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Long-Term Athlete

DevelopmentWeek 5: Physiology, Paediatric Physiology & Climate stress

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Revision

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Revision

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Aims

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system

Motor Development

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system

Motor Development

Strength

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system

Motor Development

Strength

Aerobic Performance

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system

Motor Development

Strength

Aerobic Performance

Anaerobic Performance

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Aims

Chronological age Vs Biological age Postnatal Growth: Scammons Curve

Functional Development Cardiorespiratory system

Motor Development

Strength

Aerobic Performance

Anaerobic Performance

Thermoregulation

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Chronological age Vs

Biological age

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Chronological age Vs

Biological ageChronological age

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Chronological age Vs

Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be

10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.

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Chronological age Vs

Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be

10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.

Biological age

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Chronological age Vs

Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be

10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.

Biological age

Biological age has its own calendar & only

celebrates one birthday!

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Chronological age Vs

Biological ageChronological age All children born on the 19th Oct 2008 will be

10 years old on the 19th Oct 2018.

Biological age

Biological age has its own calendar & only

celebrates one birthday!

Therefore children of the same chronologicalage can differ by several years in their levels of

biological maturity

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Biological age

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Biological age

Would you train a12 year old thesame way as you

would train a 17

year old?

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Biological age

Would you train a12 year old thesame way as you

would train a 17

year old?

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Biological age

Would you train a12 year old thesame way as you

would train a 17

year old?

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Postnatal Growth

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Postnatal Growth

Scammons curve of

systemic growth

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General curve

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General curve

Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of

most of its parts

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General curve

Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of

most of its parts

Often sigmoid

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General curve

Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of

most of its parts

Often sigmoid

Four phases: Rapid growthin infancy, steady butconstant growth in middle

childhood, rapid growth in

adolescents, slow increase

and eventual cessation

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General curve

Growth of the body as awhole and the growth of

most of its parts

Often sigmoid

Four phases: Rapid growthin infancy, steady butconstant growth in middle

childhood, rapid growth in

adolescents, slow increase

and eventual cessation

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Neural curve

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Neural curve

Characterises thegrowth of the brain

& nervous system

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Neural curve

Characterises thegrowth of the brain

& nervous system

Tissues alsoexperience rapid

growth

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Neural curve

Characterises thegrowth of the brain

& nervous system

Tissues alsoexperience rapid

growth

The upper skullfollows this curve

G i l

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Genital curve

G i l

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Genital curve Characterises the growth of

the primary and secondarysex characteristics

G i l

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Genital curve Characterises the growth of

the primary and secondarysex characteristics

Primary includes ovaries,fallopian tubes, uterus, and

vagina in females and testes,

seminal vesicles, prostate and

penis in boys

G i l

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Genital curve Characterises the growth of

the primary and secondarysex characteristics

Primary includes ovaries,fallopian tubes, uterus, and

vagina in females and testes,

seminal vesicles, prostate and

penis in boys

Secondary includes breasts infemales, pubic and axillary

hair in both sexes, and facial

hair and growth of larynx in

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Lymphoid curve

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Lymphoid curve

Describes the growth of thelymph glands, thymus gland,

tonsils, appendix, andlymphoid patches of tissue in

the intestines

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Lymphoid curve

Describes the growth of thelymph glands, thymus gland,

tonsils, appendix, andlymphoid patches of tissue in

the intestines

These are generally involvedin the childs immunology

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Lymphoid curve

Describes the growth of thelymph glands, thymus gland,

tonsils, appendix, andlymphoid patches of tissue in

the intestines

These are generally involvedin the childs immunology

Reach maximum at approx11-13 years

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Any Questions?

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Functional Development

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Functional Development

Cardio-respiratory System

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Functional Development

Cardio-respiratory System

Motor Development

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Functional Development

Cardio-respiratory System

Motor Development Strength and Motor Performance

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Functional Development

Cardio-respiratory System

Motor Development Strength and Motor Performance

Aerobic Performance

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Functional Development

Cardio-respiratory System

Motor Development Strength and Motor Performance

Aerobic Performance

Anaerobic Performance

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Cardio-respiratory System

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Cardio-respiratory System

Changes in heart size

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Cadio-respiratory System

Changes in heart size

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Cadio-respiratory System

Changes in heart size

Changes in heart function

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Cadio-respiratory System

Changes in heart size

Changes in heart function

Stroke volume and cardiac output

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Cadio-respiratory System

Changes in heart size

Changes in heart function

Stroke volume and cardiac output Blood pressure

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Cadio-respiratory System

Changes in heart size

Changes in heart function

Stroke volume and cardiac output Blood pressure

Respiratory changes

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Respiratory Changes

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Respiratory Changes

Development and growth ofthe lungs

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Respiratory Changes

Development and growth ofthe lungs

Respiratory function

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Respiratory Changes

Development and growth ofthe lungs

Respiratory function

Pulmonary volumes, flows,

and capacities

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M t D l t

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Motor Development

Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood

M t D l t

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Motor Development

Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood

The environment in which the child is reared is alsoan important

M t D l t

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Motor Development

Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood

The environment in which the child is reared is alsoan important

These environmental experiences interact with thebiological substrate of growth and maturation

M t D l t

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Motor Development

Closely related to the morphological, physiological,and neuro-muscular characteristics of the child ininfancy and early childhood

The environment in which the child is reared is alsoan important

These environmental experiences interact with the

biological substrate of growth and maturation

Movement behaviours in infancy and early childhoodare also to some extent precursors of subsequent

motor behaviours

F d t l t kill

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Fundamental motor-skills

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F d t l t kill

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Fundamental motor-skills

Early childhood is atime of increasing

experimentation with avariety of motor skills

Progression is notalways continuous

F d t l t kill

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Fundamental motor-skills

Early childhood is atime of increasing

experimentation with avariety of motor skills

Progression is notalways continuous

Sex differences aresmall

F d t l t kill

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Fundamental motor-skills

Early childhood is atime of increasing

experimentation with avariety of motor skills

Progression is notalways continuous

Sex differences aresmall

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Strength

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Strength

Early childhood:

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Strength

Early childhood:

Sex differences in average strength aresmall

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Strength

Early childhood:

Sex differences in average strength aresmall

Middle childhood and adolescence:

Strength improves linearly with age up

until 13-14 years in boys

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Strength

Early childhood:

Sex differences in average strength aresmall

Middle childhood and adolescence:

Strength improves linearly with age up

until 13-14 years in boys

Strength improves linearly in girls

Aer bic Perf rmance

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Aerobic Performance

Aerobic Performance

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Aerobic Performance

Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?

Aerobic Performance

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Aerobic Performance

Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?

Children aged 7-9 years were studied by Turley andWilmore (1997) and compared to adults; they

found children had a higher HR, lower SV, lower Q.

Aerobic Performance

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Aerobic Performance

Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?

Children aged 7-9 years were studied by Turley andWilmore (1997) and compared to adults; they

found children had a higher HR, lower SV, lower Q.

Ventilatory response

Aerobic Performance

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Aerobic Performance

Hard to asses: Aerobic capacity or Aerobic power?

Children aged 7-9 years were studied by Turley andWilmore (1997) and compared to adults; they

found children had a higher HR, lower SV, lower Q.

Ventilatory response

Changes in economy of movement

Turley and Wilmore

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Turley and Wilmore

Turley and Wilmore

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Turley and Wilmore

Anderson et al 1974

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Anderson et al, 1974

Anderson et al 1974

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Anderson et al, 1974

Economy of Effort

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y

Economy of Effort

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y

MacDougall et al 1983

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MacDougall et al, 1983

MacDougall et al 1983

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MacDougall et al, 1983

Anaerobic Performance

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Anaerobic Performance

Anaerobic Performance

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Anaerobic Performance

Short Duration

Anaerobic Performance

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Anaerobic Performance

Short Duration

Intermediate Duration

Anaerobic Performance

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Anaerobic Performance

Short Duration

Intermediate Duration Long Duration

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Any Questions?

Thermoregulation

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Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation

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Thermoregulation

Sweating

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Any Questions?