Luận văn Ảo hóa máy chủ

8/13/2019 Lun vn o ha my ch

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Nghin c u mi trng tnh ton m my v cng c qu n l

1. Gi i thi u v o ha

1.1. o ha v nh ng v n lin quan- nh ngha o ha l g?

- Tm quan tr ng ca o ha.- Qu trnh pht tri n v cc xu th hin nay trn th gi i.

1.2. Phn lo i o ha.

1.2.1. Network Virtualization ( o ha h th ng m ng)

1.2.1.1. Khi ni mChng ta thng hay ngh t i cc m ng Lan o (Vlan) khi nghe ni v o ha m ngli. Nhng y ch l mt kha c nh trong lnh vc ny. Th t ra o ha m ng phctp hn, v cc k thut v o ha trn h thng mng vn ang c pht tri n vhon thi n hn. o ha m ng, hnh dung m t cch n gin l gom cc d ch v, cc ng dng datrn nn ng i dng/my ch , a chng ln h thng mng. Sau , cc ng dng,dch v ny s c gn v cung c p vo cc knh ph h p theo nhu c u, hay ng

dng c th c i tng no yu cu s dng (Assign for request).

1.2.1.2. M hnh ho t ngC nhi u phng php thc hin vic o ha h thng mng.Cc phng php ty thu c vo cc thi t b h tr , tc l cc nh s n xut thit b , ngoi ra cn phthuc vo h tng mng sn c, cng nh nh cung c p d ch v mng (ISP).Sau chng ti s gi i thiu m hnh ho t ng ca mt vi phng php vn ang cnghin c u cng nh c trin khai b i Cisco.

1.2.1.2.1. o ha l p mng (Virtualized overlay network)Trong m hnh ny, nhi u h thng mng o s cng t n ti trn m t l p nnti nguyn dng chung. Cc ti nguyn bao gm cc thi t b mng nhRouter, Switch, cc dy truy n dn, NIC (network interface card).Vi c thit l p

nhiu h thng mng o ny s cho php s trao i thng su t gia cc h thng mng khc nhau, s dng cc giao th c v phng tin truyn ti khc

nhau, v d nh mng Internet, h thng PSTN, h thng Voip. iu ny lmtng tnh linh ng trong h thng mng, gip doanh nghi p ng i dng thot


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Hnh 1 o ha l p m ngCh thch:

Substrate link: Cc lin k t vt l nn tng. Sustrate router: Cc router v t l Virtual link v Substrate router l cc thi t b v lin k t c o ha.

1.2.1.2.2. M hnh o ha c a CiscoMt gii php v o ha h thng mng c Cisco a ra, l phn mo ha ra lm 3 khu v c, v i cc ch c nng chuyn bit. Mi khu v c s c cclin k t v i cc khu v c khc cung c p cc gi i php n tay ng i dng 1cch thng su t. C th nh sau:

Khu vc qun l truy nh p (Access Control): C nhi m v chng thcng i dng mu n ng nhp s dng ti nguyn h thng, qua ngn chn cc truy xu t khng h p l ca ng i dng; ngoi ra khu v cny cn ki m tra, xc nh n v ch ng thc vic truy xu t ca ng i dngtrong vo cc vng ho t ng (nh l VLan, Access list).

Khu vc ng dn (Path Isolation): Nhi m v ca khu v c ny lo duy tr lin l c thng qua h tng cu trc Layer 3 (t ng Network

trong m hnh OSI);

h li l i kh h h h


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(Multiprotocol Label Switching) v VRF (Virtual Routing and

Forwarding), do cn mt cu ni lin lc gia chng).o Ngoi ra, khu v c ny c nhi m v lin k t (maping) gi a cc

ng truy n dn v i cc vng ho t ng hai khu v c cnh nl Access Control v Services Edge.

Khu v c lin k t v i d ch v (Services Edge): T i y s p dng nhngchnh sch phn quy n, cng nh bo mt ng v i tng vng ho t ngc th; ng thi qua cung c p quy n truy c p n d ch v cho ngidng. Cc d ch v c th dng chia s hay phn tn, ty thu c vo mitr ng pht tri n ng dng v yu c u ca ng i dng.

Hnh 2 Ki n trc o ha m ng ca Cisco

1.2.2. Storage Virtualization ( o ha h th ng l u tr )

1.2.2.1. Khi ni m Ngy nay, nhu c u lu tr d liu ca ng i dng, doanh nghi p ngy cng tng lV hin nhin khi nhu c u y tng ln, chng ta cn mt s lng a cng tng tgng, cng v i s pht tri n dung l ng ca cc a. Do , vn b pht sinh khichng ta c qu nhi u thit b lu tr vt l cn c qun l. M c d c nhi u phng php c xut phc v cho vi c qun l ny nh RAID (Ghp nhua cng vt l thnh 1 a cng, qua gia tng tc c ghi v c kh nng chu

li cao), NAS (Network-attached storage), v SAN (Storage-area networks), vi c qunl vn r t kh khn v phc t p cao.


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Do , khi nim o ha h thng lu tr (Storage virtualiza tion) ra i. o ha h thng lu tr, v c bn l s m ph ng, gi l p vic lu tr t cc thi t b lu tr vtl.Cc thi t b ny c th l bng t, cng hay k t h p c 2 loi.

Hnh 3 o ha h thng lu tr o ha h thng lu tr mang l i cc ch l i nh vic tng tc kh nng truy xut dliu, do vi c tr i r ng v phn chia cc tc v c/vit trong m ng lu tr. Ngoi ra,vic m ph ng cc thi t b lu tr vt l cho php ti t kim thi gian hn thay v pinh v xem my ch no ho t ng trn cng no truy xu t.

1.2.2.2. M hnh ho t ng

o ha h thng lu tr c th c t chc theo ba d ng sau y:

1.2.2.2.1. Host-based

Server

a vt l

Driver cathit b

Lp o ha

Hnh 4 Host-based Storage Virtualization

Trong m hnh ny, ngn cch gia l p o ha v a vt l l driver iukhi Ph h i ( l)


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1.2.2.2.2. Storage-device-based

Server

Phn mm oha c nhngvo cng vt l

Hnh 5 Storage-device based Storage Virtualization

Trong d ng ny, ph n mm o ha giao ti p tr c ti p v i cng. Ta c th xem nh y l 1 dng firmware c bit, c ci tr c ti p vo cng. Dng ny cho

php truy xu t nhanh nh t t i cng, nhng cc thit lp thng kh khn v pctp hn cc m hnh khc. Dch v o ha c cung c p cho cc Server thng quamt thit b iu khin gi l Primary Storage Controller.

1.2.2.2.3. Network-based

Hnh 6 Network-based Storage Virtualization

Trong m hnh ny, vi c o ha s c thc thi trn m t thit b mng, yc th l mt thit b switch hay server. Cc switch/server ny k t ni v i cc trung


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trung tm d liu bng cc cng m phng do Switch/server t o ra d a trn trungtm d liu tht. y cng l m hnh hay g p nht trn th c t.

1.2.3. Application Virtualization ( o ha ng d ng)

1.2.3.1. Khi ni mThng th ng, khi mu n s dng mt phn mm no nh office, design, ngidng hay c suy ngh rng cn phi tn thi gian ci t phn mm ln trn mtnh, c th hn l ln h iu hnh ang s dng. iu ny t n kh nhi u th i gian,nht l nu p d ng trn nh ng doanh nghi p l n, c c ngn my tnh, v ng thivn qun l cc ph n mm ny nh ai truy xut, th i gian truy xu t cho php ra saotr thnh m t thch th c tht s.Do , khi nim o ha ng dng ra i. Mt ng dng c o ha s kh ng c

ci t ln my tnh m t cch thng th ng, mc d gc ng i s dng, ngdng vn hot ng mt cch bnh th ng. o ha ng dng s gip tch r i s phthuc gia nn tng phn cng, h iu hnh v ng dng v i nhau.

1.2.3.2. M hnh ho t ngC kh nhi u t chc tham gia vo qu trnh o ha ng dng v i cc m hnhkhc nhau. C th k n nh Citrix v i m hnh Application Streaming, Microsoftv i m hnh Microsoft Application Virtualization. y chng ta s tm hi u v mhnh Application Streaming c a Citrix.

Hnh 7 M hnh Application Streaming c a Citrix

K thut streaming cho php ng i qun l c th y v qun l cc ng dng trnnn tng h iu hnh Windows n bt c ng i dng no theo yu c u. C th hn

thng qua cc ng truy n d liu c dnh ring, cc ng dng c ti v thit bca ngi dng sau chy trn m t mi trng gi lp Cc thnh ph n ca h


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Application Profiler: T i y cc application c ng gi, km v i n l ccthng tin nh ti nguyn cn thit chy ng dng, cc quy t c khi tri n khaitrn thi t b ng i dng, cc thnh ph n ca ng dng

Application Hub: Sau khi c ng gi km theo cc thng tin cn thit,cc ng dng/phn mm c lu tr ti y.

Mt c im v i k thut ny l: Cc ng dng c lu tr ti b nh cc b ti ccmy tnh cu i ca ngi dng, v c s dng nh cc phn mm c ci t theocch truy n thng. Nhng tht s n khng c ci t, m l ch y trn l p m lmi tr ng o ha n m ngay trn h iu hnh.

1.2.4. o ha h th ng my ch

1.2.4.1. Khi ni m

Nh gi i thiu phn u tin, o ha h thng my ch tc l ta ti n hnh phnchia m t server thnh nhi u server o, i vi ng i s dng h nhn bit v s dngcc server o ging nh mt my v t l c lp c cc ti nguyn c n thit (b vix l, b nh , k t ni mng, ), trong khi cc server o khng h c nh ng tinguyn c lp nh vy, n ch s dng ti nguyn c gn t my ch vt l. y, bn cht A l cc server o s dng ti nguyn c a my ch vt l, b n cht B lcc server o c th hot ng nh mt server v t l c l p.o ha h thng my ch gip em li nhiu li ch, nh tng tnh di ng, d thitl p ca cc my ch o, gip vi c qun l, chia s ti nguyn t t hn, qun l lu nglm vi c ph h p v i nhu c u, d hun luyn, ci t

1.2.4.2. M hnh ho t ngXt v kin trc h thng, cc m hnh o ha h thng my ch c th hai dngHost-based ho c Hypervisor-based (cn g i l bare-metal hypervisor). Ngoi ra, ty

theo tng sn phm o ha c trin khai (nh VMWare, Microsoft HyperV, CXEN Server) m m c o ha c th s khc nhau. Cc m c o ha bao g m:

Full virtualization: H iu hnh khch (Cc h iu hnh ci trn mo) khng b thay i, v chng hot ng nh trn phn cng tht s.

Para virtualization : Cc h iu hnh khch s b thay i hot hn vi phn cng. Tuy nhin dng ny thng c hn ch l h trloi h iu hnh khch.

Emulation : Cc h iu hnh khch b thay i, nhng chng c cmt phn mm gi lp CPU vt l


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c mt ci nhn y hn, ta xem xt hai dng kin trc Host-based vHypervisor- based ca o ha h thng my ch, ng thi xem xt khHypervisor l g.

1.2.4.2.1. Hypervisor l g hiu r hn v khi ni m o ha my ch , tr c ht chng ta s tm hi u

m5t nh ngha mi, l hypervisor. Hypervisor hay cn g i l Virtual MachineMonitor (VMM), l m t l p phn mm mnggia phn cng v h iu hnh cho php cc h iu hnh qun l v s dng cc ti nguyn ph n cng cnglc.

1.2.4.2.2. Kin trc Host-basedCn gi lhosted hypervisor. Kin trc ny s dng mt lp hypervisor

trn nn tng h iu hnh, s dng cc dch v c h iu hnh c phn chia ti nguyn ti cc my o. Ta xem hypervisor ny l mt lp phring bit, do th cc h iu hnh khch ca my o s nm trn lp t phn cng my ch.

Hnh 8 Ki n trc Host-based

Ta c th thy, m t h thng o ha s dng kin trc Host- based c chialm 4 l p hot ng nh sau: Nn tng phn cng: Bao g m cc thi t b nh p xut, thit b lu tr (Hdd,

Ram), b vi x l CPU, v cc thi t b khc (cc thi t b mng, vi x l ha,m thanh)

H iu hnh Host: H iu hnh ny th c hin vic lin l c tr c ti p v i phn


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H thng virtual machine monitor (hypervisor) : ch y trn n n tng h iuhnh host, cc h thng ny l y ti nguyn v d ch v do h iu hnh hostcung c p, thc hin vic qun l, phn chia trn cc ti nguyn ny.

Cc ng dng my o: S dng ti nguyn do hypervisor qu n l.

Mt s h thng hypervisor d ng Hosted c th k n nh VMware ServVMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual Server

1.2.4.2.3. Hypervisor-basedCn gi l bare-metal hypervisor . Trong kin trc ny, lp phn m

hyperv isor chy trc tip trn nn tng phn cng ca my ch, khng bt k mt h iu hnh hay mt nn tng no khc. Qua , cc hypervikh nng iu khin, kim sot phn cng ca my ch. ng thi, n c

nng qun l cc h iu hnh chy trn n. Ni cch khc, cc h ichy trn mt lp nm pha trn cc hypervisor dng bare-metal. Hnh v sau minh ha c th hn cho vn ny:

Hnh 9 Ki n trc Hypervisor-based

Ta c th thy, mt h thng o ha my ch s dng nn tng Bare-metal

hypervisor bao g m 3 l p chnh: Nn tng phn cng: Bao g m cc thi t b nh p xut, thit b lu tr

(Hdd, Ram), b vi x l CPU, v cc thi t b khc (cc thi t b mng, vi

x l ha, m thanh)

L p nn tng o ha Virtual Machine Monitor (cn g i l hypervisor),thc hin vic lin l c tr c ti p v i nn tng phn cng pha d i, qun


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Cc ng dng my o: Cc my o ny s ly ti nguyn t phn cng,

thng qua s c p pht v qu n l c a hypervisor.

Mt s v d v cc h thng Bare- metal hypervisor nh l: Oracle VVMware ESX Server, IBM's POWER Hypervisor (PowerVM), Microsoft's Hyper-

V (xut xng thng 6 nm 2008), Citrix XenServer

1.3. Gi i hn ph m vi nghin c u- Phm vi nghin c u l g- Ti sao quan tm n vn

1.4. Nh ng nghin c u lin quan hi n c v so snh- OpenNebula-

2. Mi tr ng o ha (trong ph m vi 1.3)- Ti sao quan tm n cc mi tr ng ny- Gi i thiu tn cc mi tr ng. (mi tr ng m )

2.1. Gi i thi u Gi i thiu cc mi tr ng o ha ph bin hin nay. a ra cc m hnh c th s dng. L p bng so snh tnh ch t gia cc mi tr ng o ha. La chn mi tr ng tt nht tin hnh tri n khai ci t.


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Tnh

chtVMWare Server Citrix XenServer KVM

Bn quyn Free

Free

Tuy nhin, khng ph i tt c cc tnh

nng u c min ph. Phin b n min

ph s khng c cng c Workflow

Studio - cng c lin k t cc tc v t

ng trn my ch , v StorageLink -cng c cho php ng i qun tr tr cti p s dng cc my o. c th c c cc cng c ny, ng i dng c n

phi mua cc ph n mm mt ph c a

Citrix v i gi kho ng 1500 la v i phin b n Enterprise v 5000 la cho phin b n Platinum.

Free

Loi

hypervisor

H tr c Hosted Hypervisor l nBare-metal hypervisor

Bare-metal hypervisor Hosted Hypervisor

Cng ngh

o hoFull Virtualization / Para Virtualization ParaVirtualization Full Virtualization

S my o /

my ch

100 my

(ph thuc vo c u hnh ph n cng)4 my 5 my

c im- i v i Hosted Hypervisor: Chy trn h

iu hnh Windows ho c Linux. iu - c ci t tr c ti p trn ph n c ng my ch .iu ny c ngha l XEN i hi mt phn

- Chy trn n n h i u hnh Linux


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c ngha bn c th s dng cc ng dngang tn ti v ch y VMware Server cngv i nhng g b n ang thc hin. V ncung c th chy bt k phn cng no lh iu hnh Windows ho c Linux c a bnh tr .

-

i v

i Bare-metal Hypervisor: Chytrn ph n cng my ch mi. iu cngha l bn cn phi xa t t c cc ngdng v d liu trn my tnh ci tVMWare.

cng tr ng hon ton. Chnh v iu ny mem li hiu sut ti a do chy tr c ti p trn

phn cng.

Cu hnh t i

thiu cit

Ph n c ng:- CPU Pentium Pro, Celeron, PII, PIII,

AMD K6-2, K6-III, Athlon ho c tngng, tc 266Mhz ho c cao hn. - RAM 1G.

- a cng cn tr ng 50Mb ( installVMWare) + 500Mb cho m i my khch.

- Card mn hnh h tr 256 mu.

Ph n c ng:- Yu c u h tr 64 bit v o ho.

Phn c ng:- 64bit, h tr o ho.- Nu mu n s dng nhi u hn 2G RAM ch

o, cn h tr 64bit

Phn m m:

- Cc h iu hnh WindownServer:Windows NT 4.0 (Workstation

hoc Server) + Service Pack 3,4,5 ho c 6;

Windows 2000 Professional ho c Server,

Phn m m:

- Khng i hi phn mm h tr km theono.

Phn m m:

Khng i hi phn mm h tr km theo no.


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v.v. Hoc h i u hnh Linux- IE 4.0 ( c file Help).

H tr

- H iu hnh: Windown, Linux, Unix,Mac, Vista.

- H tr 2 CPU trn m t my o v h tr h iu hnh 64bit cho my o.

- H tr cc thi t b USB 2.0- H tr nhiu mn hnh Ta c th thitlp mt VM tr i r ng ra nhi u mnhnh, ho c nhiu VM, v i mi VM trnmt mn hnh ring bi t.

- H iu hnh: Linux 2.4 v 2.6, NetBSD,FreeBSD

- H tr cc dng CPU x86, x86-64, IA64

- H i u hnh:Linux, FreeBSD, BSDSolaris, Windows, Haiku, ReactOS, Mac OS X

M hnh

kin trc

Hypervisor

Hn ch

- Vmware ch hot ng t t trn mitr ng Linux. V i Window VMWare ho tng khng t t lm b i performent c aWindow khng n nh.- Dng Hosted Hypervisor c a VMWare

- Ch c th ch y trn m t s ph n c ng no m n h tr .


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c hiu su t khng t t b ng XEN do ch y

bn trong h iu hnh ch .

Performance


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2.2. Mi tr ng o ha XENServer- XenServer l s n phm ca d n pht tri n m ngu n m Xen, c hng XenSource

thc hin t nm 2002. n nm 2007, hng Citrix mua li XenSource v v th sn phmny tr thnh c a Citrix. XenServer s dng cng ngh paravirtualization, cho phpiu hnh cu my o (hay cn g i l h iu hnh guest OS) c th tng tc v i l p oha tng hiu qu v tc my o. S dng paravirtualization c th mang l i tc hot ng nhanh hn, nhng yu cu h iu hnh c a my o ph i c h tr mt s tnhnng lin quan n o ha.

- Xen h tr cc ch c nng sau: o My o v i hiu sut gn v i cc ph n cng.o H tr nhiu my o trn m t my v t l.

2.2.1. M hnh ho t ng

Hinh2.1: C u trc c a Xen

- Vi chng trnh o ha Xen cho server hay gi i php o ha desktop, m t l p phn mmmng ( c bit n nh l Xen Hypervisor) c ci t tr c ti p ln cc thi t b phncng, n l cng c giao ti p gia cc thi t b my ch v h thng h iu hnh t th p vgn cc ho t ng dnh cho du khch.

2.2.2. Tng quan ki n trc c a XENServer Kin trc h thng


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2.2.3. Cc ch c nng chnh Qun l b nh B vi x l Thit b nh p xut

3. Cng c qu n l o ha

- Lit k m t s cng c qun l o ha m mnh quan tm (m ngu n m ), a ra lachn.

3.1. Gi i thi u- Gi i thiu cc trnh qu n l c h tr trong cng c o ha:

Scheduler Drivers Start & Stop openNebula Adding & deleting (users/host)

3.2. Cc trnh qu n l Nu c im, m t c ch hot ng ca cc trnh qu n l m c nh v

cc trnh qu n l khc c th tch h p thay th .

3.3. Chc nng cng c qu n l m rng- L p bng danh sch cc ch c nngcn c ca trnh qu n l. Phn lo i chc nng no sn

c v ch c nng no l m r ng.- Phn chia 2 giai on: chc nng ti thiu v ch c nngm r ng. Nh m nh gi chc

nng m r ng no c th p ng c trong ph m vi ti, ch c nng no dnh cvic m r ng sau ny.

4. Phn tch thi t k cng c m rng- Ch ni n phn tch

4.1. Phn tch thi t k giao di n.

4.2. S l p

5. Ph lc- H ng dn ci t.- Cc li pht sinh c n lu trong qu trnh ci t.

6. Ti li u tham kh o[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor

[2] http://blog.virtualcomputer.com/virtualization/why-bare-is-better/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://blog.virtualcomputer.com/virtualization/why-bare-is-better/http://blog.virtualcomputer.com/virtualization/why-bare-is-better/http://blog.virtualcomputer.com/virtualization/why-bare-is-better/http://blog.virtualcomputer.com/virtualization/why-bare-is-better/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor


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[3] http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8709

[4] www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/
http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8709http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8709http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8709http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8709

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