Luca Masud IV10

8/7/2019 Luca Masud IV10

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FROM DATA TO KNOWLEDGE

visualizations as transformation processes within the d i k continuum

Luca MasudFrancesca ValsecchiPaolo CiuccarelliDonato RicciGiorgio Caviglia

densitydesign.org


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fromOvERLOAD

toRichNEss


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DiFFERENT cuLTuRAL bAcKGROuNDs

cONTRAsTiNG visiONs


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chaotic state


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des gn

e onomyp ys s

hci

n ormat onart

v sual zat onart

asualn ormat on

v sual zat onso al

s en es n ormat onaest et

s ent fv sual zat on

knowledgev sual zat on

n ormat onv sual zat on

management

ar te ture

amb entv sual zat on

stat st s

med ne

em stryn ograp s

datav sual zat on

art


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need of a simpler and shared system to create acOLLAbORATivE ENviRONMENT WiThiN DiscipLiNEs


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hOW?


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adopting an integrated perspective on data, information and knowledge


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WISDOM

KNOWLEDGE

INFORMATION

DATA

data information knowledge (wisdom) hierarchy

Ackoff (1989)


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DATA

Recordings or perception of evidence.Product of observation.It has no meaning by itself.

Ackoff (1989), Bellinger et al. (2004), Zins (2007)


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iNFORMATiON

Data that has been given meaning by way of relational connection.Does not have to be useful (for the user).



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KNOWLEDGE

Interiorization of useful information.



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ThREE TYpEs OF KNOWLEDGE

declarative (know-what)

procedural (know-how)

conditional (know-why)

Peirce (2003)


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di k from hierarchy to continuum

DATA iNFORMATiON KNOWLEDGE

Choo (1996), Bellinger et al. (2004)


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Visualizations asTRANsFORMATiON pROcEssEs

within the d i k continuum


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gathering


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gathering visualizing


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gathering visualizing creating


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consumer user fruition (not controllable)

producers design process (controllable)



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ObsERvATiONs


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ObsERvATiONs

Visualizing means ordering and creating relation within data.The artifact is always information.

Every visualization objective is generating knowledge.

Three main visualization functions.


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FromDiscipLiNEs

toTYpOLOGiEs


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ANALYTicAL visuALizATiONs

to analyse data

cOMMuNicATivE visuALizATiONs

to communicate informationFORMATivE visuALizATiONs

to transfer knowledge


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/ &FORMATIVE

VIS

&


-


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every typology has different

LANGuAGEs

usE cONTExTs

TARGETs


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ANALYTicAL visuALizATiONs


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large use of standard techniquesoptimization of precise data reading (high data reversibility)


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large use of standard techniquesoptimization of precise data reading (high data reversibility)


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TARGET

analysts, economists, managers, physicists, chemists, medicals

information consumers & presenters, informal data analysts,

sophisticated data analysts(Few 2007)


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cOMMuNicATivE visuALizATiONs


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storytelling, metaphors, illustrations


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sense-makingsensibilization


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TARGET

general user, non-expert, low level of visualization literacy


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FORMATivE visuALizATiONs


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storytelling, metaphors, illustrations


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process and context communication


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TARGET

managers, organizations employees


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iN bRiEF


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ANALYTicAL

analysts,

economists,statisticians,medicals,physics,

etc.

standard techniques

high data reversebility

target languages


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metaphors, illustrations,

storytelling

general target

target languages

cOMMuNicATivE


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Different functions means different languages and techniques.


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Different solutions suitable for different contexts and targets.


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cONcLusiONs

1 Systemic approachwith the introduction of the d i k continuum.2 Visualizations as transformation processeswithin the d i k continuum.


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cONcLusiONs

1 Systemic approachwith the introduction of the d i k continuum.2 Visualizations as transformation processeswithin the d i k continuum.3 Reasoning by aims, contexts, targets.


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cONcLusiONs

1 Systemic approachwith the introduction of the d i k continuum.2 Visualizations as transformation processeswithin the d i k continuum.3 Reasoning by aims, contexts, targets.4 Visualization tripartition: analytical , communicative, formative.


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FuTuRE WORK

Deeper study on targets and contexts.Taxonomical development of visualization techniques and languages.


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Luca Masud IV10

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