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Small Energy Save PV Systems
M. Stoev
Solar Energy Centre
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
South-West University “Neofit Rilski”
Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA
Website: www.swu.bg
E-mail: [email protected]
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Agenda
• Energy mix
• BIPV
• Energy safe micro solar systems
• PV modules• Micro-inverters
• Small Grid Tie Photovoltaic System (SGPV)
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Energy mix in Bulgaria
• Outdoor energy mix
http://www.tso.bg/default.aspx/page-
707/bg
• Indoor energy mix
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Energy mix in Bulgaria,
5th January, 2015
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PV systems
• PV plants: land, construction, long
distance transmission grid, high
investment costs, losses
• Small Energy Save PV Systems: BIPV
(near production, local consumption)
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BIPV: Residential Solar System Designs
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Energy safe micro solar systemshttp://microsolar.sts.bg/
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Micro solar system 250 Wp
PV module: Bosch Solar c-Si M 60 - 235W
Micro inverter: AE Conversion INV 250-45
Micro computer: LongiLight Premim
Construction: Visor façade
Price: 700 Euro
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Bosch Solar c-Si M 60 - 235W
• Pmax = 235 W
• Uoc = 36.60 V ; Isc =8.40 A U mp = 30.00 V; I mp = 7.85 A
• η = 14,61 %; P tolerance = +/-3%; Temperature coefficient Isc = + 0.039%/o K
• Temperature coefficient Uoc = - 0.360%/o K; Temperature coefficient Pmp =
- 0.500%/o K; Temperature diapason = from - 40 oC to + 85 oC
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Micro-inverter
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72-cell PV module
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Micro-inverter benefits
• Individual Optimization
“Shading of as little as 9% of a solar system connected to a centralinverter, can lead to a system-wide decline in power output with asmuch as 54%”
• MPPT• Longer Warranty: 20 – 25 Years
• Easily Expandable
• Performance Reports
• No single point of Failure• Improved Safety
• Silent
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Energy safe micro solar systems
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Grid tie inverters
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Dual micro-inverters
• 2011
• Two PV panels and one dual micro-
inverter
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Specific applications of micro-inverters
• Shading
• Difficult roof orientations
• Starter systems• Small applications
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Grid tie inverter 500 W
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Advantages of SGPV
• Low cost and easy installation
• Free combination
• Combination of SGPV does not interact• Improving the efficiency of the entire solar
power system
• Low power consumption
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Grid tie inverter
• The power of grid tie inverter should be
matched to the power of solar panels connected.
• The inverter can be connected to any outlet athome, when this line run by the conventional
electric network.
• pure sine wave
• frequency and phase are as same as the grid's
• Island Protection
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Electrical specifications of Grid tie inverter 500 W
• Maximum AC Output Power: 500 W• AC Output Voltage: 190V ~ 260V
• AC Output Frequency Range: 46Hz ~ 65Hz
• Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) <5%
• Power Factor: 0.99
• DC Input Voltage Range: 24V ~ 52V • Peak Inverter Efficiency: 92%
• Standby Power consumption: <0.5W
• Output Current Waveform: Pure Sine-wave
• MPPT Function: YES
• Over Current Protection: YES
• Over Temperature Protection: YES
• Reverse Polarity Protection: YES
• Island Protection: YES
• Stackable: YES
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Power factor
• Low power factor (PF) presents a heavier generationand transmission burden on the power grid and alsodeposits a larger carbon footprint.
• Real power [kW]: heating and lighting
- supply voltage and load current are "in-phase"
• Reactive power [kVar]: loads with inductive andcapacitive elements (motors, lamp ballasts)
- supply voltage and load current are 90-degrees out-ofphase with each other
• Apparent power [kVA]: vector sum of real and reactivepower
- total burden placed on the grid by the load from both itsreal and reactive parts
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Power factor
• A lagging power factor is associated with an inductiveload, while a leading one is indicative of a capacitiveload
• True power factor is then a combination of simplephase displacement and harmonic distortion
• The inefficiencies associated with low power factorrequire larger power plants and bigger transmission linesto generate and deliver the higher currents.
• GTIs are designed to operate with a unity powerfactor output and be synchronized with grid
frequency.• GTI does not contribute any reactive kVar production
to the equation, which leaves the utility to bear theentire burden
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Power factor
Utility power factor with grid-tie inverter (GTI)
Relationship between real, reactive and apparent power
Utility power factor without grid-tie inverter (GTI
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Micro inverter: AE Conversion INV 250-45
• DC• P max inp = 250 W; U max inp = 45 V; U min inp = 18 V; I max inp = 11 A
• AC
• P max out = 250 W; I nom = 1 A; U nom = 230 V; H nom = 50 Hz;
P factor >0.99 Cosφ, Temperature diapason = from - 25 oC to + 70 oC
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LogiLight Premium
• U nom = 230 V; I max = 16 A, H nom = 50 Hz; U tolerance = 175…275 V;
Temperature diapason +5…+ 85 oC
Measure: U [V]; I [A]; H [Hz]; P [W], E [kWh]; Cosφ
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SGPV South-West University, BG
May, 2014
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SGPV South-West University, BG
November, 2014
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SGPV Karaganda State University, KZ
-25 oC, December, 2014
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Thank you for your attention!