Lte Air Interface

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Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Air Interface

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3

Contents1. The Air interface2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles3. Dynamic Resource Allocation4. Intra LTE Mobility


Contents1. The Air Interface

1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks1.2 3GPP Releases1.3 Radio Interface Techniques1.4 Transmission Modes1.5 Spectrum Usage1.6 Channel Coding in LTE1.7 Principles of OFDM


Evolution of Cellular Networks

1G (First Generation)

2G (Second Generation)

3G (Third Generation)

4G (Fourth Generation)


First Generation Mobile Systems AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System) TACS (Total Access Communications System) ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications

System)


Second Generation Mobile Systems

GSM

cdmaOne(IS-95)

D-AMPS(IS-136)

Other

2G (Second Generation)


2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS Systems

System Service Theoretical Data Rate

Typical Data Rate

2G GSM Circuit Switched Data Service

9.6kbit/s or 14.4kbit/s

9.6kbit/s or 14.4kbit/s

2.5G GPRS Packet Switched Data

171.2kbit/s 4kbit/s to 50kbit/s

2.75G EDGE Packet Switched Data

473.6kbit/s 120kbit/s


Third Generation Mobile Systems

3G (Third Generation)

UMTSTD-CDMA

TD-SCDMA

CDMA2000

WiMAXUMTSWCDMA


Fourth Generation Mobile SystemsKey IMT Advanced Features A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner.

Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks.

Capability of interworking with other radio access systems.

High quality mobile services.

User equipment suitable for worldwide use.

User-friendly applications, services and equipment.

Worldwide roaming capability.

Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100Mbit/s for high and 1Gbit/s for low mobility were identified as targets).


Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

4G (Fourth Generation)

LTEAdvanced

WiMAX802.16m

UMB(EV-DO Rev C)


3GPP Releases

GSM9.6kbit/sPhase 1

GPRS171.2kbit/s

Phase 2+(Release 97)

EDGE473.6kbit/sRelease 99

UMTS2Mbit/s

Release 99

HSDPA14.4Mbit/sRelease 5

HSUPA5.76Mbit/s

Release 6

HSPA+28.8Mbit/s42Mbit/s

Release 7/8

LTE+300Mbit/s

Release 8

Release 9/10LTE Advanced


Release 5 - HSDPA

HSDPAAdaptive ModulationFlexible CodingFast Scheduling (2ms)HARQ

UE

UTRAN

RNCNode BIub


HSUPAFlexible CodingFast Power SchedulingHARQ

UE

UTRAN

RNCNode BIub

Page17

Release 6 - HSUPA


UE

UTRAN

RNCNode BIub

HSPA+64 QAM (DL)16 QAM (UL)MIMO Operation (DL)Power Enhancements (DL)Less Overhead (DL)

Page18

Release 7 - HSPA+


Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTEHSPA+64 QAM + MIMO (DL)Dual Cell OperationLess Overhead (UL)

LTEEnhanced TechniquesFlexible BandwidthFlexible Spectrum OptionsHigh Data RatesVery Fast SchedulingImproved Latency

UE

UTRAN

RNCNode BIub

eNB

E-UTRAN


Release 9 and Beyond

LTERelease 8

LTERelease 9

LTE AdvancedRelease 10


Radio Interface Techniques

Radio Interface Techniques

FDMA

TDMA CDMA

OFDMA


Frequency

Power Time

Page23

Frequency Division Multiple Access

FDMAEach user allocated a different subband/channel.


Frequency

Power Time

Page24

Time Division Multiple Access

TDMAEach user allocated a different time on the channel.


Code Division Multiple Access

Frequency

Power Time

CDMAEach user allocated a different code on the channel.


Frequency

Power Time

Page26

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

OFDMAEach user allocated a different resource which can vary in time and frequency.


Transmission ModesFrequency Division Duplex

Uplink Downlink

Duplex Spacing

Frequency

Channel Bandwidth

Channel Bandwidth


Transmission ModesTime Division Duplex

TDD Frequency

Downlink and Uplink

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

TDD Frame TDD FrameTime

Asymmetric Allocation


GSM BandsOperating Band Frequency

Band Uplink Frequency (MHz)

Downlink Frequency (MHz)

GSM 400 450 450.4 - 457.6 460.4 - 467.6

GSM 400 480 478.8 - 486.0 488.8 - 496.0

GSM 850 850 824.0 - 849.0 869.0 - 894.0

GSM 900 (P-GSM) 900 890.0 - 915.0 935.0 - 960.0

GSM 900 (E-GSM) 900 880.0 - 915.0 925.0 - 960.0

GSM-R (R-GSM) 900 876.0 - 880.0 921.0 - 925.0

DCS 1800 1800 1710.0 - 1785.0 1805.0 - 1880.0

PCS 1900 1900 1850.0 - 1910.0 1930.0 - 1990.0


UMTS BandsOperating Band Frequency

Band Uplink Frequency (MHz)

Downlink Frequency (MHz)

I 2100 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170

II 1900 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990

III 1800 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880

IV 1700 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155

V 850 824 - 849 869 - 894

VI 800 830 - 840 875 - 885

VII 2600 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690

VIII 900 880 - 915 925 - 960

IX 1700 1749.9 - 1784.9 1844.9 - 1879.9

X 1700 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170

XI 1500 1427.9 - 1452.9 1475.9 - 1500.9

XII 700 698 - 716 728 - 746

XIII 700 777 - 787 746 - 756

XIV 700 788 - 798 758 - 768


UMTS TDD Frequency Bands

Frequency Band

1900 - 1920

2010 - 2025

1850 - 1910

1930 - 1990

1910 - 1930

2570 - 2620


Existing GSM Deployments

GSM 900 GSM 1800

Europe, Middle East, Africa,and most of Asia/Pacific.

GSM 850GSM 1900

United States, Canada, and many other

countries in the Americas.

GSM 400

This has limited

support.


Key UMTS Deployment Bands

Band I (WCDMA

2100)

Band II(WCDMA

1900)Band IV(WCDMA

1700)

Band VIII(WCDMA

900)Band V

(WCDMA850)

Main UMTS Deployments


LTE Release 8 BandsBand

Duplex FDL_low

(MHz)

FDL_high

(MHz)

NOffs-DL NDL FUL_low

(MHz)

FUL_high

(MHz)

NOffs-UL NUL

1 FDD 2110 2170 0 0-599 1920 1980 18000 18000-185992 FDD 1930 1990 600 600-1199 1850 1910 18600 18600-191993 FDD 1805 1880 1200 1200-1949 1710 1785 19200 19200-199494 FDD 2110 2155 1950 1950-2399 1710 1755 19950 19950-203995 FDD 869 894 2400 2400-2649 824 849 20400 20400-206496 FDD 875 885 2650 2650-2749 830 840 20650 20650-207497 FDD 2620 2690 2750 2750-3449 2500 2570 20750 20750-214498 FDD 925 960 3450 3450-3799 880 915 21450 21450-217999 FDD 1844.9 1879.9 3800 3800-4149 1749.9 1784.9 21800 21800-2214910 FDD 2110 2170 4150 4150-4749 1710 1770 22150 22150-2274911 FDD 1475.9 1500.9 4750 4750-4999 1427.9 1452.9 22750 22750-2299912 FDD 728 746 5000 5000-5179 698 716 23000 23000-2317913 FDD 746 756 5180 5180-5279 777 787 23180 23180-2327914 FDD 758 768 5280 5280-5379 788 798 23280 23280-23379

17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849

33 TDD 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-3619934 TDD 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349 35 TDD 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949 1850 1910 36350 36350-3694936 TDD 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549 1930 1990 36950 36950-3754937 TDD 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749 1910 1930 37550 37550-3774938 TDD 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249 2570 2620 37750 37750-3824939 TDD 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649 1880 1920 38250 38250-3864940 TDD 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649


eNB

UE

Page37

Carrier Frequency EARFCN Calculation

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL - NOffs-UL)


Example

Frequency

Uplink Downlink100kHz Raster

2127.4MHz1937.4MHz

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)

(FDL - FDL_low)0.1

+ NOffs-DL

(2127.4 - 2110)0.1

+ 0

NDL =

NDL = = 174


LTE Transport Channel Processing

Transport Block CRC Attachment

Code Block CRC Attachment and Segmentation

Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Code Block Concatenation

Additional Layer 1 Processes

Transport Block MAC Layer

PHY Layer


Transport Block CRC

CRC

Calculate CRCTransport Block

Transport Block

TransmitterPossible radio interface errors

CRCTransport Block

Calculate CRC CRC

Compare

Receiver


CRC Parity Bits

a0

Transport Block CRC Parity Bits

a1 a2 a3 aA-1 p0 p1 pL-1

A = Input Sequence L = Parity Length


Code Block Segmentation and CRC Attachment

CRCTransport Block

Transport Block CRC

CRC

Code Block #1 Code Block #2 Code Block #3

Code Block CRCFiller Bits


Example

8000bits

4200bits

4224bits

3800bits

24bit Code Block CRC

16 Filler Bits3840bits

24bit Code Block CRC


Channel CodingTransport Channel Coding Options

Transport Channel Coding Method Rate

DL-SCH

Turbo Coding 1/3 UL-SCH

PCH

MCH

BCH Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3


Channel CodingControl Information Coding Options

Control Information Coding Method Rate

DCI Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3

CFI Block Code 1/16

HI Repetition Code 1/3

UCI Block Code Variable

Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3


Repetition Coding

1

1 1 1

ACK

Repetition Coding

Orthogonal sequences

0 0 0

0

NACK

Orthogonal sequences


Block Coding

CFI CFI Codeword < b0, b1, …, b31 >

1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>

2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>

3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>

4 (Reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>


Convolutional Encoding½ Rate Convolutional Encoder

Output

XOR Gate

G0

A0

G1

B1

C1

D0 S1 S2Input

Shift Registers


Convolutional Coding Example

Input S1 S2 G0 G1

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0 1

0 1 1 0 1


Convolutional Coding Trellis

00

10

01

11

00

10

01

11

Current State Next State

11

00

11

0010

0101

10

Input 0Input 1

Output


Viterbi Decoding

00

10

01

11

00

10

01

11

00

10

01

11

00

10

01

11

Input Sequence

00

10

01

11

0 1 1 0

Transmitted/Received 00 11 01 01

0

2

2

0

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

002

1

1

1

2

1

002

Indicate possible number of bits in error.

Input 0 Input 1


Coding Comparison Chart

Standard Convolutional Coding Tail Biting Convolutional Coding

Initializes the shift register with zeros. Initializes the shift register with the last bits of the stream, i.e. zeros are not added for initialization.

Padded with zeros. The shift register finishes, such that the last bits of input are the same as what was used to initialize the shift registers.


Initializing Tail Biting Convolutional Encoding

Tail Biting Convolutional CodingInput Bits

Last 6bits used to initialize coder.


LTE 1/3 Rate Tail Biting Convolutional Coding

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6ck

dk(1) G1

dk(0) G0

dk(2) G2


LTE Turbo Coding

D D D

D D D

Turbo Code Internal

Interleaver

ck

c’k

2nd Constituent Encoder

1st Constituent Encoderzk

xk

x’k

z’k

Systematic Bits

ParityBits

ParityBits

The dotted lines are part of the

trellis termination.


Rate Matching

dk(1)

dk(0)

dk(2)

Sub-blockInterleaver



vk(1)

vk(0)

vk(2)

Bit Collection

wk

Virtual Circular Buffer

Bit Selection and Pruning

ek


LTE Sub-block Interleaver

Number of Columns Inter-column Permutation Pattern

32 < 0, 16, 8, 24, 4, 20, 12, 28, 2, 18, 10, 26, 6, 22, 14, 30, 1, 17, 9, 25, 5, 21, 13, 29, 3, 19, 11, 27, 7, 23, 15, 31 >



4200bits

4224bits

3800bits

3840bits

Code Block CRC Attachment and Segmentation

Channel Coding

Rate Matching

Channel Coding

Rate Matching

ek


ek

fk


eNB

UE

Page61

Principles of OFDM

OFDM

(OFDMA)

OFDM

(SC-FDMA)


Frequency Division Multiplexing

Frequency

Guard Band

ChannelBandwidth

Subcarrier


OFDM Subcarriers

Frequency

ChannelBandwidth

Orthogonal Subcarriers

Centre Subcarrier Not Orthogonal


Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Coded Bits

Serialto

Parallel

SubcarrierModulation

IFFT

Inverse Fast FourierTransform

RF

Complex Waveform


FFT

Fast FourierTransform

Page65

Fast Fourier Transform

Receiver

SubcarrierDemodulation

Coded Bits

Parallelto

Serial


LTE Channel and FFT SizesChannel Bandwidth

FFT Size Subcarrier Bandwidth

Sampling Rate

1.4MHz 128

15kHz

1.92MHz

3MHz 256 3.84MHz

5MHz 512 7.68MHz

10MHz 1024 15.36MHz

15MHz 1536 23.04MHz

20MHz 2048 30.72MHz


OFDM Symbol MappingTime

Frequency

Amplitude

OFDM Symbol

Cyclic Prefix

Modulated OFDM

Symbol


OFDM Peak to Average Power Ratio

Amplitude

Time

OFDM Symbol

PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) Issue

Peak

Average


Time Domain InterferenceEnergy

Time

Delay Spread


Inter Symbol Interference

1st ReceivedSignal Delayed

Signal

InterferenceCaused


Cyclic PrefixCP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

Frequency

Time

Symbol Period T(s)T(g)

Symbol Period T(s)

Bit Period T(b)Cyclic Prefix


Questions Which release of the 3GPP specifications includes

the initial release of LTE?a.Release 6.b.Release 7.c.Release 8.a.Release 9.


Questions What is the general name given to Frequency band

IV in North America?


Questions What is the maximum size that a Turbo coder can

handle in LTE?a.1024bits.b.2048bits.c.5512bits.d.6144bits.


Questions Name the four main types of channel coding (FEC

methods) used in LTE.


Contents2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles

2.1 The Uu Interface2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols2.3 LTE Channel Structure2.4 LTE Frame Structure2.5 OFDM Signal Generation2.6 Downlink OFDMA2.7 LTE Physical Signals



2.8 Downlink Reference Signals2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels2.10 Downlink Control Signaling2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels2.15 Timing Relationships



2.16 Uplink Reference Signals2.17 Uplink Control Signaling2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure2.19 Uplink Power Control2.20 Paging Procedures2.21 HARQ Operation2.22 Diversity Options


Uu Interface

eNB

UE

E-UTRA

1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz

Uu


UE

PDN-GW

E-UTRAN EPC

MME

S-GW

eNB

S1-MME

S1-U

S5/S8

S11

Page83

LTE Control Plane and User Plane

NAS Control Plane

RRC Control Plane

User Plane


E-UTRA Protocols

eNBUE

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

RRC

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

NAS User - IP

Control PlaneUser PlaneNAS Signaling


NAS Signaling

UE eNB

MME

EMM (EPS Mobility Management)

ESM (EPS Session Management)


NAS EMM and ESM ProceduresEMM Procedures ESM Procedures Attach Default EPS Bearer Context Activation

Detach Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation

Tracking Area Update EPS Bearer Context Modification

Service Request EPS Bearer Context Deactivation

Extended Service Request UE Requested PDN Connectivity

GUTI Reallocation UE Requested PDN Disconnect

Authentication UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation

Identification UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification

Security Mode Control ESM Information Request

EMM Status ESM Status

EMM Information

NAS Transport

Paging


eNB

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

RRC

NAS Signaling

System InformationPLMN and Cell Selection

Admission ControlSecurity Management

Cell ReselectionMeasurement Reports

Handovers and MobilityNAS Transport

Radio Resource Management

Page87

Radio Resource Control


eNB

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

RRC

NAS SignalingControl Plane

EncryptionIntegrity Checking

User PlaneIP Header Compression

EncryptionSequencing and Duplicate Detection

Page88

Packet Data Convergence Protocol


Radio Link Control

eNB

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

RRC

NAS SignalingTM (Transparent Mode)

UM (Unacknowledged Mode)AM (Acknowledged Mode)

Segmentation and Re-assemblyConcatenation

Error Correction


Medium Access Control

eNB

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

RRC

NAS Signaling

Channel Mapping and Multiplexing Error Correction - HARQQoS Based Scheduling


Physical Layer

eNB

RLC

MAC

PHY

PDCP

RRC

NAS SignalingError Detection

FEC Encoding/Decoding Rate Matching

Mapping of Physical ChannelsPower Weighting

Modulation and DemodulationFrequency and Time Synchronization

Radio MeasurementsMIMO ProcessingTransmit Diversity

BeamformingRF Processing


LTE Channels

LogicalChannels

TransportChannels

PhysicalChannels

RadioChannels


Logical Channels

RLC

MAC

PHY

Logical Channels Transport

Channels

Physical Channels Radio

Channel


BCCH

eNBUEPCCH

System Information Messages

Paging Devices

Page95

Control Logical Channels


CCCH

eNBUE

CCCH

DCCH

DCCH

SRB 0

SRB 0

SRB 1

SRB 2

Low Priority NAS Signaling

Page96

CCCH and DCCH Signaling


Traffic Logical Channels

eNBUE

DTCHDRB

Carries AM or UM RLC Traffic


LTE Release 8 Transport Channels

BCH

eNBUE

PCH

DL-SCH

RACH

UL-SCH


Downlink Physical Channels PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel) PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel) PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)


Uplink Physical Channels PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)


Radio Channels

eNB

UE

Radio Channel

FDDRadio

ChannelUE

TDD


Downlink Channel Mapping

DL-SCH

Physical Layer

MAC Layer

RLC Layer

PDCP Layer

RRC Layer

PhysicalChannels

TransportChannels

LogicalChannels

PDSCHPDCCHPHICHPCFICHPBCH

BCH PCH

BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH

TM TM TM UM/AM UM/AM

Ciphering

Integrity

Ciphering

ROHC

RRC

ESM EMM IPNAS Layer


Uplink Channel Mapping

Physical Layer

MAC Layer

RLC Layer

PDCP Layer

RRC Layer

PhysicalChannels

TransportChannels

LogicalChannels

PUSCHPUCCHPRACH

RACH

CCCH

TM UM/AM UM/AM

Ciphering

Integrity

Ciphering

ROHC

RRC

ESM EMM IPNAS Layer

UL-SCH

DCCH DTCH


LTE Frame Structure

Slot (0.5ms)

Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms

Subframe (1ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Ts = 1/(15000x2048) = 32.552083ns

Tslot = 15360 x Ts


Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix

Radio Frame = 10ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

7 OFDMSymbols (Normal

Cyclic Prefix)

6 OFDM Symbols (Extended Cyclic

Prefix)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5

CP (Cyclic Prefix)

Ts

Ts


Downlink CP Parameters

Configuration CP Length (Ts) Time Delay Spread

Normal Cyclic Prefix

∆f = 15kHz 160 for slot 0 ~ 5.208µs ~ 1.562km

144 for slot 1, 2, …6 ~ 4.688µs ~ 1.406km

Extended Cyclic Prefix

∆f = 15kHz 512 for slot 0, 1, …5 ~16.67µs ~ 5km

∆f = 7.5kHz 1024 for 0, 1, 2 ~ 33.33 µs ~ 10km


Normal CP Configuration

0

OFDM Symbols (= 7 for Normal CP)

21 3 4 5 6

NsymbDL

160 144 144 144 144 144 1442048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048

Larger first CP when Normal CP is configured

E.g. NCP = 144,TCP= 144 x Ts = 4.6875µs


Type 2 TDD Radio Frame

Type 2 Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms

0

Special Subframe

2 3 4 5 7 8 9

DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Time Slot)

GP (Guard Period)

UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Time Slot)


Type 2 Radio Frame Switching PointsConfiguration Switching

Point Periodicity

Subframe Number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 5ms D S U U U D S U U D


Antenna Ports

Page112

OFDM Signal Generation

Codewords

Scrambling

Scrambling

Modulation Mapper

Modulation Mapper

Layer Mapper Precoding

Layers

Resource Element Mapper


OFDM Signal

Generation

OFDM Signal

Generation


Codeword, Layer and Antenna Port Mapping

1 Layer 2 Layers 3 Layers 4 Layers

1 1 2 1Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4

2 2 2 21 1

Codeword

1, 2 or 4 Antenna

Ports

2 or 4 Antenna

Ports

4 Antenna Ports

4 Antenna Ports


Scrambling

Page114

eNB eNB

PRB PRB

F1 F1

Interference

No Scrambling

PRB PRB

LessInterference

Cell RNTI specific scrambling


Scrambling

cellcinit = nRNTI ∙ 214 + q ∙ 213 + ns / 2 ∙ 29 + NID For PDSCH

MSB LSB Scrambling Code

Fixed Bit Pattern

cellcinit = nRNTI ∙ 214 + ns / 2 ∙ 29 + NID For PUSCH


Modulation Mapper

I

Q

1-1

1

-1

0

1

I

Q

1-1

1

-1

00

01

10

11

I

Q

1 3-1-3

1

3

-1

-3

0000 0010

0001 0011

0100 0110

0101 0111

1000

1001

1100

1101

1010

1011

1110

1111

BPSK QPSK 16QAM


64 QAM Modulation Mapper

I

Q

1 3 5 7-1-3-5-7

1

3

5

7

-1

-3

-5

-7

000011 000001 001001 001011

000010 000000 001000 001010

000110 000100 001100 001110

000111 000101 001101 001111

010011 010001 011001 011011

010010 010000 011000 011010

010110 010100 011100 011110

010111 010101 011101 011111

100011

100010

100110

100111

110011

110010

110110

110111

100001

100000

100100

100101

110001

110000

110100

110101

101001

101000

101100

101101

111001

111000

111100

111101

101011

101010

101110

101111

111011

111010

111110

111111

64QAM


Layer Mapper ConfigurationMapper Configuration Layers (v) Antenna Ports (P)

Single Antenna v=1 P=1

Transmit Diversity v=P P≠1 (2 or 4)

Spatial Multiplexing 1 ≤ v ≤ P P≠1 (2 or 4)


Single Antenna Layer MappingFor transmission on a single antenna port, a single

layer is used,

and the mapping is defined by with:

Page119

)()( )0()0( idix

1


Spatial Multiplexing Layer Mapping

Page120

Number of Layers

Number of Codewords

Codeword to Layer Mapping 1,...,1,0 layersymb Mi

1 1 )()( )0()0( idix )0(symb

layersymb MM

2 2 )()( )0()0( idix

)()( )1()1( idix

)1(symb

)0(symb

layersymb MMM

2 1

)12()()2()(

)0()1(

)0()0(

idixidix

layer (0)symb symb 2M M

3 2 )()( )0()0( idix

)12()()2()(

)1()2(

)1()1(

idixidix

2)1(symb

)0(symb

layersymb MMM

4 2

)12()()2()(

)0()1(

)0()0(

idixidix

)12()()2()(

)1()3(

)1()2(

idixidix

22 )1(symb

)0(symb

layersymb MMM


Transmit Diversity Layer Mapping

Page121

Number of Layers

Number of Code words

Codeword to Layer Mapping 1,...,1,0 layersymb Mi

2 1

)12()(

)2()()0()1(

)0()0(

idix

idix

2)0(symb

layersymb MM

4 1

)34()(

)24()(

)14()(

)4()(

)0()3(

)0()2(

)0()1(

)0()0(

idix

idix

idix

idix

04mod if04mod if

424

)0(symb

)0(symb

)0(symb

)0(symblayer

symb MM

MM

M

If 04mod)0(symb M two null symbols are

appended to )1( )0(symb

)0( Md


LTE Precoding Options

LTE Precoding

Single Antenna Port

Transmit DiversityPrecoding

CDD (Cyclic Delay

Diversity

LTE Spatial Multiplexing


Precoding ConceptThe precoder takes as input a block of vectors:

from the layer mapping and generates a block of vectors:

to be mapped onto resources on each of the antenna ports, where represents the signal for antenna port .

Page123

Tixixix )(...)()( )1()0( 1,...,1,0 layersymb Mi

Tp iyiy ...)(...)( )( 1,...,1,0 apsymb Mi

)()( iy p


Precoding for Single Antenna Port

Page124

)()( )0()( ixiy p


Precoding for Transmit DiversityFor two antenna ports the output

the precoding operation is defined by:

Page125

Tiyiyiy )()()( )1()0(

1,0p

1,...,1,0 apsymb Mi

)(Im)(Im)(Re)(Re

001010010

001

21

)12()12(

)2()2(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ixixixix

jjj

j

iyiyiyiy

1,...,1,0 layersymb Mi

layersymb

apsymb 2MM


Precoding for Spatial Multiplexing

Page126

)(

)()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ixiW

iy

iy

P

)(

)()()(

)(

)(

)1(

)0(

)1(

)0(

ix

ixUiDiW

iy

iy

P

Without CDD With CDD


Spatial Multiplexing Codebook for Precoding - 2 Antenna Ports

Page127

Codebook Index Number of layers

1 2 0

11

21

1001

21

1

11

21

1111

21

2

j1

21

jj11

21

3

j1

21

-


OFDM Signal Generation

TslCPNtfkj

RBscNDL

RBN

k

TslCPNtfkjp

lkRBscNDL

RBNk

eaeas plk

tpl

,22/

1

,2

,

1

2/,


OFDMA in LTEFrequency

Channel Bandwidth E.g. 3MHz

Time

Device is allocated one or more PRB (Physical Resource Blocks)

PRB consists of 12 subcarriers for 0.5ms

OFDMA


Physical Resource Blocks and Resource Elements

Radio Frame = 10ms

0 2 3 4 5 7 8 961

Slot 8 Slot 9

Subframe

NRBDL

N SCRB

Sub

carri

ers =

12

Physical Resource Block

Resource Element

NSymbDL


Downlink PRB Parameters

Configuration NSCRB NSymbDL

Normal Cyclic Prefix ∆f = 15kHz 12

7

Extended Cyclic Prefix

∆f = 15kHz 6

∆f = 7.5kHz 24 3


Downlink Synchronization Signals

eNB

UE

Page134

Downlink Cell ID

cell (1) (2)

(1)

(2)Where:NID = 3NID + NID

NID = 0,…..167NID = 0, 1, or 2


PSS and SSS Location for FDD

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Bandwidth

0 1 2 3 4 5

Bandwidth

Normal CP

Extended CP

Radio Frame

Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Repeated in slots 0 and 10

72 Subcarriers

PSS (Primary Synchronization Sequence)

SSS (Secondary Synchronization Sequence)

62 Subcarriers


PSS and SSS Location for TDD

Radio Frame

Slots

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Bandwidth

0 1 2 3 4 5

Bandwidth

Normal CP

Extended CP

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5


Example of SSS Indices

N 1ID m0 m1 N 1

ID m0 m1 N 1ID m0 m1 N 1

ID m0 m1 N 1ID m0 m1

0 0 1 34 4 6 68 9 12 102 15 19 136 22 27

1 1 2 35 5 7 69 10 13 103 16 20 137 23 28

2 2 3 36 6 8 70 11 14 104 17 21 138 24 29

3 3 4 37 7 9 71 12 15 105 18 22 139 25 30

. . . . .

. . . . 167 2 9

33 3 5 67 8 11 101 14 18 135 21 26


SSS Scrambling

s0 s1

c0 c1 and z1

Length 31 SequenceCyclic Shift based on NID(1)

s0s1

c1 and z1c0

(m0) (m1)

(m0)

(m1) (m0)

(m1)

Scrambling sequence c0 and c1 based on NID(2)

Scrambling sequence z

Subframe 0 Subframe 562 interleaved bits



2.8 Downlink Reference Signals2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels2.10 Downlink Control Signaling2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels2.15 Timing Relationships


Downlink Reference Signals Cell Specific (non-MBSFN) MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency

Network) UE Specific


Cell Specific Reference SignalsOne Antenna Port

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

Antenna Port 0

R

R

R

R

R

R

Antenna Port 0

R

R

Normal CP Extended CP


Cell Specific Reference SignalsCell ID Offset

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

Physical Cell ID = 0R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

Physical Cell ID = 8RS position is based on Physical

Cell ID (Physical Cell ID mod 6)eNB eNB


Cell Specific Reference SignalsTwo Antenna Port Configuration

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R RS symbol for antenna port 0R RS symbol for antenna port 1

Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1


Cell Specific Reference SignalsFour Antenna Port Configuration

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

x R

x

R

x

R

R

x

R

x

x

R

x

R

Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1 Antenna Port 2 Antenna Port 3

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

xR

R

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x




RR

RR

RR

RR

RR

R

R

R

R

R

R

Extended CP15kHz

SlotSubframe

R R

R

R R

R

R R

R

Extended CP7.5kHz

Subframe

R R

R

R R

R

R R

R

R

R

Page145

MBFSN Reference Signals


R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

Antenna Port 5

R

R

R

R

R

R

Antenna Port 5

R

R

R

R

R

R

Normal CP Extended CP

Page146

UE Specific Reference Signals



2.8 Downlink Reference Signals2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels2.10 Downlink Control Signaling2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA 2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels2.15 Timing Relationships


PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)

BCCH (Broadcast Information)

eNBUE


MIB

CRCChannel CodingRate Matching

ScramblingModulation

Layer MappingPrecoding

Mapping to REs

10ms Frame

Page149

MIB to PBCH Mapping (FDD and Normal CP)

Syst

em

Band

wid

thPBCH


CFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel) - CFI Mapping

CFI Value Number of OFDM Symbols Assigned to DPCCH

N DLRB 10 N DL

RB 10

1 1 2

2 2 3

3 3 4


CFI to PCFICH MappingCFI

Channel Coding (Block1/16)ScramblingModulation


Mapping to REs

NRBDL

k

k = (Nsc /2)∙(NID mod 2NRB) k = k

k = k + NRB)/2 ∙ Nsc /2

k = k + 2NRB)/2 ∙ Nsc /2

k = k + 3NRB)/2 ∙ Nsc /2

RB DL

DL RB

DL

DL

RB

RB

Cell

OFDM Symbols allocated to

PDCCH

PCFICH

Reserved RSs


CFI Codewords

CFI CFI Codeword < b0, b1, …, b31 >

1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>

2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>

3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>

4 (Reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>


PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Frame - 10ms

5MHz

(25

Reso

urce

Blo

cks)

Downlink Control Region


REG to CCE and PDCCH Mapping

PDCCH PDCCH PDCCH

1, 2, 4 or 8 CCEs

CCE (9 x REG)

REG Resource Element


PDCCH to Control Region Mapping

PDCCH #0 PDCCH #N

REG

Interleaving and Cyclic Shift based on NID

REG

cell

00

x 0 R01

R 1 x11

x 2 R22

R 2 x

x R

R x

x R

R x3 43 4x 4 R3 4

5R 5 x6 56 5x 7 R6 76 7R 7 x

x R

R x

x R

R x

3

RBRB

PCFICH

PHICH


CCE Allocation Levels

1 CCE Level

2 CCE Level

4 CCE Level

8 CCE Level

Utilization


Search Spaces

0 1 2 3 4 5 976 8

Common Search Space UE-specific Search Space

1 - CCE

2 - CCE

4 - CCE

8 - CCE

CCE

Candidate Aggregation Set for Common Control

Candidate Aggregation Set

for UE-specific Control


PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel) Frame Structure Type 1 Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)


PHICH Mapping

PHICH Mapping Equation

PCFICHACK/NACK

Repetition 1/3Modulation

Orthogonal SequenceScrambling


DLgroupNPHICH

DLNg (NRB /8)2

For normal CP

For extended CP

Where: Ng = 1/6, ½, 1 or 2

Group 0

Up to eight ACK/NACK per PHICH Group


Extended PHICH ExampleSubframe

5MHz

(25

Reso

urce

Blo

cks)

Extended PHICH

Normal PHICH


PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)

x

R

x

R

x R

R x

x R

R x

x

R

x

R x

x R

R x

x R

R x

R

x

R

x

R

x

R

PDSCH Symbol

Mapping

PDSCH Symbols

Subframe

Reserved for Control


Downlink Control SignalingDCI Format Usage

0 Scheduling of PUSCH

1 Scheduling of one PDSCH codeword

1A Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword and random access procedure initiated by a PDCCH order

1B Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding information (Rank-1 transmission)

1C Very compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword

1D Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding and power offset information (multi-user MIMO)

2 Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in closed-loop spatial multiplexing MIMO

2A Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in open-loop spatial multiplexing MIMO

3 Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments

3A Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments


DCI Format 0 Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit,

where value 0 indicates format 0 and value 1 indicates format 1A.

Hopping flag. Resource block assignment and hopping resource

allocation. Modulation and coding scheme and redundancy

version. New data indicator. TPC command for scheduled PUSCH.


DCI Format 0 (cont.) Cyclic shift for DM RS. UL index - This field is present only for TDD

operation with uplink-downlink configuration 0. DAI (Downlink Assignment Index) - This field is

present only for TDD operation with uplink-downlink configurations 1-6.

CQI Request.


DCI Format 1 Resource allocation header (resource allocation type

0 / type 1). Resource block assignment. Modulation and coding scheme. HARQ process number. New data indicator. Redundancy version.


DCI Format 1 (cont.) TPC command for PUCCH. Downlink Assignment Index - This field is present in

TDD.

Ambiguous Sizes of Information Bits

12, 14, 16 ,20, 24, 26, 32, 40, 44, 56


DCI Format 1A Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit,


Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag - This is 1 bit and set to 0.

Resource block assignment - all bits are set to 1. Preamble Index. PRACH Mask Index. All the remaining bits are set to zero.


DCI Format 1A - Compact Scheduling Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit,


Localized/distributed VRB (Virtual Resource Block) assignment flag.

Resource block assignment (localized VRB /distributed VRB).

Modulation and coding scheme. HARQ process number. New data indicator.


DCI Format 1A - Compact Scheduling (cont.) Redundancy version. TPC command for PUCCH. Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

and is applicable to TDD configurations 1-6.


DCI Format 1B Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag Resource block assignment - different for localized

and distributed VRB. Modulation and coding scheme. HARQ process number. New data indicator. Redundancy version.


DCI Format 1B (cont.) TPC command for PUCCH. Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

and is applicable to TDD configurations 1-6. TPMI information for precoding - The TPMI

(Transmitted Precoding Matrix Indicator) information indicates which codebook index is used corresponding to the single-layer transmission.


DCI Format 1B (cont.) PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) confirmation for

precoding - This indicates whether precoding is based on the indicated TPMI or on the latest PMI report sent on the PUSCH.


DCI Format 1C Gap value - This indicates if or is to be utilized. Resource block assignment. Transport block size index.


DCI Format 1D Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag. Resource block assignment. Modulation and coding scheme. HARQ process number - the size of this varies

depending on FDD or TDD mode. New data indicator. Redundancy version.


DCI Format 1D (cont.) TPC command for PUCCH. Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

and is applicable to TDD configurations 1-6. TPMI information for precoding Downlink power offset - This is required for multi-

user MIMO scheduling in the downlink.


DCI Format 2 Resource allocation header - This indicates resource

allocation type 0 or type 1. Resource block assignment - This is for type 0 or 1

information. TPC command for PUCCH Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

and is applicable to TDD configurations 1-6. HARQ process number - the size of this varies

depending on FDD or TDD mode.


DCI Format 2 Transport block to codeword swap flag - This

determines the transport block to codeword mapping. However, if one of the transport blocks is disabled the mapping is different.

For the first Transport Block: Modulation and coding scheme. New data indicator. Redundancy version.


DCI Format 2 For the second Transport Block: Modulation and coding scheme. New data indicator. Redundancy version. Precoding information - This is either 3bits or 6bits

depending on the number of antenna ports.


DCI Format 2A

One codeword: Codeword 0 enabled, Codeword 1 disabled

Two codewords: Codeword 0 enabled, Codeword 1 enabled

Bit field mapped to index

Message Bit field mapped to index

Message

0 4 layers: Transmit diversity 0 2 layers: precoder cycling with large delay CDD

1 2 layers: precoder cycling with large delay CDD

1 3 layers: precoder cycling with large delay CDD

2 Reserved 2 4 layers: precoder cycling with large delay CDD

3 Reserved 3 Reserved


DCI Format 3 TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2,

…, TPC command number N, where:

20format LN


DCI Format 3A TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2,

…, TPC command number M - where

and where:

is equal to the payload size of format 0 before CRC attachment.

0format LM

0format L


PLMN/Cell Selection

Downlink Synchronization Complete

Page184

Initial Procedures

Power On Cell Search RACH Process

Uplink Synchronization Complete


Cell Search0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Frame - 10ms

5MHz (25 Resource Blocks)

PSS

SSS

PBCH


Physical Cell Identities

eNB

eNB

eNB

PSS - One of 3 Identities

SSS - One of 168 Group Identities

504 Unique Cell Identities


PSS CorrelationSubframe

Correlation

PSS0

PSS1

PSS2


SSS CorrelationSubframe

SSS

SSS

Cyclic Shift based on Cell ID and Subframe (0 or 5)

Device can identify Cell ID and frame timing


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

NRB

Frame

Page189

SI Messages - PBCH and the Master Information Block

MIB (Master Information Block)DL-Bandwidth (6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100)PHICH Configuration (Ng and Normal/Extended)System Frame Number


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

NRB

Frame

Page190

SI Block Type 1

Repetitions are scheduled in subframe #5 of all other radio frames for which SFN mod 2 = 0

SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)PLMN Identity ListTracking Area CodeE-CGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity) Cell Barred IndicationIntra Frequency ReselectionCSG IndicationCSG IdentityQrxlevminoffsetP-MaxFrequency Band IndicatorScheduling Info ListSIB Window Length (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40ms)System Info Value Tag


SI Block Type 1 PLMN Identity List - This is a list of PLMN identities.

The first listed PLMN-Identity is the primary PLMN. Tracking Area Code - This is a TAC (Tracking Area

Code) that is common for all the PLMNs listed. Cell Barred Indication. Intra Frequency Reselection - This is used to control

cell reselection to intra-frequency cells when the highest ranked cell is barred, or treated as barred by the UE


SI Block Type 1 (cont.) CSG Indication - if set to “TRUE”, the UE CSG (Closed

Subscriber Group) identity needs to match. CSG Identity - This is the identity of the Closed

Subscriber Group within the primary PLMN the cell belongs to.

Qrxlevminoffset - This affects the minimum required Rx level in the cell.

P-Max - This is part of the cell selection process. Frequency Band Indicator


SI Block Type 1 (cont.) SI Periodicity Mapping Information - This denotes a

value in radio frames: rf8, rf16, rf32, rf64, rf128, rf256, rf512 and is used to calculate the occurrence of messages

SIB Window Length - This is a common SI scheduling window for all SIB and indicates 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 40ms.

System Info Value Tag - Common for all SIBs other than MIB, SIB1, SIB10 and SIB11.


Example of SI Mapping

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 258

SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1).SI-Window=5msScheduling Info List- SI1 {rf8, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5}- SI2 {rf16, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9}

SI1 {rf8, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5}

SI2 {rf16, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9}

SFN


SI Block Type 2

SIB2 (System Information Block Type 2)Access Class InformationUplink Carrier FrequencyUL BandwidthMBSFN Configuration Information


SI Block Type 3SIB3 (System Information Block Type 3)Cell Reselection InformationQ-HystSpeed State Reselection ParametersQ-Hyst Speed SF (Scaling Factor)Treselection EUTRATreselection EUTRA SFS Intra SearchCell Reselection Serving Freq InfoS-Non-Intra Search InfoThreshold Serving Low ValueIntra Freq Cell Reselection Infop-MaxAllowed Measurement Bandwidth


SI Block Type 4

SIB4 (System Information Block Type 4)Intra Freq Neighbour Cell Listq-OffsetCellIntra Freq Black Cell ListCSG Physical Cell Id Range


SI Block Type 5

SIB5 (System Information Block Type 5)Inter Frequency Carrier Freq ListInter Frequency Carrier Freq InfoInter Frequency Neighbour Cell ListInter Frequency Neighbour Cell InfoInter Frequency Black Cell ListInter Frequency Black Cell Info


SI Block Type 6

SIB6 (System Information Block Type 6)Carrier Frequency List UTRAUTRA Reselection Information


SI Block Type 7

SIB7 (System Information Block Type 7)Carrier Frequency List GERANGERAN Reselection Information


SI Block Type 8

SIB8 (System Information Block Type 8)CDMA2000 Information


SI Block Type 9

SIB9 (System Information Block Type 9)Home eNB Name


PLMN SelectionPLMN selection may be initiated automatically or

manually

eNB may contain upto 6 PLMN Identities

3G Visited PLMN

LTE Visited PLMN

LTE Home PLMN

eNB

eNB

Node B

UE


Cell Selection

UE eNB

eNB

eNB Qrxlevmeas

Qrxlevmeas

Qrxlevmeas

Srxlev > 0 Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation


Cell Selection ParametersParameter Description Srxlev Cell Selection RX level value (dB).

Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP), where RSRP is defined as the linear average over the power contributions of the resource elements that carry cell specific reference signals within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth.

Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm).

Qrxlevminoffset Offset to the signaled Qrxlevmin taken into account in the Srxlev evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in a visited PLMN.

Pcompensation max (PEMAX - PUMAX, 0), where PEMAX is the maximum allowed power configured by higher layers.

PUMAX RF output power of the UE (dBm) according to the UE power class (this may vary depending on allowed tolerances).


Time Domain

CP Insertion

Subcarrier Mapping

Frequency Domain

Page207

SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping Concept

DFTSymbols

Time Domain

IDFT

0000

000


SC-FDMA Signal Generation

DFT

N symbols sequence produces N subcarriers

Different input sequence produces different output

First N Symbols

DFT Output

Modulated and Coded Symbols

DFT

Second N Symbols


SC-FDMA and the eNB

N Subcarriers

Time

PowerCyclic Prefix

IDFT

IDFT

First N Symbols

Second N Symbols


SC-FDMA Signal Generation Equation

12/

2/

212,

RBsc

ULRB

RBsc

ULRB

s,CP)(

NN

NNk

TNtfkjlkl

leats


SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA

Feature SC-FDMA OFDMA

Low PAPR Y X

Performance X Y

Uplink MIMO X Y


Uplink LTE Physical Channels

PRACH PUSCH PUCCH


PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)

SequenceCP

TCP TSEQ Guard PeriodPreamble


PRACH Guard Period

SequenceCP

eNBUE - A

SequenceCP

UE - B

UE - A

UE - B

eNB Access Window UE “B” delay

due to distance


Random Access Preamble Parameters

Preamble Format

Allocated Subframes

TSEQ (Ts)

TCP (Ts)

TCP (µs) TGT (Ts)

TGT (µs)

Max. Delay Spread (µs)

Max Cell Radius (km)

0 1 24576 3168 103.125 2976 96.875 5.208 14.531

1 2 24576 21024 684.375 15840 515.625 16.666 77.344

2 2 49152 6240 203.125 6048 196.875 5.208 29.531

3 3 49152 21024 684.375 21984 715.625 16.666 102.65

4 (TDD) Special Frame

4096 448 14.583 576 18.75 16.666 4.375


PRACH FDD Formats

Format 0

Format 1

Format 2

CP Zadoff Chu Sequence

6 PRB

Subframe 1ms Subframe 1ms

Format 3


CP

Subframe0

Subframe1

Subframe2

RB 24

RB 0

ZC

Page219

PRACH Configuration

839 Subcarriers1.25kHz(6RBs) PRACH Frequency

Offset (0 to 104 Resource Blocks)


PRACH Configuration IndexPRACH Configuration Index

Preamble Format

System Frame Number

Subframe Number

0 0 Even 1

1 0 Even 4

2 0 Even 7

3 0 Any 1

4 0 Any 4

5 0 Any 7

6 0 Any 1, 6

7 0 Any 2 ,7

8 0 Any 3, 8

9 0 Any 1, 4, 7

10 0 Any 2, 5, 8

11 0 Any 3, 6, 9

12 0 Any 0, 2, 4, 6, 8

13 0 Any 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

14 0 Any 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

15 0 Even 9

. . . .

. . . .

63 3 Even 9


PRACH Configuration and Preamble Sequences per Cell

eNB

Cell has 64 Preamble SequencesPRACH-Configuration

Root Sequence Index (0 to 837)PRACH Configuration Index (0 to 63)High Speed FlagZero Correlation Zone Configuration (0 to 15)PRACH Frequency Offset (0 to 104)

Constant amplitude Autocorrelation Cross correlation


Subframe

Page222

PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)

PUSCH Symbols

PDSCH Symbol

Mapping

Reference Signals


Multiplexing Control SignalingSubframe

PUSCH DataPUSCH Reference Signals

CQI/PMI

ACK/NACKRI (Rank)


PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

Subframe

Control Region 0

Control Region 1

Uplin

k Ca

rrier

Ban

dwid

th

Slot n Slot n+1

PRB=0

PRB=n

Control Region 2


FDD Timing

Subframe3

Subframe4

Subframe5

Subframe6

Subframe7

Subframe8

Subframe3

Subframe4

Subframe5

Subframe6

Subframe7

Subframe8

4 Subframe Delay

FDD: K=4

PDCCH

PUSCH

Downlink

Uplink


“K” Values for TDD ConfigurationsTDD UL/DL Configuration

K value for DL Subframe Number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 4* 6* 4* 6*

1 6 4 6 4

2 4 4

3 4 4 4

4 4 4

5 4

6 7 7 7 7 5


Example of TDD Configuration 2

K=4 Subframe Delay

0

Special Subframe

2 3 4 5 7 8 9

Switch to Uplink

TDD Configuration 2 (DSUDDDSUDD)

Switch to Downlink


Uplink Reference Signals

DRS (Demodulation Reference Signal)

SRS (SoundingReference Signal)


Demodulation Reference Signal Sequence length - This is part of the uplink

allocation. Sequence Groups (0-29) - This is cell specific. Sequence - Each group contains one sequence for

each length up to 5 PRB, and two sequences for each length from 6PRB.

12 Cyclic Shift options.


DRS Sequence Group Selection

Sequence Group Selection

Fixed Group Group Hopping


PUSCH DRS

Slot SlotSubframe

RRRRRRRRRRRR

12 S

ubca

rrier

s

RRRRRRRRRRRR

LTE DRS (Demodulation Reference Signals) transmitted across all subcarriers assigned to a UE


PUSCH DRS (Extended CP)

Slot SlotSubframe

12 S

ubca

rrier

sRRRRRRRRRRRR

RRRRRRRRRRRR

Extended CP DRS Location


Requirement for SRS

eNB

Subframe5M

Hz (2

5 Re

sour

ce B

lock

s)

Assigned Resources

UE

SubframeNo Channel Information

No Channel Information


SRS Frequency Hopping

eNB

Subframe5M

Hz (2

5 Re

sour

ce B

lock

s)

UE

0 1 2 3 4

SRS


SRS Allocation

Subframe

12 S

ubca

rrier

s

SRS Symbol

UE 1 and 2 (Using different cyclic shifts)

UE 3 and 4 (Using different cyclic shifts)


PUCCH FormatsPUCCH Format

Description Modulation Type

Bits per subframe

1 Scheduling Request N/A N/A

1a ACK/NACK BPSK 1

ACK/NACK+SR

1b ACK/NACK QPSK 2

ACK/NACK+SR

2 CQI/PMI or RI QPSK 20

(CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK (Extended CP only)

2a (CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK (normal CP only)

QPSK+BPSK 21

2b (CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK (normal CP only)

QPSK+QPSK 22


PUCCH Format 1 Information is carried by the presence/absence of

transmission of PUCCH from the UE. UE is assigned a resource index which indicates a

resource every nth frame that can be used to transmit a SR (Scheduling Request).

The size of PUCCH format 1 is 0bits


PUCCH Format 1a and 1b

UL RS UL RS UL RS

1 or 2 bit ACK/NACK

IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT

W0 W1 W2 W3

Length 4 Sequence

Slot

BPSK/QPSK

Cyclically shifted

length-12 sequence

To Next Slot


PUCCH Format 2 (Normal CP)

IFFT IFFT IFFT

Slot (Normal CP)

IFFT IFFT

Cyclically shifted

length-12 sequence

To Next Slot

No Orthogonal Code Applied CQI/PMI or RI


IFFT IFFT IFFT

Slot (Extended CP)

IFFT IFFT

CQI/PMI or RI + ACK/NACK

Cyclically shifted

length-12 sequence

To Next Slot

Page243

PUCCH Format 2 (Extended CP)


PUCCH Format 2a and 2bACK/NACK Coding They are bit scrambled by a UE specific scrambling

sequence. The initialization of the scrambling sequence

generator is the same as that of the PUSCH. BPSK (2a) or QPSK (2b) modulation for the 2nd RS

symbol in each slot is used. This carries ACK/NACK. Format 2a: QPSK CQI + BPSK ACK/NACK Format 2b: QPSK CQI + QPSK ACK/NACK


PUCCH Format 2a and 2bACK/NACK Coding (cont.)

2nd RSSlot (Normal CP)

IFFT

1st RS

Cyclically shifted

length-12 sequence

1 or 2 bit ACK/NACK To Next

Slot


Send Preamble

Page247

LTE Random Access Procedure

Identify RACH Preambles

Identify PRACH Format

ReceiveResponse

No

Decode Response

Yes

Send RRC Connection

Request

MAC Connection Resolution

SRB Established


Random Access RRC Signaling Procedure

UE eNBPRACH Preamble SequenceRACH

MAC Scheduling Grant

RRC Connection RequestUL-SCH

RRC Connection Setup CompleteUL-SCHSignalling Radio Bearer

(RRC Connected)

RRC Connection SetupDL-SCH

MAC Contention Resolution


Scheduled MessageE.g. RRC Connection

Request

PRACH PRACH PRACH PDCCHDL-SCH

PUSCH

Noise/Interference

Page249

PRACH Probing

PRACH Power Control

eNB indicates the preamble/ZC sequence was received and includes initial UL grant


Parameters for Random AccessParameter Description PRACH-ConfigInfo This contains: prach-ConfigIndex, highSpeedFlag,

zeroCorrelationZoneConfig and prach-FreqOffset

ra-ResponseWindowSize Random access response window size in subframes (sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5, sf6, sf7, sf8 or sf10)

powerRampingStep Power ramping factor (dB0, dB2,dB4 or dB6)

preambleTransMax Maximum number of preamble transmission (n3, n4, n5, n6, n7, n8, n10, n20, n50, n100 or n200)

preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower Initial preamble power (-120, -118, -116, -114, -112, -110, -108, -106, -104, -102, -100, -98, -96, -94, -92 or -90 dBm)

DELTA_PREAMBLE Preamble format based offset

maxHARQ-Msg3Tx Maximum number of Msg3 HARQ transmissions (1 to 8)

mac-ContentionResolutionTimer Contention Resolution Timer (sf8, sf16, sf24, sf32, sf40, sf48, sf56 or sf64)

numberOfRA-Preambles Number of preambles used (n4, n8, n12, n16 ,n20, n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48, n52, n56, n60 or n64)

sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA Number of preambles assigned to group A (n4, n8, n12, n16 ,n20, n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48, n52, n56 or n60)

messagePowerOffsetGroupB Part of the power equation to identify which group to use (minusinfinity, dB0, dB5, dB8, dB10, dB12, dB15, or dB18)

messageSizeGroupA Part of the size equation to identify which group to use (b56, b144, b208, b256},

ra-PreambleIndex The preamble to use as parted of dedicated configuration (0 to 63)

ra-PRACH-MaskIndex The resource to use as parted of dedicated configuration (0 to 15)


Allocation of Preamble Groups

eNB

UE

numberOfRA-Preambles

0 1 2 3 4 63sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA

0 1 2 3 4 Preambles Group B is used dependent on messages size and pathloss


Random Access Response Window

eNB

Subframes

UE

Random Access

sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5, sf6, sf7, sf8, sf10

RA Response Window Size

+3 Subframes


MAC Random Access Response

UE eNBPRACH Preamble Sequence

MAC Scheduling Grant

RAPID (Random Access Preamble ID)TAUL GrantTemporary C-RNTI


Uplink Transmission

eNB

n

Subframes

UE

Random Access

RA Response Window

RAPID Response

+3 n+k1 (k1 ≥ 6)

Assigned UL-SCH



UE eNBIncludes UE Identity

RRC Connection RequestUL-SCH MAC Responds with UE Identity



Uplink Power Control

eNB

UE

Uplink Power ControlPUSCHPUCCHPRACH

SRS


PUSCH Power Control:

PUCCH Power Control:

PRACH Power Control:PPRACH = min{ , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER +

PL} dBm

Page258

Power Control Calculations

)}()()()())((log10,min{)( TFO_PUSCHPUSCH10CMAXPUSCH ifiPLjjPiMPiP

igFnnhPLPPiP HARQCQI F_PUCCH0_PUCCHCMAXPUCCH ,,min

CMAXP


Paging Issues

eNB

Subframes

UE

Decoding every subframe would impact battery performance

Paging Message for this UE


DRX Reception of Paging

eNB

Subframes

UE

DRX improves battery performance

Buffered in eNB Paging Message for this UE


Paging FrameFDD Subframe Patterns

Ns PO when i_s=0

PO when i_s=1

PO when i_s=2

PO when i_s=3

1 9 N/A N/A N/A

2 4 9 N/A N/A

4 0 4 5 9


Paging FrameTDD Subframe Patterns

Ns PO when i_s=0

PO when i_s=1

PO when i_s=2

PO when i_s=3

0 0 N/A N/A N/A

2 0 5 N/A N/A

4 0 1 5 6


ARQ vs. HARQARQImplemented at RLC LayerSlow RetransmissionNot optimized for Radio Interference

HARQNot New – used in HSPA and HSPA+

Implemented at MAC and PHY LayersFast Retransmission

Optimized for Radio InterferenceImproved system efficiency

eNBUE


Basic Concepts of SAW

eNB

1 2

ACK

UE

SAW (Stop and Wait) What is sent here?

UE acknowledges and next transmission can be sent


HARQ Parallel Processes

eNB

1 2

UE

3 4 7 85 6 1 2 3 4 7 85 6 1 2 3

AAA AAA AAA NA A AAA

HARQ with 8 parallel processes New

data Retransmission


HARQ Methods

ChaseCombing

Incremental Redundancy


Redundancy Versions and Soft Bits

Original Data

1/3 Rate Turbo Coding

1st TX

2nd TX

Reff. = 4/5

Reff. = 4/5

Rate Matching Redundancy Version

IR Buffer Size = 10bitsReff.=4/5

Reff.=2/5

NACK

ACK


HARQ in LTEFDD HARQ Processes

eNB

UE

8 HARQ Processes

8 HARQ Processes - Normal Scheduling4 HARQ Processes - Subframe Bundling Scheduling


HARQ in LTETDD HARQ Processes

TDD UL/DL Configuration Maximum Number of HARQ Processes

0 4

1 7

2 10

3 9

4 12

5 15


HARQ in the Downlink Asynchronous adaptive HARQ. Uplink ACK/NAKs in response to downlink

(re)transmissions are sent on PUCCH or PUSCH. PDCCH signals the HARQ process number and if it is

a transmission or retransmission. Retransmissions are always scheduled through

PDCCH.


HARQ in the Uplink Synchronous HARQ. Maximum number of retransmissions configured per

UE (as opposed to per Radio Bearer). Downlink ACK/NAKs in response to uplink

(re)transmissions are sent on PHICH.


Uplink HARQ Operation

HARQ feedback seen by the UE

PDCCH seen by the UE

UE behaviour

ACK or NACK New Transmission New transmission according to PDCCH

ACK or NACK Retransmission Retransmission according to PDCCH (adaptive retransmission)

ACK None No (re)transmission, keep data in HARQ buffer and a PDCCH is required to resume retransmissions

NACK None Non-adaptive retransmission


Downlink ACK NACK Timing

Page275

Subframe3

Subframe4

Subframe5

Subframe6

Subframe7

Subframe8

Subframe3

Subframe4

Subframe5

Subframe6

Subframe7

Subframe8

FDD: K=4

PDCCH+PDPSCH Data

ACK on PUCCH or PUSCH

Downlink

Uplink


Uplink ACK NACK Timing

Page276

Subframe3

Subframe4

Subframe5

Subframe6

Subframe7

Subframe8

Subframe3

Subframe4

Subframe5

Subframe6

Subframe7

Subframe8

FDD: K=4

PHICH

PUSCH

Downlink

Uplink


SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO

SU-MIMOMU-MIMO

eNB

UE

Increases capacity since a single user benefits from multiple data streams.

eNBUE

UE

Increases sector capacity by allowing

users to share streams.


Transmission Modes Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no

MIMO. Mode 2 - Transmit diversity. Mode 3 - Transmit diversity or with Large Delays CDD

is used. Mode 4 - Transmit diversity or Closed-loop spatial

multiplexing. Mode 5 - Transmit diversity or multi user MIMO (more

than one UE is assigned to the same resource block). Mode 6 - Transmit diversity or closed loop precoding

for rank=1 (i.e. no spatial multiplexing, but precoding is used).

Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beamforming).


Spatial Multiplexing MIMO

eNB

UE

Port 0

Port 1TB

TBMIMO

TB

TB

2x2 SM (Spatial Multiplexing)


Spatial Multiplexing Interference Issues

eNB

UE

Port 0

Port 1TB

TBMIMO

TB

TB

Interference causes twice as may errors

Interference


MIMO Single Stream

eNB

UE

Port 0

Port 1

MIMO TB

Interference

TB1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

123 456

Form of STC

TB Still Recoverable

Increased Robustness


Adaptive MIMO Switching

Other Methods

Spatial Multiplexing

High SNRLow SNR

Effi

cien

cy

UEeNB

AMS Point


Spatial Multiplexing in LTEPDSCH Processing

Antenna PortsCodewords

Scrambling

Scrambling

Modulation Mapper

Modulation Mapper

Layer Mapper Precoding

Layers



OFDM Signal

Generation

OFDM Signal

Generation


Codebook Based PrecodingCodebook Index Number of Layers

1 2

0

11

21

1001

21

1

11

21

1111

21

2

j1

21

jj11

21

3

j1

21

-


Feedback Reporting

CQI PMI RI


4bit CQI TableCQI Index Modulation Code Rate x 1024 Efficiency 0 out of range

1 QPSK 78 0.1523

2 QPSK 120 0.2344

3 QPSK 193 0.3770

4 QPSK 308 0.6016

5 QPSK 449 0.8770

6 QPSK 602 1.1758

7 16QAM 378 1.4766

8 16QAM 490 1.9141

9 16QAM 616 2.4063

10 64QAM 466 2.7305

11 64QAM 567 3.3223

12 64QAM 666 3.9023

13 64QAM 772 4.5234

14 64QAM 873 5.1152

15 64QAM 948 5.5547


Questions Which protocol performs air interface ciphering and

integrity?a.PDCP.b.RLC.c.MAC.d.PHY.


Questions True / False. All System Information messages are

transferred on the BCH.


Questions How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal

CP is used?a.5.b.6.c.7.d.8.


Questions What is the maximum number of codewords that LTE

can use?a.1.b.2.c.3.d.4.


Questions How many symbols are in a slot when operating with

a normal CP?a.6b.7c.8d.9


Questions How many physical cell identities are there?

a.168b.256c.504d.512


Questions How many REG make up a CCE?

a.6b.7c.8d.9


Questions Which DCI Format is used to allocate uplink

resources?a.DCI Format 0b.DCI Format 1c.DCI Format 1ad.DCI Format 1b


Questions What is the TTI for the MIB?

a.1msb.10msc.40msd.80ms


Questions How many PRACH sequences are on each cell?

a.64b.128c.256d.512


Questions How many HARQ processes are used in the

downlink?a.4b.6c.8d.10


Contents3. Dynamic Resource Allocation

3.1 Scheduling Principles and Signaling3.2 Scheduler Interaction3.3 Dynamic and Semi Persistent Scheduling


IP Scheduling

eNBBTS

Node B

Historically voice is delivered on dedicated channels

Services including voice are packetized

LTE is purely IP based


Basic Scheduling in a Cell

eNB

A CBUsersIdeal Resource (based

on QoS) for this subframe (1ms TTI)

Available Cell Resources

Time

Loading and scheduling issues need managing


QoS in Packet Switched NetworksPacket Schedulers and Classifiers

VoIP

FTPPacket

ClassifierPacket

Scheduler

BFTP

AVoIP

BFTP

AVoIP x5

X2

eNB

UE

UE

PDN-GWMME

S-GW

EPCE-UTRAN


Key Factors Influencing Scheduling

eNB

Neighbor Cell Interference

eNB

Scheduling Mode

UE

Feedback e.g. CQI

UERetransmissions

UE

UE Category

Uplink Interference

Buffer Status

Guaranteed Bearers

eNB Configuration

Bandwidth Configuration


Scheduling Methods

Minimum throughput demands for

guaranteed service in order of priority

Maximum throughput demands (various

methods)

Proportional Fair

MAX C/I

Biased


DCI Format 2 Resource allocation header - This indicates resource

allocation type 0 or type 1. Resource block assignment - This is for type 0 or 1

information. TPC command for PUCCH Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

and is applicable to TDD configurations 1-6. HARQ process number - the size of this varies

depending on FDD or TDD mode.


DCI Format 2 Transport block to codeword swap flag - This

determines the transport block to codeword mapping. However, if one of the transport blocks is disabled the mapping is different.

For the first Transport Block: Modulation and coding scheme. New data indicator. Redundancy version.


DCI Format 2 For the second Transport Block: Modulation and coding scheme. New data indicator. Redundancy version. Precoding information - This is either 3bits or 6bits

depending on the number of antenna ports.


PDSCH Resource Allocation - Type 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P P P

Type 0

1 Bit



0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P

PP

P

PP

Subset 0

Subset p

Type 1

p Bits



0 1 2 3 40 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 810 11 12

14 139

11RIV


Modulation and TBS Index for PDSCH MCS

Index MCSI

Modulation Order

mQ

TBS Index

TBSI

MCS Index

MCSI

Modulation Order

mQ

TBS Index

TBSI

0 2 0 16 4 15

1 2 1 17 6 15

2 2 2 18 6 16

3 2 3 19 6 17

4 2 4 20 6 18

5 2 5 21 6 19

6 2 6 22 6 20

7 2 7 23 6 21

8 2 8 24 6 22

9 2 9 25 6 23

10 4 9 26 6 24

11 4 10 27 6 25

12 4 11 28 6 26

13 4 12 29 2 Reserved

14 4 13 30 4

15 4 14 31 6


5MHz

(25

Reso

urce

Blo

cks)

TBS size

Physical Bits

RV

1/3 Rate coding

Punctured

Page314

Using the TBS SizeLocal and Distributed VRB (Virtual Resource Block) Options

Scheduled5RB (MIMO SM)

16QAM

TBS(s) Size

RV


Scheduler Interaction

Scheduler

Layer 3 RRM Manager

HARQ

Layer 2Layer 1

Link Adaptation

Dynamic Allocation

UE MAC

Layer 1 Reports + UCI + SRS

Layer 2 RRM Manager

Buffer Status

Layer 3Layer 2


Questions Which entity performs the allocation and scheduling

of the air interface resources?a.UE.b.eNB.c.MME.d.All of the above.


Questions Identify three main factors influencing resource

scheduling.


Questions How many MCS Indexes are there in LTE?

a.16.b.32.c.64.d.128


Questions How many subframes are allocated when TTI

(subfrrame) bundling is configured?a.2b.3c.4d.5


Dynamic Scheduling

ACK/NACK

Downlink

Uplink

0 1 2 3 4 5

PDSCH

DPDCCHMobile Receives

Mobile Sends

PUCCH

Dynamic


Semi-Persistent Scheduling

ACK/NACK

Downlink

Uplink

0 1 2 3 4 5

PDSCH

SPDCCHMobile Receives

PUCCH

Semi-Persistent

ACK/NACK

Mobile Sends

Mobile Sends


Contents4. Intra LTE Mobility

4.1 Intra LTE Mobility4.2 Reporting Options4.3 Mobility Measurements


Intra-LTE Mobility

Idle StateMobility

Active State Mobility


Idle State - Cell Reselection

eNBUE

Frequency 1 eNB

eNB

Frequency 2

Frequency 1

Intra-Frequency

Inter-Frequency


Time

Squal

Page329

Sintrasearch Parameter

Sintrasearch


High and Medium Mobility State Impact to Treselection

eNBUEeNB

Cell is better for duration of Treselection (may have

scaling applied )


Ranking of Cells - Ranking Equation

Rs = Qmeas,s + QHyst

Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffset


Active State Mobility - Intra LTE

Serving Neighbor

Measurements and Reporting

Margin

RSRP RSRP

UEeNB eNB

Handover Preparation

Perform Handover


Source

UEeNB eNB MME S-GW

Target

Page333

LTE Handover

MeasurementReport(s) Handover Request

HandoverRequest AckRRC Connection

Reconfiguration Request

SN StatusTransfer

Handover ConfirmedPath Switch

RequestModifyBearer

Path SwitchRequest Ack


Measurement Configuration Parameters

eNBMeasConfigmeasObjectToRemoveListmeasObjectIdmeasObjectreportConfigToRemoveListreportConfigIdreportConfig measIdToRemoveListmeasGapConfig s-MeasuretimeToTrigger-SF

UE

RRC Connection Reconfiguration message


Report Configuration Parameters

eNBMeasConfig reportConfigEUTRA triggerType (event or Periodic) triggerQuantity (RSRP, RSRQ) reportQuantity maxReportCells reportInterval reportAmount ThresholdEUTRA

UE

RRC Connection Reconfiguration message


Periodic and Event Reporting

UE

eNB

Threshold

Periodic

UE

Event Based

Event triggered based on threshold, hysterisis and TTT

(Time To Trigger)


Measurement GapsNon Gap Assisted

Fc

Band

wid

th

Band

wid

th

Same frequency, same bandwidth, non gap

assisted

Same frequency, different bandwidth,

non gap assisted

Same frequency, different bandwidth,

non gap assisted

Fc

Band

wid

th

Band

wid

th

Fc

Band

wid

th

Band

wid

th


Different frequency, overlapping

bandwidth, gap assisted

Different frequency, overlapping

bandwidth, gap assisted

Different frequency, no overlapping bandwidth, gap

assisted

Fc

Band

wid

th

Fc

Band

wid

th

Band

wid

th

Fc

Band

wid

th

Band

wid

th

Band

wid

th

Page340

Measurement GapsGap Assisted


Gap Configuration

SFN mod T = FLOOR(gapOffset /10)

subframe = gapOffset mod 10

where: T= TGRP/10


UE Measurements E-UTRA Carrier RSSI RSRP RSRQ

Page342


Questions True / False. Adjacent LTE cells can utilize the same,

or difference, frequency band.


Questions What is the name of the parameter which can be

used to configure if intra-frequency measurements should be performed?


Questions Which message is used to provide the UE with Active

State measurement configuration information?a.System Information.b.RRC Connection Setup.c.RRC Connection Reconfiguration.d.Measurement Control.


Questions Which measurement event is used to indicate that a

neighbor cell is “an offset” better than the serving cell?a.Event A1.b.Event A2.c.Event A3.d.Event A4.

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