Lower Appendicular Skeleton

Pelvic Girdle Formed by two ossa coxa (hipbones) and

united anteriorly by the symphsis pubis. The pelvic Girdle supports the weight of the

body. Supports and protects vital organs.

Ossa Coxae Consists of 3 separate bones.

Ilium Ischium Pubis

Ilium Ilium is the largest and uppermost of the 3

pelvic bones Iliac Crest

Anterior superior iliac spine Can you feel it?

Posterior superior iliac Spine Dimple

Ischium Posterior Inferior component of the os coxae The ischial tuberosity is the bony projection

that supports the weight of the body in a sitting position.

Pubis Anterior component Forms the symphysis pubis

Sex Difference in the pelvis To accommodate child birth a females pelvis

is… Tilted forward Distance between the anterior superior iliac spine

is wider (wider hips) More spherical and wider Symphysis pubis is shallower Pubic arc is wider and more rounded

Lower Extremity Thigh Lower leg Ankle Foot

Thigh Femur is the only bone of the thigh

Largest heaviest and strongest bone in the body Takes 2000 lbs per square inch of pressure to fracture

the femoral shaft Proximal head articulates with the acetabulum of the

os coxa Common site for older people to fracture

Patella (knee cap) Sesamoid bone The patella is a traingular bone with…

Base Apex Articular facets.

Functions of the patella Protect the knee joint. Strengthen the tendon within which It is

located. Increase the leverage action when this tendon

is pulled.

Lower Leg Tibia Fibula

The tibia is the larger of the two bones

Tibia (Shinbone) Tibial Tuberosity

This is the attachment of the patellar ligament Can you fell it? This is were Interosseous (I.O.) infusion is preformed through

the flat bone surface found one finger’s width below the tibial tuberosity

Medial Malleolus Can you feel it?

Anterior Crest Shin bone

Furniture detector

Fibula Long narrow bone

This bone is mainly for muscle attachment not for support

Lateral malleolus Can you find it?

Ankle 7 tarsal bones

Two main bones Talus Calcaneus

Heel of the foot

Foot 5 metatarsal bones 14 phalanges within the toes Arches of the foot

Support the weight of the body and provide leverage when walking Longitudinal arch Transverse arch

Foot 2 Arches

Support the weight of the body and provide leverage when walking Transverse Arch Longitudinal arch

Medical problems associated with the pelvic girdle and lower leg Club foot (talipes) Fractures (read Does a broken bone heal so it’s stronger than before?)

Femoral Hip Patella Tibia Fibula Ankle

Club Foot The sole of the foot is twisted medially This is a congenital (inherited) problem

Femoral Fracture

Tibial Fracture

Fibula Fracture

Ankle Fracture

Patella Fracture