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Title of the Paper (16pt Times New Roman, Bold,

Centered)

AUTHORS' NAMES (Capital, 12pt Times New Roman, centered

!epartment (12pt Times New Roman, centeredUni"ersit# (12pt Times New Roman, centeredAddress (12pt Times New Roman, centered

COUNTR$ (Capital, 12pt Times New Roman, centered#o%remailacco%nt& )ttp*++www#o%rweaddress (12pt Times New Roman, centered

Abstract: - -n t)is paper, we presented a case st%d# to )i.)li.)t t)e in/l%ences o/ t)e connection o/ distri%ted.eneration so%rces t)at ma# )a"e o"er sol%tions o/ reacti"e power compensation and "olta.e control in networ0anal#sis T)e prolem o/ "olta.ereacti"e power control to minimie ener.# losses was sol"ed # c)an.in. t)e n%mero/ an0 capacitors located in %ses and tap c)an.e operation 3or t)is we %se a .enetic al.orit)m

Key-Words: -.enetic al.orit)ms, distri%ted .eneration, "olta.ereacti"e power control, renewale so%rces

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1 IntroductionT)e need /or di"ersi/ication o/ reso%rces, t)eir ris0 o/

depletion, /ollowed # increased /%el costs andemissions o/ .reen)o%se .ases prod%ced # eistin.ind%strial comple made scientists to /oc%s on new

sol%tions /or power .eneration /rom ot)er so%rces,renewale so%rcesT)ese so%rces are ine)a%stile, %t t)e# )a"e one

disad"anta.e* "ariation o/ parameters T)e# )a"ede"eloped rapidl# in t)e ener.# mar0et, ass%min. t)at int)e mid21st cent%r#, wit) appropriate le.islation andde"elopin. new tec)nolo.ies, renewale ener.# co%ldco"er 456 o/ total ener.# demand Moreo"er, t)e lastEU climate and ener.# pac0a.e re7%ires, esides a 256red%ction in emissions o/ .reen)o%se .ases and ot)er256 o/ EU ener.# cons%mption to come /rom renewalereso%rces, and a 256 red%ction in primar# ener.# %se

compared wit) pro8ected le"els, to e ac)ie"ed #impro"in. ener.# e//icienc# 91:-n present, in Romanian power s#stem, eceptin.

)#droelectricit#, onl# t)e wind ener.# can e consideredas a renewale reso%rce w)ose potential can ee//icientl# %sed Moreo"er, a recent disc%ssion doc%mentreleased # t)e National Ener.# Re.%lation A%t)orit#(ANRE presents t)e commitment o/ t)e RomanianTransmission S#stem Operator (TSO to inte.rate a wind.eneration capacit# o/ more t)an 2;55 M< (appro"ed

pro8ects in t)e present da# power s#stem wit) anestimated inte.ration limit o/ 2==5 M< 92:

C%rrentl#, promotin. renewale ener.# so%rces andt)eir implementation as distri%ted .eneration is animportant iss%e /or electrical en.ineers T)e# canimpro"e reliailit# o/ ener.# s%ppl# # red%cin..reen)o%se .as emissions, red%cin. /ossil /%el importsand red%cin. dependence on ener.# imports

!istri%ted .eneration in"ol"es t)e prod%ction o/electricit# near# t)e cons%mption points and pro"idin.it /rom low power so%rces (>45M

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enetic al.orit)ms are applications o/ arti/icialintelli.ence T)e# were desi.ned and de"eloped # o)nHolland 9=: and t)e# are )e%ristic searc) al.orit)ms

ased on principles o/ .enetics and nat%ral selection,w)ic) were %sed /or sol"in. optimiation prolems int)e past decade, s%c) as* control prolems 9F:, ima.e

processin. 9G: T)e main ad"anta.es o/ .enetical.orit)ms are* %se codi/ication o/ t)e "arialesoptimiation /%nction, searc)in. process eplore in

parallel more areas /orm t)e searc)in. space, %sin.criteria o/ nat%ral selection, and determinin. t)edirection o/ mo"ement is ased on t)e /ittness /%nctione"al%ation One ma8or disad"anta.e o/ A is its

premat%re con"er.ence to local minimaenetic al.orit)ms can e %sed onl# /or t)e t#pes o/

prolems w)ere sol%tions can e represented #c)romosome c)ains -nitial, A proceeds to .enerate a

pop%lation o/ sol%tions randoml#, t)en will impro"e itt)ro%.) repetiti"e application o/ m%tation, crosso"er andselection operators Desides t)is .enetic operators eistanot)er one, named elitist 915: elitism it is %sed to ma0ea cop# o/ t)e est c)romosome /rom c%rent pop%lationin t)e net pop%lation T)is is a simple, %t e//icienttec)ni7%e

Selection is %sed to c)oose c)romosomes /rom t)ec%rrent pop%lation t)at will /orm t)e net .enerationSelection met)ods %se proailistic r%les o/ s%r"i"al-ndi"id%al sol%tions are selected t)ro%.) a fitness-based

process, w)ere /itter sol%tions are t#picall# more li0el#

to e selected Selection can e accomplis)ed in twowa#s* re/ormin. t)e entire pop%lation or selectin. twoparent c)romosomes and applicate crosso"er andm%tation operators to /orm t)e c)ild c)romosomesSelection met)ods incl%de roulette weel selection andtournament selection911:

Crosso"er is t)e most important .enetic operator %sedin .enetic al.orit)ms Two parent c)romosomes arec)osen to /orm two c)ild c)romosomes, w)ic) pass intot)e net .eneration T)e crosso"er o/ t)e parentc)romosomes occ%rs wit) some proailit#, so it is

possile t)at t)e two parents c)romosomes to pass

wit)o%t an# c)an.e in t)e new .eneration -t can e %sedsome t#pes o/ crosso"er* onepoint crosso"er, twopointcrosso"er an %ni/orm crosso"er 912:

M%tation is a .enetic operator %sed to maintain.enetic di"ersit# /rom one .eneration o/ a pop%lation o/al.orit)m c)romosome to t)e net and )elps to pre"entt)e pop%lation /rom sta.natin. at an# local optimaM%tations occ%r wit) a certain proailit#, calledm%tation rate, %s%all# 7%ite low T)ere are two t#pes o/m%tation* m%tation # in"ersion and # reset

enetic al.orit)ms wor0 on t)e /ollowin. principle*it starts /rom a pop%lation o/ c)romosomes and %sin..enetic operators will create new c)romosomes, t)at will

e new possile sol%tions o/ optimiation prolem -n3i. 1 is presented .enetic al.orit)m dia.ram

Fig.1. Genetic algorithm diagram

#

Reacti$e power compensationBolta.ereacti"e power control prolem in electricalnetwor0s is 7%ite comple, re7%irin. time and e//ort to/ind appropriate strate.ies C)an.es in "olta.e ao"e or

elow t)e nominal "al%e, )as a ne.ati"e impact on t)epower .rid and cons%mers Bolta.e control is made atdi//erent le"els o/ power s#stem (transmission,distri%tion # controllin. prod%ction, cons%mption andcirc%lation o/ reacti"e power

Reacti"e power control )as as main o8ecti"esred%cin. power and ener.# losses, maintainin. "olta.ewit)in acceptale limits /or ot) /or t)e normal and t)e

emer.enc# proced%res and increasin. transport capacit#o/ t)e networ0 Reacti"e power so%rces eistin. inpower s#stems are* s#nc)rono%s compensators,capacitors an0, etc Accordin. to re.lementation inRomania as epert reacti"e power so%rces are %sedad8%stale or /ied capacitor an0s, at low or medi%m"olta.e T)e# can e located in t)e s%station on low ormedi%m "olta.e %ses or in stepdown station

Optimal reacti"e power compensation means* t)e7%antit# o/ reacti"e power to e compensated and t)edistri%tion o/ t)is 7%antit# in networ0 %ses

% Conclusionlease, /ollow o%r instr%ctions /ait)/%ll#, ot)erwise #o%)a"e to res%mit #o%r /%ll paper T)is will enale %s tomaintain %ni/ormit# in t)e con/erence proceedin.s aswell as in t)e postcon/erence l%%rio%s oo0s #

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91: I1 A%t)or, Title o/ t)e aper,International ournalof !cience and "echnology, BolI, NoI, 1JII, ppIIII

92: I2 A%t)or, "itle of the #oo$, %lis)in. Ho%se,1JII