LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)

8/10/2019 LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)

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Study of Pulling

Lubricant Interactionwith LSZH Jacket

Materials

(Update Oct 2006)John M. FeeAmerican Polywater

Stillwater, MN USA


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Hydro Plant LSZH Jacket Failure

Cable spacer block grabs cable jacket

Tension introduced by close proximity cable hang


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Hydro Plant LSZH Jacket Failure

Jacket under stress from hanging grip

Lubricant residue from pulls into duct banks on both sides


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LSZH Jacket Failure Observations Jacket under stress where it tore

No extraordinary environmental conditions

Cable under electrical load warm Not contained in conduit so cables were dry

no lubricant reflux

Tension on jacket estimated at 500 to 1000psi IEEE 1210 testing of actual lubricant used on

failed cables showed aged tensiles of 800 to

1000 psi and low elongations of 20 to 30% LSZH jackets have been pulled into conduit

for many years without significant problems physical stress on jacket produced this failure


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IEEE 1210 2004Table 1

858585

After immersion test at 50 C 1 C for 30 daysRetained tensile and elongation at rupture, %

minimum of immersed in water/air and heat-aged comparison

121168

85

75

85

121168

75

60

85

100168

75

60

85

Immerse at (C 1 C )Immerse for (hours)Retained tensile strength, % minimumof unimmersed and unaged comparison

Retained elongation at rupture, % minimumof unimmersed and unaged comparison

Retained tensile strength and elongation atrupture, % minimum of immersed inwater/air and heat-aged comparison

Thermoset

Type 2

Thermoset

Type 1

Thermoplastic

Type 1

Low Smoke Halogen FreeProperties


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IEEE 1210 Tests

1. ICEA/NEMA jacket aging requirements

2. Test refluxes jacket in lubricant

3. Secondary lower-temperature, longer-aging test4. Water vs air-aged control

5. Sample pulling speed 50 mm/min vs 500mm/min

6. 100C vs 121C

7. Reflux test of jacket in lubricant - more severethan conditions where actual failure occurred.

8. Physical strength focus seems right based onnature of field failure.


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LSZH Jacket Study to IEEE 1210

27 jackets designated A to AA

17 plaques, 7 tapes, 3 Jackets

20 thermoplastic, 7 thermoset

Primarily inorganic hydrate loaded types All pulled at 50 mm/min

Data presented are for a water-aged

comparison sample Plaque sample variability based on

preparation


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Tensile at Break

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

N F C M E R S H D Q W B Z O I T G Y L AA X U A V P K J

Jacket Compound Designation

PSI

Non-Aged Sample Tensiles

Samples had non-aged tensile from 600 to 3500 psi (4 to 24 Mpa)

Sample ave tensile of 1582 psi (10.9 Mpa)


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Elongation at Break

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

I E C M Z O R S Q X T AA P H U V A W J N L K Y B G F D


Elon

gation(%)

Non-Aged Sample Elongations

Samples had non-aged elongations from 30% to 575%

Sample ave elongation of 155%


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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

N F C M E R S H D Q W B Z O I T G Y L AA X U A V P K J


Tensile(psi)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Elongation(%

)

Tensile

Elongation

Sample Tensile / Elongation Comparison

Elongation and tensile not correlated

Elongation property shows greater variability


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

S W U T J F

AA A B Y R V Q I

D G K Z P

O L

M X C E

H


TensileRetained(%)

100 C

50 C

Sample Tensile Retention (vs Non-Aged)Water-Aged (7 day @ 100C & 30 day @ 50C)

At 100C - Ave tensile retention of 91% - range from 56% to 125%

At 50C - Ave tensile retention of 98% - range from 84% to 118%

Less robust samples in 100C water are less affected by 50C


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

200%

H F T S U Q E Y J D O Z C VAA B A I M P G L N W X K R


Elon

gationRetained(%

100 C

50 C

Sample Elongation Retention (vs Non-Aged)Water-Aged (7 day @ 100C & 30 day @ 50C)

At 100C - Ave elongation retention of 71% - range from 8% to 118%

At 50C - Ave elongation retention of 93% - range from 30% to 173%

Larger changes than tensile


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Observations Control Samples

1. There is no typical LSZH jacket.

2. There are significant differences in basephysical properties and temperature / waterresistance of these materials.

3. Some samples notably more robust in 100C

water-aging. Differences not as great at 50C.


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Some lubricants severely affected jackets materials.Continued testing was only done on lubricants that

maintained enough jacket integrity to support testing


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

S U T AA L W X V A Q F D Z I M O P G B R Y E N C H


TensileRetained(%)

Tensile Retention ComparisonLubricant A (7 day @ 100C) vs Non-Aged

Lubricant A (100C) 8 out of 25 specimens met 75% retention

Lubricant A (100C) - Ave tensile retention of 69% - range 25% to 116%

75%


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0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

F S H C U Q AA I T D B E G Z P Y L A V R X W N M O


T

ensileRetained(%)

Elongation Retention ComparisonLubricant A (7 day @ 100C) to Non-Aged

Lubricant A (100C) - 17 out of 25 specimens met 60% retention

Lubricant A (100C) - Ave elongation retention of 128% - range 20% to 478%

60%


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

U T S L X AA V M D Q O Z P A I W G E F N R B C H Y


Te

nsileRetained(%)

Tensile Retention ComparisonLubricant A (7 day @ 100C) to Water-Aged (7 day @ 100C)

85%




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0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

800%

C S I AA Q G U B P D F L Z R E A X T W V Y N H M O


Ten

sileRetained(%)

Elongation Retention ComparisonLubricant A (7 day @ 100C) to Water-Aged (7 day @ 100C)

85%




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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

T M V X U N S I L O Q W E Z A G D C F H B Y P


Ten

sileRetained(%)

Tensile Retention ComparisonLubricant A (30 day @ 50C) to Water-Aged (30 day @ 50C)

85%




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0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

T I Q Z C E L H G D F A B O Y U V W S M N X P


TensileRetained(%)

Elongation Retention ComparisonLubricant A (30 day @ 50C) to Water-Aged (30 day @ 50C)

85%




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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

S T W J U AA Y F A G V B K M D Q R O X I L P N Z C E H


TensileRetained(%)

Tensile Retention ComparisonLubricant B (7 day @ 100C) to Non-Aged

75%

Lubricant B (100C) 24 out of 27 specimens met 75% retention

Lubricant B (100C) - Ave tensile retention of 87% - range 51% to 119%


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

H F S T O C Q E U Z J Y AA X B G D V P I A N W L K M R


T

ensileRetained(%)

Elongation Retention ComparisonLubricant B (7 day @ 100C) to Non-Aged

60%

Lubricant B (100C) - 19 out of 27 specimens met 60% retention

Lubricant B (100C) - Ave elongation retention of 78% - range 17% to 127%


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

N M T X S G O L Y P K D E AA C V W F J Q R H I Z A U B


Te

nsileRetained(%)

Tensile Retention ComparisonLubricant B (7 day @ 100C) to Water-Aged (7 day @ 100C)

85%


Lubricant B (100C) - Ave tensile retention of 96% - range 76% to 108%


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0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

O C X S G Q E K Z T W R P N B AA L I J A F M Y V D U H


Ten

sileRetained(%)

Elongation Retention ComparisonLubricant B (7 day @ 100C) to Water-Aged (7 day @ 100C)

85%


Lubricant B (100C) - Ave elongation retention of 114% - range 52% to 200%


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75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

T N X U V C Q D Y B M E S H L O P Z I F G W A


Tens

ileRetained(%)

Tensile Retention ComparisonLubricant B (30 day @ 50C) to Water-Aged (30 day @ 50C)

85%




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0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

H T C Q I E F L D B Y G U Z X P V W A N S M O


Ten

sileRetained(%)

Elongation Retention ComparisonLubricant B (30 day @ 50C) to Water-Aged (30 day @ 50C)

85%




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Observations Lubricant Aging Tests

1. Water-based pulling lubricants can affect thephysical properties of the hydrate loaded jackets.

2. Not all lubricants are the same, with some lubricantformulations apparently more suitable than others.3. Lubricant B had less effect on these jackets than

lubricant A. But lubricant B did not test compatibleon the jackets most affected by water.

4. When a jacket is significantly affected by heatand/or water, water-based lubricants will not testwell on it, especially at the at 100C aging tests.

5. 50C aging, even at the longer exposure, affectsphysical properties less than the 100C aging.

6. Elongation aging changes were, on the average,greater than tensile changes.


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Summary

1. Todays LSZH jackets can be affected bycommercially available pulling lubricants.

2. The only known field jacket failure wasassociated with significant physical stress onthe jacket.

3. Universal lubricant compatibility with all

tested LSZH jackets has not been shown,although compatibility has been shown withthe more robust jackets.

4. Specific testing (jacket and lubricant) shouldbe done to insure compatibility.

5. Studies are continuing to define the lubricantingredients most suitable for use on LSZHmaterials.

LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)

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