDl vks-;w-ih-] U;w;kdZ
13
lsu ,-ds- ¼izdkf'kr½ xzksFk bdksuksfeDl] isxqabu] gkeksZul oFkZ
lksyks-vkj-,e- xzksFk fFkvjh % ,u ,Dliksft'ku] vks-;w-ih- vkDlQksMZ
'kqEihVj] ts-,- fFkvjh vkWQ bdksukseh fMoysiesaV] ,p-;w-ih- dsfEczt]
ekl
VksMs jks ,e-ih- fMoyiesaV Iykfuax % ekWMy ,.M esFkMl] vks-;w-ih-]
fnYyh
esgjks=k ,l- fjpMZ ts fMosyiesaV foFk , áweu Qsl vks-;w-ih-] ubZ
fnYyh
PAPER IVQUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR ECONOMICS
PART I : ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICSUnit I : Co-ordinate geometry : Rectangular and Polar Coordinates, Straight Line
Equations and Graphs of Parabola and Graphs of HyperbolaLiner Simultaneous Equations, Quadratic Equations, Determinants: BasicOperations and applications Matrices: Basic Properties, Elementaryoperations, adjoints, inversions; Simple Input output Systems,. Solution ofLinear Equations through matrix inversion and determinants (Cramer’sRule)Linear Programming-Basic Concepts. Solution of Linear Programmingthrough graphical and Simplex Methods (Maximization Problem)
Unit 2 : Elementary differential calculas : Meaning, Geometrical Interpretation,Standard results and Formulae, Derivatives of higher order, functions oftwo or more variable, Partial differentiation, Total Differential, MaximaMinima Points of Inflexion, Difference equation-First and Second orderElementary IntegrationREQUIRED READINGSDavid Huang : Introduction to the use of Mathematics in EconomicAnalysisParry Lewis : Mathematics for Students of EconomicsMehta&Madnanai : Mathematics for Economics, Part IChiang, A.C. : Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics.
PART II: STATISTICSUnit 3 : Measures of Dispersion-standard Deviation, Skewness, and Correlation:
Karlperson and spearman’s Rank. Regression: Concept of the least squaresand the lines of regression, The standard error of estimates, Index Numbersand Time Series Analysis
Unit 4 : Elementary Theory of Probability: Definition, marginal and ConditionalProbability, Addition and multiplication Theorems, Baye’s Theorem,Density functions; expectations, Moments and moment generatingfunctions. Theoretical distribution: normal distribution, PoissonDistribution, Binomial distribution
Unit 5 : Elementary Sampling Theory, Sampling distribution of mean, Estimation:Point estimation and interval estimation, Properties of a goad linearestimator (without Proof)Test of Hypothesis’s Large sample test; Mean and difference of Means,
14
small sample tests, chi-square, ‘t’ and ‘F’ TestREQUIRED READINGSCroxton, Cowdon and Klein : Applied General StatisticsRECOMMENDED READINGSAllen, R.G.D: Mathematical Analysis for Economics : An ElementarysurveyTaro Yammance : StatisticsArchibald and Lisey : An Introduction to Mathematical EconomicsWaugh : Elements of Statistics (H.E)Ellhance, D.N. : Fundamentals of Statistics (HE), Sankhyiki ke Mool Tatva(H)Umarji, R.R. Probability and Statistic MethodsMills, J. : Statistical MethodsHeel, H, el. P.P. Introduction of Mathematical Statistics
isij IV
vFkZ'kkL= ds fy, ek=kRed fof/k;ka
Hkkx I % izkjfEHkd xf.kr
bdkbZ&I % js[kkxf.krh; fuiq.krk % jsDVuxqyj ,oa iksyj js[kkxf.kr] lh/kh
js[kk lehdj.k ,oa ikjkcksyk xzkQ ,oa gk;ijcksyk xzkQ js[kh;
lqxir lehdj.ksa] EokMªkfVd lehdj.ks] lkjf.kd % ewy O;qRifÙk
,oa iz;ksx] eSfVªDl % ewy fo'ks'krk,¡] izkjfEHkd O;qRifÙk]
,Mtksb.V] bUolZ % ljy vkxr & fuxZr i)fr] js[kh;
lehdj.kksa dk gy & eSfVªdl bUolZ ,oa lkfj.kd ¼Øsej
fu;e½ }kjkA
bdkbZ&II % izkjfEHkd vodyu x.kuk % vFkZ] js[kkxf.krh; O;k[;k] LVs.MMZ
ifj.kke ,oa QkWewys] mPp Øe ds vodyu] nks vkSj vf/kd pjksa
dh fuHkZjrk] vkaf'kd vodyu] dqy vodyu] vf/kdrek]
U;wurek] LQhfr dk fcUnq] vUrj lehdj.k & izFke ,oa f}rh;
Øe] izkjfEHkd lekdyuA
bdkbZ&III % vifdj.k ds eki % izeki fopyu] fo"kerk lglEcU/k; dkyZ
fi;Zlu ,oa Lih;jeSu Øe] izrhixeu % U;wure oxZ dh
vo/kkj.kk ,oa izrhixeu js[kk] vkdyu dh izeki =qfV]
lwpdkad ,oa dkyJs.kh fo'ys"k.k
15
bdkbZ&IV % izkFkfedrk dk izkjfEHkd fl)kUr % ifjHkk"kk] lhekUr ,oa
lizfrcU/k izkFkfedrk] tksM+ ,oa xq.kk fu;e] cst iz;se] ?kuRo
Qyu % izR;k'kk] vk/kw.kZ ,oa vk/kw.kZ mRifÙk Qyu] lS)kfUrd
forj.k % izlkekU; forj.k] O;klka forj.k] f)in forj.k
bdkbZ&V % izkjfEHkd izfrp;u fl)kUr % ek/; dk izfrp;u forj.k
vkdyu % fcUnq vkdyu ,oa vUrjky vkdyu; ,d vPNs
js[kh; vkdyd dh fo'ks"krk,a ¼fcuk fl) fd;s½
ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k] cMs+ izfrn'kZ ijh{k.k; ek/; ,oa ek/;ksa dk
vUrj] y?kq izfrn'kZ ijh{k.k] dkbZ oxZ] t ,oa F ijh{k.k
16
M.A. Economics (Final) Examination
New Examination Scheme:Part Total no. Q. Marks each Q. Total MarksA 10 2 20B 5 7 35C 3 15 45
Total 100
.
COMPULSORY PAPERS(Three Papers) V, VI, VII
M.A. FINAL ECONOMICSPAPER V
PUBLIC FINANCE
UNIT 1 Introduction: Normative Approach to Public Finance—The Theory ofOptimum Budget.Role of Government in Economic Development; Private goods, Publicgoods and Merit goods; Market Failure – imperfections, decreasing costsand externalities.
REQUIRED READINGSMusgrave, R.A. 1959: “The Theory of Public Finance”, McGraw Hill,Chaps.1 & 2Herber, B.P. 2004 “Modern Public Finance”, (Fifth Edition): Richard, D.Irwin,Chaps. 1,2 & 5Browning E.K. and Browning J.M. 2004: “Public Finance and the PriceSystem”, Pearson Education,Chaps 2Bagchi, Amaresh.2005 : “Readings in Public Finance”; OxfordUniversity Press,Chaps 4,5,6,7 & 9
UNIT 2 Taxation: Theory of incidence, Alternative Concepts of incidence,Principles of Taxation—Benefit appraoch (The Lindhal and BowenModel), Ability to pay approach (subjective and objective approach,Musgrave and Samuelsons’s solution). Theory of optimal taxation.Excess Tax Burden, Theory of measurement of dead weight losses.
REQUIRED READINGSMusgrave,R.A., and Musgrave, P.B.1989(Fifth edition): “Public Financein Theory and Practice”, McGraw-HillChaps 14,.15,16 & 17Musgrave R.A. : Chaps.4,5, & 7
17
Herber, B.P. : Chaps. 5,6,7Bagehi A.: Chaps 11,12,13,14
UINIT 3 Public Expenditure and Public Debt -Wagner’s law of increasing state activities ; Wiseman Peacockhypothesis, Pure theory of public expenditure; Structure and growth ofpublic expenditure; Reforms in expenditure budgeting; programmebudgeting and zero base budgeting.Classical view of public debt; Compensatory aspect of debt policy;Burden of public debt; Sources of public debt; Debt through createdmoney; Principles of debt management and repayment
REQUIRED READINGSMusgrave R.A.; Chaps. 23,24Musgrave R.A & Musgrave P.B.: Chaps. 8.9.& 32Herber, B.P.: Chaps. 4, 22
UNIT 4 Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Federalism :Objectives of fiscal policy—full employment, anti inflation, economicgrowth, redistribution of income and wealth; Interdependence of fiscaland monetary policies; Budgetary deficits and its implications; Fiscalpolicy for stabilization—automatic vs. discretionary stabilization,Balanced budget multiplier. Fiscal Federalism : Finance Commission.Devolution of resources and grants; Resource transfer from union tostates—Criteria for transfer of resources; Centre—States financialrelations in India; Problems of State’s resources from Union and States tolocal bodies.
REQUIRED READINGSHerber B.P. : Chaps. 20,21Bagchi, A : Chaps. 16,19,20,21,22,23Browning E.K. & Browning J.M.: Chap.8Govt. of India: Reports of Various Finance CommissionMusgrave R.A.: Chaps 17,18, 20
UNIT 5 Indian Public Finances : Indian tax system ; Revenue of the Union, Statesand Local bodies; Major taxes in India ; Base of taxes, direct and indirecttaxes, Reforms in direct and indirect taxes, Taxes on services; Non-taxrevenue of Centre, State and Local bodies.Trends in Public Expenditure and Public Debt, Fiscal Crisis and FiscalSector Reforms in India.
REQUIRED READINGSDutt and Sundram (Latest edition): “Indian Economy”, S.Chand & Co.,New Delhi.Kaushik Basu, eds (2007) : Economics in India – OUP, New Delhi.Govt. of India, Ministry of Finance: Indian Public Finance statisticsGovt. of India, Ministry of Finance: Raja J. Challiah Committee ReportGovt. of India, Ministry of Finance: Kelkar Committee ReportRBI Bulletins : Various IssuesEconomic and Political Weekly : Various IssuesMusgrave, R.A.: The Theory of Public Finance, McGraw HillHerber, B.P: Modern Public Finance
18
Cornes, R and T. Sandler(1986) The Theory of Externalities, PublicGoods and Club Goods, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeDulf, L.(1997) : Government and Market, Orient Longman, New DelhiBird, R. and O. Olodman(1967) : Reading in Taxation in DevelopingCountries, John Hopkings University Press, BoltimoreCutt, J(1969) : Taxation and Economic Development in India, Fridrick APralger Publisher, New YorkChelliah, Raja J (1971):Fiscal Policy in Under-developed Countries,George Allen and Unwin, LondonStigliz, Joseph.E (2000) : Economics of Public Sector, Norton.RECOMMENDED READINGSKaul. I. & Conceicao (Eds)2006: “The New Public Finance”, OxfordUniversity Press, New York.Mishan, E.J.(1982): Cost Benefit Analysis: An Informal Introduction,George Allen and Unwin, LondonPhyrr, P(1970): Zero Base Budgeting : A Practical Management TourTool for Evaluating Expenses, John Weiley, New York.Sahni, B.S.(Ed)(1972) : Public Expenditure Analysis : Selected Readings,Rotherdam, University Press.Barman, K (1986) : Public Debt Management in India Uppal PublishingHouse, New DelhiPeacock, A and G.K. Shaw (1976) : The Economic Theory of FiscalPolicy, George Allen and Unwin , LondonChelliah, Raja, J et. Al. (1981): Trends and Issues in India, FederalFinance, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New DelhiChalliah, R.J.(Ed) (1997): Towards Sustainable Growth, OxfordUniversity Press, New DelhiJha Raghbendra 1989: Modern Theory of Public Finance, Wiley EasternLtd., New DelhiDutt, R (ed) (2001) : Second Generation Economic Reforms in IndiaDeep & Deep Publication, New DelhiGovernment of India: Reports of the Tax Reforms Committee Interim andFinal (Chairman:Raja J. Chelliah )Tyagi B.P.: Public Fiance(Latest ed) Relavant chs., Jai Prakash Nath &Co., Meerut.Govt. of India: Report of Finance Commission Economic Survey(Latested)Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003R.B.I : Report of Currency and FinanceMusgrave, R.A. and P.B. Musgrave (1976) : Public Finance in Theoryand Practice, McGraw Hill Kogakusha, TokyoShome.P(ed) (1995) : Tax Policy Handbook, Tax Division, Fiscal affairsDepartment International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C.Bagchi, A and Stern N(Eds) (1989) : Tax Policy and Planning inDeveloping Countries (OUP)Bagchi A.(ed)2005: Readings in Public Finance, OUP.Kaushik and Basu (2007) : Economics in India. OUPMundle S. 2000: Public Finance Policy – Issues for India”, OxfordUniversity Press.
iz'u i= iapeyksdfoÙk
19
bdkbZ izFke % izkjfEHkd ifjp; % lkoZtfud foÙk dk vkn'kkZRed n`f"Vdks.k
vuqdwyre ctV dk fl)kar] vkfFkZd fodkl esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk]
futh oLrq,a] lkoZtfud oLrq,a vkSj mRd`"V oLrq,a] cktkj foQyrk,a]
nks"k] ?kVrh ykxrsa vkSj ferO;;rk,aA
bdkbZ f}rh;% djkjksi.k % djHkkj dk fl)kar] dj Hkkj ds oSdfYid fl)kar]
djkjksi.k ds fl)kar] ykHk n`f"Vdks.k ¼fy.Mky vkSj ckosu ekWMy½
Hkqxrku lkeF;Z fl)kar] ¼O;fDrijd vkSj oLrqijd n`f"Vdks.k] elxzso
vkSj lsE;qylu gy½] vuqdwy djkjksi.k dk fl)kar] vfrfjDr dj
HkkjA
bdkbZ r`rh;% lkoZtfud O;; vkSj lkoZtfud _.k %
jkT; dh vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa esa o`f) dk oSxuj fu;e] okbtesu ihdkWd
ifjdYiuk,¡] lkoZtfud O;; dk 'kq) fl)kar] lkoZtfud O;; dh
o`f) vkSj <k¡pk] lkoZtfud O;; esa lq>ko] ctfVax] izksxzkfeax ctV
vkSj thjks csl ctVA
lkoZtfud _.k ds izfrf"Br fopkj] _.k uhfr ds {kfriwjd
n`f"Vdks.kA lkoZtfud _.k dk Hkkj] lkoZtfud _.k ds L=ksr] _.k
ds ek/;e ls eqnzk fuekZ.k] _.k izcU/k ds fl)kar vkSj iquHkqZxrkuA
bdkbZ prqFkZ% jktdks"kh; uhfr vkSj jktdks"kh; la?kokn %
jktdks"kh; uhfr vkSj mn~ns'; iw.kZjkstxkj] xSj eqnzkLQhfr] vkfFkZd
fodkl] vk; vkSj /ku dkj iquZforj.k] jktdks"kh; uhfr vkSj ekSfnzd
uhfr dh ikjLifjd fuHkZjrk] ctVh; ?kkVk vkSj buds rRo jktdks"kh;
uhfr ds fy, LFkk;hdj.k] Lopkfyr cuke LFkk;hdj.k] lraqfyr ctV
xq.kd] jktdks"kh; la?kokn] foÙk vk;ksx vuqnku vkSj lk/kuksa dks
voewY;u] la?kh; jkT; ls lk/ku gLrkarj.k] lk/kuksa ds gLrkUrj.k ds
fy, ekin.M] Hkkjr esa dsUnz jkT; foÙkh; laca/k] la?kh; vkSj jkT; ds
LFkkuh; fudk; ls jkT; ds lk/kuksa dh leL;k,aA
iape bdkbZ% Hkkjrh; yksdfoÙk] Hkkjrh; iz.kkyh] la?kh; vk;] LFkkuh; fudk; vkSj
jkT;] Hkkjr esa izeq[k dj] dj dk vk/kkj] lsok ij izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k
dj] dsUnz dh xSj dj vk;] jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; fudk;] lkoZtfud
20
_.k vkSj lkoZtfud O;; esa izo`fr;ka] jktdks"kh; ifjorZu vkSj Hkkjr
esa jktdks"kh; {ks= esa lq>ko
lanfHkZr iqLrdsa %
elxzso] vkj ^lkoZtfud foÙk ds fl)kar^ ,e lh xzkfgy
gjcj] ch ih ^vk/kqfud lkoZtfud foÙk^
R;kxh ch ih yksdfoÙk
nÙk vkSj lqUnje ^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,l pkan ,.M dkjiksjs'ku] ubZ
fnYyh
ckxph vejs'k 5 ^lkoZtfud foÙk vks ;w ih
dkSf'kd vkSj cklq ¼2007½ Hkkjrh; vFkZ'kkL= vks ;w ih
Hkkjrh; ljdkj] foÙk vk;ksx dh fofHkUu fjiksVZ~l
bdksukWehd ,.M iksfyfVdy fodyh] ofj;l b';wl
PAPER VIINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
UNIT 1 The pure theory of International Trade : trade under absolute and comparativecost differences, opportunity cost doctrine, the specific factors model, theHeckscher-Ohlin theory, factor-price equalization theorem; Empirical testing ofthe Ricardian theory and the H.O. theory, Kravis and Linder’s thesis; Role ofdynamic factors : Changes in tastes, technology and factor endowments; theRybczynski Theorem, Stolper-Samuelson theorem and the Concept ofimmiserizing growth
REQUIRED READINGS
Krugman, P.A. and Obstfeld, M. : International Economics : Theory andPolicy, 6/e Pearson Education, 2003 (Herein after referred as text),Ch.2,3,4Chacholiades, M : International Economics, 1990, Chs. 4,5
UNIT 2 Terms of trade : Different Concepts of terms of trade, factors affecting terms oftrade and importance of the concept; hypothesis of secular deterioration of termsof trade, Instruments of trade intervention : Tariffs: effects of tariffs in partialand general equilibrium, effective rate of tariff, the Optimum tariff; Effects ofImport quotas; Differences in the operation of Tariffs and quotas, the concept ofequivalence between them, other non-tariff instruments of trade policy;Voluntary exports restraints and export subsidies etc.Trade under imperfect competition : The effect of increased market size;economies of scale and comparative advantage, the significance of intraindustrytradeREAQUIRED READINGSText : Chaps 5 and 8Chacholiades, M : International Economics, Chs, 3,7 and 9
21
UNIT 3 Balance of Payments : Meaning and components, Current account andcapital account, surpluses and deficits; Measures to correctdisequilibrium; Automatic measures, Quasi-adjustment measures andpermanent therapy; Theories of devaluation: Elasticities, absorption andMonetary approaches; Foreign Trade Multiplier with and without foreignrepercussionsExchange rate: Determination of exchange rate under floating exchangerate system, Purchasing Power Parity theory; Fixed versus Flexibleexchange ratesREQUIRED READINGSText : Chs. 12,15 and 19Chacholiades, M : International Economics, Chs. 12,13,14,15,17,18 and19
UNIT 4 Forms of Economic Cooperation: the theory of Customs Union; the theory ofoptimum Currency areas, rationale and progress of SAARC/SAFTA andASEANRegionalism versus Multilateralism, EU, NAFTA,GATT and WTO : WTO asan organization, TRIPS, TRIMS, Agricultural sector and Agreement on Textilesand clothing, Dispute Settlement understandingIMF : Objectives, Quotas, Par-values, Causes of the breakdown of theBretton woods system; role of gold, SDR : their creation; working of theSDRs system, SDR valuation, the present system of managed flexibility,IMF financial facilities, conditionality Clause of the IMF; Reforms of theInternational Monetary system; World Bank, IDA and IFC, AsianDevelopment Bank, Theory of short-term Capital Movements and East-Asian crisis and lessons for developing countries
REQIRED READINGSText : Chs. 9,18.20,22Chacholiades, M : International Economics, Chs. 10 and 20
UNIT 5 Trade Problems and Trade Policy of India : Recent Changes in the value,composion and direction of India’s exports and Imports, Reforms inIndia’s external sector since 1991, India’s forex reserves; recent export-import policies
REQUIRED READINGSJoshi, V. and Little, I.M.D : India’s Economic Reforms 1991-2000, OUP,1998Verma, M.L.: International Trade, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi, 1995RBI Bulletin : Various IssuesEconomic and Political Weekly : Various Issues, Bombay.
RECOMMENDED READINGSAmerican Economic Association : Readings in International Economics,Richard D. Irwin Inc., 1968Bhagwati, J.N., Panagaria, A. and Srinivasan, T.N. : Lectures onInternational Trade 2nd ed OUP-2003Caves, R.E.: Trade and Economic Structure, Cambridge, Mass, HarravardUniversity Press, 1960Grauwe, R.D. : Economics of Monetary Union, 4th ed., Oxford UniversityPress, 2000
22
Haberler G : The Theory of International Trade, London, Mecmillan Co.,Ltd., 1937Kemp, M.C. : The Pure theory of International Trade and InvestmentPrentice Hall, 1969Pugel, T.A.: International Economics 12th ed., McGraw Hill, 2004Jones, R.W. and Kenen P.B.(ed) : Handbook of International Economics,Elsevier Science Pub. Vol. I, 1984Kenen, P.B. : The International Economy, 4th ed. Cambridge Univ. Press,2000.Kreinin, M.E.: International Economics, 9th ed., South-western, ThomsonLearning, 2002Meade, J.E.: The Balance of Payments, London, Oxford UniversityPress,1951Mundell,R.A.:International Economics,Macmillan Publishing Co.,NewYork,1968Ohlin, B: Interregional and International Trade, 2nd ed., HarvardUniversity Press, Cambridge Mass, 1967Venek, J: International Trade and Economic GrowthViner,J: Studies in the Theory of International Trade, New York, Harperand Broth Publisher, 1937Falvey, R. and Kreickemier, U.(ed) Recent Development in InternationalTrade Theory:, Edward Elger Publishing Ltd,.2005
iz'u i= VIvUrjkZ"Vªh; vFkZ'kkL=
bdkbZ 1 % vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk fo'kq) fl)kar % fujis{k ykxr vUrj dk
fl)kar ,oa rqyukRed ykxr dk fl)kar] volj ykxr fl)kar
fof'k"V lk/ku izk:i] gSo'pj vksyhu izes;] fjdkMksa ds fl)kar o
gSo'pj vksfyu fl)kar dh vkuqHkfod tk¡p] Øsfol ,oa fyMj okn]
izkoSfxd rRoksa dh Hkwfedk] lk/ku miyC/krk] rduhdh ,oa :fp esa
ifjorZuA fjfCtuLdh izes;] LVkWYij lseqvylu izes;] dY;k.k
vodkjd fodkl dh vo/kkj.kkA
bdkbZ 2 % O;kikj dh 'krsZ % O;kikj dh 'krksZ dh vo/kkj.kk,a] O;kikj dh 'krksZ ds
fu/kkZj.k ?kVd ,oa O;kikj dh 'krksZ dk egRo] O;kikj dh 'krkZs esa
fujis{k fxjkoV dh miifjdYiuk] O;kikj esa ck/kk,a mRiUu djus okys
?kVd
iz'kqyd % iz'kqYd dk lkekU; ,oa vkaf'kd lkE; fo'ys"k.k] iz'kqYd dh
izHkkoh nj] vuqdwyre iz'kqYd] vk;kr fu;rka'k ds izHkko] iz'kqYd o
fu;rka'k ds izpkyu esa vUrj ,oa lekurk,¡] O;kikj uhfr ds xSj
iz'kqYd ;U=] fu;kZr vuqnku ,oa ,sfPNd fu;kZr fu;a=.k viw.kZ
23
izfr;ksfxrk esa O;kikj %& c<+rs gq, cktkj ds izHkko] iSekus dh cpr
,oa rqyukRed ykHk] vUr%m|ksx O;kikj dk egRo
bdkbZ 3 % Hkqxrku larqyu % vFkZ ,oa oxhZdj.k] pkyw [kkrk ,oa iw¡th [kkrk] ?kkVk
,oa vfrjsd] Hkqxrku larqyu vlkE; dks Bhd djus ds mik;]
Lopkfyr mik;] v)Z lek;kstd mik; ,oa LFkk;h mik;
eqnzk voewY;u dk fl)kar% yksp mikxe] vo'kks"k.k mikxe ,oa ekSfnzd
mikxe] fons'kh O;kikj xq.kd jsijdqflu@izR;korZu lfgr ,oa
vlfgrA
fofue; nj % fLFkj ,oa yphyh fofue; nj] Ø; 'kfDr lerk
fl)kar] yphyh fofue; nj iz.kkyh }kjk fofue; nj dk fu/kkZj.k
bdkbZ 4 % vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds :i % vkpkj la?k ¼pqaxh la?k½ ds fl)kar] b"Vre
eqnzk {ks= dk fl)kar] SAARC/SAFTA ,oa ASEAN ds ekSfyd rdZ
,oa izxfr
{ks=h;okn ,oa cgqi{kh;okn EU, NAFTA, GATT ,oa WTO fo'o
O;kikj laxBu laLFkk ds :i esa] O;kikfjd ckSf)d laink vf/kdkj]
O;kikj ls lEc) fuos'k] d`f"k {ks= ls lEc) le>kSrk] diM+k ,oa oL=
le>kSrk] fookn fuiVkjk iz.kkyh
vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k % mn~ns';] vH;'ka] lerk ewY;] czsVuoqMl~
O;oLFkk ds <g tkus ds dkj.k] Lo.kZ dh Hkwfedk] SDR : SDR iz.kkyh
dh dk;Z iz.kkyh] ewY;kadu ,oa orZeku fofue; nj iz.kkyh] IMF dh
foÙk lqfo/kk,a] 'krsZ] vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd O;oLFkk esa lkEizfrd ifjorZu
fo'o cSad] IDA ,oa IFC ,f'k;u fodkl cSad] y?kq vof/k iwath
xfr'khyrk dk fl)kar ,oa iwoZ ,f'k;u ladV rFkk fodkl'khy jk"Vªksa
dks ikB
bdkbZ 5 % Hkkjr dh O;kikj uhfr ,oa leL;k,¡] ewY; esa orZeku ifjorZu] Hkkjrh;
vk;kr ,oa fu;kZr ds Lo:i ,oa fn'kk] lu~ 1991 ls Hkkjrh; ckgjh
{ks= esa lq/kkj] Hkkjr esa vkjf{kr fons'kh eqnzk fuf/k] orZeku vk;kr
fu;kZr uhfrA
24
Paper VII
COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMICS
Unit I: - Research Methodology:- Meaning, objectives and Scope of Research, Steps ofSocial Research, formulation of Research problems, Ethics in Social Research.
Required Readings
Gopal, M.H. An introduction to Research in Social SciencesGoods & Hatt : Methods in Social Research, Mc Graw.
Unit II: - Demography :- Meaning, scope and importanceMeasures of population Growth, population structure and populationdistributionCharacteristics of Indian population though recent census.
Required Readings
Jhingan, M.L.: Demography, Vrinda DelhiAsha A. Bhende, Tara Kanitkar – “Principals of Population Studies” HimalayaPublishing house.
Unit III :- Indian Economy :- Current trends of National Income.Current five year plan:- priorities and strategy.Poverty and unemployment.
Required Readings
Dutt, Ruddra and sundharam, KPM : Indian Economy, Latest edNathuram, Laxmi Narayan: - Indian EconomyB.L. Ojha: - Indian Economy
Unit IV :- Growth and producitivity trends in Indian Agriculture.W.T.O. and sustainable agriculture development.Globalization, Liberalization and New Industrial policy.Co-operative movment in India- structure and development.
Required Readings
Dutt, Ruddra and Sundharam, KPM :- Indian EconomyNathuram, Laxmi Narayan :- Indian Economy
Unit V :- Economy of Rajasthan :-
Current trends of State Income
25
Current five year plan :- priorities and strategy Major irrigation projects Financial promotion policies of state government for Industrial sector,
Co-operative movement in Rajasthan.
Required Readings
Nathuram, Laxmi Narayan: - Economy of RajasthanB.L. Ojha: - Indian Economy
iz'u i= VII
o.kZukRed vFkZ’kkL=
bdkbZ 1- vuqla/kku izfof/k%& vuqla/kku dk vFkZ] mn~ns’; ,oa {ks=] lkekftd vuqla/kku dk Lrj]vuqla/kku leL;k dk fuekZ.k] lkekftd vuqla/kku esa uSfrdrk
lgk;d iqLrdasaohjsUnz izdk’k 'kekZ % fjlpZ esFkksMksyksthvkj- ,u- f=osnh] Mh- ih- 'kqDyk % fjlpZ esFkksMksyksth] ds-,u- ukxj % lkaf[;dh ds ewy rRo
bdkbZ 2- tukafddh % vFkZ] {ks= ,oa egRo] tula[;k of)] tula[;k lajpuk ,oa tula[;kforj.k ds eki] tux.kuk ds }kjk Hkkjrh; tula[;k dh eq[; fo’ks"krk,sa
lgk;d iqLrds,l-lh- JhokLro&tukafddh v/;;u ds izk:i&fgeky; ifCyds’ku gkmlf’koukjk;.k xqIr % tukafddh ds ewy rRoMkW- t;izdk’k feJk % tukafddh ds fl)kUr&lkfgRo Hkou ifCyds’ku
bdkbZ 3- Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL= % jk"Vªh; vk; dh orZeku izo`fr;ka] pkyw iapo"khZ; ;kstuk %izkFkfedrk,a ,oa O;wgjpuk] xjhch ,oa csjkstxkjh
lgk;d iqLrdsa:nznÙk] lqUnje] ds-ih-,e- & Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=y{ehukjk;.k ukFkqjke & Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=ch-,y- vks>k & Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=¼v?kru laLdj.k½
bdkbZ 4- Hkkjrh; d`f"k esa o`f) ,oa mRikndrk izo`fÙk;ka] fo’o O;kikj laxBu ,oa la/kkj.kh; d`f"kfodkl] oS’ohdj.k] mnkjhdj.k rFkk ubZ vkS|ksfxd uhfr] Hkkjr esa lgdkfjrkvkUnksyu& lajpuk ,oa fodkl
lgk;d iqLrdsa:nznUr] lqUnje] ds-ih-,e- & Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=y{ehukjk;.k ukFkqjke & Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=ch-,y- vks>k & Hkkjrh; vFkZ’kkL=¼v?kru laLdj.k½
bdkbZ 5- jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkkjkT; vk; dh orZeku izo`fr;kapkyw iapo"khZ; ;kstuk & izkFkfedrk, ,oa O;wgjpuk ogRr flapkbZ ;kstuk
26
vkS|ksfxd {ks= esa jkT; ljdkj dh foÙkh; izksRlkgu uhfr;k¡] jktLFkku esa lgdkfjrk vkUnksyu
lgk;d iqLrdasy{ehukjk;.k ukFkqjkedk & jktLFkku dh vFkZ O;oLFkkvuq’kaflr lkexzh ¼v|ru laldj.k½
OPTIONAL PAPERS
Group A: Agricultural EconomicsPAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSUnit 1 : Nature and Scope of agricultural economics: Peculiarities of Agriculture and
their effects on production, employment and income. Problems ofAgriculture. Role of Agriculture in Economic Development. AgriculturalDevelopment, poverty and environment.
Unit 2 : Agricultural Production function: Relationship between Resources andProducts; Principles of choice and Resources allocation: Resourcesubstitution and Factor relationship; Choice between products and resourceuses, Returns to scale and Farm Size.
Unit 3 : Farm incomes and agricultural prices: Reasons of Price fluctuationsMeasures of stabilisation, Cobweb Theorem and State policies with respectto agricultural prices. Economic efficiency in the Agricultural Industry,Tenure system and farm efficiency.
Unit 4 : Agriculture and economic growth: Product Market and factor contribution ofAgriculture to economic growth. State and Agriculture : Need for and goalsof State intervention. The role of state with special reference to credit,marketing and prices.
Unit 5 : Salient features of agriculture in U.S.A. Price support and surplus disposalpolicies.Erstwhile U.S.S.R : Organisation of collective farms and its contribution toSoviet economic development.Japan : The role of agriculture in modern Japanese economic developmentW.T.O. and Agriculture: Domestic support to Agriculture in U.S and E.Uand Hong Kong agreement on reduction in export subsidies in U.S. &E.U. Countries.
RECOMMENDED READINGS;
Ahuja, Astha(2006):Agriculture and Rural Development in India. New CenturyPublications, New Delhi – 110002.John, W.Mellor : The Economics of Agricultural DevelopmentChoen : Economics of Agriculture.Heady, E.O. : Economics of Agricultural Production and Resources Use, Prentice Hall ofIndia (Chaps. 1,2,3,4,5,8,12,20 and 24)Eicher and Witt : Agriculture in Economic Development, Vora & Co. Publishers Pvt.Limited, Bombay (Chaps 1,2,5, and 15), 1970Halcrow, H.C. : Contemporary Reading in Agriculture, Mc-Graw Hill Prentice Hall,N.J., 1955Gulati, A and T. Kelly (1999) Trade Liberalisation and Indian agriculture, OxfordUniversity Press, New Delhi.Kahlo, A.S. and Tyagi D.S.(12983): Agricultural Price Policy in India, AlliedPublishers, New Delhi
27
N.L. Aggarwal(2003): Bhartiya Krishi Ka Arth Tantra, Rajasthan Hindi GranthAcademy , Jaipur (Hindi)Schultz, T.W. : Transforming Traditional Agriculture, Yale University,1964Sadhu, A.N and Singh, A.(2000): Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics, HimalayaPublishing House, New Delhi
,e-,- ¼vfUre o"kZ½d`f"k vFkZ'kkL= ds fl)kar
izFke iz'u i=
bdkbZ 1 % d`f"kxr vFkZ'kkL= dh izd`fr ,oa {ks=] d`f"k dh fo'ks"krk,a ,oa mRiknu]
jkstxkj rFkk vk; ij mlds izHkko] d`f"k dh leL;k,a] vkfFkZd fodkl
esa d`f"k dh Hkwfedk] d`f"kxr fodkl] xjhch rFkk i;kZoj.kA
bdkbZ 2 % d`f"kxr mRiknu Qyu % mRiknu o lk/kuksa ds e/; lEcU/k] p;u ds
fl)kar ,oa lk/ku vkoaVu] lk/ku izfrLFkkiu ,oa lk/ku lEcU/krk]
mRikn o lk/ku iz;ksx ds e/; p;u] iSekus ds izfrQy ,oa QkeZ
vkdkjA
bdkbZ 3 % QkeZ vk; ,oa d`f"kxr dhersa % dher mPpkopuksa ds dkj.k]
fLFkjhdj.k ds mik;] edM+h tkyk fl)kar ,oa d`f"kxr dherksa ds
lanHkZ esa jkT; uhfr;k¡] d`f"k m|ksx dh vkfFkZd n{krk] Hkw /kkj.k
O;oLFkk ,oa QkeZ n{krkA
bdkbZ 4 % d`f"k ,oa vkfFkZd o`f) % vkfFkZd of) esa df"k mRikn] cktkj ,oa
lk/ku ;ksxnku] jkT; ,oa d`f"k % jkT; gLr{ksi ds mn~ns'; ,oa
vko';drk] lk[k] foi.ku ,oa dherksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa jkT; dh
HkwfedkA
bdkbZ 5 % ;w,l, esa d`f"k dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a] dher leFkZu ,oa vfrjsd izk;ksT;
uhfr;k¡
;w,l,lvkj % lkewfgd [ksrh dk laxBu rFkk lksfo;r vkfFkZd fodkl
esa bldk ;ksxnku]
tkiku % vk/kqfud tkikuh vkfFkZd fodkl esa d`f"k dh Hkwfedk
28
MCY;wVhvks ,oa d`f"k % ;w,l rFkk bZ;w esa d`f"k o ?kjsyw leFkZu ,oa
;w,l rFkk bZ;w ns'kksa esa fu;kZr vuqnku esa dVkSrh ij gk¡xdk¡x
le>kSrkA
PAPER II
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF INIDIAN AGRICULTURE
Unit 1 : Main Characteristics of Indian agricultural economy. Agricultural resources ofIndia. Land reforms measures and Performance.
Unit 2 : Agricultural Policy since Independence: Policy of increasing production andProductivity in agriculture; New Agricultural Technology—diffusion andimpact. Agricultural labour and Minimum wages policy; Foodgrains and pricepolicy, Cattle and Cattle insurance, Live stock and dairy development; FarmMechanisation, Agricultural taxation and subsidies.
Unit 3 : Agricultural problems of India : Problem of share tenancy, Size of the farm,Small and marginal farmers, marketed and Marketable Surplus, Unemploymentand underemployment, Capital formation, Irrigation, Problem of surplus cattle,Agricultural marketing and processing, Agricultural finance. Dryland farming.
Unit 4 : A review of India’s agricultural growth: Contribution of various factors—Integrated Rural Development Programme. Special agriculture developmentprogrammes for weaker sections such as SFDA, MFAL, Rural employmentschemes, Tribal development etc.
Effects of agricultural growth on employment, wages, Income distribution,regional disparities, Surplus mobilisation, foreign trade etc.
Unit 5 : WTO and Agriculture: AOA: Domestic support: AMS Product specific andNon-Product specific support in India. IPRs and Agriculture.
Farm Management and budgeting in India.
RECOMMENDED READINGS:Ahuja, Astha(2006):Agriculture and Rural Development in India.New CenturyPublications, New Delhi – 110002.Agarwal, G.D. and Bansal, P.G.: Economic Problems of Indian AgricultureAgarwal, H.N.: Indian Agriculture (Latest edition)Chaudhari,Pramit : Problems of Change in Agriculture – The Indian EconomyMisra, G.P. : Some Aspects of changes in Agrarian StructureRao, C.H.: Technological change and the Distribution of Gains in Indian AgricultureVakil,C.N. and Shah, C.H. : Agriculture Development of India.Mellor, J.M., Weaver, T.F., Lele, U.J. and Simon, S.R. : Development of Rural India,Parts I-A and IVWadhwa, C: Some Problems of India’s Economic PolicyG.K.Chadha (Ed)(2003): WTO and Indian Economy,Deep and Deep Publisher New DelhiGulati, Ashok and sharma, Ani (1994) “ Agriculture under GATT: what it holds for India.Economic and political weekly, Review of Agriculture.Govt. of India: Report of the National Commission on Agriculture (Relevant vols)Govt. of India : Five Year Plans and their Progress Report .
PERIODICALSIndian Journal of Agricultural EconomicsAgricultural Situation in IndiaEconomic and Political WeeklyStatistical Abstract of Rajasthan
29
f}rh; i= LukrdksÙkj vfUre o"kZ lewg ^v^Hkkjrh; d`f"k dh vkfFkZd leL;k,a
bdkbZ izFke % Hkkjrh; d`f"k vFkZ O;oLFkk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a] d`f"k lalk/ku] Hkwfe
lq/kkj dk;ZØe] mik; ,oa izn'kZuA
bdkbZ f}rh;% LorU=rk i'pkr ls df"kxr uhfr % df"k esa mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk
c<+kus dh uhfr] ubZ d`f"kxr Jfed vkSj U;wure etnwjh nj uhfr]
[kk|kUu o dher uhfr] eos'kh ,oa eos'kh chek] i'kqikyu ,oa Ms;jh
fodkl] [ksr ;a=hdj.k] d`f"kxr dj ,oa vuqnkuA
bdkb r`rh;% Hkkjr dh d`f"kxr leL;k,a % Hkkxhnkj [ksrhckM+h dh leL;k,a] [ksr dk
vkdkj] NksVs o lhekUr d`"kd] cktkj ¼fofØr½ ,oa cktkj ;ksX;
¼foØ; ;ksX;½ vfrjsd] csjkstxkj o vYi csjkstxkj iwath fuekZ.k]
flpkabZ] vfrjsd eosf'k;ksa dh leL;k,a] d`f"kxr foi.ku ,oa izØe
¼izfØ;k½] xfrfof/k;k¡] d`f"kxr foÙk] 'kq"d Hkwfe [ksrhckM+hA
bdkbZ prqFkZ% Hkkjrh; d`f"kxr o`f) dk iqu% ijh{k.k % fofHkUu dkjdksa dk lg;ksx]
lefUor xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØe] detksj rcdksa ds fy, d`f"kxr
fo'ks"k fodkl dk dk;ZØe tSls y?kq d`"kd fodkl ;kstuk] lhekUr
d`"kd ,oa d`f"k Jfed fodkl ;kstuk tutkrh; fodkl dk;ZØe]
jkstxkj] etnwjh] vk; forj.k {ks=h; fo"kerk] vfrjsd xeu] fons'k
O;kikj bR;kfn ij d`f"kxr o`f) dk izHkkoA
bdkbZ iape% fo'o O;kikj laxBu o d`f"k % d`f"k ij le>kSrk] ?kjsyw leFkZu] lexz
U;wure iwfrZ fo'ks"k mRikn ,oa xSj mRikn] fo'ks"k Hkkjrh; leFkZu]
O;kikj lEcfU/kr ckSf)d lEink vf/kdkj ,oa d`f"k] df"k [ksr izcU/k o
Hkkjr esa ctV fuekZ.k izfØ;kA
1- uUnyky vxzoky % Hkkjrh; d`f"k dk vFkZrU=
2- ,-,u- vxzoky % ^^Hkkjrh; d`f"k^
30
Group C : Industrial Economics
Paper I
ECONOMICS OF MODERN INDUSTRY
Unit 1 Nature and Scope of Industrial Economics. The Theory of the Industrial Firm,Profit Maximization Versus other objectives of the Industrial Firm,Economics of Scale of Plant and the Firm, Industrial Capital budgeting andfinancing.
REQUIRED READINGS
Robinson: E.A.G. : Structure of Competitive Industry (EH)Pasu, J.S.: Industrial OrganisationArchiboids, G.C.(ed): The Theory of Firm Selected ReadingBasil, S. Yamey(ed): Economics of Industrial Structure : Selected ReadingsHawkins, C J and Pearce, D.W.: Capital investment Appraisal, 1971Crucial, S.C: Financial Management : An Analytical and ConceptualApproach, 1975, Chap. 17R.R. Berthwal: Industrial Economics, Wiley Eastern, New Dehli.
Unit 2 Output, Product Mix and Pricing decisions by firms under different marketstructures, Competitive, monopolistic and oligopoly; monopoly indexes.
REQUIRED READINGS
Singer, E.M.: Antitrust Economics, Chaps. 3,8 and 10Leftwich, R.M.: The price system and Resources AllocationS.C.Kuchhal: Industrial Economy of IndiaBain, J.S: Industrial Organisation, 2nd Ed., 1958Machlup, F: Theories of the Firm : Marginalist Behavioral, Managerial,American Economic Review March 1967,, reprinted in Readings in theEconomics of Industrial Organisation, D. Needham(ed)
Unit 3 Economics of Industry at the Aggregate level, Concepts of Productivity andCost – Their measurement, Reasons for Productivity and cost differencesbetween firms, Industries and regions.REQUIRED READINGS
Mehta, M M : Measurement of Industrial ProductivityWalter Israd: Methods of Regional Analysis-An Introduction to RegionalScienceJohn, W. Kendrick: Productivity Trends in the United States, 1961,Introduction and Chap 1.Soloman, F.: A Primer on productivity
Unit 4 Theory of Location of Industries; Meaning and Measurement of Location,
31
Industrial concentration and policy towards industrial concentration.
REQUIRED READINGS
Walter Israd: Methods of Regional Analysis, Chaps 6 and 7Perlof, H Regions: Resources and Economic GrowthUttonm M.N.:Industrial Concentration, 1970
Unit 5 Introduction to the calculation and use of the input – output between theconsumer and capital goods industries, cost – benefit analysis: Net PersentValue (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return(IRR)
REQUIRED READINGS
Chenery, H. and Clark, P. Inter Industry Economics, Chaps. 1-2Sen, A.K. : Choice of Techniques, An Aspect of the Theory of PlaningEconomic Development, 3rd Ed., 1968Sinha and Shawhney:Wages and Productivity in selected Indian Industries,1970, Chaps. 1-3Theil Boot and Lock: Operations, Research and Quantitative EconomicsChap. 3, Input Output Analysis, pp. 53-72Dwivedi, D.N.:Managerial Economics, Chap-11 Capital Budgeting andinvestment Decisions P.279 to 287, 5th edition.
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Car Keeysen and Turner, D.F.:Anti-Trust Policy, 1959Theory of Firm: Selected Reading, Archiblod(ed),1971
lewg&lh
vkS|ksfxd vFkZ’kkL=
izFke iz’u i=
vk/kqfud m|ksxksa dk vFkZ’kkL=
bdkbZ 1- vkS|ksfxd vFkZ’kkL= dh izd`fr ,oa {ks=] vkS|ksfxd QeZ dk fl)kUr] ,dQeZ dh ykHk vf/kdrehdj.k dh rqyuk vU; mn~ns’;ksa ls] IykaV ,oa QeZds vkdkj dh ferO;ork,a] vkS|ksfxd iwath ctfVx vkSj foRrh;u
bdkbZ 2- fofHkUu cktkj lajpukvksa ds vUrxrZ QeZ ds mRiknu] mRikn feJ.k ,ddher fu.kZ; % izfr;ksxh] ,dkf/kdkjkRed vkSj vYikf/kdkj] ,dkf/kdkjhlwpdkad
bdkbZ 3- lezx Lrj ij m|ksxksa dk vFkZ’kkL=] mRikndrk vkSj ykxr ds izo;; vkSjmuds eki] QeksZ] m|kxksa ,oa {ks=ksa esa mRikndrk vkSj ykxrksa esa vUrj ds
32
dkj.k
bdkbZ 4- m|ksxksa ds LFkkuh;dj.k ds fl)kUr] LFkkuh;dj.k dk vFkZ vkSj eki]vkS|ksfxd dsUnzh;dj.k vkSj vkS|ksfxd dsUnzh;dj.k dh uhfr
bdkbZ 5- miHkksDrk vkSj iwath oLrq m|kxksa ds e/; lEcU/kksa ds fy, vknk&iznkrduhd dk iz;ksx ,oa x.kuk dk izkjfEHkd Kku] ykxr ykHk fo’ys"k.k]'kq) orZeku ewY; ,oa vkUrfjd ykxr dh nj
PAPER II
INDIAN INDUSTRY
UNIT 1 Industrial growth in India since 1951, Rate of growth of industrialinvestment and output Structure of Industrial Growth: Rates and pattern ofgrowth, Policies of Liberalization and Globalisation, WTO and IndianIndustries.
REQUIRED READINGS
Malendaum, W.: Prospects for Indian DevelopmentRosen, G.:Industrial Change in IndiaMedhore, P.B.: The Industrial Growth since 1950-An AssessmentDue,John, F. and Frielandeur: Government Finance, Economics of thePublic Sector, 4th ed., Irwin,1969Mehta, M.M.: Structure of Indian IndustriesGadgil,D.R.:Industrial Evolution of IndiaBatra, G.S. & Dangwal, R.C: Globalisation and Liberalisation(NewDevelopment) Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.Chadda, G.K.: WTO and Indian Industries, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.Sabade, B.R.(2001): WTO – A Threat or an opportunity.
UNIT 2 Industrial Planning in India, Policies of self-reliance, import substitution andforeign collaboration, industrial Policy: Evolution of Industrial Policy,Evolution of Industrial and Licencing Policy, its critical assessment.
REQUIRED READINGSY.K.Alagh : Regional Distribution of Industry in Economics and K.K.Subrabmanyam : Economic and Political Weekly, April 10,1971Jail Ahmed : Import Substitution Change in Indian ManufacturingIndustries, 1965-66 (Mimeogrophed), Harvard Research CentreReserave Bank of India: Foreign Collaboration in Indian Industry(SurveyReport), 1968
UNIT 3 Large scale and small scale industries in private sector with particularreference to Financing, Regional distribution and Industrial Sickness;Concentration of economic power(MTRA)
REQUIRED READINGSP.D. Ojha : Putting Teeth into the Monopolies Act in Economic and PoliticalWeekly, July 1971(Special No.) and other articles by the same author inEPW, Jan. 1969(Annual No and 28th Feb. 1970.
33
Government of India:Report of the Industrial Licencing PolicyEnquiry - Committee(Dutt Committee) July, 1969Government of India: Industrial Planning and Licencing Policy (FinalReport R.K. Hazari, 1967, Role of Small Enterprise in Indian EconomicDevelopmentGovernment of India: Report of Steel Control Committee(K.N.Raj.),Krishana Swami, Oct.,1966
UNIT 4 Public Sector Industries: Growth, Structure, problems of Public Sector,Management, Pricing and overall efficiencyREQUIRED READINGS
ARC Report: Public Sector Undertakings, Oct., 1967Hanson, A.H.: Public Enterprises and Economic DevelopmentFlorence, P. Sargent: Industry and the StateGorawala, A.D.: Report on the Efficient Condust of State EnterprisesRamanadhan, V.V.:Structure of Public Enterprises in IndiaRaj K. Nigam (Ed.) Public Sector
UNIT 5 Industrial progress in Rajasthan since 1956, Policy and Programmes topromote large and small-scale industries, critical assessment of Industrialdevelopment during plans
REQUIRED READINGSEighth & Seventh Five Year Plans of Rajasthan Government of Rajasthan:Techno-Economic Survey of RajasthanNCAER:Perspective Planning of RajasthanDirectorate of Industries and Civil Supplies: Growth potential and Prospects,July, 1970
RECOMMENDED READINGS
Vadilal Dagli: A Profile of Indian IndustryNCAER: Industrial Programmes for the Fourth Plan Rajasthan, February,1969Hand-book of Information of public Enterprises, 1970(Bureau of PublicEnterprises, Ministry of Finance), Lokudyog (Ministry of Finance
f}rh; iz’u i=
Hkkjrh; m|ksx
bdkbZ 1- lu~ 1951 ls Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd o`f)] vkS|ksfxd fuos’k ,oa mRiknu lajpuk esavkS|ksfxd o`f) njksa vkSj of) dk Lo:i] mnkjhdkj.k vkSj Hkwe.Myhdj.k dh uhfr;ka]fo’o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) vkSj Hkkjrh; m|ksx
bdkbZ 2- Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fu;kstu] vkRefuHkZjrk dh uhfr;ka] vk;kr izfrLFkkiu vkSj fons’khlg;ksx] vkS|ksfxd] vkS|ksfxd] vkS|ksfxd uhfr dk mn~xe %vkS|ksfxd ,oa ykblsaflxuhfr dk mn~xe] bldh vkykspukRed O;k[;k
34
bdkbZ 3- futh {ks= ds o`gr ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa ds fo’ks"k lanHkZ esa] foRrh;u] {ks=h; forj.k vkSjvkS|ksfxd :X.krk] vkfFkZd 'kfDr dk dsUnzh;dj.k (MTRA)
bdkbZ 4- lkoZtfud {ks= ds m|ksxksa] o`f)] lajpuk] lkoZtfud {ks= dh leL;k,a] izca/ku] dherfu/kkZj.k vkSj lEiw.kZ dq’kyrk
bdkbZ 5- lu~ 1956 ls jktLFkku esa vkS|ksfxd izxfr] o`gr ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa dks izksRlkgu djusdh uhfr;ka ,oa dk;ZØe] ;kstuk dky esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k
Grop D : Lablur EconomicsPAPER I
TRADE UNIONISM AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Unit 1 : Theories of Labour Movement; Salient Features of Trade Union inGeneral; Functions, Structures and Finances of Trade Union.
Unit 2 : Silent Features of Trade Union in U.K. and U. S. A., Detailed study inTrade Union movement of India, Employers organization in India;Functions and Achievements of International Labour Organisation; ILOand India.
Unit 3 Collective Bargaining : Meaning, Scope and Implementation of theCollective Bargaining process; Measures to encourage CollectiveBargaining in India; Problems of Collective Bargaining of India.
Unit 4: Industrial Dispute : Prevention and Settlement; Negotiation and CollectiveAgreements; Conciliation; Mediation; Arbitration ; Strike-the last resort;Role of Government in Union Management Relations; Joint ManagementCouncils: Joint Consultation in Industry
Unit 5 : Prevention and settlement of Industrial Disputes in India with specialattention to : Grievance Procedure; Works Committees; Standing Orders;Worker’s Participation in Management in India; A Critical study of theworking of conciliation and Arbitration in India.
BOOKS RECOMMENDEDPaul Sultan : Labour Economics, Henry HoltGitlow, AL : Labour and Industrial SocietyPeling H : A History of British Trade Unionism.Singa, G.P. and Sinha, P.R.N. Industrial Relations and Lablur Legislation, Oxford, I.B.H.Pant, S.C. : Indian Labour Problems.Punekar and Nadhuri : Trade Union Leadership in IndiaHarold Orouch ; Trade Union and Politics in IndiaMiller, H,: The Political Role of Labour in Developing CountriesCollective Bargaining : A Workers Education Manual (ILO)Flanders, A.(ed.) : Collective Bargaining.Johari, C.K. : Unionism in a Developing EconomyYoder, D. and Heneman : Labour Economics and Industrial Relations,South Western Publishing Company.
lewg&*Mh* & vFkZ’kkL=
iz'u i= izFke
Jfed la?kokn vkSj vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k
35
bdkbZ 1- Jfed vkanksyu ds fl)kar] Je la?k ds eq[; fo’ks"krk,] dk;Z <kapk vkSj Je la?k dhfoRrh; O;oLFkk
bdkbZ 2- la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ¼;w,l,½ vkSj ¼;wds½ esa Jfed la?k dh eq[; fo’ks"krk,¡ Hkkjr dsJe la?k vkanksyu dk foLrkfjr v/;;u] Hkkjr esa jkstxkj laxBu] vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBudh miyfC/k;ka vkSj dk;Z] vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu vkSj Hkkjr
bdkbZ 3- lkewfgd lkSnsckth % vFkZ] {ks= vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth izfØ;k] Hkkj esa lkewfgdlkSnsckth dk lQy cukus ds mik; A Hkkjr dh lkewfgd lkSnsckth dh leL;k,¡
bdkbZ 4- vkS|ksfxd fookn % lqy>kus ds rjhds vkSj mik;] ikjEifjd okrkZyki vkSj lkewfgdle>kSrk] lqyg rFkk e/;LFkrk] LoSfPNd fookpu ;k LosfPNd iap fu.kZ;] gM+rkyJfed la?k ds izca/k esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk] la;qDr izca/k ifj"kns] m|ksxksa esa la;qDrle>kSrk
bdkbZ 5- Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fookn dks lqy>kus ds mik;] fo’ks"kr% ifjosnuk fuiVku] dk;Zlfefr;ka] LFkk;h vkns’k] (standing order) Hkkjr esa Jfedksa ds izca/k esa Hkkxhnkjh]Hkkjr esa LosfPNd fookpu ;k iapfu.kZ; rFkk dk;Z lfefr;ksa dk foLrkfjr v/;;u
PAPER IIWAGES AND SOCIAL SECURITY
Unit 1 : Labour Market : Characteristics of Labour Market, Wage theories ;Marginal Productivity, Demand and Supply and Collective Bargaining.Wage Payment, Method of Wage Payment; Incentive wage payment,Systems of wage payment in India Exploitation of Labour, Cause ofwage differentials Economy of High Wages.
Unit 2 : Wage Regulation : State Regulation of wages in the U.K., U.S.A. andIndia.Wages of Industrial and Agricultural Workers in India, Standard ofLiving of Workers in India, Wage Policy.
Unit 3. Employment Service Organisation : Organisations, Functions andAchievement of Employments Sercice Organisation and functions inU.K. and U.S.A. (in general). Methods of Labour recruitment in India;National Employment Service Organisation in India, Man PowerPlaning; Concept, objectives and techniquesMan Power Planning in India.
Unit 4 : Social Security : Social Security in the U.K., U.S.A. and Erstwhile-U.S.S.R. ( in general) Social Security in India.
Unit 5 : Factory Legislation and labour Welfare ; Main Features of PresentFactory legislation in India.Housing of Labour : Problems and Policy in India Labour Welfare inIndia ; Policy and Measures
RECOMMENDED READINGSCarter,A.M. : Theory of Wages and Employment.Gitlow, A.L. Lobour and Industrial SocietySingh, V.B.(ed): Industrial Labour in India.Bloom and Northrup : Economics of Labour RelationsSunha, M.R. (ed) : The Economics of Manpower PlanningNigam. S.B.L : state Regulation of Minimum Wages.Podkar, S.A.: Problems of Wage Policy for Economic DevelopmentDobb, M, : Wages (E and H).
36
Johri, C.K.(ed): Issues in Indian Labour Policy.Gilbert, B: The Evaluation of National Insurance in Great BritainYadav. S.L : Wages Policy and Social Security
lewg&*Mh* & vFkZ’kkL=
iz'u i= f}rh;
etnwjh vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk
bdkbZ 1- Je cktkj % Je cktkj dh fo’ks"krk,a] etnwjh ds fl)kUr] lhekar mRikndrk] Jeekax vkSj Je iwfrZ] lkewfgd lkSnsckth] etnwjh Hkqxrku] etnwjh Hkqxrku ds rjhds]izsj.kkRed etnwjh Hkqxrku] Hkkjr esa etnwjh Hkqxrku dh O;oLFkk] Jfedksa ds 'kks"k.k dhvo/kkj.kk] etnwjh vUrj ds dkj.k] vf/kdre etnwjh dh vFkZO;oLFkk
bdkbZ 2- etnwjh fu;eu % ;wds] ;w,l, vkSj Hkkjr esa etnwjh fu;eu A Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxdrFkk d`f"k Jfedksa dh etnwjh] Hkkjr esa Jfedksa dk thou Lrj] etnwjh uhfr
bdkbZ 3- lsok;kstdksa dk laxBu % laxBu dk;Z vkSj miuyfC/k;ka vkSj ¼lkekU;r%½ ;wds] ;w,l,esa dk;Z] Hkkjr esa Jfedksa dh HkrhZ ds rjhds] Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; lsok;kstdksa dk laxBu]ekuo 'kfDr fu;kstu /kkj.kk] mn~ns’; vkSj rduhdh] Hkkjr esa ekuo 'kfDr fu;kstu
bdkbZ 4- lkekftd lqj{kk ;wds] ;w,l, ¼la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk½ esa lkekftd lqj{kk] lkekU;r%;w,l,lvkj ds lanHkZ esa
bdkbZ 5- Je dY;k.k vkSj dkj[kkuk lfUu;e] Hkkjr esa orZeku dkj[kkuk lfUu;e ds eq[;fo’ks"krk,¡
Jfedksa dk vkokl % leL;k,¡ vkSj Hkkjrh; Jfed uhfr Hkkjr esa Jfed dY;k.k% uhfrvkSj izko/kku
37
Group H : Mathematical Economics and Econometrics
PAPER IMATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS
Unit 1 : The theory of consumer behaviour : Utility and indifference curve analysis;Demand functions, elasticity of demand; Income and Leisure, Linearexpenditure system, theory of Revealed preference, compositecommodities; situations involving risk, behavior under uncertaintyREQUIRED READINGHenderson and Quandt : Micro Economic Theory. 3rd ed., Chaps. 2 and 3
Unit 2: The Theory of Firm, Production functions- Cobb-Douglas, CES Productionfunctions, Elasticity of substitution, input demands, cost functions, Euler’stheorem, Duality in production, production under uncertainty , Marketequilibrium, commodity market equilibrium, factor market equilibrium,Existence and uniqueness of equilibrium, stability of equilibrium: Staticstability, Dynamic stability
REQUIRED READINGHenderson and Quandt : Micro Economic Theory Chaps. 4,5 and 6
Unit 3 : Pricing under Monopoly : Monopsony, Monopolistic competition,Duopoly: Oligopoly and Bilateral monopoly, Game theoryREQUIRED READINGHenderson and Quandt :Micro Economic Theory chaps 7,8Chiang A, II ed: Chapter on Game-Theory
Unit 4 General equilibrium; welfare economics Input-output model (closed aswell as open)REQUIRED READINGSHenderson and Quandt : Micro Economic Theory, Chaps 9,10,11Dorfman , Samuelson, Solow : Linear Programming and EconomicAnalysis
Unit 5 Linear Programming : Simplex method and dual, Hicks_Samuelson model,Solow and Kaldor model (Application of difference and differentialequations)REQUIRED READINGSChiang, A.C.: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical EconomicsR.G..D.Allen: Macro-EcnonmicsDorfman. Samuelson and Solow : Linear Programming and EcnomicAnalysis
BOOKS RECOMMENDEDSamuelson. P.A. : Foundation of Economic AnalysisHicks,J.R. : Value and Capital (Mathematical Appendix)Dorfman, Samuelson and Solw : Linear Programming and Economic Analysi
38
lewg&*,p* & vFkZ’kkL=
iz'u i= izFke
xf.krh; vFkZ’kkL=
bdkbZ 1- miHkksdrk ds O;ogkj dk fl)kUr % mi;ksfxrk ,oa mnklhurk oØ fo’ys"k.k] ekax dhyksp] vkenuh ,oa vodk’k] js[kh; O;; iz.kkyh] izdV vf/keku dk fl)kUr] la;qDroLrq,¡] tksf[ke dh fLFkfr] vfuf’prrk ds vUrxZr O;ogkj A
bdkbZ 2- QeZ dk fl)kUr] mRiknu Qyu&dkWc MXyl] lh-bZ-,l- mRiknu Qyu] izfrLFkkiudh yksp] vkxr ekax] ykxr&Qyu ;wyj izes;] mRiknu esa }Snrk] vfuf’prrk dsvUrxZr mRiknu] cktkj larqyu] lewg cktkj larqyu] lk/ku cktkj larqyu] vfLrRo,oa vubD;wuksa dk larqyu dh n`<+rk % LFkSfrd n`<+rk] xR;kRed n`<+rk A
bdkbZ 3- ,dkf/kdkj ds vUrxZre dher fu/kkZj.k]
,dkf/kdkjkRed izfr;ksfxrk] };kf/kdkj] vYikf/kdkj ,oa f}&i{kh; ,dkf/kdkj] [ksyfl)kUr A
bdkbZ 4- lkekU; larqyu] dY;k.kdkjh vkxr&fuxZr ekWMy] ¼can ekWMy o [kqyk ekWMy½ A
bdkbZ 5- jSf[k; izksxzkfeax % flaiysDl rjhdk ,oa }Sr] fgDl lWeqvYlu ekWMy] lksyks rFkkdWkYMj ekWMy ¼vUrj ,oa vodyu lehdj.kksa dk iz;ksx½
ECONOMICSGROUP H - PAPER II
STATISTICAL FOUNDATIONS ANDECONOMETRICS
UNIT I Probability : Conditional Probability and Independence, Random Variables,Density Function-Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Gamma Distribution-Expectations and Moments.
UNIT II Sampling and Sampling Distributions : Sampling, Sample Mean, Law ofLarge Numbers, Central Limit Theorem, Sampling from the NormalDistributions, Chi-Square, F and Student ‘T’ Distributions, Estimation :Parametric Point and Interval Estimation. Methods of finding estimator,Properties of Good Estimator. Testing of Hypothesis and analysis of Variance(Elementary treatment)
REQUIRED READINGS
Mood, Graybill and Boes : Introduction to the theory of Statistics (3rd ed.)Chaps. 1 to 4,6,8 and 9
PART IIUNIT III Econometrics : Simple two variable Models, Ordinary Least Square Estimates
Maximum Likelihood Estimates, Multi variate least SquareRegression, Assumption about Distrubance term
UNIT IV Important Single Equation Problems : Erros in Variables, Autocorelation,
39
Multicollinerity, Lags, Hateroscedasticity. Dummy variable, the unit Root testand cointergation.
UNIT V Simultaneous Equation Model : Need, Problem of Identification, Estimationof Exactly Identified Equation-Indirect Least Squares, Estimation of overIdentified Equation-Two stage least Square, Acquaintance with other Methods
REQUIRED READINGS
Johnston : Econometric (II ed.) Chaps. 1,2, 3,5,6,7,8,9,10 and 12Gujarati, D.W. and Sangeeta : Basic Econometrics (4th ed.), Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co., 2007 Chap.21
iz'u i= f}rh;
lkaf[;dh; cqfu;kn ,oa vFkZfefr
bdkbZ 1- izkf;drk & lizfrcU/k izkf;drk ,oa LorU=rk] ;kn`fPNd pj] ?kuRo Qyu & f}in]
I;klka] izlkekU; ,oa xkek forj.k & izR;k’kk ,oa vk/kw.kZ
bdkbZ 2- izfrp;u ,oa izfrp;u forj.k % izfrp;u] U;k;n’kZ ek/;] cM+h la[;kvksa dk fu;e]
dsUnzh; lhek izes;] izlkekU; forj.k lsl izfrp;u dkbZ&oxZ] F rFkk LVwMsUV T
forj.k] vkdyu % isjkesfVªd] fcUnq ,oa vUrjky vkdyu] vkdyd ikus dh fof/k;ka]
vPNs vkdyd dh fo’ks"krk,¡] ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k ,oa fopj.k dk fo’ys"k.k ¼,fyesUVªh
VªhVes.V½
bdkbZ 3- vFkZfefr % ljy f}pj ekWMy] lkekU; U;wure oxZ vkdyd] vf/kdre laHkfork
vkdyd] cgq:ih U;wure oxZ
izrhixeu] forjd VeZ ds lanHkZ esa ekU;rk,¡
bdkbZ 4- egRoiw.kZ ljy lehdj.k leL;k,¡ % pjksa esa =`fV;ka] LolglEcU/k] cgqlajs[krk] I’prk]
fo"ke fopfyrk; ewd pj] bdkbZ :V ijh{k.k ,oa lglekdyu
bdkbZ 5- ;qxin lehdj.k ekWMy % vko’;drk] vfHkKkr dh leL;k] ;FkkZFkr vfHkKkr
lehdj.k dk vkdyu& vizR;{k U;wure oxZ] vfr vfHkKkr lehdj.k dk vkdyu
& f}pj.k U;wure oxZ] vU; fof/k;ksa ls ifjp;