LTE EPC: Drivers and Benefits of Pre-Integrated...

OverviewMarket Trends—Mobile has become the preferred source of information sharing and there is a continuous launch of new and exciting bandwidth savvy multimedia applications. Applications like interactive TV, mobile video blogging, advanced games, high definition multimedia, broadcast TV applications etc require very high bandwidths and minimized latency in order to give a great user experience. These and many more innovative rich media applications have created the need for LTE which is expected to offer uplink and downlink data speeds of 50mbps and 100 mbps respectively. LTE offers many unique advantages including increased peak data rates, increased cell edge performance, reduced latency and lower cost per gigabyte. LTE is also expected to cater to the broadband market, in the short-run, primarily through fixed technologies, since it can offer competitive data rates and help operators increase their subscriber bases. LTE provides an easy migration path and is the common destination for both 3GPP and CDMA operators. It offers a big step towards the next generation of mobile technologies commonly referred to as 4G. LTE brings convergence among multiple technologies and offers unique cost advantages for operators by reducing their CAPEX and OPEX.

CONTENTS

The OEM Challenges & Requirements pg. 2

Traffic Model pg. 4

Radisys LTE Ready Platform pg. 5

OEMs Benefits from Radisys/Aricent/6WIND Offering pg. 7

Glossary pg. 10

References pg. 10

White Paper | November 2009

LTE EPC: Drivers and Benefits of Pre-Integrated Frameworks

2LTE EPC: Drivers and Benefits of Pre-Integrated Frameworks | Radisys White Paper

Early LTE deployments are expected to start from year 2010 with Verizon, NTT Docomo, Teliasonera, Telenor, being the first ones. According to GSA report, there have been 39 operator commitments for LTE worldwide. This number is expected to grow drastically over the next 5 years as LTE is the most preferred option available for operators to cater to the ever growing subscriber demands related to higher data rates.

However, there are impediments that could impact LTE deployments all over the world. LTE is a new and complex technology and requires huge investments from OEMs. It is estimated that to build LTE nodes from scratch OEMs need at least 18-24 months to take it through different stages of development, integration, testing, lab trials, field trials etc. The nodes could require prohibitive investments of the order of hundreds of million dollars. Due to the recent economic downturn, most players have cut down their R&D investments and this is certainly affecting the LTE plans for many vendors. Many leading OEMs have delayed their development plans and are looking at alternatives to in-house development. Cost optimization is a key criteria on everyone’s mind. Many OEMs are forming alliances in order to divide investments and create joint solutions. Product managers worldwide are facing the double edged sword—on one hand the demand for greater data rate support is increasing ,thereby, driving Service Provider urgency for introducing LTE, and on the other hand R&D budgets are shrinking due to the current economic climate.

The OEM Challenges & RequirementsDevelopment of LTE infrastructure is faced with a number of challenges & requirements. The following section lists some of the major ones faced by OEMs in meeting the needs of the operators.

Time to MarketAs subscribers become more application savvy and show increasing readiness to consume new services that demand bandwidth and quality of experience, Service Providers see both an opportunity and threat. Opportunity to increase ARPU (Average Revenue Per Unit) by deployment of new services and threat in that if they don’t deploy new capacity and offer these services in time, competition will “eat their cake”! This is driving operators to shorten time-to-market as they want to be the first to launch and experiment with the higher bandwidth services and hence pushing OEMs for the same. According to the GSA report, 14 LTE networks are targeting to be in service by end of 2010. Most OEMs are still recovering from the economic turmoil and have cut down their R&D spending. In this situation, it seems highly unlikely that OEMs (except Tier-1s) will be able to deliver workable LTE solutions within the required timelines—especially if they start from scratch. These OEMs are looking for alternate solutions which would help them plug-in timelines mismatch and also reduce the level of investments required. Using pre-integrated frameworks based on building blocks that allow the required scalability and flexibility can help fill this gap provided the solutions have been benchmarked for required performance on leading edge silicon technologies. Such a solution would not only drastically reduce OEM delivery timelines but also help them focus their effort on their application strengths and value adds.


Traffic Rising/Revenue Falling

40x-100x Traffic Increase

Which May Need to beSupported Across Many

Frequency Bands

Time

Traffic

Revenues

Revenue & Traffic

De-Coupled

LTE is Needed to Accommodate Huge Traffic Growth

Figure 1.

Reduced Initial InvestmentWhile the data traffic through Telecom Service Provider networks is increasing exponentially, the ARPU is getting flatter. See Figure 1 from GSA.

Monetizing the network expansion is challenging for the Service Providers. The resulting CAPEX constraints mandate OEMs to build more flexible and scalable solutions that can initially be deployed to cater to thousands of subscribers and then scaled up according to market requirements. While LTE deployments are expected to start in 2010, the real growth in subscribers is expected over the next 3-4 years. According to Juniper research, there will be 100 million LTE subscribers by year 2014. This is driving the requirement for initially co-located LTE EPC nodes serving a limited set of users, and can later expand to meet subscriber growth. These nodes shall be distributed over a period of time as demand for bandwidth increases. Distributed EPC nodes shall also offer better coverage and geographical redundancy. The co-located and distributed nodes shall serve the same areas and would keep expanding from the existing deployments.

Interop with Legacy NetworksOEMs need to ensure that the new LTE nodes they are building are interoperable with legacy network nodes. The MME (Mobility Management Entity) within LTE EPC infrastructure, must be able to handle the subscriber context as she moves from a routing area of 2G/3G network to LTE . Also if the subscriber is expecting to connect to one APN (Access Point Name) operators may want a single PGW (Packet Gateway) to act as GGSN. The PGW will also need to serve as APN when requested by a SGSN while acting as a PGW when requested by SGW (LTE EPC Element: Serving Gateway). The EPC elements therefore must allow seamless interoperability with legacy 2G/3G core networks as well as CDMA networks.

Voice and SMS SupportEven though many operators are betting on LTE to be initially deployed for only data services, operators are still not ready to deploy a network that would not serve the cash-cow services like voice and SMS. There are multiple options for supporting voice and SMS such as Circuit Switched Fallback, VoIP (requiring IMS infrastructure) and VoLGA (native voice solution for LTE). OEM solution that demonstrates either one or more of these options for supporting voice capability is likely to be viewed favorably by the operators.

Need for Modular— Customizable Building BlocksWhile OEMs have most value add in the application space, they often have advanced proprietary elements developed/maintained for differentiation in the market. In some cases, Service Provider may have a network specific requirement. For example, some operators may want to add their own piece of software for the network access functionality or for billing. So a modular & flexible building block base is important to allow the OEM to replace specific layers as necessary.

Common Solution for Different Subscriber Usage NeedsHaving different solutions for different deployment nodes can be a very expensive for both OEMs & Service Providers both from development and support standpoint. The solution should be flexible to allow scalability for high density urban areas while at the same time offering cost-effective solution for low density/rural areas.


Traffic ModelAs per the market data, the wireless data traffic is continuously rising but the revenues from data traffic are not increasing at the same level. Cisco predicts that the biggest driver for the traffic increase will come from video traffic, which will account for roughly 64% of all mobile data traffic in 2013. In 2008, video traffic averaged around 13,000 TB per month, or roughly 39% of all mobile traffic. Cisco projects that by 2013, video traffic will increase by more than 100 times and will average around 1.3 million TB per month. A study by mobile browser developer Opera Software showed that data traffic sent to mobile phones jumped 463% in November 2008 as compared with November 2007, and that page views on mobile devices were up by 303% over the same period.

About 10 percent of mobile users—who are often players of bandwidth-intense video games or music and movie pirates—account for 80 percent of the data traffic, according to operators. In France, dongles and the expanded use of smart phones caused data traffic on SFR’s mobile network to increase tenfold last year while revenues increased 30 percent, Allemand said.

Traffic patternsTo understand the deployment requirements, for simplicity, traffic patterns may be studied within the context of two major segments:

• High data user density for network nodes in concentrated subscriber area (such as large cities)

• Low data user density for wider area (such as rural/remote areas)

Data Used for the Traffic ModelFor the purpose of studying/analyzing the requirements we have to make several assumptions to estimate traffic through the LTE nodes.

The remaining analysis is based on Cisco VNI projections [VNI Forecast from Jan 29, 2009]: [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html], Analysys Research Report (January 2008), and UMTS Forum February 2009 White paper on Mobile Broadband Evolution: HSPA to LTE.

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TB/M

onth

131% CAGR 2008-2013Middle East and AfricaCentral Eastern EuropeLatin AmericaJapanAsia PacificWestern EuropeNorth America

Figure 3. Source: Cisco, 2009

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

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t: 25x T

raffic I

ncrea

se

Forecast: 2x Traffic IncreaseForecast: 2x Traffic Increase

Figure 4. Sources: Cisco, from Operators’ network data and Analysts, 2008; Informa, 2008; and Pyramid, “Mobile data revenue will double by 2012,” Dan Locke, Analyst Insight, 4/2008.

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

TB/M

onth

131% CAGR 2008-2013DataP2PVideoAudio

Figure 2. For more details, see Appendix B: Forecast and Methodology. Source: Cisco, 2009


As per the forecast, 0.5 Million Terabytes of mobile download traffic per month is estimated (worldwide) by year 2011. Roughly about 20% of the traffic (based on UMTS Forum White paper—Feb 2008) is expected to go through LTE networks in this timeframe [0.1M Terabytes]. Assuming 80% of the traffic happens in 20% of the hours/day, that gives us 4.8 hours as the peak download time per day. We get the data throughput through the LTE networks of about 0.1 x 106 *8*0.8/(4.8*30*3600) = 1.23 Terabits/sec. Now, an estimated 4 million mobile subscribers will be on LTE infrastructure by 2011. This brings average data traffic to 0.30 Mbps/subscriber.

High Density—Concentrated AreaThis pattern would be most common in a Metro or Tier-1 city deployment. Based on data from GSA forecasts, we assume 40 LTE network installations by 2011. And from analyst projections and other references the subscriber & data traffic growth projections are assumed to be doubling every year.

• Trial/Early Deployment (Base year 2011) About 300,000 subscribers per installation. With a peak data rate of 0.30Mbps, this means that LTE packet core (EPC) node would need to support about 90Gbps.

• Next 24 months (Yr 2013): With double subscriber/yr (1.2M) and data traffic growth (1.20Mbps), the traffic per installation will need to accommodate, 1.4 Tbps of data throughput.

On a per installation subscriber base, we draw the line here as, based on history, typical range of subscribers afforded by operators on a given installation is about 1-2M (risk considered very high beyond that point).

In this deployment, it would be expected that the EPC will be deployed in at least 2 locations in order to maintain redundancy.

Low LTE Density—Wider AreaThis pattern would be most common in low awareness wide area consisting of a couple of Tier-2/Tier-3 cities or the countryside.

• Trial/Early Deployment: 35,000 subscribers with average data usage of 0.3 Mbps driving about 10.5Gbps per installation.

• Next 24 months (Yr 2013): 140K subscribers and 1.2Mbps per subs. Total peak traffic that each installation will need to support = 168Gps

Radisys LTE Ready PlatformRadisys/Aricent/6WIND offer a joint pre-integrated pre-optimized EPC solution that delivers substantial time and cost savings to OEMs in building LTE EPC nodes. The solution includes Radisys industry leading Promentum ATCA platform for packet processing with latest Intel & Cavium Octeon multicore, Aricent LTE ready frameworks for EPC nodes powered by 6WINDGate Linux based packet processing framework (IP Control Plane protocols, hardened Linux networking stack and high performance Fast Path).

Radisys offers the broadest portfolio of ATCA products that includes switching, x86 based, packet processing and media processing boards with latest silicon technologies to deliver optimal configurations for LTE EPC. Radisys ATCA Application ready platform also includes integrated chassis, OS, diagnostics,

System Manager

PMIP v6 (S5, S2a)eGTP Cv1 & Cv2 STACKS

(Gn, S5, S11, S4),Diameter Stacks

(Gx, Gv, Gz, SGi, S6b)

eGTP Cv1 & Cv2 STACKS (Gn, S10, S11, S3 Sv, s101),

Diameter Stacks (S6a, S13, DNS, DDDS, S1AP,

SgsAP, SBcAP)

NAS

BladeManagement

Control Plane(Routing, IKE…)

OS NetworkingStack

Radisys IntegratedPlatform: HW BBs,

System Manager, HA, OS

6WINDGatePacket Processing

Aricent LTEFramework

OEM LTEApps

Fast PathIPv4/IPv6, IPsec, L2, Qos, Firewall,

GTP, GRE, Virtual Routing…

Hardware Platform with Radisys Qualified Assets

3rd Party HW(CPU, Storage,

AMC, RTM)

Accelerate TTM with Reduced Risks: Complete Offering(Pre-Optimized, Benchmarked) (Includes OAM, HA Integration AND Data Path)

HA-Management

ShelfManager

OS

System Services

SGW/PGW AppReady Platform

MME AppReady Platform

Figure 5.


system manager, and high availability. This platform has already enabled 35+ telecom applications and is now configured for robust performance in LTE EPC for both 10G and 40G configurations.

6WINDGate implementation provides a ready to production validated Fast Path packet processing including IPv4 and IPv6 forwarding, virtual routing (VRF), Link Aggregation, VLAN, GRE encapsulation, IP in IP, GTP, filtering and firewall, IPsec, QoS, IP Reassembly, ROHC, etc. It is used by Radisys to power the Intel and Octeon multicore boards so the platform can scale up in a cluster of multiple multicore CPUs. 6WINDGate routing and security Control Plane protocols are used by Aricent to integrate LTE signaling protocols. The solution provides data path handling for EPC for GTP tunneling in SGW and GTP-U to IP forwarding in PGW, along with metering, filtering and QoS as per EPC requirements.

Aricent offers pre-integrated pre-optimized frameworks for MME, SGW and PGW frameworks. These are based on industry leading Aricent’s diameter and GTP IPRs which have been well-tested, interoped and deployed across vendors and networks. The MME solution offers a comprehensive feature set to support Mobility Management, Session Management, and Security. External interfaces supported by this solution include S1-MME, S11, S6a, S10, S13, S101, S102, S3, SGs. The feature set supported by the SGW/PGW solution includes online and offline charging, static and dynamic QoS, default and dedicated bearers, and SGi interface based on local DHCP, RADIUS and DIAMETER. External interfaces supported include S11, Transparent SGi, Non-transparent SGi, S5, Gn, Gx, Gy/Ro, Gz/Rf, and S4. The control framework comes pre-integrated with a management interface which can be easily replaced by customer’s own management framework. The LTE solution can scale to support up to 1 million subscribers.

Deployment ModelsThe joint framework offers following two types of deployment models:

Scalable Nodes in Single DeploymentThis would constitute a single Radisys chassis hosting 6WINDGate packet processing framework and Aricent EPC frameworks for MME, SGW and PGW. As and when subscribers and traffic requirements increase, more blades are added for increased throughput required. The different blades would act as another MME or SGW or PGW from a pool. Each blade would serve one set of tracking area (TA). eNodeBs would choose the right MME based on Tracking Area Indicator (TAI). MME would further choose the right SGW based on TAI. Hence when new blades are added, the configurations would permit MME to choose new SGWs without a downtime. PGWs can be chosen based on APNs for each user.

Scalable Nodes Using Distributed ModeThis mode of deployment would be suitable for geographical redundancy. In this scenario, EPC nodes shall be placed in different locations which give proximity to the eNodeBs. Each location would have the EPC nodes deployed in a separate chassis. All EPC nodes would know of each other neighborhood. In this case too scalability would occur by identifying each of the blades of the new node with new MME or SGW or PGW. The usage of the new blades would also be same as above. Here if one of the locations go down, other EPC in other locations can handle traffic provided they are able to handle the traffic at that time. The operator gets a dual benefit of expansion and geographical redundancy.


Use Cases for Traffic ModelsGiven the traffic and subscriber requirement assumptions in section 3.1.2 and 3.1.3, LTE EPC solutions can be developed using Radisys Promentum ATCA platform and building blocks to allow carrier grade reliability and redundancy, scalability to start deployment cost-effectively with minimum configuration and increasing capacity with modular upgrades as subscriber base grows. Based on the performance benchmarks on Cavium Octeon and Intel processors and Radisys building blocks with 6WIND’s and Aricent’s SW stacks, the hardware configurations are suggested (Figures 6 and 7)—to serve as an example for building integrated P&S Gateway solutions:

High Density—Concentrated Area (Table 1)As the rough order magnitude calculations show, 2-10 14 to 16-slot systems are required to support up to 1.2M subscribers. Figure 6 is a sample system configuration.

Low LTE Density—Wider Area (Table 2)As the rough order magnitude calculations show (pg. 8), 2-6 5U 6 slot systems are required to support the needs of a given installation over the 3 year period. 5U systems provide better modularity for smaller upgrades. Figure 7 is a sample system configuration.

OEMs Benefit from Radisys/ARICENT/6WIND OfferingThis section describes some of the unique benefits that the solution brings in:

Reduce Time to MarketThe LTE ready platform cuts short the development time by 50% (9-12 months) and offers unique time-to-market advantage to OEMs. The framework solution has been pre-integrated and benchmarked for high performance levels over multi-core environment. The solution has a strong roadmap and goes through release upgrades whenever there are enhancements in the specifications. This helps in future-proofing of OEMs investments. OEMs can fully concentrate on their secret sauce/differentiating product features by leaving all standard development to the joint framework.

Cavium Octeon NPU Based User Plane Packet Processing

1+1 Intel CPU Based Control Plane

Processing

16-Slot ATCA Chassis

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

ETH Sw

itch

ETH Sw

itch

IA CPU-CP

IA CPU-CP

IA CPU-CP

IA CPU-CP

IA CPU-CP

S7, S11, G X C

Integrated PGW & SGW

SGi, S2a, S2b, S1-4, S4

Figure 6.

Year 2011 2013

AssumptionsSubscribers Per Installation 300000 1200000Average Per User Data Rate (Mbps) 0.3 1.2Total Data Per Installation(Gbps) 90 1440

PerformancePacket Processing (Gbps) Per Blade 20 40Control Plane Processing/Blade (Subs) 100000 200000

RedundancyPacket Processing (n+m) n:m Ratio 10 10Host Processing (n+m) n:m Ratio 1 1Number of Slots Per Chassis/System 16 16

Integrated ATCA 5-GW & P-GW Configuration & Density RequirementsSwitching Modules (1+1) 4 20Packet Processing Modules (n+m) 16 119Control Plane Processing Modules (n+m) 10 18

Fully Configured Systems Required/Installation 2 10

Table 1.

Promentum SYS-6016


Capex SavingsThis solution offers highly scalable EPC frameworks which drastically reduce initial CAPEX requirements for OEMs. Building EPC nodes using these frameworks costs at least 50% lower than building them from scratch. These cost savings arise from unique features including pre-tested solutions, benchmarked performance levels, robust interoperability testing and use of scalable multicore platforms.

Easy Interop with Legacy NetworksRadisys and its partners understand that most LTE deployments shall be overlay legacy networks like 2G/3G/HSPA/Rel 8/CDMA. The joint offering support most interfaces like Gb, SGs, S12, S3, S4, S101, S102, Sta, Gxa etc. For instance, Aricent is committed to not just providing compliance but also continuously upgrading the releases to ensure support for latest specifications with their LTE stack. 6WIND’s Control Plane protocols are compliant with a wide range of IETF RFC. They enable multiple ready-to-run use cases on legacy networks (refer to http://www.6wind.com/RFC for more information).

Voice and SMS SupportIt is understood that although LTE is simply a packet data technology, however, its mass adoption would need it to support voice and sms for sure. Building on this understanding, voice and sms support has been made an integral part of the solution.

Performance ScalabilityGiven the CAPEX constraints and expected subscriber and data growth rates, performance of the solution is a key consideration:

6WINDGate Fast Path-based architecture delivers the best possible packet processing performance. For instance, it delivers 14.8 Mpps forwarding performance on a CN5860 Octeon processor and about 30Mpps on a Radisys dual Octeon ATCA board. Thanks to its distributed architecture, 6WINDGate performance scales on clusters of multicore Octeon and multicore-x86 Radisys boards to power Aricent’s LTE signaling and LTE’s users packet processing in an ATCA chassis whatever the chassis configuration might be.

Year 2011 2013

AssumptionsSubscribers Per Installation 35000 140000Average Per User Data Rate (Mbps) 0.3 1.2Total Data Per Installation(Gbps) 10.5 168

PerformancePacket Processing (Gbps) Per Blade 20 40Control Plane Processing/Blade (Subs) 100000 200000

RedundancyPacket Processing (n+m) n:m Ratio 2 2Host Processing (n+m) n:m Ratio 2 2Number of Slots Per Chassis/System 6 6

Integrated ATCA 5-GW & P-GW Configuration & Density RequirementsSwitching Modules (1+1) 4 12Packet Processing Modules (1+1) 5 21Control Plane Processing Modules (1+1) 3 3

Fully Configured Systems Required/Installation 2 6

Table 2.

NPU

-UP

NPU

-UP

ETH Sw

itch

ETH Sw

itch

IA CPU-CP

IA CPU-CP

1+1 CPU Control Plane

Processing

S7, S11, G X C

1+1 Packet Processing

Blades

SGi, S2a, S2b, S1-4, S4

Figure 7.


Resiliency and HA6WINDGate software is fully integrated with the HA system. 6WINDGate provides HA-ready critical capabilities including NSR (Non Stop Routing), NSF (Non Stop Routing), ISU (In Service Upgrades), Graceful Restart, monitoring services and active synchronization between Control Plane protocols for critical functions such as routing, security and firewalls.

Fully Managed SolutionAricent/6WIND/Radisys solution is provided with a complete management system.

It integrates 6WINDGate XML-based Management Software (XMS) for L2-L4 software. The open architecture of XMS simplifies the integration of added-value features from the management point of view.

Deployment ExperienceLTE ready platform offering is based on proven technologies and processes.

Radisys has a strong base of world wide deployments in the telecom space, was the 1st to deliver 10G ATCA platform and has delivered solutions enabling over 35 different applications in the telecom space. Radisys customers include all major Telecom OEMs worldwide that have adopted ATCA. Using this approach of pre-integrated Application Ready Platform Radisys has successfully helped its TEM customers deliver solutions to market in record time (in some cases as short as 12 months from vendor selection to commercial traffic flowing through the solution).

Aricent has been offering products services in wireless space for over 15 years. It has co-developed many industry firsts like femtocell solution and Wimax Base Station. It has a comprehensive list of IPRs across several wireless technologies including GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSPA and WiMAX and recently announced pre-optimized LTE frameworks for packet core nodes including MME, SGW and PGW.

The software, 6WINDGate,™ has been ported and validated for use with all major multicore chipset vendors and is designed for use upon embedded chipsets and their operating system environments, on multicore-based equipment for telecommunications, networking, security and more. 6WINDGate packet processing solution has been selected by a majority of Tier-1 equipment manufacturers to deploy their entire LTE infrastructure including eNodeB and EPC Packet Core (http://www.6wind.com/productdesign-wins.html).


Corporate Headquarters5435 NE Dawson Creek Drive

Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA 503-615-1100 | Fax 503-615-1121

Toll-Free: 800-950-0044 www.radisys.com | [email protected]

©2011 Radisys Corporation. Radisys, Trillium, Continuous Computing and Convedia

are registered trademarks of Radisys Corporation. *All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.

November 2009

Glossary COTS: Customized off-the-shelf

IP: Internet Protocol

LTE: Long Term Evolution

MME: Mobility Management Entity

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer

PGW: Packet Data Network Gateway

SGW: Serving Gateway

References1 Based on Analysys Research Report (Jan 2008) and updates from various industry sources.

2 Assumes 30% nodes cover 70% of subscribers via metro deployments. In 2011, out of 4M total LTE subs, 3M subs in Metro with 10 installations = 300K subscribers/LTE node. In wider area, 30 installations = 1M subscribers = 35K subs/installation.

Corporate Headquarters3460 Hillview Avenue

Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA 650-391-1088 | Fax 650-391-1089

Toll-Free: 888-4COMM-SW www.aricent.com

Aricent is a global leader in communications software, providing strategic solutions that empower billions of people. By delivering the best and

most innovative communications software in the industry, we’re helping our clients change the world. We have an extensive portfolio of services and products covering the full spectrum of communications software—

from strategic design to implementation in the field. Our uniquely talented team of designers, consultants and engineers work to solve the most complex, high-impact challenges for our clients—the world’s leading

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LTE EPC: Drivers and Benefits of Pre-Integrated...

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