M · Web viewM.Sc. Aquaculture Syllabus I, II, III & IV Semesters 2019-2020 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY &...

M.Sc. Aquaculture Syllabus

I, II, III & IV Semesters

2019-2020

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY & AQUACULTUREACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

NAGARJUNANAGAR – 522 510, GUNTURANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

M.Sc. AQUACULTURE

Programme details: The Master of Science in Aquaculture programme is a two-year course divided into four semesters. A student is required to earn/obtain 100 credits for the completion of programme and the award of degree.1. Programme Structure of M.Sc. Aquaculture – Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

(to be implemented from 2019-20 admitted batch) Exam Time: 3 hours Marks Credits I SEMESTER (70 Ext+ 30 Int)

Paper I (AC 1.1): Limnology 100 04Paper II (AC 1.2): Aquaculture Engineering 100 04Paper III (AC 1.3): Taxonomy and Functional Anatomy of Shellfish 100 04Paper IV (AC 1.4): Taxonomy and Anatomy of Finfish 100 04PRACTICALSPractical-I (ACP 1): Limnology and Aquaculture Engineering 100 04Practical-II (ACP 2): Taxonomy and Anatomy of finfish and shellfish 100 04

II SEMESTER Paper V (AC 2.1): Marine and Brackish water Ecology 100 04

Paper VI (AC 2.2): Fish Physiology 100 04Paper VII (AC 2.3): Aquaculture Microbiology 100 04Paper VIII (AC 2.4): Nutrition and Feed Technology 100 04PRACTICALSP-III (ACP 3): Marine and Brackish water Ecology and Fish Physiology 100 04

Practical-IV (ACP 4): Aquaculture Microbiology and Feed Technology 100 04III SEMESTER

Paper IX (AC 3.1): Tools and Techniques in Biology 100 04Paper X (AC 3.2): Aquaculture Economics and Fisheries Extension 100 04Paper XI (AC 3.3): Water quality management 100 04Paper XII (AC 3.4): Fish and Shellfish Pathology 100 04PRACTICALSPractical-V (ACP 5): Tools & Techniques and Aquaculture Economics 100 04Practical-VI (ACP 6): Water Quality Management and Fish Pathology 100 04

IV SEMESTERPaper XIII (AC 4.1): Principles and Practices of Aquaculture 100 04Paper XIV (AC 4.2): Fish Processing Technology 100 04Paper XV (AC 4.3): Aquaculture Biotechnology 100 04Paper XVI (AC 4.4): Fish and Shellfish Immunology 100 04PRACTICALSPractical-VII (ACP 7): Aquaculture and Fish Processing Technology 100 04Practical- VIII (ACP 8): Aquaculture Biotechnology and Immunology 100 04

Project Work, Field Training and Viva-voce 100 04 -------- -------

Total: 2500 100MOOCs: --------- -------

1. One MOOC - II Semester 100 022. One MOOC - III Semester 100 02

P.S. The marks are included with 30% internal component in each theory and practical paper except Project work and MOOCs

2. Programme Objectives (POs):The M.Sc. Aquaculture programme is designed to impart knowledge and technical skills

to understand this rapidly changing field of modern Aquaculture. It also aims to empower

students to understand the recent trends and challenges of farming society in the field of

Aquaculture and get confidence to work on different kinds of aquaculture practices. The

programme has been structured in a way that the students will be acquainted with both basic and

applied aspects of Aquaculture. The course also has a strong lab and Project component, where

the students can acquire practical knowledge and hands-on training in the field to handle any

challenging task in aquaculture and employable skills. Students would also become aware of the

socio-economic and environmental significance of aquaculture and their relevance to the

national economy.

The programme based on choice-based credit system is designed to ignite the inquisitive

mind to enter into research in interdisciplinary areas. Keeping in view of the CSIR UGC NET

and ICAR Exams, the syllabus was framed in all the courses to enable the students to opt their

career in the fields of research, teaching and scientific positions in research institutes and

aquaculture-based Industries.

3. Programme Outcomes (POs): After successful completion of M.Sc. Aquaculture programme, the students have a good

understanding of the culture techniques of various aquatic organisms which would be helpful for

the production of healthy food for human consumption in a sustainable manner. The programme

will open up several avenues for students in terms of research and employability. Students would

sufficiently be skilled in using relevant tools and techniques for the better management of culture

ponds and hatcheries with reference to water quality, diseases, nutrition and supplementary feeds

as well as marketing and fish processing. This programme will make them suitably

knowledgeable to become entrepreneurs or to undertake jobs in different sectors of aquaculture

such as in farms, hatcheries, analytical laboratories, feed industries, fish processing industries,

marketing, etc. The broad skills and the deeper knowledge in the field would make them highly

successful aquaculturists.

4. Course Wise Content Details for M.Sc. Aquaculture Programme:

M.Sc. AQUACULTUREI – SEMESTER

PAPER – I: LIMNOLOGYCODE No. AC 1.1

Course Objectives: This course Limnology aims to provide essential knowledge of inland aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, springs, streams, wetlands, and groundwater regarding the study of physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics and functions. This course also focuses on the productivity of water bodies, the causes, consequences and control mechanisms for problematic issues like turbidity and eutrophication, and bio-manipulation of zooplankton for the trophic management of ponds and lakes. This course will make the students suitably knowledgeable to undertake water quality management in a culture system which is crucial for the success of any culture practice in commercial aquaculture.

UNIT – I1. Definition and facets of Limnology; Limnology as an applied science.2. Inland water types: Lentic and lotic habitats – their identities and distribution, ponds and

lakes, streams and rivers; Major rivers and lakes of India.3. Origin and classification of lakes.4. Anomalous properties of water, their influence on biota in inland waters.5. Temperature and Light: Thermal stratification and its overall impact, thermal classification

of lakes; Factors affecting light penetration in natural waters.

Learning outcome: Students acquire knowledge about

Definition and facets of limnology and types of inland water bodies Anomalous properties of water, light and temperature and their influence on biota.

UNIT – II1. Dissolved oxygen: Sources, losses and distribution patterns.2. Identification of oxygen depletion problems and control mechanisms in fish ponds.3. Carbon dioxide: Sources, losses and distribution patterns; role of carbon dioxide in chemical

buffering.4. Bio-geochemical cycles: General account of nutrients; Nitrogen and Phosphorus cycles.

Learning outcome: Students are able to understand the

Sources, losses and distribution of dissolved oxygen and CO2 and their dynamics in natural water bodies and in fish ponds

Bio-geochemical cycles in aquatic ecosystems.

UNIT – III1. Plankton: Composition, classification and distribution patterns in lakes and rivers. 2. Benthos: Composition, classification and distribution of benthos in lakes and rivers. 3. Nekton and its significance. 4. Large Aquatic Plants: Classification, distribution and limnological significance.

Learning outcome:

Students will be familiar with the Composition, classification, distribution and limnological significance of plankton,

benthos, nekton and aquatic vegetation in lakes, ponds and rivers

UNIT – IV1. Productivity: Concept of productivity; methods for the estimation of primary, secondary and tertiary productivity; Classification of lakes based on productivity; indices of productivity in lakes2. Turbidity: Causes, consequences and control.3. Eutrophication: Causes, consequences and control mechanisms.4. Bio-manipulation Concept: Zooplankton as a tool in lake management.

Learning outcome: Students are able to understand the

Methods for estimating productivity, classification and indices of productivity in ponds and lakes

Causes, consequences and control of turbidity and eutrophication in ponds and lakes Bio-manipulation of zooplankton in pond and lake management.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Allan JD.1995. Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters. Chapman & Hall2. Cole GA. 1983. Text book of Limnology, C.V Mosby Company, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.3. Goldman CR. and Horne AJ. 1983. Limnology. Mc Graw-Hill International Book Company. 4. Golterman, HL. 1975. Physiological Limnology. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam. 5. Hutchinson,GE. 1957. A Treatise on Limnology: Vol I. Geography, physics and chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.6. Hutchinson GE. 1967. A Treatise on Limnology, Vol II. Introduction to lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.7. Reid GR.1961. Ecology and Inland waters and Estuaries. Rein Hold Corp., New York.8. Ruttner F. 1953. Fundamentals of Limnology, Uni. of Toronto press, Toronto.9. Welch PS. 1952. Limnology, 2nd Ed. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co., New York.10.Wetzel RG. 1975. Limnology, W.B. Sanders Company, Philadelphia.

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M.Sc. AQUACULTUREI – SEMESTER

PAPER – II: AQUACULTURE ENGINEERINGCODE No. AC 1.2

Course Objectives: To learn the basic aspects of successful farm designing for effective management and

optimum yield.

UNIT – I1. Planning and Aquaculture Development: Priorities, resources, technology, human

resources, legal and environmental factors and organization of aquaculture.2. Selection of Sites for Aquaculture: Criteria for site selection of fresh water and brackish

water farms - land based and open water farms; quantity and quality of water, sources of pollution and conflicts.

3. Farm/hatchery standards and bio-security measures: Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) measures; Better Management Practices (BMP’s)

Learning outcome:Students will be familiar with the

Methods of planning for aquaculture development Criteria to be followed for selection of aquaculture sites and Important aspects of farm/hatchery standards and bio-security measures.

UNIT – II 1. Freshwater Fish Farm - Design and construction: Layout of farm, size of the farm,

division of the farm area; size, shape and depth of ponds; dike design, pond bottom and harvesting sump; water supply and drainage system of pond – pipes, sluice, monk, turn-down pipe; aerators and method of construction.

2. Brackish water Shrimp Farm - Design and construction: Layout designs, design of water management systems, design of water control structures, design of peripheral and internal dikes, water supply and drainage, method of construction.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about design and construction of Freshwater fish farm and brackish

water shrimp farm

UNIT – III 1. Fish Hatchery - Design, construction: Criteria for site selection of hatchery and nursery;

Design and construction of Jar hatchery and Chinese hatchery system.2. Shrimp Hatchery - Design and construction: Site selection and facilities required –

maturation tanks, spawning tanks, larval rearing tanks, live food culture tanks, water storage and filtration tank, aeration, seawater supply and piping system; Lay-out and construction.

Learning outcome: Students will get an understanding of design and construction of Fish hatchery and

Shrimp hatchery

UNIT – IV 1. Cages and Rafts: Design and cconstruction. 2. Pens and Enclosures: Design and cconstruction3. Raceway Farms: Design and cconstruction.

Learning outcome: Students will get an understanding of design and construction of culture systems like

Cages and Rafts, Pens and Enclosures, and Raceway Farms

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Bose AN. et al., 1991. Coastal Aquaculture Engineering. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.2. Chakraborty C & Sadhu AK. 2000. Biology Hatchery and Culture Technology of Tiger Prawn and

Giant Freshwater Prawn. Daya Publ. House3. CIFE. 1993. Training Manual on Culture of Live Food Organisms for Aqua Hatcheries. CIFE,

Versova, Mumbai4. FAO. 2007. Manual for Operating a Small Scale Recirculation Freshwater Prawn Hatchery 5. Hepher B & Pruginin Y. 1981. Commercial Fish Farming. John-Willey & Sons Inc. 6. ICAR. 2006. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. ICAR.7. Ivar LO. 2007. Aquaculture Engineering. Daya Publ. House.8. Jhingran VG & Pullin RSV. 1985. Hatchery Manual for the Common, Chinese and Indian Major

Carps. ICLARM, Philippines. 9. Misra R and Dora KC. 2015. A text Book on Aquaculture Engineering, Narendra Publishing House,

New Delhi.10. MPEDA. 1993. Handbook on Aqua Farming - Live Feed. Micro Algal Culture. MPEDA Publication 11. Pilley, TVR & Dill, WMA. 1979. Advances in Aquaculture. Fishing News Books, Ltd. England. 12. Pillay TVR & Kutty MN. 2005. Aquaculture- Principles and Practices. Blackwell. 13. Stickney RR. 1979. Principles of Warm water Aquaculture. John-Willey & sons Inc. 14. Thomas L. 1995. Fundamentals of Aquacultural Engineering. Chapman & Hall15. Thomas PC, Rath SC & Mohapatra KD.2003.Breeding and Seed Production of Finfish and Shellfish.

Daya Publ.16. Wheaton FW. 1977. Aquacultural Engineering. John Wiley & Sons.

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M.Sc. AQUACULTURE

I – SEMESTERPAPER–III: TAXONOMY AND FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF SHELLFISH

CODE No. AC 1.3

Course Objectives:This course aims to provide adequate knowledge on the Classification of major groups of Crustaceans and Molluscs, their feeding habits, structure and functional aspects of different organs and systems. Thus, the student will have an insight into the theoretical aspects of shellfish, which will be useful practically during shrimp and other shellfish culture.

UNIT – I 1. Classification of Crustacea: Major groups up to orders and their important characters.2. Classification of Mollusca: Major groups up to orders and their important characters.

Learning outcome: Students will be familiar with the major groups of crustaceans and molluscs and their

characters

UNIT – II1. Feeding in Crustacea: Food and feeding habits of cultured crustaceans – Branchiopoda and

Malacostraca.2. Feeding in Mollusca: Food and feeding habits of cultured molluscs – Gastropoda and

Bivalvia.

Learning outcome: Students have an understanding about the natural food and feeding habits of crustaceans

and molluscs

UNIT – III1 Respiratory System in Crustacea: Structure and function of respiratory organs. 2 Respiratory System in Mollusca: Structure and function of respiratory organs. 3 Excretory System in Crustacea: Structure and function of excretory organs. 4 Excretory System in Mollusca: Structure and function of excretory organs

Learning outcome: Students will be able to know about the structure and function of respiratory and

excretory organs in crustaceans and molluscs.

UNIT – IV1. Endocrine System in Crustacea: Structure and function of endocrine organs and their role

in reproduction.2. Reproductive System in Crustacea: Reproductive patterns, reproductive organs, gonad

maturity, spawning and fertilization.3. Reproductive System in Mollusca: Reproductive patterns, reproductive organs, gonad

maturity, spawning and fertilization.

Learning outcome:Students will understand the

Significance of hormones secreted by various endocrine glands and their role during reproduction in crustaceans

Various aspects of reproductive biology in crustaceans and mollsuscs.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Barrington EJW. Invertebrate Structure and Function. 1976. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. London s2. Hyman LH. The Invertebrates, 1955. Vol.1 to 8, McGrw Hill Co., New York. 3. Borradile & RA Potts. 1962. The Invertebrates. Asia Publishing House.4. Kaestner A. 1967. Invertebrate Zoology. Vol. I - III. John Willey & Sons.5. Barrington EJW. 1971. Invertebrates: Structure and Function. ELBS.6. Kurian CV & Sabastian VO. 1976. Prawns and Prawn Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publ.Co. 7. Fretter V & Graham A. 1976. The Functional Anatomy of Invertebrates. Academic Press Inc. 8. Parker TJ & Haswell WA. 1992. The Text Book of Zoology. Vol. I. Invertebrates. (Eds: A.J. Marshall & W.D. Willimas), ELBS & McMillan & Co.9. Ruppert EE, Fox RS & Barnes RD. 2004. Invertebrates Zoology, 7th edition, Thomson, Brooks/Cole.

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M.Sc. AQUACULTURE

I – SEMESTERPAPER – IV: TAXONOMY AND ANATOMY OF FINFISH

CODE No. AC 1.4

Course Objectives:This course is designed to impart knowledge on the classification of major groups of fishes and their important characters describe the external and internal anatomy of all organs and systems in various groups of fishes focus on the determination of age and growth; feeding and reproductive biology in different

kinds of fishes with their applications in Fisheries and Aquaculture.

UNIT – I1. Classification of fishes: Major groups up to subclass and their important characters.2. Skin: Structure and function of skin in fishes.3. Scales: Structure of placoid, cosmoid, ganoid, cycloid and ctenoid scales.

Learning outcome:Students will understand the

Major groups of fishes and their characters, and Structure and function of skin and scales of fishes

UNIT – II1. Age and Growth: Methods of determination of age; Methods for studying growth, Length-

Weight relationship and Condition factor.2. Feeding in fishes: Natural food of fishes; feeding habits - predators, grazers, strainers,

suckers and parasites; feeding adaptations and stimuli for feeding. 3. Respiratory system: Structure of gills and accessory respiratory organs.

Learning outcome:Students become familiar with

Various methods of determination of age and growth in fishes, Natural food, feeding habits and concurrent feeding adaptations of fishes, and Structure of respiratory system in various groups of fishes.

UNIT – III1. Cardiovascular system: Structure of cardiovascular system in fishes.2. Nervous system: Structure and function of brain and cranial nerves. 3. Excretory system and Osmoregulation: Structure and function of kidneys in fishes.

Learning outcome:Students will be able to know the

Structure of heart and vascular systems in fishes Structure and function of brain and cranial nerves, and Structure and function of kidneys and osmoregulation in fishes.

UNIT – IV

1. Endocrine system: Structure and function of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ultimobranchial glands, chromaffin tissue, adrenocortical tissue and corpuscles of stannous. 2. Reproductive system: Reproductive structures in teleosts; maturity stages of gonads. 3. Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index (GSI).

Learning outcome:Students have a better understanding of the

Significance of hormones secreted by various endocrine glands in reproduction and growth of fishes, and

Reproductive structures and importance of fecundity and gonado-somatic index in fishes. REFERENCE BOOKS1. Bond E. Carl. 1979. Biology of Fishes, Saunders.2. Halver JE. 1972. Fish Nutrition. Academic Press.3. Hoar WS and Randall DJ. 1970. Fish Physiology, Vol. I-IX, Academic Press, New York.4. Lagler KF, Bardach, JE, Miller, RR, Passino DRM. 1977. Ichthyology, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons,

New York.5. Lovell J. 1989. Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.6. Moyle PB and Joseph J. Cech Jr. 2004. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology. 5th Ed. Prentice Hall.7. Nikolsky GV. 1963. Ecology of Fishes, Academic Press.8. Norman JR and Greenwood PH. 1975. A History of Fishes, Halsted Press.9. Potts GW and Wootten RJ. 1984. Fish Reproduction: Strategies and Tactics, Academic Press.

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M.Sc. AQUACULTURE

I - SEMESTERPRACTICAL – I: LIMNOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING

CODE No. ACP 01

Limnology1. Estimation of pH and turbidity. 2. Estimation of total alkalinity.3. Estimation of dissolved oxygen.4. Estimation of total hardness. 5. Estimation of phosphates.6. Estimation of iron.7. Estimation of primary productivity (light and dark bottle method).

Aquaculture Engineering1. Design and layout of freshwater and brackish water farm.2. Design and construction of Fish and shrimp hatchery.3. Rates of calculation of water flow through pipes of different diameters and of pumps of

different HP (horse power).4. Estimations and calculations of production costs of fish/shrimp farm.

M.Sc. AQUACULTUREI - SEMESTER

PRACTICAL - 1I: TAXONOMY AND ANATOMY OF FINFISH AND SHELLFISHCODE No. ACP 02

1. Collection, preservation and identification of a fish: general description of a fish, recording biometric data and identification up to genus level using taxonomic key. 2. Identification of commercially important freshwater, brackish water and marine water fishes.3. Identification of the stages of maturation of gonads in fishes.4. Dissection and mounting of pituitary gland.5. Dissection of digestive systems of fishes with different feeding habits.6. Mounting of fish scales.7 Identification and systematics of estuarine and marine shell fish of commercial importance.8. Identification of different stages of shrimp/prawn seed. 9. Dissection of digestive system of shrimp/prawn.10. Identification and mounting of appendages of shrimp/prawn.

M.Sc. AQUACULTURE

II – SEMESTERPAPER – V: MARINE AND BRACKISH WATER ECOLOGY

CODE No. AC 2.1

Course Objectives:Major objective of this course is to create awareness among the students about the marine and brackish water environments, the organisms existing in these environments, their habitats, biodiversity and the impact of anthropogenic factors and climatic changes and their management.

UNIT – I: Marine Ecology 1. Classification of the marine environment and salient features of different zones.2. Classification of marine organisms and their characteristic features.3. Shore environment: Physico-chemical and biological factors of intertidal zone; distribution of life on rocky, sandy, mud shores and their characteristic features; fauna and their adaptations.

Learning outcome:Students will be familiar with

Marine environment and salient features of different zones Marine organisms and their characteristic features Shore environment, characteristic features; fauna and their adaptations

UNIT – II1. Organic production of the sea: Primary, secondary and tertiary production; factors affecting primary production; measurement of organic production.2. Marine food chains and food webs. 3. Human impact and management of coastal ecosystems.

Learning outcome:Students are able to understand the

Organic production of the sea, factors affecting primary production; measurement of organic production.

Marine food chains and food webs Human impact and management of coastal ecosystems

UNIT – III: Brackish water Ecology1. Classification of brackish water habitats and salient features of different zones: Estuaries, mangroves, lakes, lagoons and marshes/ wetlands. 2. Ecology of some typical brackish water habitats of India: Estuaries – Hooghly-Matlah, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery and west coast estuaries; lakes and coastal lagoons – Chilka, Pulicat, Kerala backwaters, Kaliveli lake, Rann of Kutch.

Learning outcome:Students will know about the

Brackish water habitats and salient features of different zones Ecology of some typical brackish water habitats Lakes and coastal lagoons

UNIT – IV1. Structure and function of estuarine ecosystems: Physico-chemical features, mineral cycling (CNP), biotic communities, estuarine food webs and energy flow.2. Estuarine fauna and their adaptations.3. Human impact and management of estuarine ecosystems.

Learning outcome:Students will be acquainted with

Estuarine ecosystems, biotic communities, estuarine food webs and energy flow Estuarine fauna and their adaptations Influence of anthropogenic activities and the management of estuarine

ecosystems

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Balakrishnan Nair N and Thampi DM. 1980. A Text Book of Marine Ecology. Macmilaan

Company of India Ltd. Delhi.2. Clark JR. 1992. Integrated Management of Coastal Zones. FAO Fisheries Tech. Paper No. 327,

Rome.3. Goudie A. 1993. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment. MIT Press.4. Lewis JR. 1964. The Ecology of Rocky Shores. The English Universities Press Ltd. London.5. Reid GK and Wood RD. 1976. Ecology of Inland waters and Estuaries. Van Nostrand Company. 6. Sverdrup HV, Johnson MW and Fleming RH.1942. The Oceans: their physics, chemistry and general

biology. Prentice Hall, Inc. New York. 7. Santhanam R and Srinivasan A. 1994. A Manual of Marine Zooplankton. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

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M.Sc. AQUACULTUREII – SEMESTER

PAPER – VI: FISH PHYSIOLOGYCODE No. AC 2.2

Course objectives:The course provides knowledge on how the organs and systems of fish function together in the living fish. Focus has been on the different pathways of cellular metabolism, and various physiological processes taking place in fish. The knowledge of fish physiology equips the students for better management of fish/shrimp and optimization of aquaculture production.

UNIT – I1. Digestion: Digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; Digestive enzymes and regulation of their secretions; Absorption and assimilation of nutrients; Role of hormones in the

regulation of digestion; Factors affecting digestion and transport of nutrients.2. Metabolism: Pathways of cellular metabolism.

Learning outcome:Students would acquire knowledge on

Digestion and assimilation of nutrients, role of enzymes and hormones in digestion and factors affecting digestion and nutrient transport

Different pathways of cellular metabolism.

UNIT – II1. Respiration: Definition of respiration; external respiration and internal respiration.2. Mechanism of gaseous exchange, CO2 transport, countercurrent principle, water flow across the gills, respiratory pumps. 3. Circulation: Role of blood in transport of gases; composition and function of blood. Learning outcome:Students will learn about the

Mechanism of respiration in fishes Composition of blood and its role in the transport of gases

UNIT – III1. Sensory organs: Structure and function of chemo-, photo- and phonoreceptor, lateral line sense organs. 2. Action potential, synapse, neurotransmitters, impulse transmission. 3. Osmoregulation: Mechanism of osmotic and ionic regulation; endocrine control of osmoregulation

Learning outcome:Students have an idea about the

Structure and function of various sensory organs in fishes Propagation of nerve impulse, neurotransmitters and synaptic transmission Mechanism of osmoregulation in fishes of freshwater and marine environments.

UNIT – IV1. Excretion: Mechanism of excretion of nitrogenous waste, water and ionic balance.

2. Reproduction and Endocrinology: Development of gonad, oogenesis, spermatogenesis, metabolic changes during oogenesis and spermatogenesis; hormonal control of reproduction in fish.

3. Neuro-endocrine system in crustacean and its role in the regulation of reproduction.


Excretion of ammonia, urea, uric acid, and water and ionic balance Process of reproduction and its hormonal control in fishes Neuro-endocrine system and its role in reproduction of crustaceans.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Adiyodi KG & Adiyodi RG. 1971. Endocrine Control of Reproduction in Decapod Crustacea.

Biology Reviews. 2. Agarwal NK. 2008. Fish Reproduction. APH Publ.3. Brown ME. 1966. Physiology of fishes. Vol. I and II Academic Press. New York. 4. Halver JE. 1972. Fish nutrition. Acaemic Press, New York. 5. Hoar WS. 1984. General and Comparative physiology. Printice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 6. Hoar WS, Randall DJ & Donaldson EM. 1983. Fish Physiology. Vol. IX. Academic Press, New York7. Lagler KF, Bardach, JE, Miller, RR, Passino DRM. 1977. Ichthyology, 2nd Ed. John Wiley &

Sons, New York.8. Matty AJ. 1985. Fish Endocrinology. Croom Helm. 9. Mente E. 2003. Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism in Crustaceans. Science Publ.10. Moyle PB. 1982. Fishes: An introduction to ichthyology. Printice-Hall, Englewood cliffs.11. Patts, GW. 1984. Fish reproduction. Stratingies and tactics. Academic Press, London.12. Prosser CL. 1973. Comparative animal physiology. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

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PAPER – VII: AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGYCODE No. AC 2.3

Cource Objectives:

This course is designed to know about the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, microbial communities in

freshwater, estuarine and marine environments, and factors influencing the microbial growth understand the role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles, degradation of natural and

synthetic compounds, and the toxins secreted by microbes. learn about various bioprocesses, bioindicators, bioremediators and biosensors, production of

single cell protein and nutritional requirements of microbes. acquire basic knowledge on various microbial techniques used in aquaculture.

UNIT – I1. Cell Structure: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell membrane, cell wall, proteins,

nucleic acids – structure, properties and interactions. 2. Distribution and classification: Microbial community in freshwater, estuary and marine

environment - types and abundance.3. Microbial Growth: Factors influencing microbial growth - Physical, chemical and biological

conditions of the environment.

Learning outcome: Students will learn the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures, properties and

interactions, microbial communities in freshwater, estuary and marine environment, and factors influencing microbial growth.

UNIT – II1. Microbial interaction: Role of microbial population in biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P, S, Si

and Fe), xenobiotic and inorganic pollutants.2. Microbial degradation of natural and synthetic compounds. 3. Microbial toxins. Learning outcome:

Students are able to understand the role of biogeochemical cycles, xenobiotic and organic pollutants, microbial degradation of natural and synthetic products and microbial toxins.

UNIT – III1. Bioprocesses: Principles and applications of bioprocesses - Bioremediation, biofertilization,

biofilms, bio-leaching, bio-corrosion, bio-fouling.2. Microorganisms as bioindicators, bioremediators and biosensors.3. Microbial biomass production – single cell protein; Bioprospecting. 4. Nutritional requirements of microorganisms – constituents of growth media.

Learning outcome: Students acquire knowledge on the principles and applications of bioprocesses,

microorganisms as bioindicators, bioremediators and biosensors, single cell protein production, and nutritional requirements for organisms.

UNIT – IV Microbiological Techniques:1. Sterilization and media preparation; Isolation, enumeration, preservation; maintenance of cultures – growth curve, different types of cultures, population estimation

techniques. 2. Routine tests for identification of bacteria – morphological, cultural, biochemical and serological. 3. Basics of mycological and virological techniques.4. Introduction to molecular techniques in microbiology.

Learning outcome: Students will be familiar with various microbial techniques commonly used in

aquaculture.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Dhevendaran K. 2008. Aquatic Microbiology, Daya Publ. House.2. Frobisher M, Hinsdill RD, Crabtree KT & Goodheart CR. 1974. Fundamentals of Microbiology. WB

Saunders. 3. Geesey G, Lewandowski Z & Flemming HC. (Eds.). 1994. Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial

Water Systems. CRC Press. 4. Prasad AB & Vaishampayan A. 1994. Nitrogen Fixing Organisms – Problems and Prospects.

Scientific Publ. 5. Rao AS. 1997. Introduction to Microbiology. Printice-Hall, New Delhi.6. Rheinheimer G. 1992. Aquatic Microbiology. John Wiley & Sons. 7. Stanier R, Ingraham JL & Adelberg EA. 1976. General Microbiology. MacMillan. 8. Vernam AH & Evans M. 2000. Environmental Microbiology. Blackwell.

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PAPER - VIII: NUTRITION AND FEED TECHNOLOGY CODE No. AC 2.4

Course Objectives:

To create basic understanding on the nutritional requirements of fish/shellfish and feed manufacturing.

UNIT – I1. Fish Nutrition: Principles of fish nutrition and terminologies; Nutritional requirements of

cultivable finfish and shellfish. 2. Nutritional Biochemistry: Classification of nutrients, nutrient quality and evaluation of

proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

Learning outcome: Students will get an understanding of principles of fish nutrition and nutritional

biochemistry of nutrients

UNIT – II1. Nutritional Bioenergetics: Energy requirement of fishes, protein to energy ratio, digestible energy, nitrogen balance index, protein sparing effect, high energy feeds, isocaloric diets. 2. Metabolic rate; Energy budgets; Energy efficiency of fish production.

Learning outcome: Students will get an understanding of various aspects of Nutritional Bioenergetics.

UNIT – III1. Natural food: Importance in aquaculture; Fish food organisms – Bacterioplankton,

phytoplankton and zooplankton and their role in larval nutrition. 2. Supplementary feeds: Types of feeds - Wet feed, moist feed, dry feed, mashes, pelleted

feeds - floating and sinking pellets, microencapsulated diets. 3. Feed additives: Binders, antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, growth promoters, feed

stimulants; use of preservatives.

Learning outcome: Students will be familiar with various types of natural food, supplementary feeds and

feed additives

UNIT – IV1. Feed manufacture: Feed formulation and processing; Feed machinery units: Pulverizer,

grinder, mixer, pelletizer, crumbler, drier, extruder/expander, vacuum coater and fat sprayer. 2. Feeding strategies: Feeding devices, feeding schedules and ration size.3. Feed evaluation: Feed conversion efficiencies and ratios. Feed storage methods.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about important steps involved in the manufacture of feeds, feeding

strategies & feed evaluation.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. ADCP(AquacultureDevelopment&Co-ordinationProgram).1980.Fish Feed Technology.ADCP/REP/80/11FAO

2. Cyrino EP, Bureau D & Kapoor BG. 2008. Feeding and Digestive Functions in Fishes. Science Publ. 3. D’ Abramo LR, Conklin DE & Akiyama DM. 1977. Crustacean Nutrition: Advances in Aquaculture.

Vol. VI. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Roughe. 4. De Silva SS & Anderson TA. 1995. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Chapman & Hall Aquaculture

Series. 5. Elena M. 2003. Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism in Crustaceans. Science Publishers. 6. Guillame J, Kaushik S, Bergot P & Metallier R. 2001. Nutrition and Feeding of Fish and

Crustaceans. Springer Praxis Publ. 7. Halver J & Hardy RW. 2002. Fish Nutrition. Academic Press. 8. Halver JE & Tiews KT. 1979. Finfish Nutrition and Fish feed Technology. Vols. I, II Heenemann,

Berlin. 9. Hertrampf JW & Pascual FP. 2000. Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds. Kluwer. 10. Houlihan D, Boujard T & Jobling M. 2001. Food Intake in Fish. Blackwell. 11. Jobling M. 1994. Fish Bioenergetics. Chapman & Hall.12. Lavens P & Sorgeloos P. 1996. Manual on the Production and Use of Live Food for Aquaculture.

FAO Fisheries Tech. Paper 361, FAO. 13. Nelson DL & Cox MM. 2005. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. WH Freeman.14. New MB. 1987. Feed and Feeding of Fish and Shrimp. A Manual on the Preparation and

Preservation of Compound Feeds for Shrimp and Fish in Aquaculture. FAO – ADCP/REP/87/2616. Ojha JS. 2005. Aquaculture Nutrition and Biochemistry. Daya Publ.

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PRACTICAL - III: MARINE AND BRACKISH WATER ECOLOGY AND

FISH PHYSIOLOGYCODE No. ACP 3

Marine and Brackish Water Ecology1. Analysis of soil – determination of soil texture, soil pH, conductivity, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon. 2. Estimation of water salinity and pH. 3. Estimation of primary productivity (light and dark bottle method).3. Estimation of COD and BOD.4. Estimation of oxygen consumption.

Fish Physiology1. Qualitative identification and estimation of ammonia and urea.2. Estimation of glycogen.3. Estimation of proteins.4. Estimation of lipids.5. Estimation of hemoglobin.6. Estimation of tissue somatic index.


PRACTICAL - IV: AQUACULTURE MICROBIOLOGY AND NUTRITION & FEED TECHNOLOGY

CODE No. ACP 4

Aquaculture Microbiology1. Preparation of different types of media for bacterial cultures.2. Standard Plate Count of Bacteria (SPC).3. Isolation of bacteria – coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, E. coli.

Nutrition and Feed Technology1. Proximate composition of aquaculture feeds – Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, moisture,

ash content. 2. Calculation of surface area and calorific needs of fish, calculation of feed rations,

dosage of chemicals etc. for treatment in culture ponds and cost estimates.3. Estimation of amylase and lipase activity.

M.Sc. AQUACULTUREIII – SEMESTER

PAPER – IX: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGYCODE No. AC 3.1

Course Objectives:

Major objective of this paper ‘Tools and Techniques’ is to introduce the major and minor tools that are used in biological sciences, particularly about the principles of instrumentation, working conditions and interpretation of the data they obtained in instrumental analysis. Lectures will specifically address the historical standard techniques, gradual evolution for their extended use of molecular techniques.

UNIT – I1. Microscopies: Working principle and types of Optical Microscopy – dark-field, phase-

contrast, interference, polarization and fluorescence microscopy; Working principle and types of Electron Microscopy – Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Scanning-Transmission electron microscopy (STEM); Different fixation and staining techniques for electron microscopy.

2. Spectroscopies: Working principle of UV-Visible spectrophotometry, IR spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Fluorescence and Phosphorescence spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.


Different types of Microscopy, their working principles and uses Different spectroscopic methods, working principles and applications Recent advances in the existing instrumentation and their evolution

UNIT – II1. Chromatography: Principles and applications of Gel filtration, Paper, Column, Ion-

exchange, Affinity, Thin layer (TLC), Gas liquid (GLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

2. Electrophoresis: Agarose gel electrophoresis, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE), Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Two-dimensional electrophoresis - Iso-electric focusing (IEF).

Learning outcome:Students will acquire knowledge on

Chromatographic techniques, their working principles, applications and uses Different electrophoretic methods, working principles and applications Recent advances in the existing instrumentation and their evolution

UNIT – III 1. Nucleic acid blotting techniques: Southern blotting, Northern blotting and Western blotting;

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); DNA fingerprinting; Genomics and Proteomics. 2. Sequences and nomenclature: IUPAC symbols, nomenclature of DNA sequences,

nomenclature of protein sequences, directionality of sequences, types of sequences used in bioinformatics.

3. Information sources: NCBI, GDB, MGB, data retrieval tools, database similarity searching, resources for gene level sequences, use of bioinformatics tools in analysis.


Blotting techniques, their working principles, applications and uses in analysis of Nucleic acids

Nomenclature of DNA sequences, nomenclature of protein sequences types of sequences used in bioinformatics.

Data retrieval tools, database similarity searching, resources for gene level sequences, use of bioinformatics tools in analysis.

UNIT – IV1. Bio-statistics: Measures of central tendency and dispersal – mean, median and mode; Probabity

distributions - binomial, poisson and normal; Sampling distribution. 2 Standard deviation, standard error and confidence interval; Regression and Correlation.3. Tests of significance: Levels of significance, X2 test, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Usage of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Learning outcome:Students will be acquainted with

Sampling distributon, measures of central tendencies and probability distributions Standard deviation, standard error and confidence interval; Regression and Correlation. Different tests of significance and Usage of Statistical Package for Social Sciences

(SPSS).

REFERENCES BOOKS1. Brewer JM, Pesce AJ & Ashworth RB. 1974. Experimental Techniques in Biochemistry. Prentice-Hall. 2. Diamond PS & Denman RF. 1966. Laboratory Techniques in Chemistry and Biochemistry. Butterworths3. Dubey, R.C., 2006. A Text Book of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.4. Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Rice EW & Greenberg AE. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater. APHAAWWA-WEF, Washington DC. 5. Fishbein L. 1973. Chromatography of Environmental Hazards: Metals, Gaseous and Industrial Pollutants.

Elsevier. 6. Jeffery GH, Basset J, Mendham J & Denney RC. (Eds.). 1989. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical

Analysis. Longman.7. Nelson DL and Cox MM. 2005. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. WH Freeman. 8. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA & Rodwell VW. 2000. Harper’s Biochemistry. Appleton & Lange.9. Narayanan, P. 2005. Essentials of Biophysics, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India.10. Satyanarayana, U. 2005. Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd., Kolkata, India.11. Sparks DL, Page AL, Helmke PA, Loeppert RH, Soltanpour PN, Tabatabai MA, Johnston CT & Sumner ME.

(Eds.). 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3. Chemical Methods. SSSA-ASA, Madison. 12. Welch PS. 2003. Limnological Methods. Narendra Publ. House. 13. Wilson K & Walker J. 2002. Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques. Cambridge University Press,

Oxford.14. Anderson TW.1984. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis.Wiley Series in Probability and

Statistics, Singapore 15. Biradar RS. 2002. Course Manual on Fisheries Statistics. 2nd Ed. CIFE, Mumbai. 16. Ghosh S. 1999. Multivariate Analysis, Design of Experiments and Survey Sampling. Marcel Dekker.17. Keller G. 2001. Applied Statistics with Microsoft Excel. Duxbury. 18. William RD & Matthew G. 1984. Multivariate Analysis, Methods and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

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PAPER – X: AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS AND FISHERIES EXTENSION CODE No. AC 3.2

Course Objectives:Economic analysis in aquaculture is the basis for evaluating the performance of a commercial aquaculture farm. The course reveals how to start and operate an aquaculture farm in terms of cost-benefit ratio for profitable venture. Micro-economics in aquaculture envisages the management measures and elements affecting the efficiency of operation at the farm level. It also provides information on fish marketing methods in India and the economic feasibility investment analysis in aquaculture. Fisheries Extension elucidates the fisheries training and educational institutions, institutional funding, socio-economic conditions of fishermen and fish farmers and cooperative societies helping fishermen community. This course offers jobs in marketing field of different national and international organizations and other allied aquaculture enterprise.

UNIT – I: Economics 1. The basis of production; Interrelationships of aquaculture systems.2. Production Economics: Basic economic principles applied to aquaculture production; the

input-output relationships, maximum level of input, least-cost combination of inputs, maximum level of out put, combination of products, economies of size.

3. Cost-Benefit Analysis: Production costs - fixed costs, variable costs, gross revenue, economic analysis; Partial budget analysis; Cash flow analysis.

Learning outcome:Students are able to understand the

External and internal factors affecting the aqua production Basic economic principles of aquaculture Cost- return analysis in aquaculture.

UNIT – II1. Marketing Economics: Fish marketing methods in India; Basic concepts in demand and price

analysis; demand, supply and fish prices, elasticity of demand (price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand, cross elasticity of demand).

2. Economic feasibility of investment analysis: Methods of feasibility analysis; the payback period, average rate of return, discounting method, Net Present Value, Benefit-cost Ratio, Internal Rate of Return.

Learning outcome:Students are aware of

Fish marketing methods in India. Economic feasibility investment analysis in aquaculture.

UNIT – III1. Economics of carp production farm (Unit costs). 2. Economics of a shrimp farm. 3. Economics of a freshwater prawn farm.

Learning outcome:Students should aware of

Economics of carp farm production. Economics of shrimp farm production.

UNIT – IV: Fisheries Extension 1. Fisheries training and Education in India: Training Institutes, Universities, Research

organizations. 2. Institutional funding to fisheries and aquaculture sector.3. Socio-economic conditions of fishermen and fish farmers.4. Fishermen Co-operative societies.

Learning outcome:Students are familiar with the

Fisheries training centers and educational institutions Funding agencies to fisheries and aquaculture sectors Fishermen co-operative societies and their roles.

REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Adcock D, Bradfield R, Halborg A & Ross C. 1995. Marketing Principles and Practice. Pitman Publ.2. Allen, et al.(Eds). 1984. Bio-Economics of Aquaculture. Elsevier Publ. 3. Chaston I. 1984. Business Management in Fisheries and Aquaculture, Fishing News Books.4. Hepher B and Pruginin Y. 1989. Commercial Fish Farming. Wiley-Interscience.5. Ian C. 1984. Marketing in Fisheries and Aquaculture. Fishing News Books.6. Kumar D. 1996. Aquaculture Extension Services Review: India. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 906,

Rome.7. Meade JW. 1989. Aquaculture Management Van Nostrand, New York.8. Pillay TVR. 1990. Aquaculture Principles and Practices. Fishing News Books Ltd. London9. Ray GL. 2006. Extension, Communication and Management. 6th Ed. Kalyani Publ. Delhi.10. Shang YC. 1990. Aquaculture Economic Analysis - An Introduction. World Aquaculture Society,

USA.----------------


PAPER – XI: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENTCODE No. AC 3.3

Course Objectives:

To learn effective water quality management practices for sustainable aquaculture.

UNIT – I1. Water quality: Constituents of water, Water quality parameters – optimal levels and their

management in freshwater fish and brackish water shrimp culture.2. Fertilizers and manures: Different kinds of fertilizers and manures, fertilizer grade, source,

rate and frequency of application; Ecological changes taking place after fertilizing; Biofertilizers; Role of inorganic, organic and biofertilizers in aquaculture practices; Utilization of bioactive compounds by microorganisms.

3. Liming: Properties of liming materials, lime requirements and application of liming materials to ponds, effects of liming on pond ecosystem.

Learning outcome: Students will be familiar with the management of water quality parameters, different

kinds of fertilizers and manures and liming of aquaculture farms.

UNIT – II1. Dynamics of dissolved oxygen: Dial changes in dissolved oxygen concentration, oxygen

budget of culture ponds; algal die-off, overturns, identification of oxygen problems.2. Aeration: Principles of aeration, emergency aeration, destratification and practical

considerations.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about dynamics of dissolved oxygen and aeration of aquaculture

farms

UNIT – III1. Hatchery management: Fish hatchery - Hatchery protocols, seed rearing technology;

Packaging and transport of seed. Shrimp hatchery – Larval rearing; culture and use of different live feed; different chemicals and drugs used; water quality and feed management. Water discharge standards; Effluent treatment in hatcheries.

2. Aquatic weed management: Common weeds and problems in culture ponds; chemical, biological and mechanical control methods; Algal bloom control.

Learning outcome: Students will be acquainted with water quality management in fish/shrimp hatchery and

aquatic weed management in aquaculture farms.

UNIT – IV

1. Chemical treatments: Potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, calcium hydroxide; reduction of pH, control of turbidity, salinity, hardness, chlorides, water exchange, chlorine removal; rotenone, formalin and malachite green; methods of applying chemicals.

2. Pollution in relation to aquaculture practices.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about chemical treatments in aquaculture farms and measures to

prevent and combat pollution in aquaculture practices.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Adhikari S & Chatterjee DK. 2008. Management of Tropical Freshwater Ponds. Daya Publ.2. Boyd CE and Tucker CS. 1992. Water Quality and Pond Soil Analyses for Aquaculture. Alabama

Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn University. 3. Boyd CE. 1979. Water Quality in Warm Water Fish Ponds. Auburn University4. Boyd, CE. 1982. Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture. Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co.5. Hepher B & Pruginin Y. 1981. Commercial Fish Farming. John-Willey & Sons Inc. 6. Jhingran VG. 1982. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, India.7. Midlen & Redding TA. 1998. Environmental Management for Aquaculture. Kluwer.8. Pillay TVR & Dill WMA.1979.Advances in Aquaculture. Fishing News Books, Ltd.England. 9. Rajagopalsamy CBT & Ramadhas V. 2002. Nutrient Dynamics in Freshwater Fish Culture System. Daya Publ.

10. Sharma LL, Sharma SK, Saini VP & Sharma BK. 2008. Management of Freshwater Ecosystems. Agrotech Publ. Academy.11. Stickney RR. 1979. Principles of Warm water Aquaculture. John-Willey & sons Inc. 12. Tucker C.S. 1985. Channel Catfish Culture. Elsevier.

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PAPER - XII: FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY CODE No. 3.4

Course objectives:This course is designed to

Identify and categorize the fish and shrimp diseases in the Aquaculture Focus on the basic concepts of fish and shrimp pathology Discuss the prophylaxis, hygiene and therapy of fish and shrimp diseases.

UNIT – I: Viral diseases1. Fish Diseases: Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Viral Hemorrhagic

Septicemia (VHS) and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN). 2. Shrimp Diseases: Pathology, clinical symptoms, prevention and treatment of Monodon

Baculoviral disease (MBV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHHN), Hepato Pancreatic Parvovirus disease (HPPV), Yellow-head virus disease, Taura syndrome and White spot syndrome.

Learning outcome: Significance of Fish/Shrimp diseases in relation to aquaculture. Host, pathogen and environment interaction in the disease development. Explain the Identification of diseases, pathology and control measures of Fish/Shrimp

Viral diseases.

UNIT – II: Bacterial and Fungal diseases1. Fish Diseases: Clinical symptoms, pathology, prevention and control measures of Bacterial

Hemorrhagic Septicemia (BHS), Bacaterial gill disease and Tail and fin rot.2. Pathology, clinical symptoms, prevention and control measures of Saprolegniasis and

Branchiomycosis.3. Shrimp Diseases: Clinical symptoms, pathology, prevention and control measures of Black

gill disease, Filamentous bacterial gill disease.4. Clinical symptoms, pathology, prevention and control measures of Lagenidium disease

(Larval Mycosis) and Brown gill disease.

Learning outcome: Significance of Fish/Shrimp Bacterial and Fungal diseases in relation to aquaculture Host, pathogen and environment interaction in the disease development. Explain the Identification of diseases, pathology and control measures of Fish/Shrimp

Bacterial and Fungal diseases.

UNIT – III: Protozoan, Helminthic and Crustacean diseases1. Fish Diseases: Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Ichthyophthiriasis,

Enterococcidiasis, Whirling disease and Nodular disease. 2. Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Gyrodactylosis and Dactylogyrosis. 3. Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Argulosis and Lernaeasis.4. Shrimp Diseases: Etiology, morphology and control measures of ectocommensal protozoa –

Zoothamnium and Acineta.5. Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Microsporidiasis.


Significance of Fish/Shrimp Protozoan, Helminth and Crustacean diseases in relation to aquaculture.

Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Ichthyophthiriasis, Enterococcidiasis, Whirling disease and Nodular diseases of Protozoans

Explain the Identification of diseases, pathology and control measures of Fish/Shrimp Protozoan, Helminth and Crustacean diseases.

UNIT – IV: Nutritional and Ecological diseases1. Fish Diseases: Diseases of vitamin deficiency and Fatty liver degeneration.2. Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of gas bubble disease and lack of oxygen. 3. Shrimp Diseases: Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Cramped tails,

Muscle Necrosis, Gas bubble disease, Black death disease, Chronic soft shell syndrome and Blue shell syndrome.


Significance of Fish/Shrimp Nutritional and Ecological diseases in relation to aquaculture Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Vitamin deficiency and Fatty liver

Degeneration of fish. Clinical symptoms, pathology and control measures of Cramped tails, Muscle Necrosis,

Gas bubble disease, Black death disease, Chronic soft shell syndrome and Blue shell syndrome of shrimp diseases.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Cheng TC. 1964. The Biology of Animal Parasites. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.2. Conroy CA and Herman RL. 1968. Text book of Fish Diseases.TFH (Great Britain) Ltd, England.3. Lightner DV. 1996. A Handbook of Shrimp Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures for Diseases of Cultured Penaeid Shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, Lousiana, USA.4. Reichenbach KH. 1965. Fish Pathology. TFH (Gt. Britain) Ltd, England.5. Ribelin WE and Miguki G. 1975. The Pathology of Fishes. The Univ. of Wisconsin Press Ltd, Great Russel Street, London, UK.6. Shuzo Egusa.1978. Infectious Diseases of Fish. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 7. Van Duijn, C. 1973. Diseases of Fishes. Cox and Wyman Ltd. London.

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PRACTICAL – V: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE ECONOMICS

CODE No. ACP 5

Tools and Techniques in Biology1. Microscopy - description and working methodology.2. Spectrophotometry - principle and working methodology.3. Paper chromatography - separation of molecules.4. Thin layer chromatography - isolation of molecules.5. Calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation and standard error. 6. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Aquaculture Economics1. Estimation of the unit cost of freshwater prawn farm.2. Unit cost estimates for 1 ha shrimp farming. 3. Unit cost estimates for 1 ha carp farming.


PRACTICAL - VI: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FISH & SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY

CODE No. ACP 6

Water Quality Management1. Determination of temperature, pH, salinity in the pond water sample.2. Estimation of total alkalinity and total hardness.3. Estimation of dissolved oxygen and free carbondioxide. 4. Estimation of phosphates and nitrites. 5. Estimation of COD and BOD.

Fish and Shrimp Diseases1. External examination of the diseased fish – diagnostic features and procedure.2. Exploration of the skin smear3. Exploration of the gill smear 4. Autopsy of fish – Examination of the internal organs.5. Maceration and squash preparation of organs for microscopic observation of pathogens.6. Collection and mounting of some important ecto- and endoparasites of fish.7. Identification of fish diseases. 8. Identification of common shrimp diseases.9. Preparation of paraffin blocks for the study of histology of internal organs - gills, kidney and intestine.

M.Sc. AQUACULTUREIV – SEMESTER

PAPER – XIII: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF AQUACULTURECODE No. AC 4.1

Course Objectives:The course explains the basic concepts about the principles and practices of aquaculture. The objective of this course is to impart knowledge among the students about the culture practices of various aquatic organisms from different aquatic habitats such as freshwater, brackish water and marine water, and to help develop skills in students necessary for contemporary advanced culture techniques for higher and profitable yields in aquaculture. This course will open up several avenues for students in terms of research and employability in hatcheries, culture farms and marketing in aquaculture.

UNIT - I1. Basics of Aquaculture: Definition, significance and classification; History of aquaculture;

Cultivable species – freshwater, brackish water and marine; A knowledge of inland water bodies suitable for culture in India.

2. Criteria for the selection of a species for culture. 3. Culture practices of fish and shrimp: Traditional, extensive, modified extensive, semi-intensive and intensive cultures.4. Concept of monoculture, polyculture and integrated fish farming.

Learning outcome:Students would acquire the knowledge and understanding of the

Significance, classification, history and cultivable species of aquaculture, and the inland water bodies suitable for culture in India

Criteria for the selection of species for culture Various practices followed for the culture of fish and shrimp, and Concepts of different types of culture.

UNIT-II1. Bundh breeding and Induced breeding of carp by hypophysation and use of synthetic hormones.2. Culture of Indian major carps – nursery, rearing and production ponds. 3. Culture of air-breathing fishes in India.4. Culture of giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Learning outcome:Students would be able to

conceptualize the induced breeding techniques of carp in bundhs and in hatcheries get acquainted with the management of nursery, rearing and production ponds. appreciate the culture of air-breathing fishes and freshwater prawn.

UNIT-III1. Culture of milk fish, Chanos chanos.2. Culture of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer.3. Culture of shrimp, Penaeus monodon. 4. Culture of crab, Scylla serrata.

Learning outcome:Students become familiar with the

Culture of brackishwater species such as milk fish, seas bass, shrimp and crab.

UNIT-IV1. Sewage-fed fish culture.2. Culture of ornamental fishes.3. Culture of pearl oysters.4. Culture of sea weeds: Major seaweed species of commercial importance; methods of culture.

Learning outcome:Students will be able to understand the

Feasibility of using sewage water for aquaculture Maintenance of aquaria and breeding of ornamental fishes Culture of marine organisms like pearl oysters and sea weeds.

REFERENCES BOOKS1. Bardach, JE et al. 1972. Aquaculture – The farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine

organisms, John Wiley & Sons, New York.2. Chakraborty C & Sadhu AK. 2000. Biology Hatchery and Culture Technology of Tiger Prawn and

Giant Freshwater Prawn. Daya Publ. House.3. FAO. 2007. Manual on Freshwater Prawn Farming.4. Huet J. 1986. A text Book of Fish Culture. Fishing News Books Ltd.5. ICAR. 2006. Hand Book of Fisheries and Aquaculture. ICAR.6. Jhingran V.G. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publ. Corporation, India.7. Landau M. 1992. Introduction to Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons. 8. Mcvey JP. 1983. Handbook of Mariculture. CRC Press.9. MPEDA: Handbooks on culture of carp, shrimp, etc.

10. New MB. 2000. Freshwater Prawn Farming. CRC Publ.11. Pillay TVR. 1990. Aquaculture- Principles and Practices, Fishing News Books Ltd., London.12. Pillay TVR & Kutty MN. 2005. Aquaculture- Principles and Practices. 2nd Ed. Blackwell13. Rath RK. 2000. Freshwater Aquaculture. Scientific Publ.14. Stickney RR. 1979. Principles of Warmwater Fish Culture, John Wiley & Sons.

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M.Sc. AQUACULTUREIV - SEMESTER

PAPER - XIV: FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGYCODE No. 4.2

Course Objectives:

To familiarize students with different aspects of biochemical functions of different bio-molecules.

To create basic understanding about toxins and toxic substances in fish. To impart knowledge on macro and trace constituents and nutritive value of fish.. To give a detailed insight into handling, fish preservation techniques and quality

management systems for seafood.

UNIT – I: Process Biochemistry1. Major and minor constituents of fish, their distribution and function - moisture, proteins,

lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.2. Post-mortem biochemical changes in fish- rigor mortis, autolysis, auto-oxidation and their

significance.3. Toxins and toxic substances in fish.

Learning outcome:Students will learn about

Macro and trace constituents and nutritive value of fish Biochemical functions of different bio-molecules Post-mortem biochemical changes in fish Toxins and toxic substances in fish

UNIT – II: Microbiology1. Biochemical and microbial spoilage of fish; factors affecting spoilage of fish.2. Role of bacteria and moulds in fish preservation - pathogenic organisms encountered in fish

products, faecal indicator organisms.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about various aspects of biochemical and microbial spoilage of fish

and role of bacteria and moulds in fish preservation

UNIT – III: Handling and Fish Preservation1. Handling, storage and transport of fresh fish, sanitary and phyto-sanitory requirements for

maintenance of quality.2. Principles of fish preservation; preservation of fish by curing, drying, salting and smoking;

chilling and freezing of fish; canning of fish and fish products. 3. Modern techniques employed in fish preservation: Accelerated Freeze Drying (AFD),

Irradiation. 4. Fishery by-products and waste utilization.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about methods of handling of fresh fish, fish preservation techniques

and various fishery by-products and waste utilization

UNIT – IV: Quality Management and Certification 1. HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) and Good Manufacturing Practices:

HACCP Principles, Practical aspects of planning and implementation, Verification, Validation and Audit.

2. National and International Standards - ISO 9000 Series, 2000 Series of Quality Assurance System, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Food Safety and Standards Act of India 2006.

Learning outcome: Students will learn about various quality management systems and certification

for fishery products

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Balachandran KK. 2001. Post-harvest Technology of Fish and Fish Products. Daya Publ. 2. Bond, et al. 1971. Fish Inspection and Quality Control. Fishing News Books, England. 3 Clucas IJ. 1981. Fish Handling, Preservation and Processing in the Tropics. Parts I, II. FAO.4. Gopakumar K. (Ed.). 2002. Text Book of Fish Processing Technology. ICAR.5. Govindan, TK. 1985. Fish Processing Technology, Oxford-IBH. 6. Hall GM. (Ed). 1992. Fish Processing Technology. Blackie. 7. Huss HH, Jakobsen M & Liston J. 1991. Quality Assurance in the Fish Industry. Elsevier. 8. John DEV. 1985. Food Safety and Toxicity. CRC Press.9. Krenzer R. 1971. Fish Inspection and Quality Control. Fishing News.10. Larousse J & Brown BE. 1997. Food Canning Technology. Wiley VCH. 11. Nambudiri DD. 2006. Technology of Fishery Products. Fishing Chimes. 12. Regenssein JM & Regenssein CE.1991. Introduction to Fish Technology.Van Nostrand Reinhold. 13. Rudolf K. 1969. Freezing and Irradiation of Fish. Fishing News (Books). 14. Sen DP. 2005. Advances in Fish Processing Technology. Allied Publ.

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PAPER – XV: AQUACULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY CODE No. AC 4.3

Course objectives: This course imparts knowledge and enlighten the students about the importance of various applications of biotechnology in aquaculture such as induced breeding techniques for obtaining pure and abundant seed of cultivable species, androgenesis, gynogenesis, sex reversal, production of transgenic fish, genetic selection and hybridization for stock improvement, gene banks and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, feed technology, algal technology, post harvest technology, nanotechnology, etc. Further technological inventions in health management of pond environment and fish/shrimp provide an extensive knowledge to the students for better management of culture ponds for getting profitable yields.

UNIT – I1. Biotechnology: Origin, definition and knowledge of different branches. 2. Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA technology; Tools of genetic engineering – cloning vectors, restriction endonucleases, DNA ligases, topoisomerases, methylases,

nucleases, polymerases, reverse transcriptase and their functions.3. Screening and analysis of recombinants: Colony hybridrization technique, immunological

tests. 4. Transgenics: Principles of Transgenic technology and its applications in fisheries.

Learning outcome: Students will be familiar with

Genetic engineering tools and their functions R-DNA Technology, and Screening and analysis of recombinants Transgenic technology and its applications in fisheries.

UNIT – II1. Fish breeding: Synthetic hormones for induced breeding – GnRH analogue structure and

function; Selective breeding for improving fish stocks - hybridization in Indian fishes.2. Androgenesis, Gynogenesis, Polyploidy and Sex reversal. 3. Hormonal regulation of reproduction and molting in important cultivable crustaceans.4. Gene bank and Conservation: Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos. Embryo transfer technology.

Learning outcome: Students will gain knowledge on

Induced breeding technique by hypophysation and by using synthetic hormones in fish Selective breeding techniques for fish stock improvement Cryopreservation and embryo transfer technology

UNIT – III1. Feed technology: Micro encapsulated feeds; micro coated feeds; micro particulate feeds and

bio-encapsulated feeds; mycotoxins and their effects on feeds.

2. Algal biotechnology: Biotechnological approaches for production of important microalgae; single cell protein from Spirulina; vitamins, minerals and omega3 fatty acids from micro algae; enrichment of micro algae with micronutrients.

3. Application of Nanotechnology in aquaculture; A general knowledge of tissue culture.

Learning outcome: Students will be known about

Feed technology for manufacturing different types of feeds Various aspects of algal biotechnology Role of nanotechnology in aquaculture

UNIT – IV1. Health management: DNA and RNA vaccines; molecular diagnosis of viral diseases;

Biofilms and its impact on health management; genetically modified microorganisms as probiotics, immunostimulants, bioremediation of soil and water.

2. Nitrogen fixation in aquatic environment and Biofertiizers.3. Post-harvest biotechnology: Delaying of spoilage; biosensors.

Learning outcome: Students get acquainted with

Application of health management techniques like vaccines, diagnosis of viral diseases, biofilms, GMOs, probiotics, immunostimulants, biofertilers and bioremediation of soil and water in aquaculture

Delaying of spoilage and biosensors as post-harvest biotechniques.

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Bhattacharya S. 1992. Hormones in Pisciculture. Biology Education,Vol. 9 No.1 pp.31- 41.2. CIFE. 1998. Summer School Manuals, Mumbai. i). Recent Developments in Biotechnology: Applications to Aquaculture & Fisheries. ii). Genetics and Biotechnolical Tools in Aquaculture and Fisheries. 3. Felix S. 2007. Molecular Diagnostic Biotechnology in Aquaculture. Daya Publ. House.4. ICAR. 1992. Biotechnology in Aquaculture. Training Manual. C.I.F.A, Kausalyaganga,

Bhubaneswar, Orissa.5. Lakra WS, Abidi SAH, Mukherjee SC & Ayyappan S. 2004. Fisheries Biotechnology. Narendra Publ. 6. Nagabhushanam R, Diwan AD, Zahurnec BJ & Sarojini R. 2004. Biotechnology of Aquatic Animals.

Science Publ.7. Nair PR. 2008. Biotechnology and Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture. Dominant Publ.8. Pandian TJ, Strüssmann CA & Marian MP. 2005. Fish Genetics and Aquaculture Biotechnology.

Science Publ.9. Ramesh RC. 2007. Microbial Biotechnology in Agriculture and Aquaculture. Vol. II. Science Publ. 10. Reddy PVGK, Ayyappan S, Thampy DM & Gopalakrishna 2005.Text Book of Fish Genetics and

Biotechnol.ICAR11. Singh B. 2006. Marine Biotechnology and Aquaculture Development. Daya Publ. House

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PAPER – XVI: FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY CODE No. AC 4.4

Course Objectives:

The course is designed to understand the aspects of immunology such as antigens, antibodies, major histocompatibility complex, complement system, cytokines, lymphoid organs, B- and T- lymphocytes, different cells of the immune system, innate and acquired immune systems in humans. The course is also aimed to study the immune mechanisms in fish and crustaceans, and to give an idea about different immunological techniques used in fish health management. UNIT – I

1. Immunology: History and Scope of Immunology. 2. Cells of the immune system: Origin of the cells - Stem cells; Lymphoid lineage –

T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, Null cells; Myeloid lineage – Monocytes, Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes; Accessory cells.

3. Antigens: Chemical nature of Antigens, Haptens, Epitopes, Paratopes; Binding forces of antigen-antibody interactions – Affinity, Avidity and Cross reactivity; Antigenicity and Immunogenicity.

4. Antibody molecules/ Immunoglobulins: Basic structure of the immunoglobulin molecule; Structure and function of human immunoglobulins - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD; Structure and functions of fish immunoglobulins – IgM, IgD and IgT/Z.

5. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): Structure of MHC molecules, Antigen processing and presentation by MHC molecules.


Significance of Immunology, and Cells of the immune system Chemical nature of antigen and antigen-antibody interactions Structure and functions of immunoglobulins in humans and fish Structure and function of MHC molecules

UNIT–II1. Complement System: Classical and Alternative Pathways; Biological functions of

complement. 2. Cytokines: Interleukins (ILs), Interferons (INFs), Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs), Colony

Stimulating Factors (CSFs) and Chemokines.3. Lymphoid Organs: Primary lymphoid organs in humans – Thymus, Bone marrow;

Secondary lymphoid organs in humans – Spleen, Lymphnodes, Mucosa Associated Lympoid Tissue (MALT), Gut Associated Lympoid Tissue (GALT).Lymphoid organs in fish – Thymus, Kidney, Spleen and MALT.

4. B- and T- lymphocytes: Differentiation of B and T cells; B and T cell receptors; Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs); Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) – Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), C-type Lectin Receptors (CLRs), RIG-Like Receptors (RLRs) and NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs).

Learning outcome:Students will have an understanding about the

Pathways and biological functions of complement system, and different types of cytokines

Structure and functions of lymphoid organs in humans and fish Differentiation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes, and their receptors

UNIT – III1. Innate Immunity in Humans: Phagocytosis-intracellular killing, Humoral and Cellular

components. 2. Acquired Immunity in Humans: Humoral immunity, Cell-mediated immunity; Primary and

Secondary immune response, Memory function; Active and Passive immunity, Types of Vaccines.

3. Fish Immunology: Innate and Adaptive immune mechanisms in fish.4. Crustacean Immunology: Pattern Recognition – Lectins; Haemocytes and Haematopoiesis;

Immune mechanisms – Antiviral reaction, Clotting, Synthesis of Antimicrobial Proteins and Melanisation.

Learning outcome:Students will be able to know about the

Mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity Immune mechanisms of fish and crustaceans

UNIT – IV 1. Immunodiffusion: Simple diffusion, Radial immunodiffusion and Double immunodiffusion.2. Immunoelectrophoresis: Counter and Rocket immunoelectrophoresis.3. Radioimmunoassay (RIA): Competitive R.I.A, and Excess Reagent R.I.A. 4. Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). 5. Hybridoma Technology – Production of monoclonal antibodies.

Learning outcome:Students will study about the

Concept of antigen-antibody binding through the experiments - immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, radioimmunoassay and ELISA

Concept of production of monoclonal antibodies through hybridoma technology

REFERENCE BOOKS1. Goldsby AR, Kindt TJ and Osborne BA. 2000. KUBY Immunology, W.H. Freeman and Company,

New York. 2. Ivon M. Roitt. 2001. Essential Immunology, Blackwell Science Ltd, Mishawaka, IN, USA. 3. Iwama G & Nakanishi T. 1996. The Fish Immune System. Organism, Pathogen and Environment.

Acad. Press. 4. Joshi KR and Osamo NO. 1994. Immunology, Agro Botanical Publishers, India. 5. Manning MJ and Tatner MF. 1985. Fish Immunology, Academic Press, London, UK.6. Nandini Shetty. 2008. Immunology Introductory Text, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Age International

Publishers, New Delhi. 7. Swain P, Sahoo PK & Ayyappan S. 2005. Fish and Shellfish Immunology: An Introduction. Narendra

Publications.

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PRACTICAL - VII: AQUACULTURE AND FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY CODE No. ACP 7

Practices of Aquaculture

1. Identification of important cultivable species of fin fish and shell fish.2. Common unwanted (weed and predatory) fishes in culture ponds – identification and their impact in aquaculture.3. Dissection of pituitary gland and preparation of pituitary extract. Method of dosage preparation and injection of pituitary extract for induced breeding of fish.4. Collection, preservation and identification of common phytoplanktonic organisms in ponds.5. Collection, preservation and identification of common zooplanktonic organisms in ponds – Rotifers, Cladocerans and Copepods.6. Identification of aquatic insects and molluscs in ponds.7. Common floating, emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation in ponds.

Fish Processing Technology1. Evaluation of fish/ fishery products for organoleptic, chemical and microbial quality. 2. Spoilage microorganisms: isolation of pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and fishery

products.3. Design and maintenance of fish processing plants.

M.Sc. AQUACULTUREIV - SEMESTER

PRACTICAL – VIII: AQUACULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGYCODE No. ACP 8

Biotechnology1. Isolation of DNA from blood sample.2. Isolation of DNA from saliva. 3. Cloning vectors – diagrams, properties and functions. 4. Transgenic animals – photographs.

Immunology1. Haemagglutination – detection of blood group antigens.2. Immunodiffusion – detection of antigen-antibody reaction.3. Estimation of total RBC count.4. Estimation of total WBC count.5. Estimation of differential leucocytes count (DLC). 6. ELISA test – qualitative determination of antigens or antibodies.

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