PON T h l A Shift iPON Technology – A Shift in Building Network InfrastructureBuilding Network Infrastructure

Bob Matthews

Technical Manager

C S C dCommScope Canada

The Evolution to PON

In 1980s -1990s, we had:• Dial up modems – The best data rate we could get

from home . 56Kbps

Service Providers deployed thousands of miles of Optical cable into their Backbone

kfrom home . 56Kbps• Cable TV• Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

network.

15 years later, Convergence brought us a single connection to the outside world that supported all of those “old” services in New ways at significantlyworld, that supported all of those old services in New ways, at significantly higher data rates

So, what is PON (or POL)?

• A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point to

Definition:A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point to multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. A PON consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of OpticalLine Terminal (OLT) at the service provider s central office and a number of Optical Network Units (ONUs) near the end users. A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point to point architectures. A passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network. p p p

credit – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Outdoor Fiber To The “x”

Passive Optical LANs (POL)

FTTHONT

Data &VideoONT Single Family

R id

VerticalPON

FTTmduONT

Residence

VerticalPON

Gateway

Ethernet

FTTBONT

PON

Multi-Tenant

EthernetONT

OLT

Service

VerticalPON

OLT5RXWHU��6ZLWFK

(��7�ONTServiceProvider

Network(s)

OLT

Businesses

6ZLWFK

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PON HistoryYear Development

1995 FSAN (Full Service Access Network) working group begins working on FTTH

ITU does additional work and releases the G.983 Standard based on ATM PON (APON).ITU does additional work and releases the G.983 Standard based on ATM PON (APON).

Downstream speed – 622MBps (OC-12); Upstream – 155Mbps (OC-3) typical

~1998 BPON (or Broadband PON) Standard released later

BPON was the most widely deployed form PON, it integrated WDM to support RF Analog signals

BPON supported the transport of POTS, ISDN, Data, Cable TV, Video on Demand LAN Interconnection, Video Conferencing

2001-2002 BPON was the defacto standard

2003 ITU ratifies and releases the G.984 standard for Gigabit PON (GPON)

GPON supports 2.448Gbs (OC-48) downstream, 1.244Gbs upstream

GPON uses either ATM or GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method) transport

PON History cont’dYear Development

2004 IEEE release the Ethernet in the First Mile standard 802.3ah

EPON uses standard 802 3 Ethernet framesEPON uses standard 802.3 Ethernet frames

Downstream = Upstream = 1.25Gbs

EPON is designed for Data centric networks, and supports Voice, data and video services.

802.3av (10GE-PON) is ratified as an amendment.

10G-EPON supports 10/1Gbs simultaneously downstream

By 2005, Verizon and SBC had rolled out over 800,000 subscribers to their Fiber to the Home networks.

Fiber Advantages over Copper Infrastructure for the POLfor the POL

Passive Optical LANs (POL) are ideal solutions for new Infrastructure builds and Upgrades, offering:

• CAPEX and OPEX SavingsR d d E i t t (f A ti it h )• Reduced Equipment costs (fewer Aggregation switches),

• Reduced Cooling needs (reduced HVAC handlers)• Future Proof upgrade path to higher Bandwidths• Guaranteed Bandwidth: using a Centralized switch is more efficient compared to a

t diti l l d ti it h d l

Fiber Cable has shown to be more advantageous compared to Copper solutions in a number of ways:

• Distance: whether Multimode or Single mode fiber transmission distance is significantly

traditional layered active switch model.

Distance: whether Multimode or Single mode fiber, transmission distance is significantly longer than all Category rated cable solutions

• Bandwidth: Unlimited (maybe), but at a minimum significantly higher than Category 6A, or even emerging Category 8

• Reliability: not susceptible to corrosionReliability: not susceptible to corrosion• Reduced Power Needs: Optical interfaces use less power, compared to Copper NICs

The Technology of a POL or PONONTONU User 1

Central Office Outside Plant

ONT

ONT

ONU

ONU

OLT User 2

U 3Optical Line

T i lPassive O ti l

Single Mode Fiber Category Cable

ONTONU User 3Terminal Optical Splitter

Optical Network

Network Device

Unit

The Technology of a POL or PONONTONU User 1

Head End InBuilding or OSP

ONT

ONT

ONU

ONU

OLT User 2

U 3Optical Line

T i lPassive O ti l

Single Mode Fiber Category Cable

ONTONU User 3Terminal Optical Splitter

Optical Network

Network Device

Unit

Down-Stream – Point to Multi-Point

Downstream BroadcastAll Data goes to all ONUs, the ONU address controls the downstream data User 1controls the downstream data.

OLT

ONU

ONU

User 1

User 2Category

Cable

OLT ONU

ONU

User 2

User 3

Optical Line Terminal

Passive Optical

Optical Network

Network Device

User 3

Terminal Optical Splitter

Network Unit

Device

Up-Stream – Time Division Multiplex Access

Upstream TDMA OperationONUs send information to the OLT in

ifi ti i d / l t User 1ONUa specific time window/slot User 1

User 2

ONU

ONUOLT

User 3

Category Cable

ONU

ONU

Optical Line Terminal

Passive Optical

Optical Network

Network DeviceTerminal Optical

SplitterNetwork

UnitDevice

WHY POL?

8.45 4.35 2.88Application Usage

10.19emailWeb HTTPFile TransferOnline Conference

42.12

32 01

Instant Messagingother

32.01

Data courtesy of IBM

Traffic Types

Consider This!Application Actual Bandwidth

VoIP Phone ~ 100Kbps

Cloud Access 50 ~200 Kbps

Web Browsing 50 ~300 Kbps

eMail 50 ~ 500 Kbps

Virtual Desktop (VDI) 500 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps

Video Conferencing ~ 2 Mbpsg p

Online Video ~ 2 Mbps

Video Surveillance ~ 6 Mbps

Data courtesy of IBM

Bandwidth Usage

46.3%50.0%

Bandwidth Usage

latio

n

40.3%

30 0%

40.0%

ser P

opul

13.1%20.0%

30.0%

age

of U

s

0.2% 0.1%0.0%

10.0%

Per

cent

a

0-1 Mbps 1 Mbps - 10 Mbps 10 Mbps - 50 Mbps 50 Mbps - 80 Mbps 80 Mbps - 200 MbpsP

Data courtesy of IBM

Observations

• ~ 74% of traffic was Email and Web Surfing• ~ 95% of the Users used less than 80 Mbps in

total Bandwidth (86% used less than 50Mbps)• That most applications do not require the Bandwidth

we think

• Most traffic was passed through the Core Router, verylittle peer to peer traffic

• Enterprise traffic is Hub and Spoke based, generally applications reside in a Central Data Center

• HTTP traffic increases as Cloud services increase

• The Usage patterns which give rise to decentralized computing and LANs are shifting• The Usage patterns which give rise to decentralized computing and LANs are shifting back to a centralized model with a different network architecture

Traditional LAN Architecture

Distribution

Core Switch Layer

• Based on Layered Active Switches• Access Layer passes traffic up to Distribution layer, then

up to the Core Switch and routed to End Destination• If Source and Destination share a similar layer the traffic is

Aggregation Layer

Distribution Layer

e

switched at that layer and not passed further up• Physical Limitations exist with this architecture:

• End Users cannot be more than 100 M (including Patch cords) from the serving Access Layer switch for Copper cabling

Access L

Dis

tanc

eLi

mite

d

pp g• Similar limitation exists between Layered Switches

if Copper Cabling is used• If Multimode Fiber is used, distance is limited by

Fiber type and Bandwidth• Telecom Closets must be within these guidelines to

End User

Layer • Telecom Closets must be within these guidelines to ensure Standards are met

• Copper cabling must be kept a minimum distance away from power cables

• Operational and Management challenges include:All VLAN P i iti Q S C S t t b• All VLANs, Priorities, QoS, CoS etc, must be provisioned in ALL switches and maintained at all levels.

Passive Optical LAN Architecture• Passive Optical LANs overcome the limitations found in

Copper based implementations1. Significant reduction in Active equipment,

resulting in a flatter network topologyDistribution

Core Switch LayerOLT

g p gy2. OLT can function as Core Switch and /or

Distribution Layer Switch3. Distance limits are eliminated, POLs support

distance up to 20Kms4 Elimination of Aggregation Switches reduces

Aggregation Layer

Distribution Layer

S

X 4. Elimination of Aggregation Switches reduces /eliminates power and cooling at these locations

5. Potential Elimination of Telecom Closet space, providing more work space

6. Passive Splitters require no HVAC systemsSi l OA&M i i VLAN C S

ayeS

X

7. Single OA&M system to provision VLANs, CoS, etc

8. Auto-Provisioning of ONTs based on profiles9. Passive Splitters provide wide range of split

ratios (1:4, 1:8,1:32, 1:64, etc)End User

Access Layer

ONT

( , , , , )

Why EPON ? – GPON vs. EPON Layering

Layer 5Various services

T1/E1 TDM

POTS Data Video T1/E1 TDM

POTS Data Video

Layer 3

Layer 4

IP

TCP-UDP etc

IP

TCP-UDP etc

Layer 2

Ethernet

ATM cell GEM frame

Layer 1PON - PHY

GTC TC FrameGTC sub-layer

PON - PHY

Ethernet FrameMAC Layer

yPON PHY PON PHY

Networks are about Efficiency!

EPON & GPON Summaryz Both EPON and GPON recognized the need to evolve PON to being a Gigabit capable

solution for transporting Ethernet IP traffic.

z Both utilize a common optical infrastructure but very different in execution EPONz Both utilize a common optical infrastructure, but very different in execution. EPON extended native Ethernet to support the PON P2MP architecture, while GPON wished to extend the life of GFP framed SONET/SDH

z GPON Telco legacy supporting legacy telecom SONET networkingz GPON Telco legacy supporting legacy telecom SONET networking• GPON link rates match ITU standards like OC3, OC12, etc• North American Telcos SONET/GPON• Equipment based on ITU/SONET typically more expensive/complicated

z EPON is designed to support Ethernet and IP• EPON link rates match IEEE standards like 1Gbs, 10Gbs, etc• North American Cable Operators adopting EPON• EPON is widely deployed world-wide• EPON is widely deployed world wide• Ethernet and IP scale reducing costs and driving investment in EPON systems

Where Does PON fit?

EmailWEB

Browsing

FileTransfer

(FTP) VoIPCloud

ServicesVideo (IPTV or

CCTV)Video

Conf’ing

Residential я я ~ я я я ~

Hospitality я я ~ я я я ~

Residence/ Dorms

я я ~ я я я ~Dorms

Condos я я ~ я я я ~

Retail Space я я x я я я x

CommercialCommercial (Office Space)

я я я я я я я

Industrial Space я я я я я я я

Case Study – Traditional vs. POL Design

TR

Hotel Design Requirements:• 42 rooms /Floor• (4) Cat 6 drops/room ( 168/Floor)• 5 Floors • Total building length – 300 ft.• Main Equipment Room on Main Floor• (1) Telecom Room per Floor

Traditional Network Design for Hotel/Dorm

• 4 Category 6 Cables w/ Patch cords• 4 Category 6 Switch Ports in Telecom Closet

• Bandwidth Available: 1GBps• Bandwidth needed: < 100Mbps to support IPTV, VoIP, Internet Access

PON Design for Hotel/Dorm

• 1 Fiber Strand used from Splitter• Copper Patch cords

• Bandwidth Available: 1GBps• Bandwidth Available: 1GBps• Bandwidth needed: < 100Mbps to support IPTV, VoIP, Internet Access

Conventional Design Wisdom

Conventional Wisdom says:Per Floor:• 168 Cat 6 Drops (4x42)p ( )• (4) – 48 port Switches• (4) – 48 port Patch Panels• (1) – Fiber Patch Panel• (1) – Rack

Main Equipment Room (1st Floor):• 168 Cat 6 Drops (4x42)• (4) 48 port Switches• (4) – 48 port Switches• (4) – 48 port Patch Panels• (1) – Core Switch/Router• (1) – Fiber Patch Panel• (1) Rack• (1) – Rack

PON Design

PON Design:Per Floor:• 1 Single Mode Fiber/roomg• (0) – 48 port Switches• (0) – 48 port Patch Panels• (0) – Rack• Fiber Wall Box with Splitters• (1) – ONU/room

Main Equipment Room (1st Floor):• (0) – 48 port Switches( ) p• (0) – 48 port Patch Panels• (0) – Core Switch/Router• (1) – ONU/room• (1) – PON OLT w/ L2/3( )• (1) – Fiber Patch Panel• (1) – Rack

Equipment Comparison

PON TraditionalCat 6 Cabling яg

Cat 6 Patch Panels я

Fiber Cabling я я

Fiber Patch Panels я я

Cat 6 Switches я

Core Switch/Router я

Fiber Wall Boxes w/splitters яp

PON OLT я

PON ONU я

Installation Time – Physical InstallTime Qty EPON Traditional

Cat 6 Cabling 1 Hour/Cable =(4x42x5)=840

840.0

Cat 6 Patch Panels .3 Hour/Panel =4x5=20

6.0

Fiber Cabling 1 Hour/Cable =8 /floor Back Bone=42/floor PON

8.042.0

8.0

Fiber Patch Panels .3 Hour/Panel =1 /floor Back Bone= 1 PON 0.3

1.5

Cat 6 Switches .3 Hour/Switch =4x5=20

6.0

Core Switch/Router .5 Hour/Switch =1 0.5

PON OLT .5 Hour/Switch =1 0.5

PON ONU .3 Hour / ONU =42x5=210 ONUs 63.0

TOTAL Hours 113.8 862.0

Installation Time – Physical InstallTime Qty EPON Traditional

Cat 6 Cabling 1 Hour/Cable =(4x42x5)=840

210.0

Cat 6 Patch Panels .3 Hour/Panel =4x5=20

6.0

Fiber Cabling 1 Hour/Cable =8 /floor Back Bone=42/floor PON

8.042.0

8.0

Fiber Patch Panels .3 Hour/Panel =1 /floor Back Bone= 1 PON 0.3

1.5

Cat 6 Switches .3 Hour/Switch =4x5=20

6.0

Core Switch/Router .5 Hour/Switch =1 0.5

PON OLT .5 Hour/Switch =1 0.5

PON ONU .2 Hour / ONU =42x5=210 ONUs 63.0

TOTAL Hours 113.8 232.0

Installation Time – ConfigurationTime Qty EPON Traditional

Cat 6 Switches 1 Hour/Switch =20 (4x5) 20.0

Core Switch/Router 2 Hour/Switch =1 2 0Core Switch/Router 2 Hour/Switch =1 2.0

PON OLT 2 Hour/Switch =1 2.0

PON ONU .3 Hour /configuration

=210 (42x5) ONUs1 configuration

0.3

TOTAL Hours 2.3 22.0

Total Time Needed:Time Qty EPON Traditional

Installation Time 113.8 232.0

Configuration Time 2.3 22.0

TOTAL Hours 116.1 254.0

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Summary

TCO is comprised of both CAPEX and OPEX costs• CAPEX costs for Horizontal, Riser and Main Equipment room include:

• Equipment acquisition• Equipment acquisition• Initial Installation costs

The main capital saving of a POL network comes from the installation and equipment in the Riser closets. The elimination of the Edge switches and replacing them with passive optical splitters.

• OPEX costs for a traditional LAN is one of the biggest expenses for all enterprises. The on-going costs associated with Network Management, HVAC, Telecom Room space are always increasing.

• Network Management costs include; service provision costs (work orders, testing, VLAN assignments etc) Switch Maintenance costs (including Patches upgrades)assignments, etc), Switch Maintenance costs (including Patches, upgrades)

• Training• Sparing

Floor Space, Heating and Cooling are the major sources of OPEX cost saving. POL networks reduce floor space needs by >60% and reduce energy costs >70%space needs by >60% and reduce energy costs >70%

GREEN Benefits of a POLThe POL network provides a number of key Green benefits to a building owner:

1. Power savings from eliminated Access and Aggregation Switches

2. Reduced equipment needs – Switches, Patch Panels,2. Reduced equipment needs Switches, Patch Panels, Cabling and cable trays etc.

3. Reduced Floor space needs – elimination of Telecom Rooms4. Reduced Materials – significantly less cabling, reduced g y g,

packaging and minimal waste

Traditional networks vs. POL Summary

Passive Optical LAN technology supports all of the requirements of today’s enterprise network with a much lower

t th t diti l LAN d icost than traditional LAN designs.

It is a GREEN technology, which seamlessly enables smart buildingsbuildings.

Finally, it supports an easy migration to higher data rates (10G) when neededwhen needed.

N t k b t Effi i !REMEMBER:

Networks are about Efficiency!

Th k YThank You

Bob MatthewsBob MatthewsTechnical Manager CommScope CanadaBooth 500Booth 500