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P Veratec .Box 20 (717)524-2281me a e Lewtsburg, PA 17837-0020 FAX: (717) 524-8447

September 24, 1991

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionATTN: Mr. Anthony S. KirkwoodRegion 1475 Allendale RoadKing of Prussia, PA 19406-1415

Dear Mr. Kirkwood:

In response to your letter dated August 30, 1991.(Docket #030-32156, Control #114425), I have found out thefollowing information:

1. The worst case scenario for changing a windowwould be on one of our LFE Beta Gauges (Source=1200mCi Kr-85). This data is given by BillPrendergast, LFE Radiation Safety Officer. Worstcase is represented by having a new source withhands in contact with the housing. Over a periodof five minutes an employee would be exposed to 10mRem of gamma and X-rays. Bill feels that thistime sufficiently covers the employee exposurelevel.

The body exposure, when considering a new sourceat a distance of one foot, would be 1 mRem ofgamma and X-rays.

Note that in both cases there would not be anyBeta radiation present since the source shutterwould be closed. Also, for the purposes offiguring employee exposure, one can assume onewindow change per individual per quarter year.Note, however, that this frequency represents avalue much higher than past history has accountedfor.

2. This response deals with an additional means toassure that the gauge shutters are closed prior toperforming maintenance on the gauges (in additionto the green indicator light). In talking to BillPrendergast, he stated that the LFE's have aviewing port to ensure that the shutter is closed.However, Don Stephens (Accuray Radiation SafetyOfficer) stated that the Accuray's are notequipped with any such devices.

an INTERNATIONAL&PAPER company

OFFICIAL RECORD COPY Ad 10 'ior J ( 199k

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Page Two

Therefore, in order to have an uniform method todouble check if our shutters are closed, I offerthe following (the method that Accuray service-man are taught).

Veratec will purchase a Geiger counter (which willbe calibrated on an annual basis) to double checkif the shutter is closed. We will then set up andenforce a policy which will not allow ourauthorized employees to do minor gauge maintenanceunless the Geiger counter reading is less than aspecified value. At a given distance thisspecified value and specified distances will beobtained by conversations with Bill Prendergastand Don Stephens, accompanied by data from ourtypical readings.

3. The responsible individual for Veratec is JeffreyLoss, acting in the capacity of Radiation SafetyOfficer, (note that J.Ernest Rogers and ScottNeuhard will also be able to perform minor main-tenance. Their qualifications were included inthe last letter).

The training for the Radiation Safety Officerincludes a two day course taught by Bill Prender-gast, LFE Radiation Safety Officer. There were 29different topics taught during this course(syllabus attached). However, I cannot give you arealistic estimate of the time spent on theindividual topics, other than it took two fulldays. This training dealt with both hands-on andtheory. The competency of the students waschecked by both demonstrating a "hands-on" windowchange and a written test (test enclosed).

Other qualifications for the responsible individ-ual include a Bachelor of Science Degree in Elec-trical Engineering from the Pennsylvania StateUniversity. This includes a 3.0 credit course inNuclear Physics. Also, I have attended a 40 hourcourse in Gauge Maintenance and Safety at LFE.Note, however, that this course was related mainlyto items not included within the scope of thislicense application.

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14

Training for the other two responsible individuals include thesame two day course taught by Bill Prendergast. This is the samecourse that Bill uses for all specific license applications. Also,they have both attended a 40 hour course at LFE dealing with gaugemaintenance and a 160 hour course at Accuray dealing with the sametopic.

4~~~' A-Rw4/59Jeffrey LossRSOSenior Maintenance Engineer

James IsraelsonPlant Engineer

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C Trir I CIlJf TYLJAT JEFFREY W. LOSS

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SUCCESSFULLY COaV=D A 16 irOURINCIDD WERE:

STRUUCMTRE OF THlE ATOMME ELUMIdPRINCILES OF RADIOACTIVITYxPROM1)CTION OF X-RAYSCHACTERISTICS OF RADIOISOIOPESINTERACTION WITR MATTERRADIOACrIVE DECAYUNITS OF RADIOACTIVITYDESIGN OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCESVIMT=ION OF RADIATIONJDE¶IcON STATIS17CSCOUNTrn EFFICIEtCYFRITICIPL; OF RADIATION GAUG2IG

COURSE IN RADIATION TECHNOLOGY . SUWJECTS

GEIGER TUBE SURVEY METERUNITS OF RADIATION EXPOSUREION CIAMER SURVEY METERLICENSIGNRC ANIS ACREENT STATESSOURCE CIFECICEGPROTECTION AGAINST RADIATIONBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATIONRADIATION SAFETY OFFICERTRAIISPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALCALIBRATION OF SURVEY METERSEMERG3ENCY PROCEDURESREPORMlG INCIDENMS

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1,ewisburg, Pennsylvania

November 6 and 7, 1990

Wiliamn R. Prendergast URadiation Safety OfficerLFE Corporation

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THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT SCOTT D. NEUHARD

SUCCESSFluLLY COmIPLE¶D A i6 HOUR COURSE IN RADIATION TECIIOLOGY. SUWEPJEINLUD~fED WERE:

UCI1IRE OF THE AT(Cf GEIGER MUBE SURVEY MEMERELEF2NTS UNITS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE

iCnPLM OF RADIOACTIVITY ION CHAMBER SURVEY METR11CTION OF X-RAYS LICE2SI2NutACTRISTICS OF RADIOISO0OPES NRC AND AGMR4ET STATESRACTION WITH MATTER SOURCE CIECCENG:OACTI DEY PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATIONIS OF RADIOACTIVITY BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION'GN OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES RADIATION SAFETY OFFICERMTION OF RADIATION TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACI MATERIALMTION STATISTICS CALIBRATION OF SURVEY MEIERS71 EF:ICIIENCY * EIEIICElCY PROCEDURESCI 7LES OF RADIATION GAUING REPORTG IttCIDENTS

ESENTED AT:

IATEC __._ _ 'A___________________qisburg, Pennsylvania Willinm R. Prendergast

Radiation Safety Officervember 6 and 7, 1990 ' LFE Corporation

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SUCCESSFULLY COMPED A 16INCILED WERE:

HOU}R COURSE IN RADIATION TECHULOGY. SUBECTS

CSTRUCTRE OF TEE ATOMnflE ELE 1'PRINCIPLFS OF RADIOACTI`VI¶YPIiODCTION OF X-RAYSCHARACTUERISTICS OF RADIOISOTOPESINTERACTION WIHI MA1RADIOACTIE DECAYUNITS OF RADIOACTIVITYDEMIGN OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCESDEIECTON OF RADIA1IONDEECTION STATISTICSOUMTN EFFICE:NCYPRINCIflS OF RADIATION GAMMIG

GEIGER TUBE SURVEY MEUNITS OF RADIATION EXPOSUREION CIIEIR SURVEY METERLICErJSINGNRC ANID AGREaENT STATESSOURCE CIEEC=CtGPROTECTION AGAINST RADIATIONBIOLOGICAL EtFXFCTSS OF RADIATIONRADIATION SAFETY OFFICERTRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALCAtlATION OF SURVEY METERSFIIEROENCY PROCEwDRESREPORTfl flJCIDEN7S

PRESENTED AT:t;! %.e R, 111�? t , -, %I � .--.. I , -, 1 --;4VERATEC

Lewlsburg, Pennsylvania Willimcu R. Prendergnst '

Radiation Snfety OfficerLFE CorporationNovember 6 ani 7, 1990

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Name: U6rrARTY L,6 5 .I -

Date: 9ay. 7a..... 1

LFE CORPORATION

RADIATION TECHNOLOGY

FINAL EXAMINATION

1. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does an atom of Krypton-85 possess?

Protons _____ Neutrons 4 9 Electrons _____

2. Balance the following nuclear equations:

a. 1 l 327+2 >- 15 P30 + wV 0 N,i2N14-HIz

b. 7 -- 6 1 + 2Hx4

e He Cc. 16 32 +Ol1_. IS 1 2 +11~

d. 4 Be9 + 2 e4 6C12 + O_ A|/,

e. 7 N 14 N + el 6C14 + H

3. A certain gamma source produces a radiation field of 100 mr/hr at adistance of one meter. What is the radiation field at a distance of5 meters? (lou X

T 'Ji''. AT 5 _ 4 'Y / -4. The half life of the source of problem 3 is one year. What will be the

radiation field one year from now at a distance of 5 meters?

5. The present activity of a certain radioactive source is 6.0 curies andits half life is 2 years. What will be the activity 5 years from now?

6. The present activity of a certain radioactive source is 2.0 curies. Howmany disintegrations per second are occurring?

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7. An ionization chamber with a perfectly flat (horizontal) plateau isexposed to a constant radiation field and the anode voltage is adjustedto the center of the plateau. If the anode voltage is increased slightly,will the ionization chamber current increase, decrease, or remain unchanged?

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8. Assume that the energy required to ionize an atom of argon gas is 32 electronvolts. A beta particle with energy of 64,000 electron volts enters anionization chamber filled with argon gas. What is the maximum number of ionpairs that could be produced by the beta particle if all its energy is expendedon ionizing the argon gas?

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9. A beta gauge is used to measure the thickness of plastic film. Does exposureto the beta radiation make the plastic film radioactive?

NO10. A strontium-90 radioactive source (beta) is enclosed in a steel container

with walls k inch thick. Will the radiation outside the container be beta,X-ray, neutron or alpha radiation?

X-RAY11. The radiation level at a work station from a gamma source is 100 mr/hr.

With a shield of ¼ inch of lead the radiation level is reduced to 22 mr/hr.What thickness of lead shield is required to reduce the radiation level atthe work~szaZIDnsL 2 mr/hr_ _

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12. When calibrated with a Stront standard source of .005 microcuries,a geiger tube survey meter reads 2000 counts per minute. A vipeftakenfrom a Strontium-90 sealed source produces 850 counts per minute with thesame meter. Is the sealed source considered to be leaking?Explain your answer.

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13. A radiation field at a work station consists of a mixture of gamma radiationand X-rays. You must survey the area and estimate the potential personnelexposure. For this purpose which type of survey meter would you choose- a geiger tube survey meter or an air ionization chamber survey meter?Explain your answer.

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14. A radiation worker who is 35 years old has a cumulative lifetime exposureof 21,500 millirems. During the quarter just completed his radiationexposure was 1850 millirems. Is this exposure within the limits prescribedby NRC and State regulations? Explain your answer.

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15. A survey of radiation workers is perrmed. Whole-ody radiation exposurefrom a gamma source is determined to be 235 millirems per quarter. UnderNRC and State regulations, are personnel monitors required? Explain your

answer. / <. Be (I, 5 ^ To It t ^

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16. On June 15, 1985 the activity of a radioactive source is measured and foundto be 1.00 curie. On June 15, 1986 it is found to be 0.95 curie. On June15, 1987 it is found to be 0.90 curie. What is the half life of theradioactive material?

17. You must perform a leak test on a sealed source whose radioactive materialemits beta and gamma rays. You decide to use the wipe test method. Foranalyzing the wipe, which type of survey meter would you choose - air ioniza-tion chamber or geiger tube? Explain you answer.Guc h In C. 4r lP 7; i I ')' 1 I'S I-)'s. > ,l( -> ! --, ,_ --

18. What is the radiation level in mr/hr from an unshielded source of Cesium-137with an activity of 1.0 curie at a distance of 2 meters from the source?

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19. How many electrons are there in th fl-tintium (Sr)?

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20. Your company is an NRC or Agreement State licensee using a gamma gauge forthickness measurement. A fire occurs involving the gauge. Property damageis $5000 and lost operation time amounts to two days. Within what time periodmust the NRC or Agreement State be notified?

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'29?A 1 Cod {s sLFE CORPORATION

RADIATION TECHNOLOGY COURSE

PREPARED FOR

VERATEC

LEWISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA

1) The Structure of the Atom

Fundamental particles - electrons, protons, neutronsThe NucleusElectron ShellsThe ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements

2) Atomic Characteristics

Atomic NumberMass NumberIsotopesNuclidesChart of NuclidesIsotopic Behavior

3) Radioactivity

Neutron-Proton RationNuclear DisintegrationProperties of RadioisotopesAlpha RadiationBeta RadiationGamma RadiationElectron CaptureSequential DecayEquilibrium

4) Characteristics of X-rays

Production of X-RaysContinous Spectrum (Bremsstrahlung)Characteristic X-RaysFluorescence

)

5) Production of Radioisbotopes

Neutron BombardmentTransmutationNeutron CaptureFission ProductsDaughter ProductsAccelerator Produced

6) Half Life of Radioisotopes

DefinitionGeneral FormulaUse of Semilog Graph Paper

7) Energy Level

Relative Penetrating Power of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma RadiationThe Electron VoltKinetic Energy of ParticlesPhoton Energy

8) Interaction of Beta Radiation with Matter

Interaction with NucleusInteraction with Orbital ElectronsRange of Beta ParticlesAbsorption Characteristics

9) Interaction of Photons with Matter

Photoelectric EffectCompton ScatteringPair ProductionPhoton AbsorptionGeneral Absorption Formula

10) Units of Radioactivity

Disintegration RateThe CurieThe Millicurie and MicrocurieBecquerel

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1I) Detection of Radiation r

Ionization of GasesThe Ion ChamberProportional CounterGeiger TubeCharacteristics of DetectorsDead Time (Resolving Time)Photographic FilmThermoluminescent DevicesScintillation Detectors

12) Principles of Radiation Gauging

Fundamental Absorption EquationBasic Gauging SystemDensity GaugeLevel GaugeWeight or Thickness GaugeBackscatter Gauge

13) Geiger Tube Survey Meter

DescriptionEnergy ResponseTime ConstantsUse of this MeterHands-on Training

14) Units of Radiation

RoentgenRadRem

15) Ion Chamber Survey Meter

DescriptionEnergy ResponseTime ConstantsUse of this MeterHands-on Training

16) Output of Gamma Sources

Typical Output of Selected SourcesCalculationsInverse Square Law

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17) Licensing

General Discussion of LicensingFederal and State RegulationsGeneral LicensingSpecific LicensingLicense ApplicationAgreement States

18) Standards for Protection Against Radiation

10 CFR Part 20Agreement State RegulationsRadiation Surveys

19) Other Important Regulations

10 CFR Part 1910 CFR Part 21

20) Principles of Protection Against Radiation

Film BadgeTLD DetectorsDosimetersProtective EquipmentTime, Distance, Shielding

21) Biological Effects of Radiation

Acute EffectsChronic EffectsRegulatory Guide 8.13Regulatory Guide 8.29Natural Background Radiation

22) Dcsign of Radioactive Sources

EncapsulationSpecial FormANSI Standard

23) Testing of Sealed Sources

Wipe TestLeak StandardsAnalysis of WipeRecordsFrequency of TestHands-on TrainingLeak Test Kits

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24) Emergency Procedures

Isolating AreaSurveyDecontaminationDisposal

25) Incidents

DefinitionsReporting

26) The Radiation Safety Officer

ResponsibilitiesAuthorityInterfacing with Requlatory Authorities

27) Radiation Gauges

Typical ConstructionContainmentShuttersSourcesKrypton-85The LFE GaugeTypical Radiation LevelsThe Detection System

28) Other Radiation Applications

Density GaugesLevel GaugesX-Ray FluorescenceActivation AnalysisSmoke DetectorsStatic EliminatorsSterilization

29) Hands-On Training

Device with Dummy SourceSource Housing Window ReplacementDetector Housing Window ReplacementShutter and Indicator Check and RepairSource Removal and Replacement

William R. PrendergastRadiation Safety OfficerLFE CorporationOctober 25, 1990

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