Lung cancer - ENCR · Lung cancer. Otto Visser. June 2019. Coding issues. Introduction •...
Transcript of Lung cancer - ENCR · Lung cancer. Otto Visser. June 2019. Coding issues. Introduction •...
Lung cancer
Otto VisserJune 2019
Coding issues
Introduction
• Epidemiological information• Incidence & mortality trend in Europe, survival• Distribution according to age and sex
• Risk factors• (Diagnostics & staging procedures)• Topography & morphology• Stage • Treatment• Quality issues
Incidence of lung cancer in Europe in 2018males females
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
<35 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+
males 1989
males 2018
females 1989
females 2018
Netherlands
Age specific incidence of lung cancer by sex
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Bulg
aria
Wal
es
Lith
uani
a
Mal
ta
Engl
and
N Ir
elan
d
Scot
land
Irela
nd
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Cze
chia
Den
mar
k
Cro
atia
Slov
akia
Slov
enia
Portu
gal
Nor
way
Spai
n
Pola
nd
EUR
OPE
Finl
and
Net
herla
nds
Icel
and
Swed
en
Italy
Ger
man
y
Aust
ria
Fran
ce
Switz
erla
nd
Belg
ium
one year
five year
Relative survival of lung cancer (2000-2007)
Risk factors & Symptoms
Risk factors
• Smoking• Radiation• Radon• Small dust particals• Asbestos
Symptoms
• Often no or only aspecific symptoms such as weight loss, fever, loss of appetite or fatigue
• Cough, hemoptoë• Short of breath, stridor• Pain on the chest• Atelectasis (collapse of the lung)• HoarsenessAbsence of symptoms is the main reason for the high stage at diagnosis
Topography
Trachea C33.9
Main bronchus C34.0
Middle lobe C34.2
Lower lobe C34.3
Upper lobe C34.1
Overlapping C34.8NOS C34.9
5 lobes (2 left and 3 right) which are composed of a total of 20 segments
Morphology
New morphology codes/terms in ICD-O-3
Code Term8250/2 Adenocarcinoma in situ, non-mucinous8253/2 Adenocarcinoma in situ, mucinous8250/3 Bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma Lepidic adenocarcinoma8256/3 Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, non-mucinous (C34._)8257/3 Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, mucinous (C34._)
Bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma = Adenocarcinoma of the lung
Overview
Term ICD-O-3 2nd revisionAdenocarcinoma in situ, non-mucinous 8250/2Adenocarcinoma in situ, mucinous 8253/2Lepidic adenocarcinoma (Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, NOS) 8250/3Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, non-mucinous 8252/3Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, mucinous 8253/3Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, mixed mucinous and non-mucinous 8254/3Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, non-mucinous 8256/3Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, mucinous 8257/3
Morphology: clinical
• Small cell carcinoma• Non-small cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma• Adenocarcinoma• Large cell carcinoma
Morphology: pathological
• Neuro-endocrine tumours/carcinomas• Carcinoid/NET gr 1• Atypical carcinoid/NET gr 2• Large cell neuro-endocrine
carcinoma• Small cell carcinoma
• Non-epithelial cancers• Sarcoma
• Non-small cell carcinoma• Squamous cell carcinoma• Adenocarcinoma• Large cell carcinoma• Rare carcinoma subtypes
• Unspecified cancers(no pathology)
Morphology and topography
• Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma are mostly located in the central parts of the lung (main bronchus and its branches)
• Adenocarcinoma is mostly located in more peripheral parts of the lung (the alveoli of the lung)
Large cell carcinoma & carcinoma, NOS
• Large cell carcinoma (8012) is not really a subtype, but only descriptive (‘large cells’)
• Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma have also large cells• If next to large cell carcinoma another diagnosis is available, the more
specific one has preference
• Try also to avoid the use of ‘carcinoma, NOS’ (8010) and ‘non-small cell lung cancer’ (8046)
Morphology: distribution by sex (EU 2012)
adenocarcinoma36%
SCC14%
NET/NEC16%
large cell carcinoma
17%
other1% unspecified
16%
males females
adenocarcinoma26%
SCC27%
NET/NEC13%
large cell carcinoma
15%
other1% unspecified
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
15 6 12 5 23 9 2 19 20 27 1 16 21 14 8 11 EU 25 29 7 13 26 10 18 17 4 22 28 24 3
adenosquamous cellNET/NEClarge cellotherunspecified
Morphology by country: males
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
23 12 15 19 2 5 6 9 11 20 21 27 16 1 8
EU 26 14 18 25 7 13 10 4 29 17 24 28 3 22
adenosquamous cellNET/NEClarge cellotherunspecified
Morphology by country: females
Morphology: subtypes of adenocarcinoma
• Adenocarcinoma• Acinar (8550)• Bonchiolo-alveolar/lepidic (8250);
mucinous (8253); non-mucinous (8252); mixed (8254)
• Mucinous (8480/8481)• Papillary (8260)• Solid (8230)• Rare types
• Salivary gland tumours• Muco-epidermoid (8430)• Adenoid cystic (8200)• Epithelial-myoepithelial (8562)
Treatment
• Stage I & II: surgery / radiotherapy• Stage III: chemoradiotherapy• Stage IV: systemic treatment (chemotherapy or targeted therapy),
palliative radiotherapy
Surgery
Sleeve lobectomy
Carina resection
Targeted therapy
• A number of drugs have been developed or are being developed that target several processes in the cancers cells
• Depending on the type of aberration in the cancer cell the drug will be effective (or not)
• Resistance to the drug often develops after some time as the cancer cells may change at cell disivison
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