INTERIOR DESIGN

Ludwig mies van der rohe

PRESENTED BY-

GROUP MEMEBRS ANUSHA ROY AIMAN NASEEM SUNDUS HUSSAIN JOMAN SARDAR ABDUL NOOR M.RAGHIB HAMZAH

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TIMELINE

3. MAJOR WORKS

4. PHILOSPHIES

5. BRNO CHAIR

6. BARCELONA CHAIR

7. TUGENDHAT ARMCHAIR

8. BARCELONA COUCH

9. FARNSWORTH HOUSE

10. SOURCES

Ludwig mies van der rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)

He was a German-American architect who created innovative designs that involved materials and methods of construction from modern technology available at his time.

By emphasizing open space and revealing the industrial materials used in construction, he helped define modern architecture.

He is widely acknowledged as one of the 20th century ‘s greatest architects.

Widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture

Designed skyscrapers of steel and glass which became models of skyscraper design throughout the world.

Modern architecture is generally characterized by simplification of form and creation of ornament from the structure and theme of the building.

1886 Born on March 27, in Aachen, Germany.

1908-1911 he worked for Peter Behrens.

1905-1907 Moved to Berlin and worked for Bruno Paul (the art nouveau architect and furniture designer).

1906 received his first independent comission to plan a house for a philospher- Alois reihl

1927 Mies designed one of his famous building Barcelona pavillion.

1929 Designed furnitures-Barcelona chair,Tugendhat chair & Barcelona couch.

1930 Designed Tugendhat house.

1930-1931 appointed as a director of Bauhaus school of design.

1938 moved to United states and (1938-1958) was head of the architecture department at the

armour institute of technology in chicago.

1958 he designed the Seagram building-a masterpiece of skyscraper design.

1951 he continued to develop this concept of open, flexible space on a much larger scale &

designed Farnsworth house and 860-880 lake shore drive.

1969 he died in chicago on august 17.

TIMELINE

HIS MAJOR WORKS • German pavilion Barcelona 1929

• Tugendhat house 1930

• ILLINOIS INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY

MASTER, CHICAGO 1939-1958

• Farnsworth House 1946-1951

• Lake shore drive apartments Illinois 1948-51

• Crown hall- 1956

• Seagram building NY, US 1958

• Toronto Dominion Centre- 1969

PHILOSOPHY

•Mies believed in designing the space according to form follows the function. • Believed in extreme clarity and simplicity. •He introduced steel and glass as design elements in his buildings •His works introduced a new level of simplicity and transparency, and his buildings were often referred to as “skin-and-bones” architecture for their emphasis on steel structure and glass enclosure. • one of his famous quote, "less is more“ he enlisted every element and detail to serve multiple visual and functional. •He created radical and conservative structures: radical because his constructions reflected scientific and technological character and conservative because they were based on the external laws of architecture- ‘ Order, Space and Proportions’. •Mies believed that buildings should be designed with the least amount of fixed elements so as to be as flexible as possible and ready to adapt as their functional requirements change over time.

To strip down extra and unwanted material. • Focus : – Form – Light – Space – Details of material: Reveals the inner qualities of materials and objects, apart from aesthetic value. • Conveying the message of simplicity: – Basic geometric forms – Elements without decoration

Theory of minimalism

1 OF 5 BRNO CHAIR

BRNO CHAIR

• The Brno chair is a cantilever chair designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich in 1929-1930 for the bedroom of the Tugendhat House in Brno, Czech Republic.

• A mix of traditional fabrics like leather combined with modern chrome frames, and a of the supporting structure and the supported surfaces, often employingcreated by delicate structural frames.

• It has very , consisting of a , bent into a C-shape from the middle of the back, round

past the front edge of seat (to create arms), and back under the seat to create a cantilever, with seat and back padded in leather.

• There are two versions of the chair, one in tubular steel and the other in flat steel.

• The metal was originally polished stainless steel, some modern examples are chrome plated.

• Design elements convey the message of simplicity. The basic geometric forms, elements without decoration, simple materials.

Retail price of current configuration: $1919

flat steel

tubular steel

• Much greater strength is achieved in this design visually and physically by the use of

for the frame. • The fact that the frame disappears behind the

shallow padded element leaving the leg / arm lines, the only visible support, gives the chair a more .

• The seat and back are firmly held in relation to one another and

.

• The that have been recently added to the design.

BRNO CHAIR - FLAT BAR

• Width: 22 ¾“ Seat Height: 17 ½"

• Depth: 22 ½“ Arm Height: 25 ¾"

• Height: 31 ½"

Dimensions

MATERIALS

• Frame is polished chrome-plated steel

• No visible connections between seat and frame

• Seat has an inner hardwood frame cushioned

with variable density foam.

2 OF 5 BARCELONA CHAIR

Forty separated cut panels joined by narrow hand-sewn welts , the leather straps are held on by 72 screws each tapped and screwed into metal frame through the ends of the straps , the stainless steel frame is all electric arc welded , hand finished and polished to a perfect mirror finish.

Apart from some machine sewing and the extruded steel section , the chair is almost entirely hand made which explains its high purchasing price.

Cotton and burlap and horsehair filling replaced by foam rubber for cushions. And chromed steel has been replaced by polish stainless steel.

‘’Inside is outside is inside’’ : the concept of an intermingling of exterior world and interior space . Material and layout of seating and the view of the environment converge (almost as a precursor to ‘’virtual reality’’.Mies van der Rohe :Lake Shore Drive Apartments , Chicago 1948-51 .

Book : WEST MEETS EAST MIES VAN DER ROHE , Writer : WERNER BLASER

Construction :

The functional design and elements of it that were patented by Mies in Germany, Spain and the United States in the 1930s have since expired . The Barcelona chair was manufactured in the US and Europe in limited production from the 1930s to the 1950s.

In 1953, Mies ceded his rights and his name on the design to Knoll, knowing that his design patents were expired. This collaboration then renewed popularity in the design.

In 1965, Knoll purchased the trademark rights to the Barcelona word from Drexel.

In 2004, Knoll received trade dress rights to the design from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Despite these trademarks, a large replica market continues. Gordon International New York has continued to manufacture the designs since the 1970s, even after a court battle against Knoll in 2005.

CURRENT PRODUCTION :

PHILOSOPHY : The form is thought to be extrapolated from Roman folding chairs known as the Curule chair – upholstered stools used by Roman aristocracy . It has beautiful formal balance , clarity and simplicity , he was always concerned with expressing the spirit of the modern era.

Since 1953 Knoll has manufactured the chair. They make the frame in two different steel configurations, chrome and stainless. The chair is almost completely hand-laboured, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's signature is stamped into each chair. Reproductions proliferate worldwide and are sold under different marketing names.

3 OF 5 TUGENDHAT ARMCHAIR

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Tugendhat armchair Knoll designed 1929; this chair produced after 1948 Model no. MR 70 Leather and steel 34″h x 27.5″w x 25″d Estimate $5,000 – 7,000 June 26, 2011 Auction

Seeking to make a comfortable lounge chair that maintained the restraint of his minimalist aesthetic, mies arrived at the tugendhat. The Tugendhat chair is a modernist cantilever chair designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in collaboration with Lilly Reich 1929-1930 for the Tugendhat House in Brno,Czechoslovakia.

• In appearance, the Tugendhat chair is somewhat of a hybrid of Mies van der Rohe’s 1929 Barcelona chair and 1929-1930 Brno chair.

• Like the Barcelona chair, the Tugendhat chair has a large padded leather seat and back, supported by leather straps mounted on a steel frame and legs.

• However, like one variant of the Brno chair, the frame is flat solid steel, formed under into a C-shape under the seat to create a cantilever.

• Versions exist with or without leather-padded steel arms. The metal was originally polished stainless steel; modern examples are often chrome-plated.

• “We realized that we were dealing with a genuine artist. Grete and Fritz said, for example, that the ideal dimensions of space cannot be calculated, space must be felt.”

Designer : Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Date : 1929 Style / tradition : Modernist Designed for German government pavilion for the

Barcelona international exhibition of 1929. DESIGN : Frame was initially designed to be bolted together, but was redesigned in 1950 using stainless steel, which allowed the frame to be formed by a seamless piece of metal, giving it a smoother appearance. ‘Clarity’ is evident in the design principles of the chair. ‘Honesty’ ,‘Simplicity’ and elegance is demonstrated in the

use of materials, which are suited to their applications: Material: chrome-plated steel bar, leather belts, kid leather cushions .

The seat and back, by contrast, appear to be loosely attached to the frame. Uplifted enough, as it were, to be a suitable seat for a king.

Size: 75 x 76 x 77; seat height 43 cms

BARCELONA CHAIR

Front elevation

Side elevation

Plan

Unusual form: supported by a slender, shimmering base that has little in common with the four legs of a conventional chair .

Mies’ design is consequently based on considerations of structure and material. His chair conforms to the criteria of New Objectivity. Another striking feature is the chair’s similarity to folding stools or scissor chairs used as thrones in ancient Egypt and other cultures of antiquity.

4 OF 5 BARCELONA COUCH

Design Mies van der Rohe 1929

Barcelona Couch

BARCELONA COUCH WITH BLACK STRAPS • Created by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the

German Pavilion at the 1929 Barcelona Exposition

• The Barcelona couch features the pure compositional structure that now epitomizes (be a

perfect example) Modern architecture.

• From the hand-buffed (leather with a velvety surface) frame to the individual leather squares carefully welted together, each Barcelona sofa is a tribute to traditional craftsmanship and meticulous attention to detail.

• The couch gained widespread popularity in 1953, when architect Philp Johnson selected it for his New York apartment.

Design Mies van der Rohe

MATERIALS & SPECIFICATIONS The Barcelona couch features an African Ramin (this wood has significant commercial value and is used to make

products such as furniture, toys, broom handles) hardwood

frame with protective, clear lacquer (coloured wood

finish) finish. 72 individual panels are cut, hand-welted and hand-tufted with leather and buttons produced from a single cowhide (natural, unbleached skin and hair of a

cow)

simple

elegance

unprecedented

(never done or known before.)

masterful proportioning

and planning

“less is more”-clarity and simplicity

To create the Deep & precise tufting • Individual leather panels are cut, • hand-welted and hand-tufted, and • panels and buttons are crafted from

a single hide.

Legs are constructed of tubular steel with polished stainless steel finish.

The bolster (a long, thick pillow) cushion is crafted from coordinating leather and secured to the couch with straps and locking snaps.

Cushions are premium quality, fire retardant, high-resiliency urethane foam.

spirit of the modern era

clarity and simplicity

PRICES AND DETAILS • Knoll is the only authorized and licensed manufacturer of

the Barcelona Collection since 1953.

• Mies van der Rohe's signature is stamped into the frame of each piece to guarantee authenticity.

• The Barcelona Couch is a registered trademark of Knoll, Inc., manufactured by Knoll according to the original and exacting specifications of the designer. Made in U.S.A

$9,487.00 = 59,399,16 INR (http://www.knoll.com/product/barcelona-couch)

= 89,603 euros = 34,8943 dirhams

5 OF 5 MIES VAN DER ROHE’S FARNSWORTH

HOUSE

MIES VAN DER ROHE’S FARNSWORTH HOUSE southwest of Chicago's downtown

FARNSWORTH HOUSE An exemplary representation of both the International Style of architecture as well as the modern movement’s desire

to 1. Juxtapose the sleek, (place side by side to create

contrast)

2. Streamline design of Modern structure, with the organic environment of the surrounding nature.

It’s a testament of simplicity in that everything has been stripped back and distilled(to extract) to it’s very essence, the very least that it could be. Nothing is for show, nothing superfluous or extraneous. The forms and shapes are seamless; the glass is a solid band, uninterrupted as it contains the entire living space, with the beams set to the exterior.

Fearless design

Seems simple

Architecture as an expression

Three distinct spaces 1. A transparent house 2. A covered terrace 3. An open deck

It looks like 2 parallel planes held in suspension between the earth and sky by only 8 steel columns

one of the most minimalist houses ever designed

The floor plan is completely open exploiting true minimalism.

The I-beams of the Farnsworth house are both structural and expressive.

Shading and privacy through the trees around

Mie’s explained this concept in an interview about the glass pavilion stating, “ nature, too shall live its own life. We must beware not to disrupt it with the colour of our houses and interior fittings. Yet

we should attempt to bring nature, houses and human beings together into a higher unity.”

Minimalist expression of structure and space

2 parallel planes

8 steel columns

MIES VAN DER ROHE’S FARNSWORTH HOUSE

SOURCES

• BOOKS: • THE MODERN CHAIR by Clement Meadmore published by

Dover publication Inc , Mineola New York in 1997

• WEBSITES: • http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/quick-history-mies-van-

der-roh-141158 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno_chair • http://www.knoll.com/product/brno-chair-flat-bar • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_chair • http://www.design-museum.de/en/collection/100-

masterpieces/detailseiten/mr-90-barcelona-sessel-ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe#Furniture

• Book : WEST MEETS EAST MIES VAN DER ROHE , Writer : WERNER BLASER