.lv NIC 20 gadi

The Evolution of the DNS – new TLDsAlexander Schubert

Agenda

1. Introduction of the DNS in 19842. First Expansion in 2000 and 20043. ICANN`s 2012 new gTLD program4. How to introduce a new TLD5. Outlook: Will new TLD`s be success?6. Damage for old TLD`s?

1. Introduction of the DNS in 1984

• 1984 -> No commercial use of Internet• 1 set of generic TLD`S (.com, .net, .org, etc)• And one for each country (ISO 3166 Codes)• Commercial use of Internet starts in 1994/95• Already in 1996 call for more TLD`s• Result: Foundation of ICANN in 1998

2. First Expansion in 2000 & 2004

• 7 new „test“-TLD`s in 2000 (.info, .biz, etc)• 8 more „test“-TLD`s in 2004 (.mobi, .asia, etc)• Test rounds failed: No impact in the Internet• „.info“: 8.6 Million domains: No awareness• What went wrong?• Low prices, domain speculation, no awareness

ICANN`s 2012 new gTLD program

• 2006: New ICANN Policy Development Process• 2007: Main Policy established• June 2011: ICANN announces new gTLD round• Q2 2012: Application deadline• $US 185k // 1920 applications• Q2 2013: First new gTLD`s will enter root

4. How to introduce a new TLD

• Chose the right community as basis• Examples: „GEO“ or „Social Group“• Involve the community (create awareness)• 2 constituents: Users and Registrants• Create trend in community• Keep away speculators! Generic Name-Space• Responsible pricing! „Trojan Horse“ Sunrise

Outlook: Will new TLD`s be success?

• Sadly: Most new gTLD`s will be failures• Some few will be good success• GEO-TLD`s if managed properly• Brand TLD`s• Community (.green, .gay, .music, .sport, .hotel)• Very few general term TLD`s (.shop, .web)• Many will make money, few will have impact

Damage for old TLD`s?

• How many ccTLD`s do you know or use today?• What is the ccTLD of Zambia?• Most people will know only a few new TLDs• No damage for most ccTLD`s like .lv or .de• Small damage for „.com“, „.net“ and „.org“

Questions – Please!