Geotechnical Design ManualM 46-03.07April 2012Environmental and Engineering ProgramsGeotechnical ServicesAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA) InformationMaterials can be provided in alternative formats by calling the ADA Compliance Manager at 360-705-7097. Persons who are deaf or hard of hearing may contact that number via the Washington Relay Service at 7-1-1.Title VI Notice to the PublicIt is Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) policy to ensure no person shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin, or sex, as provided by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefts of, or be otherwise discriminated against under any of its federally funded programs and activities. Any person who believes his/her Title VI protection has been violated may fle a complaint with WSDOTs Offce of Equal Opportunity (OEO). For Title VI complaint forms and advice, please contact OEOs Title VI Coordinator at 360-705-7082 or 509-324-6018.To get the latest information on WSDOT publications, sign up for individual email updates at www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals.Washington State Department of Transportation Environmental and Engineering Programs Geotechnical Services 1655 S 2nd Avenue Tumwater, WA 98512-6951www.wsdot.wa.gov/business/materialslab/geotechnicalservices.htmWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02Page i July 2010ContentsChapter 1Geotechnical Operations and Administration1.1Scope of Geotechnical Design, Construction, and Maintenance Support1-11.1.1 GeotechnicalDesignObjectivesforProjectDefnitionPhase 1-21.1.2Geotechnical Design Objectives for Project Design Phase1-21.1.3Geotechnical Design Objectives for PS&E Development Phase1-31.2 RoleofOffcesProvidingIn-HouseGeotechnicalDesign,Construction,andMaintenance Support1-31.2.1Lead Role for WSDOT Regarding Geotechnical Policy and Design1-31.2.2Geotechnical Functions Delegated to the Regions1-51.2.3 CoordinationbetweenHQsandRegionRegardingEmergencyResponse 1-81.3Geotechnical Support within the WSDOT Project Management Process (PMP)1-101.3.1 InitiateandAlign 1-101.3.2Plan the Work1-111.3.3Endorse the Plan1-111.3.4Work the Plan1-121.3.5Transition and Closure1-121.3.6 ApplicationofthePMPtoConstruction 1-121.3.7Master Deliverables to be Considered1-131.4 GeotechnicalReportReviewProcess,CertifcationandApprovalRequirements 1-151.4.1 ReportCertifcation 1-161.4.2 ApprovalofReportsProducedbytheHQGeotechnicalDivision 1-171.5 ReportsProducedbyConsultantsorotherAgenciesforWSDOT,andReportsProduced by Design-Builders1-171.6 GeotechnicalConsultantAdministration 1-181.7 GeotechnicalInformationProvidedtoBidders 1-211.7.1Final Geotechnical Project Documentation1-211.7.2Final Geotechnical Documentation Publication1-211.7.3 GeotechnicalInformationtobeIncludedasPartoftheContract 1-221.8Sample Retention and Chain of Custody1-221.9Geotechnical Design Policies and their Basis1-231.10Geotechnical Construction Support Policies1-241.10.1Division of Responsibilities for Construction Support of Design- Bid-Build Projects1-241.10.2Division of Responsibilities for Construction Support of Design- Build Projects1-251.10.3Geotechnical Division Roles and Communication Protocols forConstruction Support1-26ContentsPage iiWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02 July 20101.11Geotechnical Construction Submittal Review Policies1-271.11.1 Proprietary Retaining Walls1-271.11.2Other Construction Submittals (Non-Proprietary walls, Excavation andShoring,SoldierPiles,GroundAnchors,Shafts,Piles,GroundImprovement,etc.) 1-27Appendix1-APreliminary Geotechnical Engineering Services Scope of Work1-29Appendix1-B Geotechnical Engineering Services Scope of Work for PS&E Level Design 1-33Chapter 2Project Geotechnical Planning2.1Overview2-12.2Preliminary Project Planning2-12.2.1Overview2-12.2.2 OffceReview 2-22.2.2.10Site Geology and Seismicity2-32.2.2.20Previous Site Exploration Data2-52.2.2.3Previous Site Use2-62.2.2.4Construction Records2-72.2.3Site Reconnaissance2-72.2.3.1General2-72.3Development of the Subsurface Exploration Plan2-92.3.1General Considerations for Preparation of the Exploration Plan2-92.3.2Criteria for Development2-92.3.3Preparing the Exploration Plan2-152.4References2-17Appendix2-A FieldExplorationRequestForm 2-19Chapter 3Field Investigation3.1Overview3-13.2 ActivitiesandPoliciesBeforeExploration 3-13.3 ActivitiesandPoliciesDuringExploration 3-33.4 ActivitiesandPoliciesAfterExploration 3-73.5Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Calibration3-73.6References3-7Appendix3-A DailyDrillReportForm 3-9Appendix3-B FieldInvestigationBestManagementPracticesforErosionand Spill Prevention3-11Appendix3-C PortablePenetrometerTestProcedures 3-15ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02Page iii July 2010Chapter 4Soil and Rock Classifcation and Logging4.1Overview4-34.2 SoilClassifcation 4-34.2.1Coarse Grained Soils4-44.2.2 Fine-GrainedInorganicSoils 4-74.2.3Organic Fine Grained Soils4-74.2.4 Angularity 4-10Chapter 5Engineering Properties of Soil and Rock5.1Overview5-15.2 InfuenceofExistingandFutureConditionsonSoilandRockProperties 5-25.3Methods of Determining Soil and Rock Properties5-25.4 In-SituFieldTesting 5-35.4.1Well Pumping Tests5-55.4.2Packer Permeability Tests5-55.4.3Seepage Tests5-55.4.4Slug Tests5-65.4.5Piezocone Tests5-65.4.6Flood Tests5-75.5Laboratory Testing of Soil and Rock5-75.5.1 QualityControlforLaboratoryTesting 5-75.5.2Developing the Testing Plan5-95.6Engineering Properties of Soil5-105.6.1LaboratoryIndexPropertyTesting 5-105.6.2Laboratory Performance Testing5-105.6.3Correlations to Estimate Engineering Properties of Soil5-125.7Engineering Properties of Rock5-145.8Final Selection of Design Values5-155.8.1Overview5-155.8.2Data Reliability and Variability5-165.8.3Final Property Selection5-175.8.4DevelopmentoftheSubsurfaceProfle 5-185.8.5Selection of Design Properties for Engineered Materials5-195.9Properties of Predominant Geologic Units in Washington5-235.9.1Loess5-235.9.2Peat/Organic Soils5-245.9.3GlacialTillandGlacialAdvanceOutwash 5-255.9.4Colluvium/Talus5-265.9.5Columbia River Sand5-275.9.6Columbia Basin Basalts5-275.9.7Latah Formation5-285.9.8Seattle Clay5-29ContentsPage ivWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02 July 20105.9.9Bellingham Glaciomarine Drift5-315.9.10 Coastal Range Siltstone/Claystone5-325.9.11 Troutdale Formation5-325.9.12 Marine Basalts - Crescent Formation5-335.9.13 Mlange Rocks on Olympic Peninsula 5-335.10 References5-34Chapter 6Seismic Design6.1Seismic Design Responsibility and Policy6-16.1.1Responsibility of the Geotechnical Designer6-16.1.2Geotechnical Seismic Design Policies6-16.1.2.1Seismic Performance Objectives6-16.1.2.2 LiquefactionMitigationforBridgeWidenings 6-36.1.2.3 MaximumConsideredDepthforLiquefaction 6-46.1.3 GoverningDesignSpecifcationsandAdditionalResources 6-56.2Geotechnical Seismic Design Considerations6-76.2.1Overview6-76.2.2Site Characterization and Development of Seismic Design Parameters6-86.2.3 InformationforStructuralDesign 6-206.3 SeismicHazardandSiteGroundMotionResponseRequirements 6-206.3.1 DeterminationofSeismicHazardLevel 6-226.3.2 SiteGroundMotionResponseAnalysis 6-286.3.3 2006IBCforSiteResponse 6-286.3.4 AdjustingGroundSurfaceAccelerationtoOtherSiteClasses 6-296.3.5 EarthquakeMagnitude 6-306.4 SeismicGeologicHazards 6-306.4.1Fault Rupture6-306.4.2 Liquefaction 6-336.4.2.1Methods to Evaluate Potential Susceptibility of Soil toLiquefaction 6-356.4.2.2 AssessmentofLiquefactionPotential 6-376.4.2.3 MinimumFactorofSafetyAgainstLiquefaction 6-416.4.2.4 LiquefactionInducedSettlement 6-426.4.2.5Residual Strength Parameters6-456.4.2.6 AssessmentofLiquefactionPotentialandEffectsUsingLaboratory Test Data6-456.4.2.7 WeakeningInstabilityDuetoLiquefaction 6-476.4.2.8 CombiningSeismicInertialLoadingwithAnalysesUsingLiquefedSoilStrength 6-506.4.3 SlopeInstabilityDuetoInertialEffects 6-536.4.3.1 Pseudo-StaticAnalysis 6-536.4.3.2Deformations6-546.4.4Settlement of Dry Sand6-57ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02Page v July 20106.5 InputforStructuralDesign 6-576.5.1Foundation Springs6-576.5.1.1Shallow Foundations6-586.5.1.2Deep Foundations6-596.5.2 EarthquakeInducedEarthPressuresonRetainingStructures 6-636.5.3Downdrag Loads on Structures6-636.5.4Lateral Spread / Slope Failure Loads on Structures6-646.5.4.1 DisplacementBasedApproach 6-646.5.4.2 ForceBasedApproaches 6-666.5.4.3 MitigationAlternatives 6-676.6References6-70Appendix6-A SiteSpecifcSeismicHazardandSiteResponse 6-756-A.1 BackgroundInformationforPerformingSiteSpecifcAnalysis 6-756-A.1.1 RegionalTectonics 6-756-A.1.2 SeismicSourceZones 6-766-A.2 DesignEarthquakeMagnitude 6-786-A.3 ProbabilisticandDeterministicSeismicHazardAnalyses 6-796-A.4 SelectionofAttenuationRelationships 6-816-A.5 SiteSpecifcGroundResponseAnalysis 6-816-A.5.1 Design/ComputerModels 6-816-A.5.2 InputParametersforSiteSpecifcResponseAnalysis6-836-A.6 AnalysisUsingAcceleration-TimeHistories 6-84Chapter 7Slope Stability Analysis7.1Overview7-17.2DevelopmentofDesignParametersandOtherInputDataforSlopeStabilityAnalysis 7-17.3DesignRequirements 7-27.4ResistanceFactorsandSafetyFactorsforSlopeStabilityAnalysis 7-47.5References7-5Chapter 8Foundation Design8.1Overview8-18.2Overall Design Process for Structure Foundations8-18.3Data Needed for Foundation Design8-58.3.1 FieldExplorationRequirementsforFoundations 8-78.3.2 LaboratoryandFieldTestingRequirementsforFoundations 8-108.4Foundation Selection Considerations8-108.5Overview of LRFD for Foundations8-128.6LRFD Loads, Load Groups and Limit States to be Considered8-138.6.1 FoundationAnalysistoEstablishLoadDistributionforStructure 8-138.6.2Downdrag Loads8-15ContentsPage viWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02 July 20108.6.3Uplift Loads due to Expansive Soils8-168.6.4Soil Loads on Buried Structures8-168.6.5Service Limit States8-168.6.5.1Tolerable Movements8-178.6.5.2Overall Stability8-198.6.5.3 AbutmentTransitions 8-208.6.6Strength Limit States8-218.6.7Extreme Event Limit States8-218.7 ResistanceFactorsforFoundationDesignDesignParameters 8-218.8 ResistanceFactorsforFoundationDesignServiceLimitStates 8-228.9 ResistanceFactorsforFoundationDesignStrengthLimitStates 8-228.10 ResistanceFactorsforFoundationDesignExtremeEventLimitStates 8-238.10.1Scour8-238.10.2Other Extreme Event Limit States8-238.11Spread Footing Design8-238.11.1 LoadsandLoadFactorApplicationtoFootingDesign 8-248.11.2Footing Foundation Design8-278.11.2.1Footing Bearing Depth8-288.11.2.2Nearby Structures8-288.11.2.3Service Limit State Design of Footings8-288.11.2.3.1Settlement of Footings on Cohesionless Soils8-288.11.2.3.2Settlement of Footings on Rock8-298.11.2.3.3Bearing Resistance at the Service Limit State Using Presumptive Values8-298.11.2.4Strength Limit State Design of Footings8-298.11.2.4.1Theoretical Estimation of Bearing Resistance8-298.11.2.4.2Plate Load Tests for Determination of Bearing Resistance in Soil8-308.11.2.4.3Bearing Resistance of Footings on Rock8-308.11.2.5Extreme Event Limit State Design of Footings8-308.12Driven Pile Foundation Design8-318.12.1 LoadsandLoadFactorApplicationtoDrivenPileDesign 8-338.12.2Driven for Pile Foundation Geotechnical Design8-358.12.2.1Driven Pile Sizes and Maximum Resistances8-358.12.2.2Minimum Pile Spacing8-368.12.2.3Determination of Pile Lateral Resistance8-368.12.2.4Batter Piles8-378.12.2.5Service Limit State Design of Pile Foundations8-378.12.2.5.1Overall Stability8-378.12.2.5.2 HorizontalPileFoundationMovement 8-378.12.2.6Strength Limit State Geotechnical Design of Pile Foundations8-378.12.2.6.1 NominalAxialResistanceChangeafterPileDriving 8-378.12.2.6.2Scour8-37ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02Page vii July 20108.12.2.6.3Downdrag8-398.12.2.6.4 DeterminationofNominalAxialPileResistancein Compression8-418.12.2.6.5 NominalHorizontalResistanceofPileFoundations 8-438.12.2.7Extreme Event Limit State Design of Pile Foundations8-448.13Drilled Shaft Foundation Design8-468.13.1 LoadsandLoadFactorApplicationtoDrilledShaftDesign 8-488.13.2Drilled Shaft Geotechnical Design8-488.13.2.1General Considerations8-488.13.2.2Nearby Structures8-488.13.2.3Service Limit State Design of Drilled Shafts8-498.13.2.3.1 HorizontalMovementofShaftsandShaftGroups 8-498.13.2.3.2Overall Stability8-508.13.2.4Strength Limit State Geotechnical Design of Drilled Shafts8-508.13.2.4.1Scour8-508.13.2.4.2Downdrag8-518.13.2.4.3 NominalHorizontalResistanceofShaftandShaft Group Foundations8-518.13.2.5Extreme Event Limit State Design of Drilled Shafts8-528.14Micropiles8-528.15Proprietary Foundation Systems8-528.16Detention Vaults8-538.16.1Overview8-538.16.2 FieldInvestigationRequirements 8-538.16.3 DesignRequirements 8-548.17References8-54Chapter 9Embankments 9.1Overview and Data Needed9-19.1.1Site Reconnaissance9-19.1.2 FieldExplorationandLaboratoryTestingRequirements 9-29.1.3Soil Sampling and Stratigraphy9-39.1.4Groundwater9-59.2Design Considerations9-69.2.1Typical Embankment Materials and Compaction9-69.2.1.1Rock Embankments9-69.2.1.2 EarthEmbankmentsandBridgeApproachEmbankments 9-79.2.1.3Fill Placement Below Water9-89.2.2Embankments for Detention/Retention Facilities9-89.2.3 StabilityAssessment 9-99.2.3.1Safety Factors9-99.2.3.2Strength Parameters9-10ContentsPage viiiWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02 July 20109.2.4 EmbankmentSettlementAssessment 9-119.2.4.1 SettlementImpacts 9-119.2.4.2 SettlementAnalysis 9-129.2.4.2.1Primary Consolidation9-129.2.4.2.2Secondary Compression9-139.2.4.3Stress Distribution9-139.2.4.3.1 Simple2V:1HMethod 9-139.2.4.3.2Theory of Elasticity9-149.2.4.3.3Empirical Charts9-159.2.4.3.4Rate of Settlement9-169.2.4.4 AnalyticalTools 9-179.3Stability Mitigation9-179.3.1Staged Construction9-179.3.1.1Design Parameters9-199.3.1.2 In-SituShearStrengthandDeterminationofStabilityAssumingUndrained Loading9-209.3.1.3 TotalStressAnalysis 9-229.3.1.4 EffectiveStressAnalysis 9-269.3.2Base reinforcement9-289.3.3 GroundImprovement 9-299.3.4Lightweight Fills9-309.3.4.1Geofoam9-309.3.4.2 LightweightAggregates 9-319.3.4.3Wood Fiber9-319.3.4.4Scrap (Rubber) Tires9-319.3.4.5Light Weight Cellular Concrete9-319.3.4.6Toe Berms and Shear keys9-329.4Settlement Mitigation9-329.4.1 AccelerationUsingWickDrains 9-329.4.2 AccelerationUsingSurcharges 9-339.4.3Lightweight Fills9-349.4.4Over-excavation9-349.5Construction Considerations and PS&E Development 9-359.5.1Settlement and Pore Pressure Monitoring9-369.5.2 Instrumentation 9-379.5.2.1Piezometers9-379.5.2.2 InstrumentationforSettlement 9-389.5.2.2.1Settlement Plates9-389.5.2.2.2Pneumatic Settlement Cells9-389.5.2.2.3Sondex System9-389.5.2.2.4 HorizontalInclinometer 9-389.5.3PS&E Considerations9-399.5.4PS&E Checklist9-399.6References9-40ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.02Page ix July 2010Appendix9-A ExamplesIllustratingStagedFillConstructionDesign 9-439-A.1 ProblemSetup 9-439-A.2 DeterminationofMaximumStableFirstStageFillHeight 9-449-A.3 TotalStressAnalysisProcedureExample 9-459-A.4 EffectiveStressAnalysisProcedureExample 9-51Chapter 10Soil Cut Design 10.1 OverviewandDataAcquisition 10-310.1.1Overview10-310.1.2Site Reconnaissance10-310.1.3Field Exploration10-410.1.3.1Test Borings10-410.1.3.2Sampling 10-410.1.3.3Groundwater Measurement10-510.1.4Laboratory Testing10-510.2Overall Design Considerations10-610.2.1Overview10-610.2.2Design Parameters10-710.3Soil Cut Design10-710.3.1 DesignApproachandMethodology 10-710.3.2 SeepageAnalysisandImpactonDesign 10-910.3.3Drainage Considerations and Design10-910.3.4 StabilityImprovementTechniques 10-1010.3.5Erosion and Piping Considerations10-1110.4Use of Excavated Materials10-1210.5Special Considerations for Loess10-1310.6PS&E Considerations10-2010.7References10-20Appendix10-A WashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportationLoess Slope Design Checklist10-23Chapter 11Ground Improvement 11.1Overview11-311.2 DevelopmentofDesignParametersandOtherInputDataforGroundImprovementAnalysis 11-311.3 DesignRequirements 11-411.4References11-5ContentsPage xWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.05 August 2011Chapter 12Rock Cut Design 12.1Overview12-312.2 DevelopmentofDesignParametersandOtherInputDataforRockCut StabilityAnalysis 12-312.3 DesignRequirements 12-312.4References12-3Chapter 13Landslide Analysis and Mitigation 13.1Overview13-313.2 DevelopmentofDesignParametersandOtherInputDataforLandslideAnalysis 13-313.3 DesignRequirements 13-313.4References13-3Chapter 14Unstable Rockslope Analysis and Mitigation 14.1Overview14-314.2 DevelopmentofDesignParametersandOtherInputDataforUnstableRockslopeAnalysis 14-314.3 DesignRequirements 14-314.4References14-3Chapter 15Abutments, Retaining Walls, and Reinforced Slopes15.1 IntroductionandDesignStandards 15-115.2 OverviewofWallClassifcationsandDesignProcessforWalls 15-215.3 RequiredInformation 15-415.3.1Site Data and Permits15-415.3.2Geotechnical Data Needed for Retaining Wall and Reinforced Slope Design 15-415.3.3Site Reconnaissance15-615.3.4 FieldExplorationRequirements 15-615.3.4.1Exploration Type, Depth, and Spacing15-815.3.4.2 WallsandSlopesRequiringAdditionalExploration 15-915.3.4.2.1Soil Nail Walls15-915.3.4.2.2 WallsWithGroundAnchorsorDeadmenAnchors 15-915.3.4.2.3Wall or Slopes With Steep Back Slopes orSteep Toe Slopes15-1015.3.5 Field,Laboratory,andGeophysicalTestingforAbutments, Retaining Walls, and Reinforced Slopes 15-1015.3.6Groundwater15-1115.3.7 WallBackfllTestingandDesignProperties 15-12ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.05Page xi August 201115.4 GeneralDesignRequirements 15-1215.4.1Design Methods15-1215.4.2Tiered Walls15-1415.4.3Back-to-Back Walls15-1415.4.4Walls on Slopes15-1515.4.5Minimum Embedment15-1615.4.6 WallHeightLimitations 15-1615.4.7 ServiceabilityRequirements 15-1715.4.8 Active,Passive,At-RestEarthPressures 15-1815.4.9Surcharge Loads15-1915.4.10Seismic Earth Pressures15-1915.4.11 Liquefaction 15-2315.4.12Overall Stability15-2315.4.13Wall Drainage15-2315.4.14Utilities15-2415.4.15Guardrail and Barrier15-2415.5 WallTypeSpecifcDesignRequirements 15-2615.5.1Abutments 15-2615.5.2NongravityCantileverandAnchoredWalls 15-2615.5.2.1Nongravity Cantilever Walls15-2615.5.2.2 Anchored/BracedWalls 15-2715.5.2.3 PermanentGroundAnchors 15-2815.5.2.4Deadmen15-3215.5.3Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls15-3215.5.3.1Live Load Considerations for MSE Walls15-3215.5.3.2 BackfllConsiderationsforMSEWalls 15-3415.5.3.3 CompoundStabilityAssessmentforMSEWalls 15-3515.5.3.4Design of MSE Walls Placed in Front of Existing PermanentWalls or Rock15-3615.5.3.5 MSEWallSupportedAbutments 15-3815.5.3.6 FullHeightProppedPrecastConcretePanelMSEWalls 15-4015.5.3.7Flexible Faced MSE Walls With Vegetation15-4115.5.3.8Dry Cast Concrete Block Faced MSE Walls15-4115.5.3.9 InternalStabilityUsingK-StiffnessMethod 15-4315.5.3.9.1K-StiffnessMethodLoadsandLoadFactors 15-4315.5.3.9.2 K-StiffnessMethodLoadFactors 15-5115.5.3.9.3K-StiffnessMethodResistanceFactors 15-5315.5.3.9.4SafetyAgainstStructuralFailure(InternalStability)15-5415.5.3.9.5 StrengthLimitStateDesignforInternalStability UsingtheK-StiffnessMethodGeosyntheticWalls15-5615.5.3.9.6 StrengthLimitStateDesignforInternal StabilityUsingtheK-StiffnessMethodSteel Reinforced Walls15-6015.5.3.9.7 CombiningOtherLoadsWiththeK-StiffnessMethod Estimate of Tmax forInternalStabilityDesign 15-6415.5.3.9.8DesignSequenceConsiderationsforthe K-StiffnessMethod 15-64ContentsPage xiiWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.05 August 201115.5.4Prefabricated Modular Walls15-6515.5.5Rock Walls15-6515.5.6Reinforced Slopes15-6615.5.7Soil Nail Walls15-6715.6Standard Plan Walls15-6815.7Temporary Cut Slopes and Shoring 15-6915.7.1Overview15-6915.7.2Geotechnical Data Needed for Design15-7115.7.3 GeneralDesignRequirements 15-7115.7.3.1Design Procedures15-7215.7.3.2Safety Factors/Resistance Factors15-7215.7.3.3Design Loads15-7315.7.3.4Design Property Selection15-7415.7.4 SpecialRequirementsforTemporaryCutSlopes 15-7415.7.5 PerformanceRequirementsforTemporaryShoringandCutSlopes 15-7615.7.6 SpecialDesignRequirementsforTemporaryRetainingSystems 15-7715.7.6.1FillApplications 15-7715.7.6.1.1MSE Walls15-7715.7.6.1.2Prefabricated Modular Block Walls15-7815.7.6.2CutApplications 15-7815.7.6.2.1Trench Boxes15-7915.7.6.2.2 SheetPiling,withorwithoutGroundAnchors 15-7915.7.6.2.3 SoldierPilesWithorWithoutGroundAnchors 15-8015.7.6.2.4Prefabricated Modular Block Walls15-8015.7.6.2.5Braced Cuts15-8015.7.6.2.6Soil Nail Walls15-8015.7.6.3UncommonShoringSystemsforCutApplications 15-8115.7.7Shoring and Excavation Design Submittal Review Guidelines15-8115.8References15-83Appendices 15-86PreapprovedWallAppendices 15-87Appendix15-A PreapprovedProprietaryWallandReinforcedSlopeGeneralDesignRequirementsandResponsibilities 15-A-1Appendix15-B PreapprovedProprietaryWall/ReinforcedSlopeDesignandConstruction Review Checklist15-B-1Appendix15-C HITECEarthRetainingSystemsEvaluationforMSEWallandReinforcedSlopeSystems,asModifedforWSDOTUse:SubmittalRequirements 15-C-1Appendix15-D PreapprovedProprietaryWallSystems 15-D-1Appendix15-E DescriptionofTypicalTemporaryShoringSystemsandSelectionConsiderations15-E-1ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.07Page xiii April 2012Preapproved Wall Appendix:Specifc Requirements and Details for LB Foster Retained Earth Concrete Panel Walls1Specifc Requirements and Details for Eureka Reinforced Soil Concrete Panel Walls11Specifc Requirements and Details for Hilfker Welded Wire Faced Walls15Specifc Requirements and Details for KeySystem I Walls21Specifc Requirements and Details for Tensar MESA Walls31Specifc Requirements and Details for T-WALL (The Neel Company)51Specifc Requirements and Details for Reinforced Earth (RECO) Concrete Panel Walls 67Specifc Requirements and Details for Tensar ARES Walls117Specifc Requirements and Details for Nelson Walls137Specifc Requirements and Details for Tensar Welded Wire Form Walls143Chapter 16Geosynthetic Design 16.1Overview16-316.2Development of Design Parameters for Geosynthetic Application16-316.3Design Requirements16-416.4References16-4Chapter 17Foundation Design for Signals, Signs, Noise Barriers,Culverts, and Buildings17.1General17-317.1.1Overview17-317.1.2Site Reconnaissance17-317.1.3Field Investigation17-317.2Foundation Design Requirements for Cantilever Signals, Strain Poles,Cantilever Signs, Sign Bridges, and Luminaires - General17-617.2.1Design by Correlation for Cantilever Signals, Strain Poles, Cantilever Signs, Sign Bridges, and Luminaires17-617.2.2Special Design for Cantilever Signals, Strain Poles, Cantilever Signs, Sign Bridges, and Luminaires17-917.2.3Cantilever Signals and Strain Pole Standards17-917.2.3.1Overview17-917.2.3.2Standard Foundation Designs17-1017.2.3.3Construction Considerations17-10ContentsPage xivWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.05 August 201117.2.4Cantilever and Sign Bridges17-1117.2.4.1Overview17-1117.2.4.2Standard Foundation Designs17-1117.2.4.3Construction Considerations17-1117.2.5Luminaires (Light Standards)17-1217.2.5.1Overview17-1217.2.5.2Standard Foundation Design17-1217.2.5.3Construction Considerations17-1317.3Noise Barriers17-1317.3.1Overview17-1317.3.4Foundation Design Requirements for Noise Barriers17-1417.3.4.1Spread Footings17-1417.3.4.2Shaft Foundations17-1517.3.4.3Non-Standard Foundation Design17-1717.3.3Construction Considerations17-1817.4Culverts17-1817.4.1Overview17-1817.4.2Culvert Design and Construction Considerations17-1817.5Buildings17-1917.5.1Overview17-1917.5.2Design Requirement for Buildings17-1917.6References17-22Chapter 18Geotechnical Design for Marine Structure Foundations18.1Overview18-318.2Design Philosophy18-318.3Load and Resistance Factors for Marine Structures Subject to Ship Impact18-318.4References18-3Chapter 19Infltration Facility Design19.1Overview19-319.2Geotechnical Investigation and Design for Infltration Facilities19-319.3References19-3Chapter 20Unstable Slope Management20.1Overview20-320.2References20-3ContentsWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.06Page xv November 2011Chapter 21Materials Source Investigation and Report21.1Overview21-321.2 MaterialSourceGeotechnicalInvestigation 21-321.3Materials Source Report 21-6Chapter 22Geotechnical Project Development, Reports, andSupport for Design-Build Projects22-122.1Overview22-122.2 Defnitions 22-122.3 FieldInvestigationRequirementsfortheGDRandGBR 22-222.4 PurposeandContentoftheGeotechnicalReportsIncluded in the Contract Documents22-522.5Geotechnical Memoranda and Other Reference Documents 22-822.6Geotechnical RFP Development 22-1022.7 GeotechnicalInvestigationDuringRFPAdvertisement 22-1122.8Geotechnical Support for Design-Build Projects22-12Appendix22-A ExampleSupplementalGeotechnicalBoringProgramITPLanguage 22-15Chapter 23Geotechnical Reporting and Documentation 23.1 OverviewandGeneralRequirements 23-123.2 ReportCertifcationandGeneralFormat 23-223.2 GeotechnicalDivisionReportContentRequirements 23-723.2.1Conceptual or Preliminary Level Geotechnical Reports23-723.2.2Final Geotechnical Design Reports23-923.2.3 SpecialReportingRequirementsforLRFDFoundationandWallDesigns 23-1323.2.3.1Footings23-1323.2.3.2Drilled Shafts23-1523.2.3.3Piles23-1723.2.3.4Retaining Walls23-1923.3 InformationtoBeProvidedintheGeotechnicalDesignFile 23-2423.3.1Documentation for Conceptual Level Geotechnical Design23-2423.3.2Documentation for Final Geotechnical Design23-2523.3.3Geotechnical File Contents23-2623.4Consultant Geotechnical Reports and Documentation Produced on Behalfof WSDOT23-2723.5Summary of Geotechnical Conditions23-28Appendix23-A PS&EReviewChecklist 23-31Appendix23-BTypical Design Cross-Section for a Deep Foundation23-37ContentsPage xviWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.05 August 2011Chapter 1GeotechnicalOperations and AdministrationContents1.1 ScopeofGeotechnicalDesign,Construction,andMaintenanceSupport 1-11.1.1 GeotechnicalDesignObjectivesforProjectDefnitionPhase 1-21.1.2 GeotechnicalDesignObjectivesforProjectDesignPhase 1-21.1.3 GeotechnicalDesignObjectivesforPS&EDevelopmentPhase 1-31.2 RoleofOffcesProvidingIn-HouseGeotechnicalDesign,Construction,andMaintenanceSupport 1-31.2.1 LeadRoleforWSDOTRegardingGeotechnicalPolicyandDesign 1-31.2.2 GeotechnicalFunctionsDelegatedtotheRegions 1-51.2.3 CoordinationbetweenHQsandRegionRegardingEmergencyResponse 1-81.3 GeotechnicalSupportwithintheWSDOTProjectManagementProcess(PMP) 1-101.3.1 InitiateandAlign 1-101.3.2 PlantheWork 1-111.3.3 EndorsethePlan 1-111.3.4 WorkthePlan 1-121.3.5 TransitionandClosure 1-121.3.6 ApplicationofthePMPtoConstruction 1-121.3.7 MasterDeliverablestobeConsidered 1-131.4 GeotechnicalReportReviewProcess,CertifcationandApprovalRequirements 1-151.4.1 ReportCertifcation 1-161.4.2 ApprovalofReportsProducedbytheHQGeotechnicalDivision 1-171.5 ReportsProducedbyConsultantsorotherAgenciesforWSDOT,andReportsProducedbyDesign-Builders 1-171.6 GeotechnicalConsultantAdministration 1-181.7 GeotechnicalInformationProvidedtoBidders 1-211.7.1 FinalGeotechnicalProjectDocumentation 1-211.7.2 FinalGeotechnicalDocumentationPublication 1-211.7.3 GeotechnicalInformationtobeIncludedasPartoftheContract 1-221.8 SampleRetentionandChainofCustody 1-221.9 GeotechnicalDesignPoliciesandtheirBasis 1-231.10 GeotechnicalConstructionSupportPolicies 1-241.10.1 DivisionofResponsibilitiesforConstructionSupportofDesign- Bid-BuildProjects 1-241.10.2 DivisionofResponsibilitiesforConstructionSupportofDesign- BuildProjects 1-251.10.3 GeotechnicalDivisionRolesandCommunicationProtocolsfor ConstructionSupport 1-26WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-i J anuary 20101.11 GeotechnicalConstructionSubmittalReviewPolicies 1-271.11.1 ProprietaryRetainingWalls 1-271.11.2 OtherConstructionSubmittals(Non-Proprietarywalls,ExcavationandShoring,SoldierPiles,GroundAnchors,Shafts,Piles,GroundImprovement,etc.) 1-27Appendix1-A PreliminaryGeotechnicalEngineeringServicesScopeofWork 1-29Appendix1-B GeotechnicalEngineeringServicesScopeofWorkforPS&ELevel Design1-33ContentsChapter 1Page 1-iiWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010 Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and Administration1.1Scope of Geotechnical Design, Construction, and Maintenance SupportThefocusofgeotechnicaldesign,construction,andmaintenancesupportwithinthecontextofWSDOTistoinsurethatthesoilorrockbeneaththegroundsurfacecansupporttheloadsandconditionsplacedonitbytransportationfacilities.Typicalgeotechnicalactivitiesincludethefollowing: subsurfacefeldinvestigations, geologicsitecharacterization,laboratorytestingofsoilandrock, structurefoundationandretainingwalldesign, soilcutandfllstabilitydesign, subsurfacegroundimprovement, seismicsitecharacterizationanddesign, rockslopedesign, unstableslopemanagement, unstableslope(e.g.,rockfall,landslides,debrisfow,etc.)mitigation, infltration,subsurfacedrainageandrelatedhydrogeologicdesign, materialsource(pitsandquarries)evaluation, long-termsitemonitoringforgeotechnicalengineeringpurposes, supporttoRegionalconstructionstaffregardinggeotechnicalissuesandcontractorclaims,and supporttoRegionalmaintenancestaffasgeotechnicalproblems(e.g.,landslides,rockfall,earthquakeorfooddamage,etc.)ariseontransportationfacilitiesthroughoutthestate.A geotechnical investigation isconductedonallprojectsthatinvolvesignifcantgradingquantities(includingstateownedmaterialssourcedevelopment),unstableground,foundationsforstructures,andgroundwaterimpacts(includinginfltration).Thegoalofthegeotechnicalinvestigationistopreservethesafetyofthepublicwhousethefacility,aswellastopreservetheeconomicinvestmentbytheStateofWashington.Asdefnedinthismanual,geotechnicalengineeringisinclusiveofalltheaspectsofdesignandconstructionsupportasdescribedabove,andincludesthedisciplinesoffoundationengineeringandengineeringgeology.Geotechnicalengineeringshallbeconductedbyengineersorengineeringgeologistswhopossessadequategeotechnicaltrainingandexperience.WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-1 J anuary 2010Geotechnicalengineeringshallbeconductedinaccordancewithregionallyornationallyacceptedgeotechnicalpractice,andthegeotechnicalengineeringpracticeasdefnedbythismanual.Geotechnicalengineeringshall be performedby,orunderthedirectsupervisionof,apersonlicensedtoperformsuchworkinthestateofWashington,whoisqualifedbyeducationorexperienceinthistechnicalspecialtyofengineeringperWAC196-27A-020.Forworkthatdoesordoesnotrequirecertifcationbyaprofessionalengineer,butdoesrequirecertifcationbyalicensedengineeringgeologist(LEG),suchworkalsoshallbeperformedby,orunderthedirectsupervisionof,apersonlicensedtoperformsuchworkinthestateofWashington,whoisqualifedbyeducationorexperienceinthistechnicalspecialtyperWAC308-15-090.1.1.1 GeotechnicalDesignObjectivesforProjectDefnitionPhaseFortheprojectdefnitionphase,thegeotechnicalrecommendationsprovidedwillbeattheconceptual/feasibilitylevel,forthepurposeofdevelopingaprojectestimatetoestablishthetransportationconstructionprogramtobeapprovedbythelegislature.Theinvestigationforthisphaseusuallyconsistsofafeldreconnaissancebythegeotechnicaldesignerandareviewoftheexistingrecords,geologicmaps,andsoforth.Forprojectsthatlacksignifcantgeotechnicalinformationorarecomplex,somesoilboringsmaybedrilledatcriticallocationsfordevelopmentoftheprojectdefnitionwithapprovaloftheStateGeotechnicalEngineer.Akeyroleofthegeotechnicaldesignerinthisstageofaprojectistoidentifypotentialfatalfawswiththeproject,potentialconstructabilityissues,andgeotechnicalhazardssuchasearthquakesourcesandfaults,liquefaction,landslides,rockfall,andsoftground,forexample.Thegeotechnicaldesignershallprovideconceptualhazardavoidanceormitigationplanstoaddressalltheidentifedgeotechnicalissues.Anassessmentoftheeffectgeotechnicalissueshaveonconstructionstagingandprojectconstructabilitymustbemadeatthistime.Futuregeotechnicaldesignservicesneededintermsoftime,cost,and the need for special permits to perform the geotechnical investigation (criticalareasordinances),aredeterminedatthistime.1.1.2Geotechnical Design Objectives for Project Design PhaseItisinthisphasethattheRegionoffce,orcivilconsultant,refnesanddefnestheprojectsalignment,setsproflesandgrade,andidentifesspecifcprojectelementstobeaddressedbyspecialtygroupswithinWSDOT,orotherconsultants.Oncethepreliminaryprojectelementsandalignmentsfortheprojectareestablished,thegeotechnicaldesignerwillassessfeasiblecutandfllslopestoenabletheRegionorcivilconsultanttoestablishtheright-of-wayneedsfortheproject.Wherewallsmaybeneeded,usingapproximatewalllocationsandheightsidentifedbytheRegion,anassessmentoffeasiblewalltypesisperformedbythegeotechnicaldesigner,primarilytoestablishright-of-wayandeasementneeds(asistrueforslopes).Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-2WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010TheRegionwillidentifypotentiallocationsforinfltration/detentionfacilities,and the geotechnical designer shall begin investigating and assessing if the selectedsitesaresuitableforinfltration.Thegeotechnicaldataandanalysisneededtoassessinfltration/detentionfacilitysizeandfeasibility,includingtheseasonalgroundwatermeasurementsnecessarytomeettherequirementsintheHighwayRunoffManual(HRM)arealsoobtained.Sizingoftheinfltration/detentionfacilitiesisconductedatthistimetomakesureenoughright-of-wayisavailabletoaddresstheprojectstormwaterrequirements.Conceptualand/ormoredetailedpreliminarybridgefoundationdesign,forexample,Type,Size,&Location(TS&L),ifrequired,maybeconductedduringthisphase,ifitwasnotconductedduringprojectdefnition,toevaluatebridgealternativesanddevelopamoreaccurateestimateofcost.Beforetheendofthisphase,thegeotechnicaldatanecessarytoallowfuturecompletionofthePS&Eleveldesignworkisgathered(fnalgeometricdata,testholedata,andsoforth.)1.1.3Geotechnical Design Objectives for PS&E Development PhaseItisinthisphasethatfnaldesignofallgeotechnicalprojectfeaturesisaccomplished.Recommendationsforthesedesigns,aswellasspecialprovisions and plan details to incorporate the geotechnical design recommendationsinthePS&E,areprovidedinthegeotechnicalreportsandmemorandumspreparedbythegeotechnicaldesigner.Thismanual,AASHTOSpecifcations,andWSDOTsvariousengineeringpublicationsprovidespecifcdesignrequirementsforthisphaseofdesign.Detailedrecommendationsforthestagingandconstructabilityoftheprojectgeotechnicalfeaturesarealsoprovided.1.2Role of Offces Providing In-House Geotechnical Design, Construction, and Maintenance Support1.2.1Lead Role for WSDOT Regarding Geotechnical Policy and DesignBasedonanexecutivelevelpolicydecisioninitiatedin1980,formallyimplementedin1983,andlaterformallydocumentedintheWSDOTStateDesignManual(M22-01),geotechnicaldesign,constructionsupport,andmaintenancesupportfunctionsarecentralizedasaHeadquartersfunction.Asaresultofthisexecutivedecision,theHQMaterialsLaboratorywasdirectedtobeginobtainingstaffwithspecializedgeotechnicalexpertiseandtomaintainthatspecializedexpertise.TheregionsweredirectedtoretaintheRegionMaterialsEngineerposition,andthatRegionMaterialsstaffbetrainedintheareaofsoilstothedegreepossibletobeabletofunctionasaneffectiveliaisonwiththeHQMaterialsLaboratorygeotechnicalpersonnel.However,themajorgeotechnicalwork(seeWSDOTGDMSection1.2.2)istobeconductedbytheHQsstaff,basedonthisexecutivepolicy.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-3 J anuary 2010Therefore,theHeadquarters(HQ)GeotechnicalDivisionprovidestheleadregarding the development and implementation of geotechnical design policy forWSDOT.TheStateGeotechnicalEngineeristhefnalapprovalauthorityforgeotechnicalpolicy,andforgeotechnicalinvestigationsanddesignsconductedstatewideforWSDOTprojects.GeotechnicalpoliciesarecontainedintheWSDOTStateDesignManual(e.g.,Chapters510,530,and1130),theStandardPlans,theStandard Specifcations,andinGeneralSpecialProvisionsinadditiontothisGeotechnicalDesignManual.TheStateGeotechnicalEngineerisalsothefnalapprovalauthorityregardinggeotechnicaldesignsconductedbyothers(e.g.,localagencies,developers,etc.)thatresultinmodifcationtotransportationfacilitiesthatareunderthejurisdictionofWSDOTorotherwiseimpactWSDOTfacilities.ThefunctionalstructureoftheHQGeotechnicalDivisionisprovidedinFigure1-1.State Geotechnical EngineerFoundation Engineering SectionEngineering Geology SectionEngineeringGeology Design UnitUnstableSlope Pitand Quarry- GIS UnitEngineeringGeologyDesign UnitFieldExplorationUnitFoundationDesign UnitGeotechnicalDivisionTechnicianand ClericalSupportGeotechnicalConsultant Liaison,InnovativeContracting, andProjectDevelopmentFoundationDesign UnitGeotechnicalDivisionLaboratory andInstrumentationSupportGeotechnicalConstructionSupportFoundationDesign UnitFunctional organization of the WSDOT HQ Geotechnical Division.Figure 1-1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-4WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 20101.2.2Geotechnical Functions Delegated to the RegionsSomegeotechnicalfunctionshavebeendelegatedtotheRegionMaterialsEngineers(RME),asdescribedintheWSDOTStateDesignManual,Chapter510.Ingeneral,theRMEfunctionsastheinitialpointofcontactforallgeotechnicalwork,withtheexceptionofBridgeOffce,WashingtonStateFerries(WSF),andUrbanCorridorsOffce(UCO)projects.Ifthegeotechnicalworkrequiredisrelativelystraightforward(inthatthegroundisstableandrelativelyfrm,bedrockisnotinvolved,thedesignisnotcomplicatedbyhighgroundwaterorseepage,andthedesignoftheprojectgeotechnicalelementsdoesnotrequirespecializedgeotechnicaldesignexpertise),theRMEtakestheleadinconductingthegeotechnicalwork.Ifthisisnotthecase,theRMEasksfortheinvolvementandservicesoftheHQGeotechnicalDivision.TheHQGeotechnicalDivisionrespondstoandprovidesrecommendationsdirectlytotheWSDOTOffceresponsiblefortheproject,butalwayskeepstheRMEinformed.Forstructuralprojects(bridgesandtunnels,forexample),theBridgeandStructuresOffceworksdirectlywiththeHQGeotechnicalDivision.ForWSFprojects,theTerminalEngineeringOffceworksdirectlywiththeRMEortheHQGeotechnicalDivision,dependingonthenatureoftheproject.ForUCOprojects,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionhandlesallgeotechnicalwork.GeneralguidelinesandrequirementsregardingcoordinationofgeotechnicalworkareprovidedintheWSDOTStateDesignManual,Section510.04.Figure1-2illustratesthedivisionofgeotechnicaldesignresponsibilitybetweentheregionmaterialsoffcesandtheHQGeotechnicalDivisionandisconsistentwiththeWSDOTStateDesignManual.TheRegionMaterialsEngineers(RME)andtheirstaff,andtheHQGeotechnicalDivisionpersonnelshouldcommunicateonaregularbasisasgeotechnicalprojectsdevelop.TheRMEshouldbeviewedastheHQGeotechnicalDivisionsrepresentativeintheregion.TheRMEsfunctionastheinitialpointofcontactforgeotechnicalworkintheirrespectiveregionsinthattheRMEwillbeevaluatingtheprojectsincludedintheconstructionprogramwithintheirrespectiveregionsatthebeginningofthedesignphaseforthoseprojects,anddecidingifthenatureoftheworkincludedinthoseprojectswillrequireHQGeotechnicalDivisioninvolvementanddesignsupport.Similarly,duringtheprojectdefnitionphase,theRMEfunctionsastheinitialpointofcontactregardinggeotechnicalissues.IfitappearsthenatureofthegeotechnicalissuesthatneedtobeaddressedtodevelopanaccurateprojectdefnitionwillrequireHQGeotechnicalDivisionassistance,theRMEisresponsibletocontacttheHQGeotechnicalDivisiontoobtaingeotechnicalinputfortheproject.Figure1-2shouldbeusedasaguideforthispurposeforprojectdefnition,design,andPS&Edevelopment,butsomejudgmentwillberequired,asspecifcprojectsand/orconditionsmaynotcompletelyfttheprojectcategorieslistedinFigure1-2.TheRMEoffceandtheHQGeotechnicalDivisionmustviewthemselvesasateamtogetthegeotechnicalworkaccomplishedfromprojectChapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-5 J anuary 2010inceptiontocompletionoftheconstruction.IftheRMEisnotsureifHQGeotechnicalDivisioninvolvementisneeded,theRMEandHQGeotechnicalDivisionshoulddiscusstheprojectneedstogether.ForgeotechnicalworkthatisclearlytheresponsibilityoftheRMEtocompletebasedonFigure1-2,theRMEshouldcompletethegeotechnicalsubsurfacesiteinvestigationplan,performthedesign,andcompletetheregionsoilsreport.Forthoseregionsthatdonothavetheresources(i.e.,drillcrews)tocarryoutthegeotechnicalsubsurfacesiteinvestigation,theRMEsubmitstheplantotheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,ortheindividualdelegatedtoactonbehalfoftheStateGeotechnicalEngineer.Inthiscase,thesubsurfacesiteinvestigationiscarriedoutbytheHQGeotechnicalDivisionFieldInvestigationUnit.IftheresultsofthesiteinvestigationdemonstratethattheprojectgeotechnicaldesignisstillaRMEresponsibility,thedatafromthesiteinvestigationwillbeprovidedtotheRMEandtheRMEwillcompletethegeotechnicaldesignandreport.IfthesubsurfaceconditionsaresuchthatHQinvolvementisrequired,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionwilldiscussthedesignresponsibilitywiththeRME.If,duetothenatureoftheprojectorthepotentialsubsurfaceconditions,itisnotclearifthedesignwillbeaHQorregionresponsibility,theRMEshouldcontacttheHQGeotechnicalDivisionforassistanceinplanning,andifnecessarytocarryout,thegeotechnicalinvestigationanddesign.WithregardtodivisionofworkbetweentheHQGeotechnicalDivisionandtheRME,Figure1-2indicatesthatHQinvolvementisrequiredifthesoilsappeartobesoftorunstable.Asageneralguide,granularsoilsclassifedaslooseorveryloose(i.e.,N10blows/ft)andclaysclassifedasverysofttostiff(N15blows/ft)shouldbeconsideredpotentiallyunstable,especiallyiftheyarewetorareexhibitingsignsofinstabilitysuchascrackingorslumping.WhensuchsoilsareencounteredbytheRME,whetherornottheworkshouldberetainedbytheRMEshouldbediscussedwiththeHQGeotechnicalDivisiontodetermineofmoredetailedinputfromHQregardingthestabilityofthesoilsencounteredisneeded.Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-6WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010Project Development and/or MaintenanceThrough RME to HQ Geotech. DivisionJ oint Field Investigation by Region and Geotech. DivisionField Investigationby RegionField Investigation by Geotech. DivisionTypical Projects:Bridge StructuresMajor Bldg. Found.Ferry TerminalsLandslidesAll Rock CutsMinor Cuts/Fills 10 ft, with Unstable Soil (includes all wetlands)Major Cuts/Fills >10 ft (most soils)Walls >10 ft, Rockeries >5 ft, and all Geosynthetic and Special Design WallsWalls on Steep Slopes, with Heavy Surcharges, or on Soft SoilCulverts >3 ft dia. Infiltration ponds with slopes >10 ft high, or any pond in soft soil, or where seepage could cause instabilityTypical Projects:Minor Cuts/Fills 10 ft, with Potentially Unstable SoilWalls 10 ft and rockeries 5 ft on Potentially Unstable or Soft SoilMaint. Bldgs, Rest Areas, & Park & Ride Lots, with Potentially unstable SoilPits & Quarries (field investigation only)Signs, Signals, & Luminaires which Need Special FoundationSliver cuts/fills >10 ft or culverts/arches >3 ft in dense to very dense soilsInfiltration ponds with potentially unstable soil, or located on sloping groundTypical Projects:ResurfacingMinor Cuts/Fills 10 ft, with no Unstable SoilWalls 10 ft and Rockeries 5 ft, Except Wall on Steep Slope or on Soft SoilMaint. Bldgs, Rest Areas, & Park & Ride Lots, with no unstable Soil Culverts 3 ft dia.Signs, Signals, & Luminaires with standard foundation Pits & QuarriesPavement and Structure Coring, pHInfiltration ponds with slopes 10 ft high, in gently sloping areas not in soft or unstable soilsRegion soil report or memo by RMEHQ Review and concurrenceHQ Geotechnical Report or MemoCC to RMETo AppropriateDesign/Construction OfficeGeotechnical design workfow and division of responsibility.Figure 1-2Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-7 J anuary 20101.2.3Coordination between HQs and Region Regarding Emergency ResponseTheneedforemergencygeotechnicalresponseisprimarilytheresultofslopefailure,rockfallevents,fooding,orearthquakes.Forthecaseofslopefailure(includingretainingwalls)androckfallevents,andslopefailurecausedbyfoodingorearthquakes,thefollowingprocessshouldbeused:1. Oncethefailureoccurs,RegionMaintenanceconductsaninitialevaluationofthesite.2. Ifthereisanyquestionastothestabilityoftheaffectedslopeandthepotentialforfutureslopemovementorrockfall,theRegionMaintenanceOffceshouldcontacttheRegionalMaterialsEngineer(RME).3. TheRMEperformsasitereviewassoonaspossibletoassessthemagnitudeoftheproblem,andtodetermineifHQGeotechnicalDivisionassistanceisneeded.Tosavetime,theRMEmay,attheRMEsdiscretion,skiptheRMEfeldreviewandtransferthefeldreviewandalldesignresponsibilitiesfullytotheHQGeotechnicalDivision,ifitisobviousthatHQinvolvementwillbeneeded.IfitisdeterminedthatadetailedgeotechnicalevaluationbytheHQGeotechnicalDivisionisnotneeded(e.g.,conditionsarenotgeologicallycomplex,thefailureislimitedinextent,andtheriskofcontinuedslopemovementorinstabilityislow,andslopestabilizationmethodsarenotrequired),theRMEprovidesrecommendationstocompletethecleanupandfacilityrepair.4. Ifitisdeterminedthatthereisarealthreatofcontinuedslopemovement,instability,orrockfall,therearegeologicalcomplexitiesatthesitethatwillrequireamoredetailedgeotechnicalanalysistoassessthepotentialthreat,orifanengineeredslopestabilitymitigationmayberequired,theRMEimmediatelycontactstheHQGeotechnicalDivisiontocompletetheinitialevaluation.Thiscontactmayinitiallytaketheformofaphonecalland/ore-mailwithphotos,andassoonaspossibleajointsitereview,iftheHQGeotechnicalDivisionfeelsitiswarranted.5. TheHQGeotechnicalDivisionspecialist(s)respondsassoonaspossibleandcomestositetomakeaninitialassessment.ThespecialistprovidestheRegion(onsite)withthatassessmentandtherisk(s)associatedwiththatassessment.Theassessmentincludesevaluationofthecause(s)oftheinstability,thepotentialforfutureinstability,whetherornotthethreatoffutureinstabilityisimmediate,thepotentialthreattopublicandworkersafety,andtheneedforslopestabilizationmeasures.6. TheRegion(typicallyaprojectoffce)shouldusethefeldrecommendationsprovidedbytheHQGeotechnicalDivisionspecialisttobegindevelopingascopeofworkandcostestimatetocompletetheemergencyworkconcurrentlywithHQGeotechnicalDivisionmanagementreviewofthefeldrecommendations,andwillimmediatelycontact the region if any changes in the recommendations are needed as a resultofthetechnicalreviewoftherecommendations.Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-8WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 20107. Basedontheassessmentandrecommendations,theRegionevaluatesrisk(s)andcosttomitigatetheproblem.TheRegionthenmakesadecisiontoeitherimmediatelyrepairtheslopeandfacility,openingupthefacilitytothepublic,ortoclose,maintainclosure,orotherwiselimitfacilitypublicaccess.Iftheriskistoohightoimmediatelyrepairthefacilityand/oropenituptofullpublicaccess,theRegionrequeststheHQGeotechnicalDivisionforamorecompleteevaluationandstabilizationrecommendation.8. Oncestabilizationrecommendationsaredeveloped,theslopeisstabilized,andthefacilityisreopened.Duringthestabilizationconstructionactivities,thepointofcontacttoaddressanyproblemsthatoccurandtoreviewtheacceptabilityofthefnishedstabilizationmeasuresistheoffcewhodevelopedthestabilizationrecommendations.9. Sincemultipleactivitiesconductedbyseveraloffcesmustoccursimultaneouslytoaddressanemergencyslopeproblem,frequentstakeholdermeetingsorconferencecallsshouldbeconductedthroughoutthedurationoftheemergencyproject(designandconstruction)tokeepallstakeholdersinformedandtomakeintermediatedecisionsasneeded.Thesestakeholdermeetingsorconferencecallsshouldoccuratkeyjuncturesinthedevelopmentoftheproject,orasneededbasedonthespecifcneedsanddurationoftheproject.Floodorseismiceventscanalsoresultinemergencyconditionsthatneedgeotechnicalevaluation.Otherthantheslopestabilityissuesaddressedabove,sucheventscanaffecttheintegrityofbridgesandotherstructures.Inthesesituations,otherthankeepingtheRMEinformedofthesituation,theprocessforgeotechnicalevaluationprimarilyinvolvestheBridgeOffce.IfthestructureisunderthejurisdictionofWSF,thenWSFwouldberesponsibletoinitiatethegeotechnicalinvestigationinsteadoftheBridgeOffce.Inthesecases,theprocessisgenerallyasfollows:1. Oncethefailureorstructuredistressoccursandbecomesknown,theBridgeOffce(orWSFformarineandterminalwork)conductsaninitialevaluationofthestructure.2. Ifthereisdamageorpotentialdamagetothestructurefoundation,theBridgeoffceorWSFcontactstheHQGeotechnicalDivisiontoconductaninitialevaluationtoassesstheproblem,identifypotentialriskstothestructureandthepublic,anddeveloppreliminarysolutions.TheHQGeotechnicalDivisionshouldnotifytheRMEregardingtheproblematthispoint,anddiscusswiththeRMEanyinvolvementtheRegionMaterialsOffcemayneedtohave.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-9 J anuary 20103. Basedonthisinitialevaluation,theBridgeOffce,inconcertwiththeRegion,orWSFinthecaseofmarineorterminalfacilities,determineswhetherornottorestrictpublicaccess,ortoclosethefacility,andwhetheror not to proceed with a more complete geotechnical investigation to developarepairorreplacementforthestructurefoundation.4. Ifitisdeterminedthatamorecompletegeotechnicalinvestigationisneeded,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionproceedswiththeinvestigationanddevelopsdesignrecommendations.1.3Geotechnical Support within the WSDOT Project Management Process (PMP)ByExecutiveOrderE1032.00,allphasesofWSDOTcapitaltransportationprojectsaretobedeliveredaccordingtotheprinciplesandpracticesoftheProjectManagementProcess(PMP).Ingeneral,thePMPincludesfvemainsteps.ThesestepsareInitiateandAlign,PlantheWork,EndorsethePlan,WorkthePlan,andTransitionandClosure.Priortoorduringtheinitiateandalignstep,theprojectmanagershouldcontacttheRMEtodetermineifthenatureoftheprojectcouldrequireHQGeotechnicalDivisioninvolvement.IfitappearsthatHQGeotechnicalDivisioninvolvementmayberequired,theRMEshouldmakearrangementstohaveaHQGeotechnicalDivisionrepresentativeincludedinPMPactivities.Notethatatthispoint,detailedprojectsitedatawilllikelynotbeavailable.Therefore,thisdeterminationbytheRMEwilllikelyneedtobemadebasedonconceptualprojectdata,andpossiblyaprojectsitereview.Thisdeterminationmustbemadeearlyintheprojectdevelopmentprocess.Forexample,iftheprojectisdefnedforPMPtoincludethedevelopmentoftheprojectdefnition(seeWSDOTGDMSection1.1.1),thisdeterminationmustbemadeatthebeginningoftheprojectdefnitionphase.IftheprojectisdefnedinsteadtoincludeonlytheprojectdesignandPS&Edevelopmentphases(seeWSDOTGDMSections1.1.2and1.1.3),thisdeterminationmustbemadeatthebeginningoftheprojectdesignphase,astheoffceresponsibleforthegeotechnicaldesignworkshouldbeincludedintheplanningfortheproject.1.3.1Initiate and AlignAssuminggeotechnicaldesignserviceswillbeneededtocompletetheproject,duringtheinitiateandalignstep,theindividual/offceresponsibletoprovidegeotechnicalsupport(i.e.,eithertheHQGeotechnicalDivision,theRMEOffce,orboth)shouldbeincludedintheprojectteambytheprojectmanager.Onceincludedintheteam,thegeotechnicalPMPteammember(ingeneral,thisindividualisalsothegeotechnicaldesignerfortheproject)should,asaminimum,participateintheInitiateandAligneffortstoprovideinputregardingrolesandresponsibilities,boundaries,andmeasuresofsuccess.Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-10WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 20101.3.2Plan the WorkDuringthePlantheWorkstep,thegeotechnicalPMPteammembershouldprovideinputtotheteamregardingtheprojectspecifcWorkBreakdownStructure(WBS)developedfromtheMasterDeliverablesList(MDL),andtheinputnecessarytodeveloptheprojectbudgetandschedule.Thiswouldincludeadetailedanalysisofhowlongitwilltaketoperformthegeotechnicaltasksneededtocompletetheproject,anyindividualtaskdependenciesthataffecttasksequencingandtheinterrelationshipbetweenthegeotechnicaltasksandtaskstobecompletedbyotherteammembers,andhowmuchitwillcosttocompletethosetasks.ItistheresponsibilityofthegeotechnicalPMPteammembertocoordinatetheresourceneedsforthesubjectprojectwiththeresourceneedsofotherprojectsthatrequiregeotechnicalinput,sothattheproposedprojectdeliveryschedulecanbeachieved.ThegeotechnicalPMPteammemberwillalsocoordinatewiththeprojectteamandwiththeHQGeotechnicalDivisionmanagementregardingthedecisiontousegeotechnicalconsultants,ifrequiredtoachievethedesiredprojectschedulemilestones.ThegeotechnicalPMPteammemberalsoprovidestechnicaloversightofandcoordinationwithanygeotechnicalconsultantsbeingusedfortheproject.ThegeotechnicalPMPteammembershouldalsoprovideinputtotheteamregardingpotentialrisksorchangesinthegeotechnicalareathatcouldaffectprojectschedule,budget,orscope,andprovideastrategytodealwiththoserisksorchanges.Examplesofgeotechnicalriskincludepotentialdiffcultiesingettingdrillingpermitsorright-of-entry,uncertaintiesinthescopeofthegeotechnicalinvestigationrequiredduetounknownsubsurfaceconditions,mitigationofunstableground,liquefactionorotherseismichazards,etc.ThegeotechnicalPMPteammembershouldalsoprovidetheteamwithaplanregardinghowgeotechnicalinvestigationanddesignquality,aswellashowtheaccuracyofgeotechnicaldesignscheduleandbudget,willbeassured.1.3.3Endorse the PlanOncetheworkhasbeenplanned,thenextstepistoEndorsethePlan.Inthisstep,thegeotechnicalaspectsoftheProjectManagementPlanshouldbeendorsedbythemanagementoftheoffceresponsibletocarryoutthegeotechnicalwork(e.g.,iftheHQGeotechnicalDivisionisresponsibleforcompletinggeotechnicalworkfortheproject,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionmanagementshouldendorsetheplan).Note:TheProjectManagementPlanmustbereviewedandendorsedbyRegionManagement.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-11 J anuary 20101.3.4Work the PlanIntheWorkthePlanstep,thegeotechnicalPMPteammemberwilltrackthescheduleandbudgetforthegeotechnicalworkasitprogresses,keepingtheprojectteaminformedregardingtheprogressofthegeotechnicalworkasidentifedintheprojectCommunicationPlan.Ifchangesinthegeotechnicalscheduleand/orbudgetarelikelyduetounanticipatedproblems,scopechanges,orotherinaccuraciesinthegeotechnicalscheduleorbudget,thegeotechnicalPMPteammemberisresponsibletoinformtheprojectteamasfarinadvanceaspossiblesothatadjustmentscanbemade.ThefrequencyofreportingtotheteamontheprogressoftheworkisidentifedintheCommunicationPlanandshouldbedecidedbasedontheneedsoftheproject,recognizingthatexcessiveprogressreportingcan,initself,impactthescheduleandbudgetfortheworkduetothetimeittakestodeveloptheinterimreports.Asproblemsorchangesoccurintheproject,thegeotechnicalPMPteammemberassiststheprojectteamtoaddressthoseproblemsorchanges.Ingeneralforthisstep,thegeotechnicalPMPteammembercompletes,orarrangesforthecompletion,ofthegeotechnicalreportfortheproject,andassiststheteaminthedevelopmentofcontractdocumentsneededtoconstructtheproject.Inthecaseofdesign-buildprojects,seeWSDOTGDMChapter22regardingthedeliverablesneeded.1.3.5Transition and ClosureThegeotechnicalPMPteammembershouldcoordinatewiththeprojectteamregardingthetransitionandclosureactivitiesthatrequiregeotechnicalinputandassistance.Thismayincludedocumentingthegeotechnicaldesigndecisionsmade,andidentifyingconstructioncontractspecifcationsthatneedtobereevaluatedatalatertime,shouldtheprojectPS&Ebeputontheshelfuntiladequatefundingisavailable.ThegeotechnicalPMPteammembershouldalsomakethegeotechnicalprojectflereadyforlong-termstorage,makingsurethatifanothergeotechnicaldesignermustworkontheproject,thatthecalculationsandlogicforthedecisionsmadeareeasytofollow.1.3.6Application of the PMP to ConstructionIfpossible,thegeotechnicalPMPteammembershouldcontinuetoprovidegeotechnicalsupporttotheprojectthroughconstruction,functioningastheGeotechnicalAdvisorfortheconstructionproject,tominimizeanytransitionissuesbetweenthedesignandconstructionphases.TheGeotechnicalAdvisorwouldbecomepartoftheconstructionprojectteamintheinitiateandalignstep,andwouldparticipatewiththeteamtodefnerolesandresponsibilities,boundaries,andMeasuresofSuccess,assistinplanningforriskand/orchange,assistinthequalityassuranceandcontroloftheprojectgeotechnicalfeatures,andhelptheprojectteamtomanagerisksandchangeastheyoccur.Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-12WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 20101.3.7Master Deliverables to be ConsideredThegeotechnicalPMPteammemberwillneedtoprovideinformationregardingthegeotechnicaldeliverablesandtasksintheMDL(seeTable1-1)totheprojectteamforconsiderationindevelopingtheprojectschedule.Formanydeliverables,theregionProjectOffcewillneedtoprovideinformationbeforethegeotechnicalworkcanbegin.ThemasterdeliverablesprovidedinTable1-1arecurrentasofAugust2006.Notethatscoping(termed"ProjectDefnition"inWSDOTGDMSection1.1.1),Design,andPS&Earecombinedintoonephase,"Preconstruction",intheMDL.AlltasksandsubtasksunderWBSCodePC-21inTable1-1areusedtoaccomplishthegeotechnicalworkneededtocompletetheprojectdefnition(seeWSDOTGDMSection1.1.1).RegardingPreliminarySiteData(WBSCodePC-21.01),thisinformationshouldbeprovidedbytheProjectOffcetotheRMEtobeconsistentwiththeprocessdescribedinWSDOTGDMSections1.2.2and1.3.RefertotheWSDOTDesignManual(M22-01),Section510.04forspecifcsregardingwhatinformationistobesubmitted.Notethatforthebigger,morecomplexprojectswheresomelimitedtestholedrillingmaybeneeded,thistaskwouldalsorequiretheprojectoffcetoobtain,ortomakearrangementstoobtain,drillingpermitsandright-of-entry.SupplyingthenecessarysitedataandpermitsshouldbeconsideredapredecessortasktoMDLtaskPC-21.03.IfitappearsthatHQGeotechnicalDivisioninvolvementmayberequired,theRMEshouldmakearrangementstohaveaHQGeotechnicalDivisionrepresentativeincludedinthegeotechnicalworktocompletetheprojectdefnitionasdiscussedpreviously.Eachoffcethatisinvolvedprovidesinputdataforthesedeliverablesintermsoftimeandcosttocompletethetask,andthedeliverablesthemselves.Ifbothoffcesareinvolved,theregionProjectOffcewillneedtoaddthecostrequiredtoaccomplishtheworkfrombothoffcestoobtainthetotalcostforeachtask.RegardingthescheduletocompletePC-21.03,theRMEandHQGeotechnicalDivisioneffortscan,ingeneral,beconductedconcurrently.RegardingtheConceptualGeotechnicalReport,uptotworeportsmayneedtobeproduced,onefortheRMEworkandonefortheHQGeotechnicalDivisionwork,ifbothoffcesneedtobeinvolvedinthisprojectphaseforthegivenproject.Thisdeliverableshouldcontainthecostestimate,schedule,andscopeofworktocompletethefnalprojectdesignthroughPS&E,andshoulddiscussthepotentialgeotechnicalriskissuesthatneedtobeaddressedtoconstructtheproject,toestablishthescopeandbudgettoconstructtheoverallproject.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-13 J anuary 2010WBS CodeTask Name Task DescriptionWork OpPC-18.03 Discipline Reports - Earth (Geology & Soils)Environmental Procedures Manual Section 420 Earth (Geology & Soils)0136PC-20.03 Materials Source ReportA report on a specifc WSDOT material source that verifes the quality and quantity of the material requested0156PC-21 Geotechnical EvaluationsDevelopment of Geotechnical reports for project.PC-21.01 Preliminary Site DataProject design offce is to provide a project description and location of work to be performed to Region Materials Engineer. See Design Manual Chapter 510.0140PC-21.02 Environmental Permit for Field ExplorationField exploration may require permits to complete. Permits need to be provided by the Project Offce to HQ Geotechnical Offce/Region Materials Offce to enable required feld work to be started.0138PC-21.03 Conceptual Geotechnical ReportRME/HQ Geotechnical will provide recommendations at the conceptual / feasibility level. Some soil borings may be drilled at this time depending upon project scope and available information.0140PC-21.04 Project Site Data Site information provided to RME by the project design offce (specifc to the type of project) to initiate geotechnical work on a project during the design and PS&E phases. See Design Manual Chapter 510.0140PC-21.05 RME Geotech Report(s)Region Geotechnical Report containing geotechnical recommendations and information applicable to the project. There is a possibility of multiple reports, depending upon the scope and complexity of the project.0140PC-21.06 HQ Geotechnical Report(s)HQ Geotechnical Report containing geotechnical recommendations and information applicable to the project. There is a possibility of multiple reports, depending upon the scope and complexity of the project.0140PC-37.02 Summary of Geotechnical ConditionsHQ Geotechnical and/or Region Materials prepares summary of geotechnical conditions for inclusion into the PS&E as Appendix B.0140PC-43.03 Project Geotechnical Documentation PackagePrinting of pertinent geotechnical reports for sale to prospective bidders. Prepared by HQ Geotechnical and/or Region Materials and printed by HQ Printing Services.0140Geotechnical Items in Master Deliverables List (MDL).Table 1-1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-14WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010WBScodesPC-21.04,PC-21.05,PC-21.06andWBScodesPC-37.02andPC-43.03)inTable1-1areusedtoaccomplishthegeotechnicalworktocompletetheprojectdesignandfnalPS&E(seeWSDOTGDMSections1.1.2and1.1.3).RegardingProjectSiteData(WSBcodePC-21.04),theProjectOffceprovidesthesitedatatotheoffcedesignatedtotakethelead(i.e.,theHQGeotechnicalDivision,theRME,orboth)regardingthegeotechnicalwork,asdeterminedduringtheInitiateandAlignstepfortheproject.RefertotheWSDOTDesign Manual(M22-01)Section510.04forspecifcsregardingtheinformationtobesubmitted.Thistaskwouldalsorequiretheprojectoffcetoobtain,ortomakearrangementstoobtain,drillingpermitsandright-of-entry,ifthenecessarypermitswerenotobtainedinWBScodePC-21.02oriftheyneedtobeamended.SupplyingthenecessarysitedataandpermitsshouldbeconsideredapredecessortasktoMDLtasksPC-21.05andPC-21.06.TheRMEandHQGeotechnicalDivisioneffortscan,ingeneral,beconductedconcurrently.NotethatWBSCodesPC-21.05andPC-21.06mustbecompletedbeforeWBSCodesPC-37.02andPC-43.03.1.4Geotechnical Report Review Process, Certifcation and Approval RequirementsForgeotechnicalworkconductedbytheRMEs,thereviewprocessisillustratedinFigure1-2.Inthatcase,theRMEcompletesandcertifesthereport(inthiscase,aRegionalSoilsReport),andsendsthereporttotheHQGeotechnicalDivisionforreviewandconcurrence.IftheHQGeotechnicalDivisiondisagreeswithsomeaspectofthereportrecommendations,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionwillworkwiththeRMEtoproduceanamendmenttotheRegionSoilsReportifnecessary.ForgeotechnicalreportsproducedbytheHQGeotechnicalDivision,seniorlevelreviewisrequiredatthefollowingkeyprojectjunctures: Theletter/memotransmittingtheestimateofthescopeofworkandestimatedcostsforthegeotechnicalservicesneeded, Thesubsurfaceinvestigationplan,and Thedraft/fnalgeotechnicalreport.Typically,threelevelsofreviewareconductedateachoftheseprojectjunctures:adetailedreviewbytheimmediatesupervisor(whoislicensed)andatotherintermediatetimesasneededtoguidethedesign,adetailedreviewbytheChiefFoundationEngineerorChiefEngineeringGeologist,andaspotcheckreviewandreviewforconsistencywithdesignpolicyandstandardsofpracticebytheStateGeotechnicalEngineer.TheStateGeotechnicalEngineermaydelegatefnalreviewauthoritytothechieforseniorlevel.Forthesubsurfaceinvestigationplan,formalreviewbytheStateGeotechnicalEngineerisgenerallynotrequired.Aminimumofonelevel of review by a licensed professional with the necessary geotechnical orengineeringgeologyexperiencemustbeconductedinallcases,however.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-15 J anuary 2010LicensedprofessionalsperformingdesignshallseekpeerreviewandshallobtaintheStateGeotechnicalEngineersapproval,orthereviewandapprovaloftheindividualtowhomfnalreviewauthorityhasbeendelegatedbytheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,priortoissuingdesignrecommendations.Designrecommendationsincludethosethatareconsideredfnal,andthose that are considered preliminary if the preliminary recommendations willresultinsignifcantdesigneffortbeingexpendedbythosewhousetherecommendationstoperformtheirdesigns,oriftheycouldotherwiseendupbeingtreatedasfnalrecommendations.Forthosedesignrecommendationsthatareclearlyidentifedasbeingpreliminaryandsubjecttochange,andforwhichallpartiesreceivingthoserecommendationsfullyunderstandthattherecommendationsaresubjecttochangeandareonlytobeusedforpreliminaryalternativeandscopedevelopmentpurposes(withtheexceptionofEISdisciplinereports,criticalareaordinancereports,orsimilardocuments),fnalreviewauthorityisdelegatedtotheChiefFoundationEngineerandChiefEngineeringGeologistlevel.Someprojectsrequiresignifcantinputbybothengineeringgeologistsandfoundationengineers(e.g.,landslidescontainedwithinabiggerinterchangeorlineproject,bridgesorwallsfoundedonsoilsorrockinwhichthesitegeologyisverycomplex,retainingwallsusedtostabilizelandslides,drainageorinfltrationdesignswherethegroundwaterregimeiscomplex,etc.).Insuchcases,afoundationengineer/engineeringgeologistteam(i.e.,oneindividualfromeachSectionoftheHQGeotechnicalDivision)shouldperformthedesign,andasaminimum,seniorlevelreviewbytheChiefFoundationEngineerandtheChiefEngineeringGeologist,inadditiontoaspotcheckreview and review for consistency with design policy and standards of practicebytheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,shallbeconductedateachofthekeyprojectjuncturesidentifedabove.1.4.1 ReportCertifcationIngeneral,theindividualwhodidthedesign,ifhe/shepossessesaPEorLEG,andthefrstlinereviewerwhoislicensed,willstampthereport,asrequiredbytheapplicableRCWsandWACs.Ifthesecondlinesupervisor/manager,orabove(e.g.,theStateGeotechnicalEngineer,ChiefFoundationEngineer,orChiefEngineeringGeologist),throughthereviewprocess,requiresthatchanges be made in the design and/or recommendations provided in the report,otherwiseprovidessignifcantinputintothedesign,oristheprimaryreviewerofthereport,consistentwiththedefnitionofdirectsupervisioninWAC196-23-030andWAC308-15-070,thesecondlinesupervisor/manager,orabove,willalsostampthereport/memorandum.ForreportsproducedbytheEngineeringGeologySectionthatrequireaProfessionalEngineersstamp,andwhichhavebeenproducedandreviewedbyindividualsthatdonotpossessaProfessionalEngineerslicense,theStateGeotechnicalEngineer,orthelicensedprofessionalengineerdelegatedtoactonbehalfoftheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,willprovideadetailedreviewofthedesignandreport,Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-16WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010consistentwiththedefnitionofdirectsupervisioninWAC196-23-030,andstampthereport.Forplansheetsinconstructioncontracts,thefrstlinemanager/supervisor,orabove,whohasfunctionedastheprimaryreviewerofthegeotechnicalworkasdefnedabovewillstamptheplans,butonlyiftheplansheetsfullyandaccuratelyrefecttherecommendationsprovidedinthegeotechnicalreportuponwhichtheplansheetsarebased.1.4.2Approval of Reports Produced by the HQ Geotechnical DivisionTheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,ortheindividualdelegatedtoactonbehalfoftheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,mustsignthegeotechnicalreportormemorandum,asthedesignatedapprovalauthorityforWSDOTregardinggeotechnicaldesign(thisincludesengineeringgeologyreports).ThesignatureoftheapprovalauthorityindicatesthatthereportormemorandumisincompliancewithWSDOTgeotechnicalstandardsandpolicies.Thispolicyalsoappliestodesignrecommendationsthataresentoutinformallytootheroffces(e.g.,theWSDOTBridgeandStructuresOffce,WashingtonStateFerriesOffces,RegionProjectEngineerOffces,etc.)fortheiruseindesignandPS&Edevelopmentpriortoissuanceofthefnalgeotechnicalreportfortheprojectorprojectelement.1.5Reports Produced by Consultants or other Agencies for WSDOT, and Reports Produced by Design-BuildersTheHQGeotechnicalDivisionreviewsandapprovesallgeotechnicalreportsanddesignletters/memorandumsproducedforWSDOTprojectsconsistentwiththedivisionofgeotechnicalworkasdescribedinWSDOTGDMSection1.2.2.Forreportsordesignletters/memorandumsthatcoveronlythelevelofgeotechnicalworkthatisclearlyregionresponsibilityperWSDOTGDMSection1.2.2,theRMEreviewsandapprovesthereportordesignletter/memorandum,butstillforwardsacopyoftheconsultantreporttotheHQGeotechnicalDivisionforconcurrence,consistentwithWSDOTGDMSection1.2.2forregionalsoilsreports.Approvalofthereportordesignletter/memorandumproducedbyconsultantsorotheragenciesshallnotbeconsideredtoconstituteacceptanceofprofessionalresponsibilityonthepartofWSDOT,aswellasthereviewer,forthecontentsandrecommendationscontainedtherein,consistentwithprofessionalresponsibilityasprescribedbylaw.Approvalonlyindicatesthatthecontractualobligationsunderwhichthereportordesignletter/memorandumhavebeenmetandthatthecontentsandrecommendationsmeettheapplicableWSDOT,regional,andnationalstandardsofpractice.GeotechnicalreportsproducedbyconsultantsshallbecertifedinaccordancewiththeprinciplesdescribedaboveinWSDOTGDMSection1.4.1,andasrequiredbytheapplicableRCWsandWACs.NotethatthisapprovalprocessandassociatedconsiderationsalsoapplytoreportsproducedbyconsultantsfordevelopersbuildingfacilitiesthatimpactWSDOTfacilities.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-17 J anuary 20101.6Geotechnical Consultant AdministrationThissectionaddressesgeotechnicalconsultantsworkingdirectlyfortheHQGeotechnicalDivision,andgeotechnicalconsultantsworkingforaprimeconsultantthrougharegion,orotherWSDOToffce,contract.Geotechnicalconsultantsareusedtohandlepeakloadwork,ortoobtainspecializedexpertisenotcontainedwithintheHQGeotechnicalDivision.Ifageotechnicalconsultantisneeded,thefrstchoiceistoutilizeaconsultantworkingdirectlyfortheHQGeotechnicalDivision,asthecommunicationlinesaremorestraight-forwardthanwouldbethecaseifthegeotechnicalconsultantisworkingforaprimeconsultant,whointurnisworkingforanotheroffceinWSDOT.ThisisillustratedinFigures1-3and1-4.Ingeneral,consultantsworkingdirectlyfortheHQGeotechnicalDivisionwilldosothroughanon-callmasteragreementinwhichtheconsultantisassignedprojectspecifctasks.Throughthesetasks,theconsultantistypicallyresponsibletodevelopthedetailedgeotechnicalinvestigationplan,performthetestinganddesign,andproduceageotechnicalreport.Fortheseassignments,theconsultantisviewedasanextensionoftheHQGeotechnicalDivisionstaffandisthereforesubjecttothesamestandardsofdesignandreviewasin-housedivisionstaff.Thereviewandcertifcationprocessforconsultantgeotechnicalworkmirrorsthatforin-housegeotechnicalwork,asdescribedinWSDOTGDMSection1.4,exceptthatthefnalcertifcationofthereportisdonebytheconsultantratherthanWSDOTstaff,withWSDOTfunctioninginareviewcapacity.FrequentcommunicationbetweentheHQGeotechnicalDivisionstaffandtheconsultantisessentialtoasuccessfulproject.Forthiscontractualscenario,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionisresponsibletooverseeandadministertheconsultantagreementandtaskassignments.IfitisdeterminedbytheRegionorotherWSDOToffcethatageneralcivilorstructuralconsultantisneededtohandlethedesignworknormallyhandledbythatWSDOToffce,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionandRegionMaterialsOffceshouldbecontactedpriortosub-consultingthegeotechnicalportionoftheproject.BoththeRegionMaterialsOffceandGeotechnicalDivisionmayhavestaffavailabletoperformthegeotechnicaldesignfortheproject.Ifitisdeterminedthatageotechnicalsubconsultantisneeded,theGeotechnicalDivision will need to assist in the development of the geotechnical scope and estimatefortheproject,sothattheconsultantcontractisappropriate.AtypicalconsultantscopeofworkforpreliminarydesignisprovidedinWSDOTGDMAppendix1-A,andatypicalconsultantscopeofworktocompletethegeotechnicalworkforaPS&EleveldesignisprovidedinWSDOTGDMAppendix1-B.Thesetypicalscopesofworkforgeotechnicalsubconsultantsmayneedadjustmentoraugmentationtoadaptthemtothespecifcproject.Ateammeetingbetweentheconsultantteam,theRegionorotherWSDOTOffce(dependingonwhoseprojectitis),andtheHQGeotechnicalDivisionisconductedearlyintheprojecttodeveloptechnicalcommunicationlinesandrelationships.Goodproactivecommunicationbetweenallmembersoftheprojectteamiscrucialtothesuccessoftheprojectduetothecomplexconsultant-clientrelationships(seeFigure1-4).Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-18WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010Geotech.ConsultantRegion PEOfficeRegionManagementWSDOTManagementLegislature and People of WAStructuralConsultantBridgeOfficeGeotech.DivisionConsultant-client relationship or employee-employer relationshipInformal relationshipWSDOT-consultant relationship for consultants working directly for the HQ Geotechnical Division.Figure 1.3Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-19 J anuary 2010Geotech.SubconsultantStructural Subconsult.Geotech.DivisionA/E PrimeConsultantBridgeOfficeRegion PEOfficeRegionManagementWSDOTManagementLegislatureand Peopleof WAHQ ConsultantLiaison OfficeRegionConsultantLiaisonOfficeConsultant-client relationship or employee-employer relationshipInformal relationshipWSDOT-consultant relationship for consultants working for a prime consultant for other WSDOT Offces.Figure 1.4Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-20WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 20101.7Geotechnical Information Provided to Bidders1.7.1Final Geotechnical Project DocumentationTheFinalGeotechnicalProjectDocumentationforaprojectshallconsistofallgeotechnicalreportsandmemorandums,intheirentirety,producedbyWSDOTorconsultantsthatarepertinenttothefnalPS&Efortheproject.OutdatedorotherwisesupercededgeotechnicalreportsandmemorandumsshouldnotbeincludedintheFinalGeotechnicalProjectDocumentation.Insuchcaseswhereasmallportionofageotechnicalreporthasbeensuperceded,theentirereportshouldbeincludedwiththesupercededtextclearlyidentifedalongwiththesupercedingdocument.ReportsproducedbytheRMEaregenerallykeptunderseparatecover,butareincludedinthefnalpublicationpackageasdescribedbelow.1.7.2Final Geotechnical Documentation PublicationOnceaprojectPS&Eisnearcompletion,theFinalGeotechnicalProjectDocumentationistobepublishedfortheuseofprospectivebidders.Materialssourcereportsshouldalsobeincludedaspartofthepackagepublishedforbidders.TheRegionProjectDevelopmentOffce(orTerminalEngineeringDepartmentforWashingtonStateFerries)isresponsibletonotifytheHQGeotechnicalDivisionatleast12to14weeksinadvanceoftheAdorShelfDatewhenthefnalprojectgeotechnicaldocumentationisdueintheRegion(orWashingtonStateFerries),andwhichprojectsrequirefnalprojectgeotechnicaldocumentation.Theregionprojectdevelopmentoffce(orTerminalEngineeringDepartmentfortheWashingtonStateFerries)willalsoidentify at that time who they have designated to receive the report to handle orcontinuethepublicationprocess.Ingeneral,itisdesirablethatthefnalgeotechnicaldocumentationbeavailableforprinting10weekspriortotheAdorShelfDate,butabsolutelymustbeavailablenolaterthantwoFridayspriortotheAdorShelfdate.ThiscompiledgeotechnicaldocumentationpackageistypicallysenttotheRegionProjectEngineerOffce(orTerminalEngineeringOffceforWashingtonStateFerriesprojects)bytheHQGeotechnicalDivision.Whentransmittingthefnalprojectgeotechnicaldocumentation,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionwillspecifcallyidentifythegeotechnicaldocumentationasfnalfortheprojectandascamera-ready.Likewise,theRegionMaterialsOffcewillconcurrentlysendacamera-readyfnalcopyofanyRegiongeneratedreports(e.g.,theregionsoilsreport),asapplicable,totheRegionProjectEngineerOffcetobeincludedaspartofthegeotechnicaldocumentationfortheproject.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-21 J anuary 20101.7.3Geotechnical Information to be Included as Part of the ContractGeotechnicalinformationincludedaspartofthecontract(asanappendix)fordesign-bid-buildprojectswillgenerallyconsistofthefnalprojectboringlogs,and,asappropriatefortheproject,aSummaryofGeotechnicalConditions.Bothoftheseitemsare,ingeneral,providedbytheHQGeotechnicalDivision.IfaRegionsoilsreporthasbeenproducedbytheRME,theRMEmustprovidethefnalboringlogsandmayberequiredtocompleteportionsoftheSummaryofGeotechnicalConditionstoincludetheinformationprovidedintheRegionSoilsReport.NotethatWSDOTGDMChapter22coverswhatgeotechnicalinformationistobeincludedintheRequestforProposalsforDesign-Buildprojects.Allboringlogsusedasthebasisforthegeotechnicaldesignfortheprojectshouldbeincludedinanappendixtothecontract.Alegendsheetthatdefnesthetermsandsymbolsusedintheboringlogsmustalwaysbeincludedwiththeboringlogs.TheGeotechnicalDivisionwillprovidealegendforlogstheyhaveproduced.Consultantsshallalsoprovidealegendalongwiththeirlogsintheirgeotechnicalreports.Thelocationsofallboringlogsincludedwiththecontractshouldbeshownonthecontractplansheets.Basedonspecifcprojectneeds,othertypesofgeotechnicaldatamayalsoneedtobeincludedinthecontractdocuments.Suchadditionaldatamayincludegeophysicaltestresults,andsubsurfaceproflesandcross-sectionsforspecifcgeotechnicalprojectfeatures.Thegoalofsuchdataistoprovidepotentialbiddersamorecompletepictureoftheconditionsasnecessaryforaccuratebidding,whenthatinformationcannotbeconveyedbytheboringlogsalone.ASummaryofGeotechnicalConditions,providedbytheGeotechnicalDivisionformostprojectsthatcontainsignifcantgeotechnicalfeatures,shouldalsobeincludedinthecontractwiththeboringlogs.ThisSummaryofGeotechnicalConditionsisgenerallya1to2pagedocument(seeWSDOTGDMChapter23)thatbriefysummarizesthesubsurfaceandgroundwaterconditionsforkeyareasoftheprojectwherefoundations,cuts,flls,etc.,aretobeconstructed.Thisdocumentalsodescribestheimpactofthesesubsurfaceconditionsontheconstructionofthesefoundations,cuts,flls,etc.,toprovideacommonbasisforinterpretationoftheconditionsandbidding.1.8Sample Retention and Chain of CustodyIngeneral,therearethreetypesofsamplesobtainedbytheHQGeotechnicalDivisionandgeotechnicalconsultants:disturbedsoilsamples(includessacksamplesfromtestpits),undisturbedsoilsamples,androckcores.Disturbedsoilsamplesaretypicallyusedforsoilclassifcationpurposes,thoughonoccasiontheymaybeusedformoresophisticatedtesting.Undisturbedsoilsamplesareprimarilyusedformoresophisticatedtesting,thoughtheymayalsobeusedforevaluationofdetailedlayeringandsoilstructure.UndisturbedGeotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-22WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010samplestypicallydegradesignifcantlyandarenotusefulfortestingpurposesafterabout3to6months.DisturbedandundisturbedsoilsamplesthathavenotbeentestedbytheGeotechnicalDivisionorConsultantwillberetainedforaminimumof90daysafterthegeotechnicalreportiscompleted,afterwhichtimetheywillbedisposed.Priortodisposal,ConsultantshallcontacttheGeotechnicalDivisionsothattheymaytakepossessionofthesamples,iftheychoosetodoso.Rockcoreisgenerallyretaineduntilaftertheconstructionprojectiscompleteanditisclearthatclaimsrelatedtotherockarenotforthcoming.Afterconstruction,thecorewillbedisposed.RockcoreobtainedbyconsultantsshallbedeliveredtotheGeotechnicalDivisionaspartofthedeliverablesassociatedwiththeGeotechnicalReport.Rockcoremaybedisposedpriortoprojectconstructionifitisdeterminedthattheriskofclaimsrelatedtorockqualityissuesissuffcientlylow,iftherockcoreisdegradedandthereforenotusefulforvisualinspectionortesting,orpossiblyotherreasonsthatcausetheriskofearlycoredisposaltobelow,subjecttotheapprovaloftheWSDOTStateGeotechnicalEngineer.Inallcases,whetherornotearlydisposalofthecoreisconducted,allrockcoreshallbephotographedathighresolutionandincolorcorrectlight,toprovideapermanentrecordofthecore.AllsamplesofsoilorrockthatareobtainedonbehalfofWSDOTbyconsultantsandtransportedtotheStateMaterialsLaboratoryGeotechnicalDivisionshallbecomethepropertyofWSDOT.1.9Geotechnical Design Policies and their BasisTechnicalpoliciesanddesignrequirementsprovidedinthismanualhavebeenderivedfromnationalstandardsanddesignguidelinessuchasthoseproducedbyAASHTOandtheFHWA.ThefollowingAASHTOmanuals,listedinorderofpriority,shallbetheprimarysourceofgeotechnicaldesignpolicyforWSDOT:1. AASHTOLRFDBridgeDesignSpecifcations,mostcurrenteditionplusinterims2. AASHTOManualonSubsurfaceInvestigations(1988)FHWAgeotechnicaldesignmanuals,orothernationallyrecognizeddesignmanuals,areconsideredsecondaryrelativetotheAASHTOmanualslistedaboveforestablishingWSDOTgeotechnicaldesignpolicy.FHWAgeotechnicaldesignmanualshavebeenusedtoaddressareasnotspecifcallycoveredbytheabovelistedAASHTOmanuals.Wherejustifedbyresearchorlocalexperience,thedesignpoliciesandrequirementsprovidedhereindeviatefromtheAASHTOandFHWAdesignspecifcationsandguidelines,asdescribedherein,andshallsupercedetherequirementsandguidelineswithintheAASHTOandFHWAmanuals.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-23 J anuary 2010Forfoundationandwalldesign,theloadandresistancefactordesign(LRFD)approachshallbeused,tobeconsistentwithWSDOTBridgeOffcestructuraldesignpolicy.ForaspectsoffoundationandwalldesignthathavenotyetbeendevelopedintheLRFDformat,allowablestress(ASD)orloadfactordesign(LFD)willbeuseduntilsuchtimetheLRFDapproachhasbeendeveloped.Therefore,forthoseaspectsoffoundationandwalldesignforwhichtheLRFDapproachisavailable,alternativeASDorLFDdesignformatsarenotpresentedinthismanual.Inthechaptersthatfollow,aswellaswithinthischapter,theterms,andtheirdefnitions,providedinTable1-2areusedtoconveygeotechnicalpolicy.Term DefnitionShall The associated provisions must be used. There is no acceptable alternative.Should The associated provisions must be used unless strong justifcation is available and provided based on well established regional or national practice, and if backed up by well accepted research results.May The associated provisions are recommended, but alternative methods or approaches that are consistent with the intent of the provisions are acceptable.Evaluate, evaluated, address, or addressedThe associated issue must be evaluated or addressed through detailed analysis and the results documented.Consider, considered The associated recommended provisions must be evaluated, and the reasons and analyses used to decide whether or not to implement the recommended provisions must be documented.Geotechnical designer The geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist who has been given responsibility to coordinate and complete the geotechnical design activities for the projectTerms used to convey geotechnical policy.Table 1-21.10Geotechnical Construction Support Policies1.10.1Division of Responsibilities for Construction Support of Design-Bid-Build ProjectsThedivisionofresponsibilitiesbetweentheHQGeotechnicalDivisionandtheRegionMaterialsOffceforresponsetogeotechnicalconstructionproblemsfordesign-bid-buildprojectsareingeneralconsistentwithWSDOTGDMSection1.2,whichmeansthattheRME,atleasttheoretically,functionsastheclearinghousetoaddressgeotechnicalconstructionproblems.ThedivisionofworkshowninFigure1-2appliestoconstructionassistanceaswell.However,itmustalsoberecognizedthatmostgeotechnicalconstructionproblemsneedtobeaddressedquicklytopreventconstructioncontractimpacts.Tominimizedelaysingettinggeotechnicalconstructionproblemsaddressed,ifitisobviousthatHQinputwillberequiredanyway(e.g.,foundationconstructionissues,retainingwallgeotechnicalconstructionproblems,shoringwallstabilityGeotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-24WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 2010orexcessivedeformationproblems,rockslopeconstructionissues,etc.)theregionprojectoffceshouldcontacttheHQGeotechnicalDivisiondirectly.Inthatcase,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionshouldkeeptheRMEinformedastotherequestandthenatureoftheproblemassoonaspractical.Typically,aconstructionprojectgeotechnicaladvisorwillbeassignedtotheprojectandisthefrstpointofcontactforassistancefromtheHQGeotechnicalDivision.Forconstructionemergencies,suchasslopefailures,theprocessdescribedin WSDOTGDMSection1.2.3shouldbefollowed,exceptthattheregionprojectoffcefunctionsasthemaintenanceoffceinthatprocess.TherearesometypesofgeotechnicalconstructionissuesforwhichtheRMEshouldalwaysprovidethefrstresponse.Theseinclude,forexample: Evaluationoffllcompactionproblems; Evaluationofmaterialssourceandborrowproblems; Pavementsubgradeproblems;and Evaluationofthesoilatthebaseofspreadfootingexcavationstocheckforconsistencywithboringlogs.Forthespecifcissuesidentifedabove,theRMEwillenlistthehelpoftheHQGeotechnicalDivisionifcomplicationsarise.Forevaluationofdifferingsiteconditionsclaims,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionshouldalwaysprovidethegeotechnicalevaluationandwillworkdirectlywiththeHQConstructionOffcetoprovidethegeotechnicalsupporttheyneed.Notethatforconsultantdesignedprojects,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionmayrequestthatthedesignerofrecord(i.e.,theconsultant)getinvolvedtorecommendasolutiontoWSDOTregardingtheproblem.1.10.2Division of Responsibilities for Construction Support of Design-Build ProjectsFordesign-buildprojects,thefrstresponderforgeotechnicalconstructionproblemsisthegeotechnicaldesignerofrecordforthedesign-builder.Thenextpointofcontact,ifactiononbehalfofthecontractingagency(i.e.,WSDOT)isrequiredinaccordancewiththecontractRFP,isthegeotechnicaladvisorassignedtotheprojectfromtheHQGeotechnicalDivision.IfitturnsoutthattheRMEshouldprovidearesponseoriftheRMEcouldprovideamorerapidresponse,consideringthenatureoftheproblem,thegeotechnicaladvisorwillcontacttheRMEtoenlisttheirassistance.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-25 J anuary 20101.10.3Geotechnical Division Roles and Communication Protocols for Construction SupportGeotechnicalDivisionsupporttoHQConstruction,RegionConstruction,andRegionProjectoffcesmustalwaysbetechnicalinnature,leavingconstructionadministrationissuestotheconstructionoffcestheGeotechnicalDivisionissupporting.SincethetechnicalsupporttheGeotechnicalDivisionprovidescouldaffecttheconstructioncontract,itisextremelyimportanttocontactHQConstructionassoonaspossibletoletthemknowofthesituation,inadditiontothespecifcregionaloffcesbeingsupported.Directcommunicationanddirectionstothecontractorshouldbeavoided,unlesstheboundariesofsuchcommunicationhavebeenapprovedinadvancebytheregionprojectoffceandasappropriate,HQConstruction.Anycommunicationinwriting,includinge-mailcorrespondence,mustbewritteninawaythatcommunicatesonlytechnicalissuesanddoesnotcompromiseWSDOTsabilitytoeffectivelyadministerthecontract.Thisisespeciallyimportantifpotentialcontractorclaimsareinvolved.Ifpotentialcontractorclaimsareinvolvedintheconstructionproblem,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionroleistoprovideassistancetotheHQConstructionOffce.Forexample,withchangedconditionsclaims,theHQGeotechnicalDivisionsprofessionalevaluationofthesituationshouldfocusondetermininganddescribingthegeotechnicalconditionsobservedduringconstructionincomparisontowhatwasexpectedbasedonthedataavailableattimeofbidding.TheHQGeotechnicalDivisionisnottodetermineorevenimplythemeritsofthecontractorsclaim.HQConstructionwilldothat.Evaluationsofcontractorclaims,aswellasgeotechnicalrecommendationsfortheredesignofageotechnicalelementinacontract,mustbeputinaformalwrittenformatsuitableforsealingasdiscussedinWSDOTGDMSection1.4.1.E-mailshouldnotbeusedasacommunicationvehicleforthistypeofinformation.Furthermore,theStateGeotechnicalEngineer,ortheindividualdelegatedtoactonbehalfoftheStateGeotechnicalEngineer,mustreviewandapprovesuchdocumentsbeforetheyaredistributed.MemorandumsthatprovideanevaluationofacontractorclaimshouldbeaddressedtotheHQConstructionOffce,andacopyshouldnotbesenttotheRegionProjectEngineerinthiscase.TheHQConstructionOffcewillforwardtheGeotechnicalDivisionresponsetotheRegionProjectEngineerwiththeirfnaldeterminationofthevalidityoftheclaim.Ifaclaimevaluationisnotinvolvedandonlytechnicalrecommendationsinsupportofacontractredesignarebeingprovided,addressthelettertotheHQConstructionOffce,withacopytotheRegionProjectOffceandothersasnecessary(e.g.,theBridgeOffce).IftheresultingchangeorderwillbewithintheRegionauthoritytoapprove,thememorandumshouldbeaddressedtotheRegionProjectOffcewithacopytoHQConstructionandtheRegionOperationsorConstructionOffce.Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationChapter 1Page 1-26WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01 J anuary 20101.11Geotechnical Construction Submittal Review PoliciesMostconstructioncontractsubmittalsincludeinformationthatboththeBridgeandStructuresOffceandtheHQGeotechnicalDivisionmustreview.Blastingplanandrockslopesubmittals(e.g.,rockbolting)areanexceptiontothis,inthattheirtechnicalreviewarepurelyaGeotechnicalDivisionfunction.Forconstructionsubmittalsthatinvolvestructuresorsupportofstructuresorbridgeapproachflls,policiesoncoordinationofsubmittalreviewareasfollows:1.11.1Proprietary Retaining Walls Allpre-approvedwallmanufacturersubmittalsrequiredbythecontractshallbereviewedbytheBridgeOffce.TheBridgeOffceshallsendacopyofthesubmittaltotheHQGeotechnicalDivisionforreviewwhenthesubmittalisdistributedtotheappropriateBridgeOffceDesignUnit.DetailsofspecifcallywhatwillbereviewedareprovidedinWSDOTGDMAppendix15B. TheHQGeotechnicalDivisionshallresponddirectlytotheConstructionSupportUnitoftheBridgeOffcewiththeirsubmittalreviewcomments.TheBridgeOffceConstructionSupportUnitisresponsiblefortheresponsebacktotheRegionProjectEngineer,andshallattachorincludeGeotechnicalDivisioncommentsverbatim. AfterboththeBridgeOffceDesignUnitandtheHQGeotechnicalDivisionhavesubmittedtheircommentsbacktotheBridgeOffceConstructionSupportUnit,theywillbecirculatedtotheBridgeOffceWallSpecialistforthisreviewforcompletenessandconsistency. ReturnsforCorrections(RFCs)andChangeOrderNotifcationswillrequirethatacopyofthesubmittalgototheHQConstructionOffce. ProprietaryretainingwallsthathavebeencompletelydetailedintheContractPlansandSpecialProvisions(includingmanufacturershopplans)neednotcometotheBridgeOffceforreview.TheRegionsProjectEngineersOffceisresponsibleforthereviewofthecontractorswallsinaccordancewiththecontractdocuments.1.11.2Other Construction Submittals (Non-Proprietary walls, Excavation and Shoring, Soldier Piles, Ground Anchors, Shafts, Piles, Ground Improvement, etc.) GeosyntheticshoringwallswithoutstructuralfacingdonotrequireBridgeOffcereview.These wallsshallbesentdirectlytotheHQGeotechnicalDivisionfortheirreview.Toprovideconsistencyinthereviewprocess,thereviewcommentsshouldbesentbacktotheBridgeOffceConstructionSupportUnitinthesamemannerasanyothersubmittalforforwardingtotheregionprojectengineer.Chapter 1Geotechnical Operations and AdministrationWSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual M 46-03.01Page 1-27 J anuary 2010 TheBridgeOffceConstructionSupportUnitwilldeterminetheneedforgeotechnicalinputwhenreviewingcontractorshoringsubmittals.Ifgeotechnicalinputisneeded,theConstructionSupportUnitwillcoordinatewiththeHQGeotechnicalDivisiontoobtainreviewcommentsandwillsubmitthecompiledcommentsfrombothoffcestotheregionprojectoffce. Forallotherconstruc