M. TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER III

S. No.

Subject code

Subject Credits Periods Evaluation Scheme Subject Total

Theory L T P CT TA Total ESE

1 MTBT 301

Bioinformatics Genomics & Proteomics

4 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

2 MTBT 302

*Elective I 4 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

3 MTBT 303

**Elective II 4 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

4 MTBT 304

Bioinformatics and Tissue Culture Lab

4 0 0 6 30 20 50 100 150

5 MTBT 305

Seminar 4 150 150

Total

20

9

3

6

120

80

200

550

750

*Elective I

MTBT 302A: Immunotechnology

MTBT 302B: Animal Biotechnology

MTBT 302C: Programming Languages: Java & Perl

MTBT 302D: IPR, Bioethics & Environmental Biotechnology

MTBT 302E: Medical Biotechnology

MTBT 302F: Bioreactor Engineering

MTBT 302G: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

MTBT 302H: Biosensor Design and Applications

**Elective II

MTBT 303A: Secondary Metabolism in Plants & Microbes

MTBT 303B: Biostatistics & Biomathematics

MTBT 303C: Food Technology

MTBT 303D: Plant Cell Technology

MTBT 303E: NanoBiotechnology

MTBT 303F: Research and Research Methodology in Biotechnology

MTBT 303G: Bio-Business

MTBT 303H: Environmental Biotechnology and Biowaste Management

M. TECH.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER – III

BIOINFORMATICS, GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS

MTBT 301

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Database Similarity Searches: BLAST, FASTA, PSI-BLAST algorithms; Pair wise sequence alignment: NEEDLEMAN and Wunsch; Smith Waterman algorithms; Multiple sequence alignments: CLUSTAL, PRAS; Patterns, motifs and Profiles in sequences: Derivation and searching; Derived Databases of patterns; Motifs and profiles: Parasite, Blocks, Prints-S, Pam, etc.

Unit II [8]

DNA sequencing: Sanger’s, Maxam Gilbert; Large scale genome sequencing strategies: Shot gun sequencing, Clone contig approach, Chromosome walking; Genome assembly and annotation; Brief overview of Human Genome Project (HGP) and Rice Genome Project; Introduction to nucleic acid sequence data banks, Genbank; EMBL nucleotide sequence data bank; Gene networks; Basic principles of DNA microarray; Expressed sequence tags (EST); Subtractive hybridization.

Unit III [8]

Structural genomics (SG): Basic principles, approaches for target selection.

Functional genomics: application of sequence based and structure-based

approaches to assignment of gene functions, e.g. sequence comparison, structure

analysis (especially active sites, binding sites) and comparison, pattern

identification, etc.; Use of various derived databases in function assignment.

Unit IV [8]

Proteomics: an introduction; Study of transcriptome and proteome; Protein-protein interactions: databases such as DIP, PPI server and tools for analysis of protein protein interactions. Protein arrays: basic principles; bioinformatics-based

tools for analysis of proteomics data (Tools available at ExPASy Proteomics server); databases (such as InterPro) and analysis tools; Introduction to Protein Sequence Data Banks: Protein sequence data banks: NBRF-PIR, SWISSPROT; Signal peptide data bank.

Unit V [8]

Drug Designing, identification of disease genes, OMIM database, reference genome sequence, integrated genomic maps, gene expression profiling; identification of SNPs, SNPs databases (DbSNP); Metabolic pathways: databases such as KEGG, EMP; Primer Designing; Homology Modeling; Promoter and regulatory regions scanning; Splice site Prediction; Phylogenetic analysis; Determination of Secondary & Tertiary of proteins.

Books Suggested:

1. O’Reilly, “Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills”.

2. Griffiths JF, “An Introduction to Generic Analysis”.

3. Hunter L, “Artificial Intelligence & Molecular Biology”.

4. Baxevanis AD, “Bioinformatics: A practical Guide to the analysis of genes and

proteins”.

5. Stephen A., David K, Womble D, “Introduction to Bioinformatics: A

Theoretical and Practical Approach”.

6. Brown TA, “Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis”.

ELECTIVES I

IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 302A

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Drugs: Antimetabolites, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents; Cytokines:

Cytokines regulating immune inflammation: interleukin-4, interleukin-20,

interleukin-12; The interferons:Basic biology and therapeutic potential

Unit II [8]

Antibodies and antibody based therapy: Production of Polyclonal antibodies

with different types of antigens : antigen preparation and modification,

adjuvant, dose and route of antigen administration, collection of sera,

purification of antibodies; Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor, targeting the IL2

receptor with antibodies or chimeric toxins, monoclonal antibodies to CD3

Unit III [8]

Hybridoma techniques and monoclonal antibody production - myeloma cell

lines - fusion of myeloma cells with antibody producing B-cells-fusion methods

- selection and screening methods for positive hybrids - cloning methods -

production, purification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies.

Application of monoclonals in biomedical research, in clinical diagnosis and

treatment; Production of human monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

Unit IV [8]

Immunotherapy for allergic diseases: Specific and nonspecific immunotherapy

for Asthma and allergic diseases, insect stings etc.; Cellular therapy, Drug

therapy in HIV: Tumor Immunology, AIDS and other Immunodeficiencies;

Vaccine and peptide therapy, newer methods of vaccine preparation, sub-unit

vaccines, immuno-diagnosis of infectious diseases

Unit V [8]

Transplantation: Renal, pancreas, cardiac, lung, liver, xenotransplantation.

Immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases.

Books Suggested:

1. Roitt IM, "Essential Immunology", Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford,

London.

2. Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK, "Immunology", Glower Medical Publishing,

London.

3. "Immunology Today".

4. “Current topics in Microbiology & Immunology”.

5. Coleman, R.M, “Fundamental Immunology”. 6. Richard A, Goldsby TJ, Kuby KJ, Osborne BA, “Immunology”. 7. Parkham P, Parham P, “The Immune System”. 8. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Abbas AK, Pober JS, “Cellular & Molecular

Immunology”. 9. Janeway CA., Paul T, Mark W, Mark S, “Immunobiology” 10. Austen K Frank, Burakoff SJ, Rosen Fred, Strom Terry B “Therapeutic

Immunology”, Blackwell Science.

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 302B

(Revised)

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Animal Biotechnology and its scope, Principles of sterile techniques and cell

propagation, Cell culture media: Physicochemical Properties, Balanced Salt Solutions

Chemically defined and Serum free media. Disadvantages of Serum, Advantages of

Serum-Free media. Culture Environment, Cell Adhesion, Cell Proliferation,

Differentiation. Types of culture system: monolayer culture, Roller bottle, fermenter

system, Suspension culture, static suspension culture agar culture and agitated micro

carrier suspension culture, hollow fiber systems, Scaling up factors. Strategies of

medium optimization, Organotypic cultures, Animal Tissue Engineering, Bioartificial

Organs of the Future and Pharmacogenomics.

Unit II [8]

Primary Culture: Isolation of Tissue, isolation of cells from explants by enzymatic

disagregation, mechanical disagregation, EDTA treatment. Steps involved in primary

cell culture, organ culture. Nomenclature, Immortalization of cell lines, Cell line

designations, Routine maintenance. Permanent cell lines: cell line characterization:

Need for characterization, Morphology, Chromosome Analysis, DNA Content, RNA

and Protein, Enzyme Activity, Antigenic Markers, Transformation, Immortalization,

Aberrant Growth Control, Tumorigenicity, Cell counting, Rates of Synthesis, Cell

Proliferation, Plating Efficiency, Labeling Index, Generation Time. Measurement of

cell growth and viability, cell synchronization, cell transformation, maintenance of cell

culture through sub-culturing and cloning, cryo-preservation, application of cell

cultures.Types of microbial contamination and Tests for detection of microbial

contamination: Source of contamination, Monitoring, Eradication of Contamination,

Cross-Contamination.

Unit III [8]

Mammalian cell lines: Mammalian cell expression system, gene transfer techniques in

Mammalian cells, Marker assisted selection,Genetic disorders, Application of Animal

cell lines, Stem cell culture: principles for identification, purifications, assessment of

proliferation heterogeneity, long-term maintenance and characterization, Embryonic

and adult stem cells and their applications. Genetically modified stem cells in gene

therapy, Markers for stem cell identification, characterization of differentiated cell

types, Applications of stem cells. Live vaccines, killed vaccines, Subunit vaccines,

Recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines. T cell cloning, Application of T cell cloning in

vaccine development.

Unit IV [8]

Transgenic Animals: Animal virus vectors; Shuttle vectors. Cloning in mammalian

cells, Integration of DNA into mammalian genome, Methods of transformation:

(Microinjection, Electroporation, Microprojectile bombardment, Liposomal

packaging), case study on mice, Transgenic fish; Animal as bioreactors, problems after

developing transgenic animals. Applications of transgenic animals.

Oocyte culture: Artificial fertilization by means of micro insemination, PZD, ICSI,

SUZI, MESA, Super ovulation; Embryo Transfer, In vitro-fertilization; Pregnancy

diagnosis; Sexing of embryos; Embryo splitting; -Cryopreservation of embryo,

somatic cell nuclear transfer. Overview-livestock breed and their productivity, artificial

breeding-methods and hazards, Gene banking, conservation and exchange in India.

Unit V [8]

Gene Therapy: Ex-vivo gene therapy, In vivo gene therapy, Viral gene delivery system,

Retrovirus vector system, Adenovirus vector system, Adeno-Associated virus vector

system, Non-viral gene delivery system, Prodrug activation therapy, Nucleic acid

therapeutic agents. Protein production by genetically engineered mammalian cell lines,

Manipulation of Growth hormone: somatotropic hormone, Thyroid horomone;

Probiotics as growth promoters, Ideal characteristics probiotics, uses of probiotics.

Books Suggested:

1. Brown TA “Gene cloning: An introduction”

2. Old & Primrose “Principles of Gene Manipulation”

3. Debra Davis “Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns”

4. Anthony Atala, Robert P. Lanza “Methods of Tissue Engineering”

5. Nigel Jenkins “Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols”

6. Carl Pinkert “Transgenic Animal Technology: A Laboratory

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: JAVA and Perl

MTBT 302C

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

JAVA: An introduction to JAVA programming, Object-oriented programming

and JAVA. JAVA Basics. Working with objects, Arrays, Conditionals and

Loops. Creating Classes and Applications in JAVA. More about methods,

JAVA Applets Basics, Graphics, Fonts and Color, Simple Animation and

Threads

Unit II [8]

Advanced Animation, Images and Sound. Managing Simple Events and

Interactivity. Creating User Interfaces with AWT. Windows, Networking and

other Tidbits. Modifiers, Access Control and Class Design. Packages and

Interfaces. Exception. Multithreading. Streams and I/O. Using Native Methods

and Libraries. Under the Hood. Java Programming Tools. Working with Data

Structures and Java. Image Filters.

Unit III [8]

Perl: Introduction: What is PERL? Why use PERL in Bioinformatics? History

of PERL, Availability, Support, Basic Concepts. Scalar Data: What Is Scalar

Data?, Numbers, Strings, Scalar Operators, Scalar Variables, Scalar Operators

and Functions. Arrays and List Data: What Is a List or Array? Literal

Representation, Variables, Array Operators and Functions, Scalar and List

Context; Control Structures: Statement Blocks. Hashes: What Is a Hash? Hash

Variables, Literal Representation of a Hash, Hash Functions, Hash Slices; Basic

I/O. Regular Expressions: Concepts About Regular Expressions, Simple Uses

of Regular Expressions, Patterns, More on the Matching Operator,

Substitutions, The split and join Functions. Subroutines: System and User

Functions, The local Operator, Variable-length Parameter Lists, Notes on

Lexical Variables.

Unit IV [8]

Miscellaneous Control Structures: Filehandles and File Tests: What Is a

Filehandle? Opening and Closing a Filehandle, Using Pathnames and

Filenames, A Slight Diversion: die, Using Filehandles, The -x File Tests, The

stat Function. Formats: What Is a Format? Defining a Format, Invoking a

Format. Directory Access: Moving Around the Directory Tree, Globbing,

Directory Handles, Opening and Closing a Directory Handle, Reading a

Directory Handle. File and Directory Manipulation. Process Management:

Using system and exec, Using Backquotes. Other Data Transformation:

Finding a Substring, Extracting and Replacing a Substring. Formatting Data:

Sorting, Transliteration System Information: Getting User and Machine

Information, Packing and Unpacking Binary Data, Getting Network

Information.

Unit V [8]

Database Manipulation: DBM Databases and DBM Hashes, Opening and

Closing DBM Hashes, Fixed-Length Random-Access Databases, Variable-

Length (Text) Databases, Win32 Database Interfaces. CGI Programming: The

CGI.pm Module, Your CGI Program in Context, Simplest CGI Program,

Passing Parameters via CGI, Perl and the Web. Object oriented perl:

Introduction to modules, Creating Objects BIOPERL: Introduction,

Installation procedures, Architecture, Uses of bioperl.

Books Suggested:

1. James Tisdall; Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics (O’Reilly & Associates, 2001) 2. James Tisdall; Matering Perl for Bioinformatics (O’Reilly & Associates, 2003) 3. Rex A. Dawyer; Genomic Perl (Cambridge University Press).

IPR, BIOETHICS & ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 302D

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

IPR & Bioethics: Why IPR is necessary, Various forms of IPR, TRIPS and IPR,

IPR- National and International scenario, Issues related to IPR protection of

software and database, IPR protection of life forms; Necessity of bioethics,

Origin and Evolution of ethics into bioethics, Different paradigms of bioethics-

National and International

Unit II [8]

Microbiological quality of food and water, Treatment of municipal waste;

Degradation of pesticides and other toxic chemicals by micro-organisms;

Thuringiensis toxin as a natural pesticide; Biological control of other insects

swarming the agricultural fields; Enrichment of ores by micro-organisms;

Biofertilizers, Nitrogen fixing micro-organisms enrich the soil with assimilable

nitrogen.

Unit III [8]

Solid wastes-Sources, nature and characteristics, Quantities and qualities, Rates

of generation and factors affecting them, Potential of diseases, nuisances and

other problems due to solid wastes, Changing nature of solid wastes and its

impact on solid waste management, Solid wastes management- Generation, on-

site storage, collection, separation, processing and disposal On-site storage

methods-containers, their type, size and location, Collection systems-Vehicles,

routing, route balancing and transfer stations, Processing methods, recovery

and reuse of materials and energy, Disposal methods such as sanitary landfill

biological digestion etc.; Industrial and Hazardous solid waste management,

Urban solid waste management and its modeling.

Unit IV [8]

Bioleaching; Bioremediation; Biodegradable plastics; Biofuels / Biodiesel;

Vermitechnology.

Unit V [8]

Pollution of air, water and soil and its control; Radiation hazards.

Books Suggested:

1. "Waste water Engineering Treatment and Disposal and Reuse" by Metcalf &

Eddy.

2. "Water Pollution Management Hand Book" by Lepathak.

3. "Waste Water Management" by Arceivala.

4. "Environmental Biotechnology" by C. F. Forster and D. A. J. Wase.

5. "New Processes of Waste water treatment and recovery" by G. Mattock (ED)

Ellis Horwood.

6. "Biochemical Engineering fundamentals" 2nd ed. by J E Bailey and D F Ollis ,

McGraw - Hill

7. "Environmental Biotechnology" by Jogdand.

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 302E

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Clinical conditions and diagnosis; Clinical conditions of various syndromes

associated with major organs - General, systemic and specific syndromes.

Diagnosis of diseases Clinical diagnosis - pattern of disease, indication of

disease for microbial etiology Laboratory diagnosis - haematology,

biochemistry, microbiology, serology, radiology and other special methods.

Microbial spoilage and preservation of pharmaceutical products. Spoilage -

types - physical, chemical, nutritional factors and assessment of spoilage -

Preservation - physical, chemical and antimicrobial means - Evaluation of

microbial stability of formulations.

Unit II [8]

Prevention and treatment of human diseases Avoiding exposure to pathogen Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents - drug resistance and antibiotic policy Using body’s immune responses Alternative systems - Chinese, European and Indian (Siddha, Ayurveda, Naturopathy, etc.) Epidemiology and control of community infection Definitions – principles – spread - outbreaks of infection – analysis - investigation and control of outbreak. Nosocomial infection Factors that influence hospital infection, hospital pathogens, route of transmission, investigation, prevention and control.

Unit III [8]

Pathogen, pathogenesis, clinical condition, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology,

chemotherapy and prevention of the following diseases based on various

portals of entry Via respiratory tract Viral - common cold, influenza, measles,

mumps, chicken pox, infectious mononucleosis Bacterial - pneumonia,

bronchitis, rheumatic fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis,

meningitis Fungal-histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis. Via

gastrointestinal tract Viral - gastroenteritis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis Bacterial -

botulism, food poisoning, gastro - enterocolitis, typhoid, cholera, appendicitis

Fungal - food poisoning Algal - food poisoning Protozoan - Amoebic

dysentery, giardiasis Via urinogenital tract Viral – AIDS Bacterial - urinary tract

infection, female genital tract infection Sexually transmitted diseases -

gonorrhea, syphilis, non-gonococcal urethritis, genital warts, genital herpes,

AIDS.

Unit IV [8]

Gene therapy; Chemotherapy and radiotherapy of tumors; Stem cell therapy:

Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: Classification and manifestations

Hemopoietic Stem Cell Disorders: A plastic Hemopoietic Stem Cell

Disorders: Myleo dysplastic, Myleo proliplastic; Clinical applications of Colony

Stems; Clinical uses of ribozymes; Vaccination; Complications of Germs

therapy Replacement Therapy and Marrow Transplantation. Immunological

principles, Preservation and Clinical use of blood and blood components,

hemapheresis procedures and varies to oxyplantation.

Unit V [8]

Electrical impedence cephalography; Biotelemetry; Biosignal analyzer, CT scan

and Magnetic Resonance Imaging assisting the heart and kidney; EEB; ECG;

Biosystem modeling; Ultrasonography in diagnosis.

Books Suggested:

1. Chaechter M. Medoff G. and Eisenstein BC. Mechanism of Microbial Diseases,

Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

2. Collee, JG. Duguid J P., Fraser AG., Marimon BP. Mackie and Mc Cartney

Practical Medical Microbiology, 13th Edition. Churchill Livingstone.

3. David Greenwood, Richard CD, Slack, John Forrest Peutherer. Medical

Microbiology. ELBS with Churchill Livingstone.

4. Hugo WB and Russell AD. Pharmaceutical Microbiology Blackwell Scientific

Publication, Oxford.

5. Joan Stokes E, Ridgway GL and Wren MWD. Clinical Microbiology. Edward

Arnold. A division of Hodder and Stoughton.

6. Ronald M. Atlas. Microbiology. Fundamentals and Applications. Maxwell

Macmillan international editions

7. Topley & Wilsons, Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity,

Bacterial Diseases, Edward Arnold, London.

BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING

MTBT 302F

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I [8]

Introduction; General design information; Design considerations for

maintaining sterility of process streams and process equipments; piping and

instrumentation; materials of construction for bioprocess plants. Flow injection

analysis for measurement of substrates, product and other metabolites; State

and parameter estimation techniques for biochemical processes.

UNIT II [8]

On-line data analysis for measurement of important physico-chemical and

biochemical parameters; microbial calorimetry. State and parameter estimation

techniques for biochemical processes. Case studies on application of FIA and

microbial calorimetry.

UNIT III [8]

Recombinant cell culture processes, guidelines for choosing host-vector

systems, plasmid stability in recombinant cell culture, limits to over expression,

Modelling of recombinant bacterial cultures; Bioreactor strategies for

maximising product formation. Bioprocess design considerations for plant and

animal cell cultures. Analysis of multiple interacting microbial populations –

competition: survival of the fittest, predation and parasitism: Lotka Volterra

model.

UNIT IV [8]

Facility design aspects; Utility supply aspects; Equipment cleaning aspects;

Culture cell banks; cGMP guidelines; Validation; Safety.

UNIT V [8]

Process economics; Case studies.

Books Suggested:

1. Moser, Anton, Bioprocess Technology: Kinetics and Reactors, Springer Verlag,

1988.

2. Bailey J.E. & Ollis, D.F. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd ed., McGraw

Hill, 1986

3. Lee, James M. Biochemical Engineering, PHI, USA.

4. Atkinson, Handbook of Bioreactors, Blanch, H.W. Clark, D.S. Biochemical

Engineering, Marcel Decker, 1999.

5.Max S. Peters and Klaus, D. Timmerhaus, Plant Design and Economics for

Chemical Engineers, 4th Edition, McGrawHill Book Co., 1991.

6. M. V. Joshi and V.V.Mahajani, Process Equipment Design, 3rd Edition, Macmillan

India Ltd., 2000.

7. Michael R. Ladisch, Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice and

Economics.

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 302G

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I [8]

INTRODUCTION: Pharmaceutical industry & development of drugs ; types

of therapeutic agents and their uses; economics and regulatory aspects .

UNIT II [8]

DRUG ACTION, METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS:

Mechanism of drug action; physico-chemical principles of drug

metabolism;radioactivity; pharmacokinetics.

UNIT III [8]

CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS: Chemotherapy for bacterial, fungal, viral

infections, drugs acting on protozoal infection,malarial infection and helminth

parasites. Cancer chemotherapy, Drug interactions.

UNIT IV [8]

PRINCIPLES OF DRUG MANUFACTURE: Compressed tablets; dry and

wet granulation; slugging or direct compression; tablet presses; coating of

tablets; capsule preparation; oral liquids – vegetable drugs – topical

applications; preservation of drugs; analytical methods and other tests used in

drug manufacture; packaging techniques; quality management; GMP.

UNIT V [8]

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS: Various categories of therapeutics like vitamins,

laxatives, analgesics, contraceptives,hormones and biologicals.

Books Suggested:

1. Gareth Thomas. Medicinal Chemistry. An introduction. John Wiley. 2000.

2. Katzung B.G. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Prentice Hall of Intl. 1995

BIOSENSORS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS

MTBT 302 H

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I [8]

Overview of biosensors, History, concepts and applications.

Bioinstrumentation and bio-electronic devices, Fundamental elements of

biosensor devices and designs. Molecular recognition: Enzymes, Antibodies

and DNA. Modification of bio-recognition molecules for selectivity and

sensitivity. Kinetics and thermodynamics of bio-recognition reactions.

Applications of Biosensor-based instruments to the bioprocess industry. Target

analysis, various recognition, signals, and device types.

UNIT II [8]

Considerations, calibration, dynamic Range, signal to noise, sensitivity,

selectivity, interference. Fundamentals of surfaces and interfaces,

Electrochemistry for biosensors, Principles of potentiometry and

potentiometric biosensors; amperometry and amperometric biosensors;

Voltammetry: principles and techniques; Bio-electrochemistry and direct

biosensors, Electrical and Electrochemical Impedance: Principles and

Applications. Conductimetric and Impedimetric Biosensors.

UNIT III [8]

Enzyme sensors, affinity sensors: antibodies, oligo-nucleotides, measuring

binding in affinity sensors, SPR, quartz crystal microbalance, FRET, Membrane

protein sensors: ion channels, receptors, whole cell sensors – bacteria, yeast,

mammalian cells, non-biological and bio-mimicry:molecularly imprinted

polymers, non-biological organic molecules, electro-chemiluminescence, pH

sensors, artificial receptors.

UNIT IV [8]

Immobilization: adsorption, encapsulation - (hydro-gel, sol-gel glass, etc.),

covalent attachment, diffusion issues Optical Biosensor, Microlithography for

biosensors, FETS and Bio-FETS, MEMS and Bio-MEMS. Lab-on-a-chip: TAS

and m-TAS devices, Sensors based on Fiber Optic, Surface Plasmon

Resonance (SPR) biosensors.

UNIT V [8]

Applications of biosensors in Agriculture, food safety, food processing: state of

the field, market potential, unique design criteria and needs. Biomedical

sensors: Microfabricated Sensors and the Commercial Development Of the i-

Stat Point-Of-Care system, Noninvasive Biosensors in Clinical Analysis.

Applications of Biosensor-based instruments; Blood chemistry sensors, sensors

for Genetic testing, Physical sensors. Applications of biosensors in Bio-

security, environmental : state of the field, market potential, unique design

criteria and needs, current sensors in use.

Books Suggested:

1. L.Canter “Environment Impact Assessment”, McGraw Hill.

2. E.P.Odum “Fundamentals of Ecology “V.B.Saunders and Co. 1974.

ELECTIVES II

SECONDARY METABOLISM IN PLANTS AND MICROBES

MTBT 303A

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Introduction to primary & secondary metabolism: structure, biosynthesis and

metabolism of important secondary products; Glycosides, isoprenoids,

cardenolides, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids and antibiotics.

Unit II [8]

Important groups of secondary metabolic enzymes; Significance of secondary

metabolism and products for the producer organism.

Unit III [8]

Regulation and expression of secondary metabolism; regulation of enzyme

activity; regulation of enzyme amount; integration with differentiation and

development; action of inducers; coordinated enzyme expression and

sequential gene expression.

Unit IV [8]

Metabolic products produced by in vitro culturing of plant cells, selection of

plant cells/tissues for the production of a specific product, Culture system in

secondary plant product biosynthesis-batch continuous cultures and

immobilized plant cells, Biotransformation of precursors by cell culturing.

Unit V [8]

Metabolic pathway engineering for production of secondary metabolites.

Books Suggested:

1. Slater A, Scott NW, Fowler MR “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic

Manipulation of Plants”.

2. Mantell SH, Matthews JA, McKee RA, “Principles of Plant Biotechnology: An

Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Plants”.

3. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An Introduction”.

4. Old, Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”.

5. Buchanan, “Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology”.

BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOMATHEMATICS

MTBT 303B

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Determinants; Evaluations of 3 x 3 determinants; Matrices; Types of matrices;

Inversion of a matrix; Orthogonal matrix; Solution of simultaneous equations;

biomatrix methods.

Unit II [8]

Probability; Definition; Probability of an event, Probability of independent and

dependent events, conditional probability, Baye’s theorem.

Unit III [8]

Probability distribution, random variable, discrete probability distributions-

Binomial, Poisson and Gaussian probability distribution and their application in

biology.

Unit IV [8]

Non-parametric test, hypothesis testing, Z-test, student’s t-test, chi square test,

F-test for equality of population variance.

Unit V [8]

Correlation analysis: Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Spearman’s rank

correlation, regression analysis, multiple regression for biotechnological data,

analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Books Suggested:

1. D. Freedman, R.Pisani, R.Purves, J.M.Lachin, “Biostatistical method: the assessment of relative risks”

2. P.S.S. Sunder Rao and J.Richard, “An introduction to Bilstatistics”, Prentice Hall of India, N.Delhi

3. Pillai & Bagavathi, “Statistics-theory and practice”, S. Chand 4. H.K. Dass, “Engineering Mathematics”, S.Chand 5. H.C. Saxena, “Text book of Numerical Analysis”, S.Chand. 6. Martin Bland “An introduction to Medical Statistics”, Oxford Medical Publ. 7. Alastair C, Wardlaw, “Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists”, John

Wiley.

FOOD TECHNOLOGY

MTBT 303C

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Food as substrate for Microorganisms; General principles underlying spoilage

of foods and different methods of preservation of foods, Microbial food

poisoning and infection; investigation of foodborne outbreaks, prevention and

control.

Unit II [8]

Microbiology and spoilage of meat and meat products, fish and poultry, fruits

and vegetables, sugar and sugar products, canned foods, process of canning of

foods.

Unit III [8]

Milk and milk products: Clean milk production, collection, cooling and

transportation of milk, Therapeutic value and nutritive value of fermented milk

products; Spoilage of milk and milk products; Milkborne diseases; antimicrobial

systems in milk; sources of contamination of milk; Chemical and

microbiological examination of milk; grading of milk; Starter lactic cultures;

management and preparation of starter cultures; starter defects.

Unit IV [8]

Microbial flavors in Dairy and Food industry; Food adulteration and

contamination of food with harmful microorganisms; food laws and standards;

Indian and International food safety laws and standards; Quality and safety

assurance in food and dairy industry; food and dairy arithmetic; standardization

of products and costing; BIS Laboratory Services; BIS product certification and

licensing quality systems; Certification by BIS.

Unit V [8]

Determining Microorganisms and their Products in Foods: Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods, Conventional; SPC, Membrane Filters, Microscope colony Counts, Agar Droplets, Dry Films, Most probable Numbers (MPN), Dye-reduction, Roll Tubes, Direct, Microscopic Count (DMC), Microbiological Examination of surfaces, Air Sampling, Metabolically Injured Organisms

Books Suggested:

1. Food Science. Fifth ed.Norman, Potter, CBS Publ.

2. Technology of Food preservation. Norman potter, CBS.

3. Milk and Milk Products, Clarence Henry Eckles TMH Publ.

4. Food Microbiology – Frazier

5. Food Microbiology – J.De and De

6 Food processing :Biotechnological Applications, S.S. Marwaha and Arora, Asitech Publ.

7. Outlines of Dairy Technology – Sukumar De

8. Adams MR and Moss MO, Food Microbiology, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.

9. Andrews AT, Varley J, Biochemistry of milk products, Royal Society of Chemistry.

10. Banwart GJ, Basic food microbiology, Chapman & Hall, New York.

11. Frazier WC and Westhoff DC. Food microbiology, TATA McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.

12. Hobbs BC and Roberts D, Food poisoning and food hygiene, Edward Arnold (A division of Hodder and Stoughton), London.

13. May JM, Modern food microbiology, CBS Publishers and distributors, New Delhi.

14. Robinson RK, The microbiology of milk. Elsevier Applied Science, London.

15. Robinson RK, Dairy Microbiology, Elsevier Applied Science, London.

PLANT CELL TECHNOLOGY MTBT 303D

(Revised) L T P 3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Different types of culture media; Nutritional

components of culture media; Regulation of cell differentiation; Types of culture:

callus, suspension, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, micropropagation.

Unit II [8]

Isolation, purification and culture of protoplasts; Protoplast fusion and somatic

hybridization; Selection systems for somatic hybrids / cybrids; Production of haploid

plants: anther, pollen culture and ovule culture; Polyploidy; Storage of plant genetic

resources; Induction of mutation; Somaclonal variation; Production of disease free

plants (meristem culture).

Unit III [8]

Production of secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures; batch and continuous

cultures. Biotransformation using plant cell cultures; Bioreactor system and models

for mass cultivation of plant cells, hairy root culture.

Unit IV [8]

Genetic transformation methods for production of transgenic plants: Microprojectile

bombardment, microinjection and electroporation. Detailed mechanism of

Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation; Applications of transgenic plants;

Reporter genes; Selectable markers. Genetic engineering-Safety, social, moral and

ethical considerations.

Unit V [8]

Molecular Markers: RFLP maps, RAPD maps, STS, microsatellites, SCAR (sequence

characterized amplified regions), SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism),

AFLP, ESTs, QTL, map based cloning, molecular marker assisted selection.

Books Suggested:

1. Chawla HS, “Plant Biotechnology: A Practical Approach”.

2. Slater A, Scott NW, Fowler MR “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation

of Plants”.

3. Dixon RA, Gonzales RA, “Plant Cell Culture: A Practical Approach”.

4. Mantell SH, Matthews JA, McKee RA, “Principles of Plant Biotechnology: An

Introduction to Genetic Engineering in Plants”.

5. Stafford A, Warren G, “Plant Cell and Tissue Culture (Biotechnology Series)”.

6. Brown TA, “Gene cloning: An Introduction”.

7. Old, Primrose, “Principles of Gene Manipulation”.

8. Bhojwani SS, Razdan, “Plant Tissue Culture”.

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 303E

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I [8]

NANOSCALES: What is meant by Nanoscale – Nanoscale Processes –

Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials in the Nanoscales - Nanoscale

Measurements.

UNIT II [8]

PROPERTIES AND MEASUREMENTS OF NANOMATERIALS: Optical

Prperties – Absorption and Fluroscence – Microscopy measurements – SEM –

TEM - AFM and STM. Confocal and TIRF Imaging.

UNIT III [8]

NANOBIOLOGY: Properties of DNA and motor proteins – Measuremnts of

Conductivity of DNA nanowires and angular properties of motor -- Lessons

from Nature on making nanodevices.

UNIT IV [8]

BIOCONJUGATION OF NANOMATERIALS TO BIOLOGICAL

MOLECULES: Reactive Groups on biomolecules ( DNA & Proteins ) -

Conjugation to nanoparticles (ZnS- Fe3O4) - Uses of Bioconjugated

Nanoparticles.

UNIT V [8]

NANO DRUG DELIVERY: Various Drug Delivery Systems – aerosol -

Inhalants - Injectibles – Properties of Nanocarriers – Efficiency of the Systems.

Books Suggested:

1. Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives, Christof M.

Niemeyer (Editor), Chad A. Mirkin (Editor) , Wiley-VCH; 1 edition , 2004.

2. NanoBioTechnology: BioInspired Devices and Materials of the Future by Oded Shoseyov and Ilan Levy, Humana Press; 1 edition 2007.

3. NanoBiotechnology Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology) by Sandra J Rosenthal and David W. Wright , Humana Press; 1 edition , 2005.

RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

MTBT 303F

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I [8]

RESEARCH AND ITS METHODOLOGIES (WITH EXAMPLES):

Objectives of research, research process – observation, analysis, inference,

hypothesis, axiom, theory, experimentation, types of research (basic, applied,

qualitative, quantitative, analytical etc). Features of translational research, the

concept of laboratory to market (bench to public) and Industrial R&D.

UNIT II [8]

RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY – AN OVERVIEW: Biological

systems and their characteristics that influence the type and outcome of

research, Exploratory and product-oriented research in various fields of

biotechnology (health, agri, food, industrial etc) – types of expertise and

facilities required. Interdisciplinary nature of biotech research, sources of

literature for biotech research

UNIT III [8]

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH: BASIC CONCEPTS IN DESIGN AND

METHODOLOGY

Precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity; variables, biochemical

measurements, types of measurements, enzymes and enzymatic analysis,

antibodies and immunoassays, instrumental methods, bioinformatics and

computation, experimental planning – general guidelines

UNIT IV [8]

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: Importance and scientific methodology in

recording results, importance of negative results, different ways of recording,

industrial requirement, artifacts versus true results, types of analysis (analytical,

objective, subjective) and cross verification, correlation with published results,

discussion, outcome as new idea, hypothesis, concept, theory, model etc.

UNIT V [8]

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATION: Different types of

scientific and t echnical publications in the area of biotechnology, and their

specifications, Ways to protect intellectual property – Patents, technical writing

skills, definition and importance of impact factor and citation index -

assignment in technical writing.

Books Suggested:

1. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology Geoffrey R. Marczyk, David

DeMatteo, David Festinger, 2005 John Wiley & Sons Publishers, Inc

2. Biochemical Calculations: How to Solve Mathematical Problems in General

Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, Irwin H. Segel, 1976 John Wiley & Sons Publishers, Inc

3. Guide to Publishing a Scientific paper, Ann M. Korner, 2004, Bioscript Press

BIO-BUSINESS

MTBT 303G

L T P

3 1 0

Unit I [8]

Overview of the Biotechnology Industry: Birth of Biotechnology Industry,

Major Sectors in Biotechnology Industry, trends and key issues faced by the

Biotechnology and Devices Industry, Case study of Top Biotech Companies in

India and abroad.

Unit II [8]

Product Development: Industrial R&D and product development. Product

development and project management. Transition from R&D to business units.

Management of radical innovation technologies vs. stage gate approach in

product development. Discussion on regulatory issues and clinical trial process.

FDA basics. PMA, 510K, IND, NDA. Case Discussion

Unit III [8]

Intellectual Property: Business Models and R&D: Intellectual property in

biotech, definitions. Managing and working with inter-company partnerships

and alliances. Product development for commercial partners, Transitioning an

idea. Patent laws.

Unit IV [8]

Bioethics and Legal Issues: Bioethics and current legal issues. Ethics of new

technology. Bioethics and current legal issues. Marketing and public

perceptions in product development.

Unit V [8]

Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial business. New venture creation, technology

transfer and business planning. Financing biotech businesses and project

finance. How to make the case for a project budget. SBIR, corporate partners.

Case discussion on entrepreneurship issues.

Books Suggested:

1. Eric Grace, “Biotechnology unzipped: Promises and realities”, Wash DC: Joseph Henry Press, 1997.

2. Arthur Kornberg, Sausalito C A, “The golden helix”, University Science Books, 1995.

3. Richard Oliver, “The coming biotech age: The business of biomaterials”, NY: McGraw Hill, 2000.

4. Ruth Ellen Bulger et al., “The ethical dimensions of the biological sciences”, NY: Cambridge University Press. 1993.

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOWASTE

MANAGEMENT

MTBT 303H

L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I [8]

Source of air, water and solid wastes, Ecosystem, Ecosystem Management,

Renewable resources, Role of biotechnology in environmental protection,

Control and management of biological processes.

UNIT II [8]

Micrometeorology and dispersion of pollutants in environment. Fate of

pollutants. Bioreactors; Rural biotechnology; Biocompositing, Biofertilizers;

Vermiculture; Organic farming; Biomineralization; Biofuels; Bioethanol and

Biohydrogen; Energy management and safety.

UNIT III [8]

Centrifugal collectors, electrostatics precipitator, bag filter and wet scrubbers.

Design and efficiencies. Combustion generated pollution, vehicle emission

control. Case studies.

UNIT IV [8]

Water quality modeling for streams, Characterization of effluents, effluent

standards, Measurement of Pollution, Pollution control, remediation and

management, Waste water collection; control and management; waste water

treatment, sewagw treatment through chemical, microbial and biotech

techniques, Treatment of waste water from dairy, tannery, sugar and antibiotic

industries. Treatment and disposal. Waste recovery system.

UNIT V [8]

Primary methods; setting, pH control, chemical treatment. Secondary methods;

Biological treatment, Tertiary treatments; like ozonization, disinfection, etc,

Gene and Environment, Environmentral genomics, Bioprospecting, Metabolic

pathways for biodegradation of hydrocarbon compound and other organic

pollutants, Microbial interaction with; metals and radionuclides, mechanism,

nitrate and phosphate removal.

Books Suggested:

1. L.Canter “Environment Impact Assessment”, McGraw Hill.

2. E.P.Odum “Fundamentals of Ecology “V.B.Saunders and Co. 1974.

3. W.J.Weber “Physics-Chemical Process for water quality control, Wiley-international

Ed.

4. L.L.Gaccio water and water population Handbook Marcel Dekkar, New York

BIOINFORMATICS AND TISSUE CULTURE LAB

MTBT 304

(Revised)

L T P

0 0 6

1. Biological Databases (e.g.; sequence databases, structure databases and specialized databases) and their retrieval tools and methods.

2. Sequence similarity searching (e.g.; BLAST and FASTA).

3. Protein sequence analysis using ExPASy Bioinformatics resource portal and multiple sequence alignment using Clustal W tool.

4. 3-D structure prediction of protein through homology modeling and their visualization by PyMol/DS Visualizer/RasMol.

5. Media preparation and sterilization for plant and animal tissue culture.

6. Induction of callus and suspension culture.

7. Multiple shooting and organogenesis from buds.

8. Plant regeneration by micropropagation.

9. Preparation of media for the given animal cell culture.

10. Maintenance of established cell lines.

11. Cell counting & viability by vital staining.

12. Staining of animal cells.

Suggested Books

1. Bioinformatics: A Practical Approach by K Mani and N Vijayaraj, Aparna Publications, Coimbatore.

2. Bioinformatics: Sequence, Structure and Databanks- A Practical Approach by Des Heggins and Willie Taylor, Oxford University Press.

3. Debra Davis “Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns” 4. Nigel Jenkins “Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols 5. Chawla HS, “Plant Biotechnology: A Practical Approach”. 6. Slater A, Scott NW, Fowler MR “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic

Manipulation of Plants”.