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![Page 1: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats
Dr. Carl [email protected]
Vermont Technical College +1-802-356-2822 (Voice)Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA
http://www.cubesatlab.org
![Page 2: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Vermont Technical College: Carl Brandon (structure, thrusters, communication, navigation, electronics) and Peter Chapin (software)
• University of Vermont: Jun Yu (low energy transfer and radiation environment modeling) and Jeff Frolik (spacecraft coordination, landing)
NASA Consortium Development Grant
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• Norwich University: Ron Lessard and Danner Friend (optical sensors and robotics)
• Undergraduate students and graduate students (UVM) from the above institutions and St. Michael’s College
• Assistance from NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory personnel
NASA Consortium Development Grant
![Page 4: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Three Spacecraft
Single CubeSat Lunar Lander
![Page 5: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Three Spacecraft
Double CubeSat Booster
![Page 6: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Three Spacecraft
Triple CubeSat Ion Lunar Orbiter
![Page 7: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Three Spacecraft
Higher Power Triple CubeSat Ion Lunar Orbiter
![Page 8: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Three Spacecraft
JPL Miniature Xenon Ion (MiXI) Thruster
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Technology Prototyping
• Use of carbon fiber composite for CubeSat structures
• Development of a 1N mono-propellant thruster
• Designing a CubeSat sized thruster gimbal
• Developing a CubeSat sized 200-300 atmosphere xenon tank
![Page 10: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Technology Prototyping• Miniaturizing the xenon pressure regulator and
gas flow control as used in the ESA SMART-1 spacecraft
• Converting the NASA Goddard GEONS navigation system to Ada/SPARK and developing the associated hardware
• Developing the associated electronics and sensors
• Developing optical means for lunar landing attitude control and lateral velocity control
![Page 11: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chemical Propulsion System• Lander and Booster will each have four 1
N thrusters
• Monopropellant: Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate and Methanol (88%:12% by mass) mixed
• Specific Impulse about 270 seconds
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Ion Propulsion System• Triple CubeSat orbiter will have one MiXI 1
mN thruster, Specific Impulse about 2,500 – 3,000 seconds
• Power for the xenon ion drive will come from photovoltaic cells on the spacecraft body and four fold out 30 cm x 10 cm panels
![Page 13: Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats Dr. Carl Brandoncarl.brandon@vtc.edu Vermont Technical College+1-802-356-2822 (Voice) Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA .](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649cef5503460f949be52c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bi-Propellant Orbits
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Ion Drive Orbits ala SMART-1
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Vermont Tech Student Involvement
• Electro-Mechanical Engineering Technology Bachelors students can take the Spacecraft Systems course and work in the CubeSat Lab, on the Lunar spacecraft which becomes their required Senior Project
• They implement the specific systems for the CubeSat.
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Vermont Tech Student Involvement
• Software Engineering Bachelors students would implement parts of the software systems for their Senior Project and are currently developing a test framework for the navigation system.
• Other Electro-Mechanical students have worked on a steerable dish antenna for the GENSO ground station and a testing system for the Lunar lander landing gear
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Vermont CubeSat Project• Carbon fiber composite for structural
components (including fold out photovoltaic panels)
• Using a CubeSat Kit CPU board
• Texas Instrument MSP430 CPU
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Vermont CubeSat Project
• Spectrolab TASC 27% efficient triple junction photovoltaic cells
• Clyde Space Electrical Power System with Li-Polymer batteries
• 3 axis magnetometer (near earth) and sun, earth, moon sensor for attitude determination
• Differential thrusters (chemical), and gimbaled ion thruster for attitude control
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Vermont CubeSat Project• NASA Goddard GPS Enhanced Onboard
Navigation System (GEONS) for navigation (rewritten in Ada/SPARK)
• Radios for 2-way communication to be determined
• Ground communication station to be part of the worldwide GENSO network
• Camera modules to be used for celestial navigation.
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Why Use Ada and SPARK?
• Although not safety critical, the software is mission critical. We won’t be able to patch it.
• Satellite cost of $100,000-$300,000 and launch cost of $200,000-$300,000 and several years’ effort would be lost by a software failure
• Ada/SPARK offers a greatly improved probability of error-free software when compared with C used in most CubeSat projects
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Why Use Ada and SPARK?
• The development and debugging time would be less; helpful with our smaller resource base
• Students get a chance to use the best software engineering features in Ada and SPARK in a real-world embedded system
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• Software written in Ada/SPARK
• Checked with the Praxis High Integrity Systems’ SPARK Toolset
• Compiled with Adacore’s GNAT Pro
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• Sofcheck’s AdaMagic compiles to produce C intermediate code
• Rowley’s Crossworks C to object code for Texas Instruments’ MSP430 CPU
• Pumpkin’s Salvo RTOS if needed
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Acknowledgements• NASA Vermont Space Grant Consortium
• NASA
• Vermont Technical College
• AdaCore, Inc.
• Praxis High Integrity Systems
• SofCheck
• Applied Graphics, Inc.
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Vermont’s Low Cost Astronaut
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Lunar Lander / Orbiter CubeSats
Dr. Carl [email protected]
Vermont Technical College +1-802-356-2822 (Voice)Randolph Center, VT 05061 USA
http://www.cubesatlab.org