Lower Kananaskis River Facility Redevelopment Proposal

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Table of ContentsExecutive summary 3Project context 4

Rationale for Redevelopment Proposal 4Description of planning area 4Rationale for Redevelopment 4Key Objectives of the Proposal 4Guiding Documents 5

Land-Use Framework 5Alberta’s Plan for Parks 5Active Alberta 5Kananaskis Country Recreation Policy 5Bow Valley Protected Areas Management Plan 5

Canoe Meadows 6Current Situation 6Analysis of Current Situation 6Proposed Redevelopment 8

Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre 10Current Situation 10Analysis of Current Situation 10Proposed Redevelopment 12

Widowmaker 14Current Situation 14Analysis of Current Situation 14Proposed Redevelopment 16

Barrier Dam 18Current Situation 18Analysis of Current Situation 18Proposed Redevelopment 20

Proposed Disc Golf Course 22Summary 23Source Documents 23

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Executive summaryAs part of the commitment in Alberta’s Plan for Parks to expand recreational opportunities throughout the park system, a series of enhancements to park facilities along the Lower Kananaskis River is being proposed. These enhancements would help meet increased recreational demand, improve public safety and site management ef!ciency, while minimizing impacts to environmental and archaeological features.

Located approximately 80 kilometres west of Calgary in Bow Valley Provincial Park, the Lower Kananaskis River area is a popular day-use destination, and is recognized for its river-based recreational opportunities. There are four facility nodes within this planning area—Canoe Meadows, Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre, Widowmaker and Barrier Dam. The kayak slalom course at Canoe Meadows is considered to be the best training facility for the sport of kayaking in the province.

Key objectives of the Lower Kananaskis River Facility Redevelopment Proposal include:

reducing congestion at day use sites;improving river access for recreational users;increasing camping opportunities; andenhancing the Canoe Meadows site to accommodate special events, river recreation, and to act as a multi-function camping area.

The developments that are shown in this Redevelopment Proposal are at the ‘concept stage’ as the Proposal is meant as a tool to engage Albertans in decisions about their parks. Speci!c details within the Proposal may not be implemented exactly as shown in this document based on consultations with Albertans, availability of funding, and further studies. After a decision is made about whether or not to proceed on this proposal, the Government of Alberta will explore the possibility of engaging private sector and/or non-governmental partners in the implementation of the development described in this Proposal.

Redevelopment Proposal Overview

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Project contextRationale for Redevelopment ProposalThe purpose of the facility redevelopment proposal for the Lower Kananaskis River is to provide a comprehensive vision for the area that aims to improve visitor experience through the expansion and modernization of recreational facilities in an environmentally sensitive manner. Implementation of this proposal will also begin to address recreational capacity issues in other parts of Kananaskis Country.

By clearly identifying a vision for the Lower Kananaskis River area, Alberta Parks will be able to engage Albertans in a meaningful discussion about the future of the area before !nal decisions have been made.

Description of planning areaThe planning area is located within Bow Valley Provincial Park, and is approximately 80 kilometres from Calgary. It is a popular day-use and overnight group-camping destination, and is recognized for its river-based recreational opportunities. The popularity of the river for recreation is largely due to the regulation of the "ow of the Lower Kananaskis River. The dam at Barrier Lake and the natural and man-made river features result in a consistent "ow-rate that river users can count on to plan their trips and activities. There is a growing diversity of river users on the Lower Kananaskis River, which now includes kayakers, canoeists and surfers, as well companies offering rafting and a variety of river recreational activities. The paddling opportunities in the planning area have been described as ‘provincially signi!cant’.

The Lower Kananaskis River from Barrier Lake downstream to Seebe is a recreational corridor. The area for this redevelopment proposal includes that part of the recreational corridor that is under the planning authority of Alberta Parks. There are currently four facility nodes within this planning area – Canoe Meadows, Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre, Widowmaker and Barrier Dam. There are also some trails within the planning area that connect the facility nodes.

The planning area is located within the Montane sub-region, which is characterized by open forests mixed with grasslands. The forests in the planning area are dominated by aspen stands on the terraces above the river, and by spruce forests on the slopes. There are some sites of ecological or archaeological interest within the planning area, which will be a consideration in the redevelopment of the facilities in the area.

Rationale for RedevelopmentMany of the recreational facilities in Kananaskis Country were planned and built in the 1970s and 1980s when the population of Alberta was much smaller, and Albertans engaged in different recreational activities on the landscape. In recent years Alberta has grown to a population of over 3 million people, with over 1 million of those people living in close proximity to Kananaskis Country. The recreational facilities that were built over thirty years ago are often at or over capacity, and are out-of-date. Once implemented, the new and redeveloped facilities described within this proposal will begin to address the needs and expectations of Albertans today.

Key Objectives of the ProposalThe Redevelopment Proposal has key objectives that align with the strategies outlined in the Plan for Parks. The four strategies in the Plan for Parks are:

Involve Albertans Offer Modern Facilities, Policies and Programs Provide Recreation Opportunities Conserve Landscapes

The key objectives for the Redevelopment Proposal grouped according to the above strategies from the Plan for Parks are:

Involve AlbertansEngage Albertans in determining the future of the Lower Kananaskis River area Partner with the private sector and/or non-governmental organizations in the implementation of the Proposal

Conserve LandscapesEnsure proper balance of facility development, recreational access and conservation

Offer Modern Facilities, Policies and ProgramsBegin to address demand for enhanced recreational facilities throughout Kananaskis Country Redesign Canoe Meadows

To better host special eventsTo enhance training and sport facilitiesTo provide a range of camping opportunities

Reduce traf!c congestion at day use sites

Provide Recreation OpportunitiesImprove river accessIncrease camping opportunities throughout the planning area, particularly in association with river recreationProvide more inclusive facility options that reduce physical and cultural barriers wherever possible

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roject contextdevelopments proposed in the Lower Kananaskis River area will assist in meeting the objectives outlined in Active Alberta by increasing opportunities for Albertans to recreate outdoors, as well as redesigning Canoe Meadows to become a facility focused on the sport of kayaking.

KANANASKIS COUNTRY RECREATION POLICY

The Kananaskis Country Recreation Policy was approved in May 1999, and sets out the approach to sustainable recreation management in Kananaskis Country within the context of integrated resource and environmental management. It allows for the development of new small facilities within Kananaskis Country, as well as the upgrading and improvement of existing facilities, so long as environmental effects are mitigated or acceptable.

BOW VALLEY PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Bow Valley Protected Areas Management Plan was approved in September 2002. Development of this plan included public and stakeholder consultation, prior to its approval.

The plan designates the Lower Kananaskis River area into both ‘facility’ and ‘natural environment’ zones. Facility zoning includes provisions for existing day-use and overnight facilities, as well as expansion and upgrading of these facilities. Natural environment zoning includes provisions for existing facilities such as trails and day-use areas, but also upgrading and expansion of these facilities.

Guiding DocumentsIn addition to legislation, there are !ve policy documents that will guide the planning of facilities within the planning area.

LAND-USE FRAMEWORK

The Land-use Framework is a comprehensive approach to planning to better manage public and private lands and natural resources to achieve Alberta’s long-term economic, environmental and social goals.

The framework provides a blueprint for land-use management and decision-making that addresses the growth that has occurred in Alberta over the past several years. The Land-use Framework and the subsequent regional plans are law and so all other plans and policies affecting land-use must be in conformity with the Land-use Framework. The Lower Kananaskis River planning area is within the land-use planning region known as the ‘South Saskatchewan’.’ Although the regional plan for the South Saskatchewan is not yet complete, the redevelopment plan for the Lower Kananaskis River is aligned with the current direction of planning initiatives related to the regional plan.

ALBERTA’S PLAN FOR PARKS

Alberta’s Plan for Parks is the foundational document for the Alberta Parks program, and describes a vision for how the Government of Alberta will guide the activities of the program today and into the future:

Alberta’s parks inspire people to discover, value, protect and enjoy the natural world and the bene!ts it provides for current and future generations.

Of particular interest to the Lower Kananaskis River Redevelopment Plan is the commitment in the Plan for Parks to upgrade and develop campgrounds and facilities to accommodate changing needs of visitors.

ACTIVE ALBERTA

This policy sets out a vision for recreation, active living and sport:

Albertans enjoy a high quality of life, improved health and wellness, strong communities, economic bene!ts and personal ful!llment, through recreation, active living and sport.

Active Alberta takes a collaborative approach to recreation, active living, and sport, involving various levels of government, non-pro!t organizations, associations and volunteers to generate better awareness and positive actions and encourage Albertans to lead healthier, more active lives. The

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Canoe MeadowsCurrent SituationCanoe Meadows is a multi-use site that functions as both a training facility for the sport of kayaking, as well as a group-use camping area for the general public. Special events related to kayaking are also hosted at this site.

The Alberta Whitewater Association (AWA) has a small facility on-site, and has constructed a permanent gate system for a kayaking slalom course on the Lower Kananaskis River adjacent to Canoe Meadows. The facility has hosted provincial and national white-water championships, as well as Pan American championships, with attendees coming from across Canada and other countries. Canoe Meadows is considered to be the provincial training facility for the sport of kayaking.

There is a gravel parking area that can accommodate approximately seventy vehicles with one vault toilet and garbage facilities. The group-use area is located within a large open meadow and is not well-de!ned as being a separate facility from the day-use area and kayaking facilities. It has a shelter and a group !re ring, and can accommodate groups of varying sizes. As the group-use area is not well separated from the other uses, there is a history of visitor con"ict between non-paddling groups using the group-use area and recreationalists who walk through the group-use area to access the river. There are trails that link the site to the Lower Kananaskis River and kayak slalom course.

Canoe Meadows is roughly triangle-shaped, and is bounded by the Lower Kananaskis River on two sides and Highway 40 on the third side. The entire area is mostly "at and dry.

Analysis of Current SituationCanoe Meadows is not well designed to achieve the multiple activities that occur at the site. Designation and separation of the multiple activities is required.The parking area is not large enough, or formalized. If made larger and formalized with curbs, asphalt surface and painted lines, traf!c "ow would be improved and visitors could make better use of the space.The group-use camping area is under used, and could be redesigned to accommodate the demand for camping by groups of a variety of sizes - from individual campers to large groups. Access routes from the parking area to the slalom course could be formalized to eliminate day-users from walking through camping areas.

1. Gated slalom course2. Staircase down to river3. Parking area4. Group use area

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Proposed RedevelopmentThe proposed redevelopment for this area would designate and separate the multiple activities. It would delineate areas and movement patterns for each of sport training, camping, and river day use visitors.

An area designated for sport training would include a two-level Training and Meeting Centre and twenty-four parking stalls. Approximately 2400sqf in size, the Training and Meeting Centre would provide year round meeting facilities, warm-up and change rooms, boat storage and a view of the kayak course.

The existing parking area would be expanded and formalized with an asphalt surface, raised curbs and painted lines and would include 124 regular parking stalls, eighteen large unit angle parking stalls, four bus bays, seventeen truck & trailer angle pull-through parking stalls, drop-off area and two adjacent washroom/change facilities. A pathway connecting the parking lot to the Lower Kananaskis River below the slalom course would be constructed to zero barrier standards to allow for river access downstream from the majority of obstacles.

The camping area would be moved and redesigned. Twenty-one back-in campsites would be clustered into three groups of seven. This would allow for the camp-sites to be booked as individual campsites, a group of seven campsites or a large group of twenty-one campsites. Each of the three clusters would have a common area with group !re ring, picnic tables, vault toilet and picnic shelter. Groups larger than twenty-one could be accommodated on the nearby meadow during special events. A new picnic shelter with an upgraded group !re ring would replace the existing facilities in the meadow area.

A roadway, and adjacent pathway, connecting the Training and Meeting Centre to the main parking lot would formalize vehicle and foot traf!c from the parking lot to the put-in location above the slalom course. The roadway would be gated to ensure that only authorized vehicles travelling to the Training and Meeting Centre had access to the roadway.

1. Example ofodern group use area picnic shelter

2. Example of barrier-free access to river3. Nearby meadow adjacent to group

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MULTI-USE CAMPGROUND- 3 GROUP USE AREAS OR 21INDIVIDUAL

BACK-IN CAMPSITES- NODES CONTAIN VAULT TOILET & COMMON

CENTRAL AREA WITH SHELTER, FIRE RING& PICNIC TABLES

- PROVIDES SEPARATION BETWEEN DAYUSERS & OVER NIGHT CAMPERS

EXPANDED PARKING AREA- FORMALIZED WITH ASPHALT SURFACE,

RAISED CURBS & PAINTED LINES- 124 REGULAR PARKING STALLS- 4 BUS PARKING BAYS- 17 ANGLE PULL-THROUGH TRUCK & TRAILER STALLS- 18 ANGLE PULL-UP LARGE UNIT STALLS- DROP OFF AREA- VAULT TOILETS & CHANGE ROOMS

TRAILS- REALIGN EXISTING TRAILS AS REQUIRED- DEVELOP NEW FACILITY ZONE TRAIL SYSTEM- ALL TRAILS TO BE CONSTRUCTED TO

APPLICABLE CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS- TERRACE TRAILS UPGRADED WITH NEW TIMBER

GUARD RAILING, VIEWING PLATFORMS, & WALKING SURFACES

TRAINING & MEETING CENTRE- PERMANENT YEAR ROUND FACILITY- LOWER GARAGE LEVEL- UPPER MEETING & VIEW POINT AREA- SECURE WATERCRAFT STORAGE- 24 PARKING STALLS

EVENT FIELD- STAGING AREA FOR EVENTS- NEW PICNIC SHELTER & GROUP FIRE RINGS- OVER-FLOW PAKING AREA

LOWER STAGING AREA- BARRIER FREE RAMP TO RIVERS EDGE- WATER CRAFT STAGING BELOW KYAK COURSE- NO VEHICLE ACCESS

HWY 40 ACCESS UPGRADES- NEW NORTH BOUND LEFT TURN & BYPASS LANE- INCREASED LENGTH & WIDTH OF ACCEL.

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Barrier Lake Visitor Information CentreCurrent SituationThe Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre and its associated day-use area is the !rst major facility in Kananaskis Country for visitors heading south on Highway 40 from the Trans Canada Highway. The Visitor Information Centre has upwards of 85,000 visitors each year, and the parking lot is a popular location for carpoolers to gather before heading farther down Highway 40. Parks staff in the Visitor Information Centre are often the !rst point of contact for many visitors to Kananaskis Country. The day-use area includes a small parking lot with some pull-through parking, seven picnic sites behind the Centre, a two bay dump station, one vault toilet and garbage facilities.

Within the vicinity of the Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre are a series of terraces that are typical to the Lower Kananaskis River area. To the northeast of the Centre is a relatively "at, but poorly drained area. To the southwest is another "at area, which is better drained. Easy access to the river occurs via a trail from the day-use area to the river.

Analysis of Current SituationAlthough the parking lot can be busy at times, overall, the area is under-utilized.The picnic area is hidden by trees from both Highway 40 and the Visitor Information Centre. It is not used very often, except by those who want to remain out of sight.As the site includes a waste transfer station, Visitor Information Centre and is otherwise under-developed, the inclusion of a campground on the nearby terraces would complement exisiting facilities.

1. Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre2. Two bay waste transfer station3. Information centre parking lot4. Hidden picnic area

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Proposed RedevelopmentThe proposed redevelopment for this area is to construct a new campground and re-organize the day-use area. The parking and traf!c "ow in the day-use area would be improved via improved sight lines and one-way roads.

Two campground loops to the northeast and southwest would be constructed that are separate from the day-use area. In total, seventy-nine campsites would be developed – sixty-!ve back-in and fourteen pull-through sites. As these sites are close to the river, they may appeal to river-users, but would also appeal to the general public. The dump station would be upgraded to four bays to handle the anticipated increased demand from the new campsites. A shower building would be constructed in a location that is central to both the campground and the day-use area. Trails would be formalized from the camping area to the Lower Kananaskis River.

The parking around the Visitor Information Centre would be expanded to thirty-two regular parking stalls, eleven large unit angle parking stalls and 3 large unit pull-up parking stalls. A new day use parking area would be constructed that would have ninety-!ve parking stalls. Asphalt surface, raised curbs and painted lines would be included in all new parking areas. Where appropriate, lockers would be installed to accommodate the needs of campers who arrive at the campground on foot or on bike.

Further study is needed to determine if the current Visitor Information Centre is suf!cient to meet the needs of staff and visitors into the future, or if renovation and/or relocation is required. If a new Visitor Information Centre was to be built outside of the Lower Kananaskis River area, the existing Barrier Lake Visitor Information Centre could be redeveloped as an administration of!ce and/or campground store that would service staff, campers and day-users.

1. Example of a modern RV unit2. Example of pull-through campsite to

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WidowmakerCurrent SituationWidowmaker day-use area is the main put-in location for paddlers and commercial rafters to access the Lower Kananaskis River. It consists of a small gravel parking lot with one vault toilet, garbage facilities and a semi-formalized staircase to access the river. This area can become congested in high-use periods, leading to con"ict among user groups.

Within the vicinity of the current day-use area, the geography of the land has potential for future development as there are a series of "at, dry terraces. Recent archaeological studies indicate that there is low potential for items of archaeological signi!cance to be found in the area, but further environmental studies are needed to determine the signi!cance of the area as wildlife habitat and movement corridor.

Analysis of Current SituationTraf!c "ow needs to be addressed, and parking capacity needs to be increased as area gets congestedThe existing put-in location is not ideal for rafting companies as it is too smallThe stair-case that is used to access the put-in needs to be re-developed, and in a manner that improves barrier free accessThere is potential within the vicinity of the site to construct a new campground which would begin to address demand for increased and modernized camping opportunities in Kananaskis Country

1. Widowmaker water feature2. Widowmaker water feature3. Staircase leading to water feature4. Parking area5. Congestion at put-in location

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Proposed Redevelopment The proposed redevelopment for this site seeks to provide increased camping opportunities through a new campground development as well as improved river access for river-users, commercial rafting companies and their clients.

To address traf!c "ow and parking issues, the existing parking area would be expanded and formalized to an asphalt surface with raised curbs and painted lines. Built as designed it would consist of sixty angle stalls for large unit parking.

A new commercial rafting staging area would be constructed that is separate from the public access put-in. This should alleviate congestion at the main put-in location. The commercial rafting staging area will include a client drop-off area for rafting companies, ten truck & trailer angle pull-through parking stalls, vault toilet and a change building. A structure would be built which provides formalized and barrier-free access from the staging area to the put-in location on the river. This put-in location is a side-channel on the main river and as such, the slower speed of the river here will allow the space and time for rafting companies to prepare their clients for the trip down the river.

A new campground development is proposed on the series of benches above the Lower Kananaskis River. Built as designed, it would consist of 109 campsites – eighty-seven back-in sites and twenty-two pull-through sites. Three group-use areas, each with a vault toilet and picnic shelter, would also be built that collectively can hold another twenty-!ve units. These group-use areas may be able to be booked for over-night or day-use purposes. All campsites and group-use areas will be built large enough to accommodate modern recreational vehicles. An administration area is also proposed, and would include a combination ‘staff of!ce/check-in’ building, small parking lot of fourteen regular parking stalls, a shower building and washrooms. Where appropriate, lockers would be installed to accommodate the needs of campers who arrive at the campground on foot or on bike.

1. Location of commercial staging area on side channel

2. Example of a modern vault toilet

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EXISTING PARKING LOT- EXPAND TO 60 ANGLE STALLS

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COMMERCIAL RAFTING SITE- ANGLE PARKING FOR 10 TRUCK &

TRAILER UNITS OR BUSES- VAULT TOILET & SHELTER BLDG

UPPER CAMPGROUND- GROUP USE SITE- 22 PULL-THROUGH SITES- 45 BACK-IN SITES

LOWER CAMPGROUND- 42 BACK-IN SITES- GROUP USE SITE

- SHOWER BUILDING

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Barrier DamCurrent SituationBarrier Dam is a popular day-use area for picnickers, recreationalists and others accessing Barrier Lake, and hikers and bikers using the location as a staging area for trails in the vicinity. The formalized parking area has one vault toilet and ten parking stalls, but the paved loop road has wide enough shoulders that parking often occurs throughout the day-use area. On a busy day, upwards of !fty vehicles may be parked within the area.

The Barrier Dam is a working dam that regulates water "ows and provides electricity to the grid. Existing facilities are situated beside the dam. Active sewage lagoons used by Alberta Parks are also within the vicinity, but are not publically accessible.

Analysis of Current SituationTraf!c "ow needs to be addressed and parking capacity needs to be increasedThe popularity of picnicking warrants additional picnic sitesAccess to Barrier Lake is informal and needs to be formalizedAreas within the site need to be designated for a speci!c purpose (lake access, trail access and picknicking) to minimize parking congestion at pinch-point areas

1. Barrier Lake2. Barrier Dam structure3. Parking area

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Proposed Redevelopment The proposed redevelopment for Barrier Dam seeks to address parking and traf!c congestion issues by formalizing areas and separating uses, while retaining the site’s overall function as a day-use area. To do this a new hand-launch area, and associated turn-around area, would be developed with a "oating dock to allow better access to the lake. In addition, a new trail-head staging area would be established to provide access for hikers and bikers to trails in the vicinity. A four-season trail network would be constructed to better link the Barrier Dam day-use area to other sites in the Lower Kananaskis River area.

The parking area would be expanded and formalized, and would include an asphalt surface with raised curbs and painted lines. It would contain ninety-four regular parking stalls, and !ve bus bays. Four truck & trailer angle pull-through parking stalls would be included in a separate area as a staging area for commercial rafting companies. Roadway and site access upgrades are also necessary, and would include widening the main road, adding a guardrail along the lake, and constructing acceleration and deceleration lanes on Highway 40.

Additional picnic tables and vault toilets would be added to the day-use area as well.

1. Example of a "oating dock2. Example of a picnic area

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- HAND LAUNCH WITH FLOATING DOCK- TURN AROUND & DROP OFF AREA

- VAULT TOILETS & PICNIC SHELTER

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- PADDLE-IN PICNIC SITES

HWY 40 ACCESS UPGRADES- NEW NB LEFT TURN & BYPASS LANE- INCREASED LENGTH & WIDTH OF ACCEL.

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- 4 ANGLE PARKING STALLS

- TRAIL INFORMATION & STAGING AREA

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Proposed Disc Golf CourseThe proposed redevelopment for the area between the Barrier Dam and Widowmaker facility nodes is to provide an 18-hole disc golf course, which would connect with a four-season trail network. This proposed disc golf course would provide an affordable, accessible recreation opportunity for campers and day users of all ages and abilities.

Disc golf is similar to traditional golf, except that players throw "ying discs at an above-ground basket instead of a hole in the ground. The object of the game is to throw the disc into the basket in the fewest number of throws.

Built as designed, the proposed disc golf course would be low-impact, as very little permanent infrastructure is required and the tree stand and topographical features require little, if any modi!cation. A network of four-season multipurpose trails are being considered for the area, and there is high potential for the disc golf “fairways” to closely align with the trail disturbance.

Final alignment of each disc golf hole and trail location would be determined through detailed design and further environmental studies.

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entsSummaryRedevelopment of the Lower Kananaskis River area will begin to address the demand for camping and other recreational activities throughout Kananaskis Country, improve river access, and re-imagine Canoe Meadows as a site focused on training and sport. Wherever possible, universal design principles will be incorporated to make the area more ‘barrier free’. Guiding plans and policies have determined that the Lower Kananaskis River is an important recreational corridor, but all facility development will recognize the importance of conserving environmentally and archaeologically signi!cant sites contained within the planning area.

Implementing the entire Redevelopment Proposal will take time and resources, however there is a possibility of partnering with both the private and non-government sectors in the development and operation of facilities. It is also possible to phase implementation of the Proposal over several years. After Albertans’ comments have been considered and a !nal Proposal developed, further work will be necessary to determine funding models for construction and operation of the approved facilities, and the priority for construction of the facilities.

Source DocumentsGovernment of Alberta, 1999. Kananaskis Country Recreation Policy. Canmore, AB.

Government of Alberta, 2002. Bow Valley Protected Areas Management Plan. Canmore, AB.

Government of Alberta, 2008. Land-use Framework. Edmonton, AB.

Government of Alberta, 2009. Alberta’s Plan for Parks. Edmonton, AB.

Government of Alberta, 2011. Active Alberta Policy. Edmonton, AB.

Praxis Group, 2009. Recreational Vehicle Camping in Alberta: A Demand and Supply Side Perspective. Prepared on behalf of Government of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.

Rae, K. 2007. Management of River Recreation Resource: Understanding the Inputs to Management of Outdoor Recreational Resources. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.

Squires, M. 2001. Recreational use of the Lower Kananaskis River: An Investigation of Patterns of Use, Experiences and Opinions for Management. Prepared for Government of Alberta, Canmore, AB.