LTE (4G) O “futuro” - IEEE · PDF fileLTE (4G) – O “futuro” do...

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CAPITALS

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LTE (4G) – O “futuro” do celular

network engineer

Luiz jose villela nogueira

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text in the footer area OI LTE Workshop | Commercial in confidence | 2012-11-29 |

Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution

› Lte fundamentals

› Ran sharing

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution


– Terminology / Modulation / key features

– Architecture

– Interoperability (DATA / CSFB / SMS)

– VoLTE

– LTE In the future

› Ran sharing

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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History › 1G FDMA (NMT, AMPS, TACS) 80’s

– Voice (analog traffic, digital signaling)

› 2G TDMA (GSM, D-AMPS, PDC) and CDMA (IS-95) 90’s

– Voice, SMS, CS data transfer ~ 9.6 kbit/s (50 kbit/s HSCSD)

› 2.5G TDMA (GPRS) 00’s

– PS data transfer ~ 50 kbit/s

› 2.75G TDMA (GPRS+EDGE) 00’s

– PS data ~ 150kbit/s

› 3-3.5G WCDMA (UMTS) and CDMA 2000 00’s

– PS & CS data transfer ~ 14-42 Mbit/s (HSPA/HSPA+), Voice, SMS

› 3.9G OFDMA (LTE/SAE) 10’s

– VoIP and Data ~ 100Mbit/s

› 4G IMT Advanced

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Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution



– Architecture


– VoLTE


› Ran sahring

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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3gpp evolution

› HSPA Evolution

– gradually improved performance at a low additional cost prior to the

introduction of LTE

› LTE

– improved performance in a wide range of spectrum allocations

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Mobile System Evolution

› LTE is the Global standard for Next Generation – FDD and

TDD

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Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution



– Architecture


– VoLTE


› Ran sharing

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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EPC - Evolved Packet Core

eUTRAN - Evolved UTRAN

EPS – Evolved Packet System

Terminology

LTE - Long Term Evolution

SAE - System Architecture Evolution

EPS

EPC

eUTRAN

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Modulation comparison

› TDMA/GSM Time Division Multiple Access (D-AMPS / GSM) – each user on a different window period in time (“time slot”)

– a channel is a specific time slot on a specific frequency

› CDMA/WCDMA Code Division Multiple Access (W = wide) (CDMA / WCDMA) – each user uses the same frequency all the time, but mixed with different distinguishing code

patterns

– a channel is a unique (set of) code pattern(s)

› OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (DL LTE) – Channel-dependent scheduling and link adaptation

in time and frequency domain

Power

Power

Power

› FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access (AMPS) – each user on a different frequency

– a channel is a frequency

› SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (UL LTE) – with dynamic bandwidth (Pre-coded OFDM)

– Low PAPR Higher power efficiency

– Reduced uplink interference (enables intra-cell orthogonality )

frequency

frequency

Δf=15kHz

180 kHz

User #2 scheduled User #1 scheduled

User #3

scheduled

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Key LTE radio access features

TX TX

Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity

Beam-forming

Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

20 MHz 1.4 MHz

Spectrum flexibility

Flexible bandwidth

New and existing bands

Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

SC-FDMA

OFDMA LTE radio access

Downlink: OFDM

Uplink: SC-FDMA

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MISO (Multiple In Single Out)

Beam forming

Transmit diversity

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)

Receive diversity

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)

All above +

Spatial multiplexing (MIMO)

eNodeB Terminal

device

Radio channel

eNodeB Terminal

device

Radio channel

eNodeB Terminal

device

Radio channel

Multi-antenna Transmission

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Spectrum Flexibility

› New and existing bands

› FDD and TDD

› Flexible bandwidth

Channel bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Maximum Throughput [Mbps]

(MIMO 2x2) 8.8 22 36.7 73.3 110.1 150.7

Number of Resource Blocks 6 15 25 50 75 100

1.4MHz: 6 Resource Blocks

20 MHz: 100 Resource Blocks

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text in the footer area OI LTE Workshop | Commercial in confidence | 2012-11-29 | Page 15

terminal Categories

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2G/3G

Iub or Abis Iub or Abis

CORE NETWORK

Controller Controller

Base Station Base Station

Core

RAN

LTE

S1

S-GW

eNB

Core

RAN

MME

eNB

S1

X2

Lte a flat architecture

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Lte ran architecture theory Involved interfaces

Mul

S1-U

S1-C

X2-U

X2-C

eNodeB eNodeB

IP connectivity

MMEMMEMME

S-GWS-GWS-GW

OSS-RCOSS-RCOSS-RC

SEVERAL INTERFACES INVOLVED BUT

MAIN CONTRIBUTION IS FROM S1-UP

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EPS/GRAN/UTRAN Architecture

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mobility between gsm-wcdma-lte

The following IRAT mobility is currently supported in the Ericsson system (the

minimum released needed is indicated within the parenthesis:

• WCDMA: between all states to GSM and to LTE in idle mode

• GSM: from all states to WCDMA and to LTE in idle mode

• LTE: from all states to WCDMA and GSM

PSHO

RwR to LTE

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CS Fall back overview › CS Fallback allows a LTE UE to drop back to the WCDMA or GSM network if IMS VoIP capabilities are not supported.

› CS Fallback requires the UE to fallback from E-UTRAN and rather uses either GSM or WCDMA if it must connect to the CS domain.

› CS Fallback function is of course only possible to realize in areas where E-UTRAN coverage is overlapped with GSM and WCDMA coverage.

› CS Fallback will always direct the UE to whichever frequency relation has the highest priority. If the same priority is configured for multiple frequencies, the eNB will redirect the UE based on a simple Round Robin Algorithm for the load sharing, which is the new enhancement introduced in L12A

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SMS overview › SMSoSGs is an optional feature which enables MO SMS and MT SMS to be relayed via

MME to and from the MSC/VLR. The MO SMS and MT SMS are signalled over SGs and do not cause any CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN RATs, and consequently does not require any overlapped GERAN/UTRAN coverage.

› The Network Access Server (NAS) interface is used towards the UE and the SGs interface is used towards the MSC/VLR. MME provides a signaling relay service so that a transparent transfer of SMS between UE and MSC/VLR is possible.

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VoLTE Overview

Serving GW

E-UTRAN

PDN Gateway

SAPC Policy

Control

MME

IMS

Internet

Dedicated Voice Bearer QCI=1

S1-U Uu

(LTE)

Service Detection (Rx) 2

3

Set up Dedicated Bearer (Gx)

{3GPP QoS Profile}

S5

Gx

S1

1

Default Bearer QCI8 or QCI9

Default Bearer Default Bearer as IMS Bearer (QCI=5)

IMS APN

Internet APN

PDN = Packet Data Network

APN = Access Point Name

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› Operators, especially former CDMA operators are becoming interested

in VoLTE

– Including: Verizon & Metro PCS (US), Korean Operators (SKT & LGU+),

AT&T also has expressed interest publically

› Driver is to move away from legacy networks & technologies

– Remove legacy core nodes and terminals from the network

– Drivers includes freeing up spectrum for more LTE

› Requires an IMS core

› Some RAN features are also required

– List includes: TTI bundling, ROHC (Robust Header Compression), Semi-

persistent scheduling, QoS capabilities, admission control etc

Voice over LTE

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LTE in the Future – Evolution!

› LTE Advanced study in 3GPP

– Start March 2008

– Expected Release 10 (2011)

› LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10

› Major enhancements

– Higher peak rates

– Relaying solutions

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LTE 3GPP Rel 10 Higher peak rates

› Carrier aggregation

› Spectrum aggregation

› DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

20 MHz

100 MHz total bandwidth

20 MHz 20 MHz

40 MHz total bandwidth

4

8

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !

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Ericsson 1 Gbps LTE

FlyingLTE_HD_no subtitles.mov

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Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution



– Architecture


– VoLTE


› Ran sharing

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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Why Share Networks?

Reduced CAPEX and OPEX

• Save money on building and

operating the network

Quick start of services • speed up roll-out

service and coverage

• faster time to market

• reduced risk of lost market

share

Address more customers • providing more cost-effective

coverage

• earlier service availability

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Serving GW

Cell

PDN GW, HSS,

& apps

MME

eNB

introduction Shared networks

Operator A’s nodes or resources

Operator B’s nodes or resources

Shared nodes and resources

Gateway Core

Network

(scenario 2)

Site Sharing Gateway Core

Network

(scenario 1)

User plane only

Control plane and User plane

Multi Operator

Core Network

Shared

LTE RBS (separate

frequencies)

Shared

LTE RBS (separate

frequencies)

Geographical

Split Networks

Equipment sharing

Non shared spectrum

Equipment sharing

Shared spectrum

Shared

LTE RBS (separate

frequencies)

Implemented Solution

Oi & TIM

Solution would be

implemented after

ANATEL Regulation.

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› Individual Core Network

› Common Radio network – Shared resources (baseband, radio, transmission, RBS), but

separate carriers (per operator)

– One PLMN code is allocated per operator

– All pages will be sent to both operators’ cells

– Traffic volume and most of counters observability per operator

– IP address coordination between the two EPCs is needed

– Shared certificate for IPsec tunnels

› Common O&M management

introduction Shared LTE RBS Based on MORAN

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› Individual Core Network

› Common Radio network – Shared resources (baseband, radio, transmission, RBS,

bandwidth)

– One Carrier for both operators

– One PLMN code is allocated per operator

– Traffic volume and most of counters observability per operator

› Common O&M management

› The whole bandwidth is available to all users

independent of operator

› Needs approval from ANATEL

› FFI and Rollout in Japan

introduction Shared LTE RBS Based on MOCN

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Ran Sharing around the world

Serving GW

Cell

PDN GW, HSS,

& apps

MME

eNB

Gateway Core

Network

(scenario 1)

Multi Operator

Core Network

Shared

LTE RBS (separate

frequencies)

• Magyar Telecom & TeleNor, Hungary

• Rogers & NetCom, Canada • CS Fallback

• TMO & MetroPCS, USA

• eAccess & SBM, Japan • CS Fallback, IFLB

• Telefonica & Vodafone, UK • IPSec, CS Fallback

• Oi & TIM, Brazil • Same DU/RA, separate cells

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Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution



– Architecture


– VoLTE


› Ran sharing

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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14X

Mobile Traffic & coverage growth

Mobile data traffic for

smartphones will grow ~14

times between 2012 and

2018

50% LTE population

coverage in 2017

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LTE killer applications

› Mobile internet access

services

Live

Mobile

Video

Mobile/Portabl

e gaming

Cloud-Based

Computing

Augmented

Reality

Emergency

Response and

Telemedicine

http://www.pcworld.com/article/195500/4g_killer_apps_a_top_five.html

MOBILE INTERNET ACCESS SERVICES WILL

BE THE “KILLER 4G SERVICE”

http://www.pcworld.com/article/195500/4g_killer_apps_a_top_five.html

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USA/Canada

50%Asia Pacific

45%

Europe: Western

3%

Europe: Eastern

2%

48 M LTE subs, Oct 2012 - 466 LTE Capable Devices

*Oct 2012, Source: WCIS+

95% of all LTE subscribers are in

USA/Canada, Japan and South Korea

90% of shipped LTE devices are SmartPhones

LTE Top 10 Subscribers

(Millions)

Verizon US 16

NTT

DoCoMo

7

SKT Korea 6

AT&T US 6

LGU+ Korea 4

Korea

Telecom

3

W Europe 1,2

MetroPCS 1,2

Rogers 0,8

eAccess 0,6

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LTE Leadership First in Australia, Europe, north America, Asia and now...South America

› More than 90 LTE contracts in 37 countries and 5 continents

3 public safety

solution

contracts

TeliaSonera

Sweden DNA

MetroPCS

Verizon

Sprin

t

Rogers

TDC

Vodafone D2 T-Mobile, Hungary

Bouygues

Etisalat

Augere

NTT Docomo

China Mobile

Telstra

AT&T

SK Telecom

NET America

NBN

LG U+

Open Mobile

UNE

TeliaSonera

Norway

TeliaSonera

Estonia

Vodafone Portugal TIM

Swisscom

STC

eAccess

12 Roaming operators

Operator 2

MTS

UPC

A1 T-Mobile

Softbank

KT France Telecom

Bouygues

Claro

Note: Not all contracts shown

Oi

Vivo

Telcel

Crick

et

AT&T

Vodafone Spain

Optimus Portugal 3 Italia

SmarTone

SingTel

Omantel

Smart

Tim

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Initial commercial LTE Devices - 2010 Dongles Smart Phones

MetroPCS

TeliaSonera

Verizon

AT&T With SW upgrade

N4M

Vfe Germany

DoCoMo

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Smartphones in 2011

Verizon Smartphones (1Q2011)

• Simultaneous Voice & LTE (Dual Tx / Rx)

• Handles CS voice & data simultaneously

MetroPCS Smartphones (3Q2010)

• Dual Rx CSFB

• Suspends LTE for voice call

Smartphones in Korea (3Q2011)

• CS Fallback

• Simultaneous Voice & LTE (Dual Tx / Rx)

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LTE Eco system Demos @ MWC12 Smartphones Tablets Routers/FWT Modems

TDD TDD

TDD

TDD

CAT 4

modem

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>40 Million LTE SMARTPHONES

90% of shipped LTE devices are

Smartphones

at&t

Verizon South

Korea

Europe

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://comparebatterylife.com/images/HTC_One_X_screen.jpg&imgrefurl=http://comparebatterylife.com/htc-one-x-battery-life-review/&usg=__1JT9Vy8KEImy576WyIA-9s4IzXY=&h=511&w=350&sz=41&hl=en&start=4&zoom=1&tbnid=1CMDIwY9Z7i3hM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=90&ei=ylejT6C9H4OY8gS80exT&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhtc%2Bone%2Bx%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3442&c=samsung_sgh-i667_mandel

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3322&c=samsung_sgh-i757_galaxy_s_ii_skyrocket_hd_lte

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3288&c=samsung_sgh-i717_galaxy_note_lte

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3202&c=lg_p935_optimus_4g_lte

http://www.wireless.att.com/cell-phone-service/cell-phone-details/?device=LG+Nitro+(TM)+HD+-+Black&q_sku=sku5450223

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3295&c=htc_titan_ii

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3281&c=nokia_lumia_900_4g_lte_nokia_eloko

http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=specs&id=3208&c=htc_vivid_htc_holiday

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://1.androidauthority.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Pantech-Burst.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.androidauthority.com/pantech-element-vs-pantech-burst-48443/&usg=__CKV0edMHm-Lor39zddwkuF105ek=&h=505&w=300&sz=31&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=C8pI5fyFYXXf3M:&tbnh=130&tbnw=77&ei=iVijT-j_NIiI8QS4zdUq&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpantech%2Bburst%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1

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IPHONE 5S/5C Support for both FDD and TDD LTE

http://www.apple.com/iphone/LTE/

http://www.apple.com/iphone/LTE/

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Iphone 5 models

› GSM model A1428 – UMTS/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz)

– GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)

– LTE (Bands 4 [2100 MHz] and 17 [700 MHz])

› CDMA model A1429 – CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and Rev. B (800, 1900, 2100 MHz)

– UMTS/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz)

– GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)

– LTE (Bands 1 [2100 MHz], 3 [1800 MHz], 5 [850 MHz], 13 [700 MHz], 25 [1900 MHz])

› GSM model A1429 – UMTS/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz)

– GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)

– LTE (Bands 1 [2100 MHz], 3 [1800 MHz], 5 [850 MHz])

› 802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi (802.11n 2.4GHz and 5GHz)

› Bluetooth 4.0 wireless technology

Refarm GSM 1800

NA and LATAM markets

(AT&T, Rogers, Bell/Tellus)

- CDMA operators

(Verizon, Sprint, KDDI, KT)

- SR-LTE perf.

enhancement

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high end on LTE

Global Smartphone

Shipments Q2 2012

Samsung 32%

Apple 17%

Nokia 7%

HTC 6%

Sony 5%

…

* Source: Strategy Analytics, August 2012

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World Roaming

› Number of LTE frequency

bands supported in LTE

devices

– 2010: Single band LTE

– 2011: 2 – 3 bands LTE

– 2012: 4 – 5 bands LTE

Global roaming over WCDMA and GSM

LTE Roaming on its way

›Potential Roaming bands – EU - B7[2600] B3[1800]

– Asia, Australia - B3[1800]

– Latam - B4[AWS], B7[2600]

– Korea, US, Japan - B5[850] / B26

[850], B3[1800]

– Within North America - B4 [AWS],

B5[850], B2/25 [1900]

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Latin America

Base: 850 & 1900

New: AWS & 2600

2012+: 2300 & APT700 MEA

Base: 2100

New: 1800, 900 & 850

2012+: 2600, APT700

APAC

Base: 2100

New: 2300, 1800, 900 & 850

2012+: 2600 & APT700

Japan

Base: 2100, 1700, JP850

New: 1500 & refarm

2012+: 900 & APT700

Europe

Base: 2100 & 900

New: 2600, 1800 & 800 North America

Base: 850, 1900, US700 & AWS

New: 2600

spectrum for mobile broadband Regional mainstream hspa & lte deployments

opportunity for LTE TDD in 2.3 & 2.6 GHz bands – same FDD/TDD Equipment

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http://www.teleco.com.br/4g_brasil.asp

http://exame.abril.com.br/tecnologia/noticia

s/brasil-chega-a-400-mil-acessos-4g-em-

agosto

http://www.teleco.com.br/4g_brasil.asp

http://exame.abril.com.br/tecnologia/noticias/brasil-chega-a-400-mil-acessos-4g-em-agosto


















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http://www.decisionreport.com.br

/publique/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.

htm?infoid=14913&sid=12

http://www.decisionreport.com.br/publique/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?infoid=14913&sid=12



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Agenda

› History

› 3Gpp evolution



– Architecture


– VoLTE


› Ran sahring

› Market outlook

› Is coming …

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Add small cells Densify macro

Improve macro

SEAMLESS USER EXPERIENCE EVERYWHERE

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› 5G radio access is an integrated set of technologies addressing a wide variety of use cases and

requirements

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44 pt


minimum 24 pt

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minimum 20 pt






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