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An Institutional Examination of  Varying  Local Approaches to Implementing DACA

Shannon Gleeson (ILR, Cornell)Els de Graauw (Baruch College, CUNY)

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What Is DACA? BENEFITS

Temporary relief from deportation

Work authorization

(in some states: in-state tuition, Medical edibility, & other benefits)

REQUIREMENTS

Arrive <16, Age<31 on 6/15/12

Proof of identity & continuous presence 6/15/07 to 6/15/12

Proof of educational requirement (graduated or enrolled in HS/GED)

No felony/significant or 3+ misdemeanors

$465

2 yr. renewal, possible “advanced parole”

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Existing DACA ResearchDemographic Trendso National Undacamented Youth Survey (Gonzales, Terriquez, Ruszczyk)o National Survey of Undocumented Millennials (Wong et al., FitzGerald, Ramakrishnan)o MPI (Capps, Rosenblum, Bachmeier)

Social Movements o Chen, Negron-Gonzales, Seif, Abrego, Terriquez, Chavez, Pallares, Flores-Gonzalez

Legal and Political Analysiso Center for American Progress, Pew Charitable Trustso Warren & Kerwin, Olivas

Effects of DACAo Education (Teranishi, Suarez-Orozco, Suarez-Orozco, Perez)o Health (Brindis et al.)

Local Variationo Silver & Cebulko, Sexsmith & Dudley, Singer & Svajlenka (Brookings)

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Government Bureaucracies as Rights Interpreters and Rights Adjudicators

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Civil Society Organizations as Rights Intermediaries and Rights Mobilizers

Advocacy

Mobilizing

Service

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Consular Advocacy

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Field of DACA Implementation

DACA

Legal Service

Providers

Schools & Other Agencies

Foreign Consulate

FoundationsImmigrant Rights Groups

Unions

Local Elected Officials

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Research Questions

How do regions vary in their implementation of DACA?

How have a range of local stakeholders integrated DACA into their mission and programming, and resource allocation?

What are the range of coalitions and partnerships that have emerged around the implementation of DACA in each region?

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Methodological Approach Comparative Case Study (central city v. suburbs/rural)

◦ San Francisco/San Jose◦ Greater Houston◦ New York City

Focus Groups ◦ 10 UCSC & 13 Baruch students

Stakeholder Interviews (100 to date)◦ STATE & LOCAL GVT: city officials, school districts, consulates◦ CIVIL SOCIETY: CBOs, unions, legal service providers◦ INDIVIDUAL BENEFICIARIES: DACA recipients (PENDING)

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Government Officials & Institutions

NYCMOIA

$18 million DYCD

$1 million NYC DOE

SAN FRANCISCO OCEIA

DreamSF Program $350,000 $500,000

$10 million

SAN JOSE IRIS

$1.8 million Measure A emergency funds

HOUSTON OIC/MOIRA

No funding response 2012 U of H “free speech zones”

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Legal Service Providers

Division of Labor (Criminal, U/T-visas, SIJS)Outreach to non-Spanish speakers?Varying importance of private immigration barEfforts to prevent notario scamsUse of BIA accredited reps

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Other Nonprofit Organizations & Student/DREAMer Groups

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Who Is Funding DACA? State/City/County Support

Private Funders◦ Community foundations◦ Family foundations◦ Anonymous donors

Key Conveners◦ New Americans campaign◦ Grantmakers Concerned with Immigrants and Refugees

Other◦ IOLTA accounts◦ Service fees◦ Loans

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Outreach DynamicsWHAT NEEDS SUPPORT

1. Outreach & Community Education

2. Document Prep

3. Legal Service/Application Assistance

CHALLENGES/DEBATES

Whose responsibility?

What should the fee structure be?

How to screen for holistic relief?

Utility of 1:1 client-attorney

How to maximize limited resources

How to court funders/pitch DACA?

Should we fund renewals?

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When and How Do Advocates Collaborate?

NYC

Dept. of Youth and Children ServicesNYCT grantees

SAN FRANCISCO

Bay Area DACA Collaborative SFILEN

Ready Bay Area Ready California

SAN JOSE

SCC Citizenship Collaborative SCC Deferred Action Network SCC for Comp. Immig. Reform

SBLISN CLARO

HOUSTON Houston Immigration Legal

Services Collaborative

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Lessons for Admin. ReliefWhat role will localities play?• Mayoral Offices, School Boards, Adult Education, DMV

How to reach underserved communities• Non-Spanish speakers• Older, Criminal Bars, Educational Requirement• Suburban/Rural

Best practices for outreach and service provisionoTargeted v. Holistic

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Future Directions for Research

Target: o200 interviews with organizationso100 interviews with individual immigrants

More focus on state agenciesChicago as additional case studyOngoing research on immigrant integrationoMayoral offices (de Graauw)oConsular offices (Gleeson)

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Thank You!smg338@cornell .eduels.degraauw@baruch.cuny.edu