LTE Demystified

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LTE Demystified What is LTE and how does it work? All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media

description

LTE Basics course

Transcript of LTE Demystified

Page 1: LTE Demystified

LTE DemystifiedWhat is LTE and how does it work?

All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media

Page 2: LTE Demystified

Agenda Intro to Broadband Concepts

– Defining Broadband and Broadband Services LTE Technology

– LTE Features and Performance– LTE Architecture– LTE Radio Interface– MIMO– LTE Services and Voice– Evolution Option to LTE– Spectrum for LTESpectrum for LTE– Deployment Benefits of LTE– Q&A

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Q&A

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Introduction to Broadband Why is Wireless Broadband so important?

All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media

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Wireless Broadband Requirements

Increasing Smartphone and “dongle” usage

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g g g More data applications available

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Data is booming, but…

1700%)Global data revenue and traffic growth, 2008‐2013

1300%

1500%

1700%

8 = 100%

)

900%

1100%

%

wth (2

008

Revenue

Traffic

500%

700%

based grow

100%

300%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Reb

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

More efficient technologies required to reduce the cost per bit

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Candidate technologies are HSPA+ and LTE (or WiMAX?)

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Typical Broadband Services

Messaging and Social Networking

telemetry and remote control

Messaging and Social Networking

Internet Connection

TV, VoD, Radio

Voice (VoIP)Voice (VoIP)Application Stores

7 Cloud Computing

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Wireless Technology Evolution

LTE

TACS, NMT, AMPSVoice only

GSM, CDMA, UMTS, cdma2000

LTESuper Fast Data

4G?

LTE Advanced ?TDMAVoice, Data, Text

GPRS EDGE

UMTS, cdma2000Packet data, Multimedia

HSDPA HSUPA

Ultra Fast Data

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GPRS, EDGEPacket data

HSDPA, HSUPAFaster Data

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LTE TechnologySo what is Long Term Evolution?

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Long Term Evolution LTE

LTE: - a new cellular radio standardallowing faster, more efficient transferof data enabling the next generationof data, enabling the next generation of mobile data services

All new All IP, Mobile Wireless Broadband Network LTE is part of 3GPP evolution LTE is part of 3GPP evolution Can we call LTE 4G? Do people care?

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Mobile Technology Evolution• LTE has evolved from early GSM technology• Development was started by the European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)• Development is now managed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

LTE i f R l 8 f h S ifi i• LTE is part of Release 8 of the Specifications

GSM Phase 1Basic Voice

1991

GSM Phase 2+New Voice Codec

Further Optimizations

GSM Phase 2+R97/98

More GPRSEDGE1997

R4Core Network

Soft switch2000

R6HSUPAALL IP

R8LTE

R10LTE Advanced?

20121991 1995 1997 2000 2004 2008 2012

1993 1996 1999 2002 20061993GSM Phase 2Txt Messages

Basic Data

1996GSM Phase 2+

Release 96GPRS

1999R99

UMTS Radio Network

2002R5

HSDPAIMS

2006R7

HSPA+

2010R9

LTE Enhancements

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LTE PerformanceD t R t & B d idth Data Rates & Bandwidth

3 – 4 times more capacity than HSxPA Release 6 100 300Mbps 100 – 300Mbps

Less time spent downloading content, LTE is a lot faster Greater number of mobiles connected to the network, Higher Capacity

D l (L t ) Delay (Latency) 3 – 4 times less delay than HSxPA Release 6 100mS Connection Setup 100mS Connection Setup 5 – 20mS roundtrip delay

Much more responsive web browsingB tt i IP f Better voice over IP performance

Other LTE Benefits Advanced Antenna technologies increase capacityg p y Advanced Antenna technologies increase cell size All IP (packet data) network for faster, more efficient services

LTE I t k ith i ti GSM/UMTS t k

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LTE can Interwork with existing GSM/UMTS networks LTE supports multimedia broadcasting

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LTE Data Performance, DownloadingTypical 3 – 5 minute YouTube clip

5 Megabytes of information

GPRS @ 40Kb 125GPRS @ 40Kbps 125s

EDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50sEDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50s

UMTS @ 384Kbps 13s

HSPA @1Mbps 5s average user data rate

LTE @ 5Mbps 1s average user data rate

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LTE Architecture (high level)New Access NetworkBase Station - Evolved Node BX2 interface for improved Handover and Interference ManagementBackhaul Connections are Critical CapacityBackhaul Connections are Critical, Capacity

Downlink Radio InterfaceOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)Improved Performance in Urban AreasMultiple In Multiple Out (MIMO)

Uplink Radio InterfaceUplink Radio InterfaceSingle Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)Good Urban Area PerformanceDesigned for Good Battery Life

eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE

14eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment

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MME d SGW PGW

LTE Architecture (high level)New Core Network•Evolved Packet Core•All IP for efficiency•New Network Elements•Designed to be Flexible and

MME and SGW•Mobility Management Entity

•Overall control of the UE and Data Sessions•Handle Handovers and

PGW•Packet Gateway

•provides connection to external networks•internet, IMS, WAP, MMS•Designed to be Flexible and

Scalable•Self Organising Network (SON)

Handle Handovers and Location Management

Serving Gateway•Handles User Data•Controlled by the MME

internet, IMS, WAP, MMS•Manages the IP session for the User Equipment

SGWPGW S5 S1 USGWPGW

S11

S5 S1-U

eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE

EPCAll IP

All New

MMES1-MME

15eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment

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LTE Architecture (high level)InterworkingDefined interfaces for interworkingUMTS/GPRS interworkingWiFi/WiMAX I t kiWiFi/WiMAX InterworkingInterworking with Trusted/non-Trusted

UMTSWLAN

S3 S4 S12S2

SGWPGW S5 S1 U

S3,S4,S12S2

SGWPGW

S11

S5 S1-U

eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE

EPCAll IP

All New

MMES1-MME

16eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment

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LTE Architecture (high level)

Connection to External NetworksIMS, MMS, WAP, Media Centers

IMS

SGi UMTSWLAN

S3 S4 S12S2

SGWPGW S5 S1 U

S3,S4,S12S2

SGWPGW

S11

S5 S1-U

eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE

EPCAll IP

All New

MMES1-MME

17eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment

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LTE Radio Interface OverviewKey FeaturesKey Features

Flexible Bandwidth Options1 4 20 MH 1.4 – 20 MHz

High Order Modulation and Coding QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAMQ S , 6 Q a d 6 Q Adaptive modulation and coding

Robust OFDMA in the DownlinkC

eNBeNBeNB

Multi-Carrier Transmission Good Multipath Performance Suited to Advanced Antenna Techniques

Efficient SC-FDMA in the Uplink Still good Multipath Performance Decoding complexity in the eNB UE Decoding complexity in the eNB More power efficient than OFDMA

Advanced Antenna Support

UE

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MIMO, 2x2, 4x4 Beamforming

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LTE Radio Interface OverviewOFDMA and SC FDMAOFDMA and SC-FDMA

y

• 12 Sub-Carriers/RB

Freq

uenc

y

Freq

uenc

y

• Good Multipath Performance• Simplified UE Receiver• Scalable OFDMA• Supports MIMO

Time

• Supports MIMO

eNBeNBeNB UE

cy

Freq

uenc

y

Freq

uenc

• Single Carrier /RB• Simplified UE Design

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Time

• Lower power Consumption• No MIMO

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LTE Radio Interface OverviewMIMOMIMO

eNBeNBeNB UE

• Downlink only• 2 or 4 Transmit antennas at

the base station

• Spatial Multiplexing increases data rate

• Up to 4x increase in Capacity*

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• 2 or 4 Receive antennas at the UE

• Requires an Urban Environment

• Won’t work every where

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Services for LTELTE Services• 3rd Party Content• Operator Managed ContentOperator Managed Content• Video, Social Networking, WWW

LTE Network • Is a transport/delivery network• Can manage content QoSg• High capacity means many customers

Content Management• IMS

S i D li Pl tf

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• Service Delivery Platform• LTE compatible with existing solutions

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Voice and LTEIMS N t kIMS Network• Call Session Control Function (CSCF)• Register VoIP Users

Processes VoIP Call• Processes VoIP Call• Manages VoIP Services

IMSIMS VoIP

AppSignalling (SIP)

App

EPCLTE NetworkLTE Network• Establishes Initial Bearer• Must maintain an “always on” connection• Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS

Media (RTP)

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Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS• Routes the VoIP Media

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Evolution Paths to LTE

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Source; Informa Telecoms and Media

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LTE Deployment Timelines

LTSI LTE/SAE T i l I iti ti

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LTSI – LTE/SAE Trial InitiativeSAE – Service Architecture Evolution

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

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Spectrum for LTE

LTE uses Wideband Channels 5 MHz, 10 MHz Large spectral allocations are required

Can use any IMT designated Spectrum Spectrum re-farming?

G/ G ? Replace your existing 2G/3G with LTE? Not an options for many operators

UE hardware Issues UE hardware Issues Mobile equipment becomes hard (expensive!) to build when so

many bands are used

Roaming issues No harmonised spectrum

Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum This may delay the launch of LTE in some markets

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The Radio SpectrumVLFVery

LFLow

MFMedium

HFHigh

VHFVery

UHFUltra

SHFSuper

Low Freq

Freq Freq Freq High Freq

High Freq

High Freq

3KHz 30KHz 300KHz 3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 3GHz 300GHz

TV DECTIMT BandsShown in White

TV

GSM

300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000

GSM

UMTS

WiFi

WiMAX Shown in White

UHF Band is very busy Most mobile radio services operate in this band

300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000MHz MHz

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p Many frequencies in UHF are designated IMT bands LTE can be deployed in any IMT Band

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Possible LTE Frequency Bands for MEA880 960

450 – 470MHz

LimitedAvailability

880-960MHzGSM

ForeseeableFuture

2110-2200MHz

Remains UMTSHSPA

2500-2690MHz

Most LikelyDeployments

Availability Future

TV

TV

GSM GSM

UMTS

WiFi

WiMAX DECT

300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000MHz MHz

790 - 862790 - 862MHz

Available 2 -3 Years

2300 – 2400MHz

Limited Availability

3400 – 3600MHz

Not Suitable forLTE

1710-2025MHz

Good PotentialEquipment ? Availability

These bands identified in addition to the existing GSM and UMTS bands Local/Regional Regulation will manage the migration of technologies

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g g g g g These are IMT bands therefore LTE could be deployed

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Pros and Cons of the Frequency bands

Frequency Advantage Disadvantage CommentLower -Good propagation

Good in building-Problems with interference

Sometimes called the Digital DividendFrequencies

400 – 900MHz

-Good in-building coverage-large cells possible-may be cheaper to deploy

interference,-possible lower capacity-Antennas are large

the Digital Dividend,many TV services are still using this band

deploy

HigherFrequencies1Gh 4GH

-Higher capacity designs possible-Smaller Antennas

-worse propagation-building penetration very high

2.5GHz may still be used to build mobile systems, but more

1Ghz – 4GHz -may result in high cost networks

difficult, 3.5GHz the problems increase

Lower frequencyBigger Radio CellLower Capacity

400MHz – 900MHz 1GHz – 4GHz

Higher frequency

Lower Capacity

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Higher frequencySmaller Radio CellHigher Capacity

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Example – London LTE Cell at 2.6 Ghz

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Example – London LTE Cell at 900 MHz

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Deployment Benefits of LTE Cost Saving and Capacity Improvements

– Cost per Megabit3% f th t f EDGE 20% f th t f 3G– 3% of the cost of EDGE, 20% of the cost of 3G (Ali Amer, STC)

– Cost savings from lower OPEX, Self Configuring Network, Reuse of Assets– Urban Area payback 4-5 years for existing cellular operators

U b A b k 6 f fi ld– Urban Area payback 6-7 years for greenfield operators

“Cost reduction more important than performance increases initially” (Adrian Scrase 3GPP)increases, initially (Adrian Scrase, 3GPP)

LTE Self Organising Network– 50% less CAPEX, 30% less OPEX (Ihab Ghattas, Huawei ME)50% ess C , 30% ess O ( ab G a as, ua e )

HSPA/HSPA+ may have some short term benefits– HSPA+ with MIMO will require considerable CAPEX (Ayman Elnashar, Du)

Race for LTE less urgent– WiMAX market position is clearer

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What are the alternatives to LTE? HSPA/HSPA+

Might be closer for some than LTE Use existing Spectrum More “natural” roadmap in the short term Solid Evolution Path (R6, R7, R8….) Good Performance (20-40 Mbps +)

WiMAX

Perhaps more “fixed” than mobileG d f Good performance

It’s here! – increasing number of user devicesMa not be the most nat ral roadmap for cell lar May not be the most natural roadmap for cellular operators

Remember 802 16m is a 4G candidate

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Remember 802.16m is a 4G candidate

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Factors Affecting the Cost of LTE

Use of Ethernet over Fibre Technology in the Backhaul E1/T1 is expensive Backhaul still a major issue

Fewer system Components No RNC Flatter Network Architecture

Smaller Base Station Components Smaller Base Station Components Less power required Remote Radio Head utilisation Remote Radio Head utilisation

More Spectrally Efficient Use of advanced antenna techniques High order modulation

Cost of License?

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So where are we with LTE?

LTE Status ReportQ4 2010Q4 2010

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Telecoms Academy

http:// www.telecomsacademy.comhttp://www schooloflte com/

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