LOW CARBON BUILDING

FOR LOW CARBON CITIES Affordable and practical way to reduce carbon in building sector

Steve Anthony Lojuntin Energy Demand Management (Energy Efficiency) Unit

Sustainable Energy Development Authority @ SEDA Malaysia

Tel / SMS / WhatApps :+6019-2829102 Email: steve@seda.gov.my / asetip@damansara.net

Download at http://www.slideshare.net / asetip

SHAH ALAM TOWARDS A LOW CARBON CITY 2030

19 – 20 October 2015

Low Carbon Building

“ An alternative approach to achieve

green building from different

perspective of sustainability”

Using single, performance based and quantitative metric to assess

the performance.

Focus on basic element of low carbon – sustainable energy.

Focus on basic needs, practical & affordable to all type of buildings.

Support the current green technology & carbon reduction policies.

Aligned with current global low carbon development programme.

Low Carbon Development in Malaysia

2009 : Malaysia Commitment

2010 : Green Technology Policy to support

green and low carbon development

Green technology is the development and application of products,

equipment, and systems used to conserve the natural environment and

resources, which minimises and reduces the negative impact of human

activities

Minimises the degradation of the environment.

It has zero or low green house (GHG) emission.

It safe for use and promotes healthy and improved

environment for all forms of life

It conserves the uses of energy and natural

resources; and

It promotes the use of renewable resources.

Download copy @ www.kettha.gov.my

Low Carbon Development in Malaysia

More People Living in Urban Areas/Cities

Population Malaysia 18 million (1990) to 27.6 million (2010) - increase by 53% (Source: Census Data, 2010) Urbanization Rate • 27% in 1960, 42% in 1990, 54% in 1994, 61.8% (2000) for Malaysia, 65.4% (2000) for West Malaysia • Expected to grow to 75% by 2020 (Source: RFN 2001)

Energy • Energy Consumption – 61,279 metric tons (2005) (40% transportation & 40% industrial) • Energy Produced – 99,917 metric tons (2005) • 2006 – CO2 emission – 187 million tons 7.2 metric tons/person • 2004 – 5.9 metric tons/World 4.4 metric tons/person Info from Malaysia Inst. Of

Planners (Mdm Norliza)

People will use more energy & resources

7

Performance Criteria for GHG Reductions for Cities

• Urban Environment

• Urban Transportation

• Urban Infrastructure

• Building

• Urban Environment (20)

• Urban Transportation (8)

• Urban Infrastructure (7)

• Building (7)

• Urban Environment (5)

• Urban Transportation (4)

• Urban Infrastructure (4)

• Building (2)

Save Green Save Future

7

Performance Criteria are measurable strategies to reduce

carbon emission through:- - Policy control, Technological development, better process & product

management, change in procurement system, carbon capture,

consumption strategies & others.

Chances to reduce carbon emission

Building sector has the higher

chances to reduce carbon

emission in a township

Brief about Green Building

Green / Sustainable / Low

Carbon Buildings

Green Technology

Involved - Energy

- Indoor Environment

- Water Management

- Material used

- Site construction

-

Green Habits /

Thinking - Awareness / Responsibility

- Procurement

- Operation & Maintenance

- Recycling

Green Building Assessment

Tools in Malaysia

Green Building Tools in

Malaysia

o MyCREST (CIDB-JKR).

o Penarafan Hijau (PH-JKR).

o Green Building Index (GBI)

o GreenRE (REHDA)

o Melaka Green Seal (Melaka)

o GreenMARK (BCA – Singapore)

o LEED (USGBC – US)

o CASBEE Variant (IRDA-Japan)

o GreenPASS (CIDB)

STANDARDS

o MS 1525

o ISO 50001

o ISO 14000

Low Carbon Building Assessment System

- GreenPASS by CIDB (CIS 20 : 2012)

GreenPASS is a

Performance

Based

Assessment

System for

Building

Green PASS assessment

is 100% based on actual

carbon emission from

building construction and

/ or operations

Applied for :

1) Building Construction;

2) Building Operations

Recognised as one of the green building tools

together with PH (JKR) and GBI under RMK11

GreenPASS Carbon

Reduction Assessment System

Level of Achievement

(% of CO2e Reduction)

Assessment Scheme

for existing buildings

Assessment Scheme

for new buildings

(without bonus)

*(with bonus)

100% Carbon Neutral

≥ 70 to < 100

≥ 50 to < 70

≥ 30 to < 50

≥ 10 to < 30

≥ 1 to < 10

+

+

+

+

+

+ * Bonus ONLY applicable for Building Construction Category – 70% IBS Score, 3 Star

SHASSIC Rating, 70% QLASSIC Score

• Low Carbon Building is similar to the conventional

green building system which promotes uses of green

technology and green habits to reduce the degradation

of the environment.

• Use Carbon as metric for quantitative references to achieve the actual environment impact and not

based on points collected.

• A performance based: Does not address and assess

on how the building has been designed. The tool only

measure and assess the actual carbon reduction.

What are the Low Carbon buildings

• Straight forward, flexible, transparent, easy to

implement, consistance, easy to monitor since

based on actual performance. Measurable,

recordable, comparable, justifiable, can be

monitor and easy to proof.

• Cheaper and affordable since it is straight

forward and focus only the relevant criteria that

have high impact (lower $$$/CO2 reduction cost).

• Global trend - Relevant and gain popularity at

international level (towards zero or carbon neutral).

What are the Low Carbon buildings

Carbon Exist in every processes

Building Lifecycle Use, Management &

Maintenance [Higher Operational CO2

footprint]

From Energy Usage !!

80%

Pre - Design

Mostly addressed by most conventional Tools [Embodied CO2 footprint]

~ 20%

FACT! Most of the CO2e emission is during the operation phase !! ENERGY MANAGEMENT to tackle the source of the CO2 emission

Carbon emission in a life cycle of a building

Important Fact !

Kawasan 2011

Semenanjung Malaysia 0.747 kg CO2 / kwj

Sarawak 0.841 kg CO2 / kwj

Sabah 0.531 kg CO2 / kwj

Relation between use of energy and the

environment

Sumber: Laporan Penanda Aras Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Malaysia

2011 oleh Malaysian Green Technology Corporation

0.747 kg of CO2 emitted to the

atmosphere for each 1 kWh

electricity generated by power plant

(Peninsula Malaysia)

Net BEI = 114 (59% reduce)

1,490 TonCO2/year

GBI : Silver (2011)

ASEAN Energy Award : 2006

Net BEI = 63 (70% reduce)

637 TonCO2/year (**To verify)

GBI & GreenMark : Platinum (2011)

ASEAN EA : 2012

Net BEI = 30 (86% reduce)

65 TonCO2/year

GBI : Certified (2009)

ASEAN EA : 2009/2010/2011

Examples of Energy Efficient /

Low Carbon Building by the government.

CATALYS FOR GREEN BUILDING IN MALAYSIA

2007 2004 2010

Energy Efficient Buildings

Development Process

USING ENERGY

MANAGEMENT PROCESS

OPERATIONAL CARBON ≡ OPERATIONAL ENERGY

Sustainable Low Carbon Building Method

- By SEDA Malaysia

- Developed based on series of R&D, pilot projects, studies and continuos

actual building performance monitoring since 2002.

- The Sustainable Low Carbon Building Performance are mostly refer to the

technology, applications and management that has impact to the Energy

and Environment related to building operation & services

a) Design : Sustainable Energy (Energy Efficiency &

Renewable Energy) & Water Management.

b) Office appliances

c) Operation: Energy & Environment management in the O&M.

d) Renovation / retrofits

e) Other - Paper and water recycling

- Indoor air quality.

- Solid waste management / separation

f) End users awareness

PRACTICAL

SOLUTION TO

ACHIEVE LOW

CARBON BUILDING

INTEGERATED DESIGN APPROACH TO

GET THE BEST / LOWEST POSSIBLE

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

ENERGY

MANAGEMENT

BRAINSTORMING

ARCHITECTS

& ID

M & E

ENGINEERS

C & S

ENGINEERS

OWNER /

USERS

INTERIOR

DESIGNER

FACILITIES

MANAGEMENT

ICT

CONSULTANT

LANDSCAPE

CONSULTANT

ENERGY / LOW

CARBON / GREEN

CONSULTANT

SELECTION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES

- The design and selection of the strategies are

depends ultimate design target that required to be

achieved !

- Different building will have different design

strategies depend on the nature and physical of the

building.

- Any irrelevant measures or too expensive could be

omitted. Can be justified by Life cycle cost analysis!

- The best is to put priority strategies that have high

performance impact with low or minimum cost to

implement (kWh or CO2 reduction / $$$ invested)

-

Sustainable Energy Management System

Setup Energy

Management Committee

1

Appoint an Energy

Manager / EM

Committee leader.

2

Prepare an Energy

Policy / Mission

3

Set up an energy

monitoring &

reporting system

4

Implement a staff awareness &

training program

5

Conduct an

energy audit

6

Prepare a plan of

action based on

audit’s findings

7

Implement actions

8

Report & review results regularly

9

Annual Review

10

Operation

Phase (ISO 50001)

P-D-C-A

End User Awareness

- Energy management awareness among the

users are also very important!

Buildings can be design with super green

technology features but if lack of end user

awareness, the building would not operate

efficiently and waste energy.

Most of operators do not have sence of

energy management due to lack of awareness

and commitment.

Cost of Implementation

- Energy management - EE

RM0.60 to RM2.00 per kWh reduction

(payback within 3 – 8 years) * Based on several energy auditing, retrofitting and low carbon buildings

at commercial, industries and residential buildings in Malaysia.

Renewable Energy – EE (Solar PV)

(RM 6.70 to RM 8.40) per kWh reduction

* Based on installation of solar PV on roof pricing (RM8 – 10k/kWp)

NEW BUILDING DESIGN

EXAMPLES / CASES

Energy Management Features &

The Building Performance

In 2002: KeTTHA’s LEO Building

: ENERGY DESIGN ELEMENTS

In-house Energy

Manager +

Operation

monitoring team

by SEDA

ENERGY-10 Optimisation Energy Saving Features in LEO Building

Energy Index kWh/m2year

0 1000 200 300

275 Reference Case

247 Daylight use

223 EE Lighting 22 - 16 w/m2

195 Equipment 27 – 20 w/m2

173 EE Light 16 – 8 w/m2

123 EE Equipment 20 - 7.5 w/2

112 "Energy Management”

102 Room Temp 23 - 24 degrees

100 Especially Tight Building

100

239 Insulation in walls and roof

EE in Building Guideline Target (136kWh/m2/yr)

56%

reduction Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

= 3,366,475 kWh/yr

or more than RM 800,000

per year

= 3,366,475 kWh/yr x

0.614 kg CO2/kwh

= 2,067,016 kg/year CO2

= 2,067 tones CO2/year

LEO Building LEO BEI = 100

(Conventional) BEI = 275

175 kWh/m2year

Tariff C1

28.8 sen/kWh

Savings = 56%

Average Building Energy Index (BEI) in Parcel B

[kWh/m2/yr]378

315

278

196

233253

322

349

123

321

268

236

167

198215

273296

114

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 E4/5

Blocks

[kW

h/m

2/y

r]

AVERAGE (3276 hrs/yr) AVERAGE (Normalised to 2646hrs/yr)

Comparison LEO Building with several

buildings in Putrajaya

LEO Building Performance

Extra cost = 6 % (RM 1.60 / kWh reduction). Payback = 7 years

- Daylighting (almost 100%)

- EE lighting + task lights

- EE office equipment (laptops, LCD monitors, networked printers)

- Green IT Network & server room (75% wireless network)

- EE air conditioning & ventilation

- Floor slab cooling (For radiant cooling and thermal storage)

- PCM storage cooling system (minimised air-cond chillers capacity)

- Controls & Sensors (VSDs, VAVs, CO2, BMS / Energy monitoring)

- Double glazing (heat and sound insulation)

- Roof and wall Insulation (reduce outside heat gain)

- Grid connected BIPV system (Sell energy to TNB / no batteries)

- Rain water harvest system (landscape, aircond and cleaning)

2007: GreenTech Malaysia’s GEO Building

: DESIGN ELEMENTS

2007: GreenTech Malaysia’s GEO Building

: DESIGN ELEMENTS

GreenTech GEO

Building

( ~100% Daylight)

Diffused daylight

from skylight

MONTHLY GEO BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

8,8

24

8,3

68

6,9

93

8,2

13

9,3

94

9,5

23

8,5

86

8,2

05

8,7

96

9,1

09

9,1

05

10

,31

2

8,9

68

8,2

34

10

,06

7

9,5

11

8,0

52

8,5

39

6,7

62

7,2

68

7,4

19

8,4

07

6,1

48 8,7

44

10

,66

0

0

25

,87

6

16

,72

4

25

,78

4

27

,98

1

22

,25

1

24

,85

1

23

,63

5

24

,95

4

23

,77

7

29

,10

2

28

,01

2

28

,41

7

20

,24

4

18

,46

6

20

,11

0

17

,45

6

16

,06

6

17

,32

3

16

,41

0

16

,73

7

16

,19

8

14

,99

5 19

,60

0

17

,70

0

6,1

02

0

97.9

63.0

96

110

90 92 91 9388

111104105

7569

7565 62 64 63 62 60 62

7368

23

0

33 32 3036 35 33 30 33

37 3440

33 3237 35

31 3226 27 28

35

2334

40

00

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

En

erg

y C

on

su

me

d / E

ne

rgy

Ge

ne

rate

d [

kW

h/m

on

th]

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

BE

I [

kW

h/m

2/y

ea

r]

kWh PV kWh Total BEI [kWh/m2/yr] BEI PV Linear (BEI [kWh/m2/yr] )

kWh PV 8,824 8,368 6,993 8,213 9,394 9,523 8,586 8,205 8,796 9,109 9,105 10,312 8,968 8,234 10,067 9,511 8,052 8,539 6,762 7,268 7,419 8,407 6,148 8,744 10,660 0

kWh Total 25,876 16,724 25,784 27,981 22,251 24,851 23,635 24,954 23,777 29,102 28,012 28,417 20,244 18,466 20,110 17,456 16,066 17,323 16,410 16,737 16,198 14,995 19,600 17,700 6,102 0

Num of Days 13 31 30 31 30 31 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 31 28 31 30 2 0

BEI [kWh/m2/yr] 97.9 63.0 96 110 90 92 91 93 88 111 104 105 75 69 75 65 62 64 63 62 60 62 73 68 23 0

BEI PV 33 32 30 36 35 33 30 33 37 34 40 33 32 37 35 31 32 26 27 28 35 23 34 40 0

Avera

ge

Avera

ge

(with

July

08

Aug

08

Sept

08Oct 08

Nov

08Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09

Mac

09Apr 09

May

09

June

09

July

09

Aug

09

Sept

09Oct 09

Nov

09Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10

Mac

10Apr 10

May

10

June

10

Example - Monitored GEO Building Energy Index (BEI)

Energy (& CO2) Savings

= 492,125 kWh/yr

or RM 195,374 per year Energy saved

= 492,125 x 0.747

= 367,615 kg/year CO2

= 362 tones CO2/year

CO2 saved

Tariff B (Low Voltage Commercial Tariff) for all kWh

39.7 sen/kWh

0.747 kg of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere for each 1

kWh electricity generated by power plant (Peninsula

Malaysia)

GEO BEI = 65

(Conventional) BEI = 220

155 kWh/m2year

Old tariff B ; 40.8 sen/kWh

a/c area 3,175 sq.m

Savings = 70%

Net saving with Renewable Energy = 85%

Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

NEAR TO

CARBON

NEUTRAL

BUILDING

2011 ESB – PANASONIC GREEN WAREHOUSE

in SHAH ALAM

- Net BEI = 15.6kWh/m2/year (more than 70% energy reduced)

- 384.2 TonCO2/year

- SME Green Award 2012

- ASEAN Energy Award : 2012 : 1st Runner-up Tropical Buildings

-Green Features:

- 100% Daylighting. - Almost 100% Cross ventilation.

- EE Lighting Design and features. - Solar Compund Lighting.

- Inverter Aircond System (office) - Rain water Harvest System

Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

APPROCHING

CARBON

NEUTRAL

BUILDING

RETROFIT BUILDING

EXAMPLES / CASE

Through energy

auditing and energy

saving implementation

2007 : Retrofitted Warehouse / Workshop Building

with Enhance Energy Management in Shah Alam

kWh/yr RM/yr

No Cost Measures

De-lamping office lighting 13,476 3,153.38

Low Cost Measures

Use timer controller for temperature and operate silo ventilation 687,760 160,935.84

Use of daylight in warehouse 19,943 4,666.66

Replace normal EXIT signage to LED 2,208 516.67

Awareness campaigns 703,931 164,719.85

High Cost Measures

Replace the Metal Halide lamps to T5HO lamps 957,012 223,940.81

Lighting zoning 498,584 116,668.66

TOTAL 2,882,914 674,602

Measures

Annual Saving

Electrical

Actual Cost Reduction

50% Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

Results From The Implementation

Energy Saving Measures By KeTTHA

Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

2011 2011 2012

16.5% 18.8% 11.5%

Low Carbon House P14 @ Putrajaya

The Green Features: o East-West building orientation.

o Landscape to absorb heat (IR and UV).

o Natural cross ventilation & Daylighting.

o Energy efficient light & appliances.

o Energy efficient Interior Design.

o Waste management.

o Awareness and Green Practice.

BEI = 8.27 kWh/m2/year

CO2 = 1.7 ton / year

= 61.4% reduction

Since 2010

Only need 2kWp Solar PV to

make zero energy house

Low Carbon House P14 Total energy used & operational carbon emitted

Actual Building Energy Index (BEI)

= (2,400 kWh/year) / 290 m2.

= 8.27 kWh/m2/year. Building Common

Carbon Metric data in

Putrajaya 2010:

Average BEI for double

storey terrace house

= 24 kWh/m2/year.

Average CO2 Index for

double storey terrace

house

= 16 kgCO2/m2/year.

Reduction performance :

a) % of energy reduction

(refer to BEI and Putrajaya CCM 2010)

= (24 – 8.27) / 24 = 65%

b) % of CO2 reduction

(refer to CO2 Index and Putrajaya CCM2010)

= (16 – 6.18) / 16 = 61.4%

Actual Building Operational Carbon Index

= (1,793 kgCO2/year) / 290 m2

= 6.18 kgCO2/m2/year

Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

SEDA Low Energy Office @ Kota Kinabalu 2014

The Energy Efficient Features:

o Maximise use of Daylighting.

o Energy efficient light & appliances.

o Energy efficient Interior Design.

o Low Carbon ICT system

o Awareness and Practice.

BEI = 27 kWh/m2/year

CO2 = 16 KgCO2 / m2 / year

= 86.4% reduction

Only need 2.5kWp Solar PV to

make zero energy office

SEDA Low Energy Office @ Kota Kinabalu 2014

Maximum use of daylight SEDA Energy Efficient Office @ Likas Square

Actual Building Energy Index (BEI)

= (2,400 kWh/year) / 290 m2.

= 8.27 kWh/m2/year.

If N

ot

EE

220

209

BEI

(kW

j/m

2/y

ear

)

0

Building Energy Index (BEI)

If the office are not EE = 220 kWj/m2/setahun

Actual BEI of SEDA LEO = 27kWj/m2/setahun

27 Actual

Potential GreenPASS (Operational

carbon) Assessment

SEDA Low Energy Office (LEO) @ Kota Kinabalu Final energy reduction performance

Why EE / Low Carbon Building using Energy

Management approach is Affordable ?

The longer the way = $$$$$

Cheaper way

Common Question by the Industry

Is the Low Carbon Building / Energy

Efficient Building a green building?

Answer = YES !

As basic green building

Based on facts;

- Green technology Policy Definition.

- Sustainable energy is part of basic green component.

- Most global green buildings movement uses climate change as

key reason for going green (key contributor to climate change is

carbon emission that mostly by product of energy consumption.

- Proof in Malaysia : The EE building (LEO & GEO Building)

achieved Green Building Certification (GBI)

Next Improvement ….

Should upgrade to full green building.

Successful low carbon building project normally

motivated the owner to go the next level of sustainability

(green practices).

Example of LEO & GEO Building in Malaysia

Select the most suitable

green building tool.

The extra cost are

normally lower than

if start from scratch (depend on level of certification

target).

Next Improvement ….

(To obtain full green building certification)

GreenPASS

Certification

Carbon

Assessment

Full Green Building

Certification

o MyCREST (CIDB-JKR).

o Penarafan Hijau (PH-JKR).

o Green Building Index (GBI)

o GreenRE (REHDA)

o Melaka Green Seal (Melaka)

o GreenMARK (BCA – Singapore)

o LEED (USGBC – US)

o CASBEE Variant (IRDA-Japan)

UPGRADE

Next Improvement ….

(Example : Improvement to MyCREST)

GreenPASS

Certification

Carbon

Assessment

MyCREST

Certification

Sustainability +

Carbon

Assessment

GreenPASS certified building can be upgraded to MyCREST

Certification since GreenPASS Component (carbon assessment) is

part of MyCREST

Guidelines and Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency

& Renewable Energy Building

Development and Publication of EE in Buildings Guidelines by Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications & Post, 1989.

MS1525 : 2001 – Code of Practise Use of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Non-residential Buildings (Revised in 2007) by SIRIM.

Malaysia Industrial Energy Audit Guidelines, a handbook for energy auditors by KTAK, PTM and UNDP-GEF, 2003.

Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings by KTAK & PTM, 2004.

Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (Non-Domestic) by KTAK, DANIDA & JKR, 2004.

Energy Efficiency & Conservation Guidelines for Malaysian Industries by KTAK, PTM and UNDP-GEF;

- Part 1 : Electrical Energy-use Equipment, 2007.

- Part 2 : Thermal Energy-use Equipment (2010)

Sustainable Low Carbon Building Performance Framework (documentation in progress) by SEDA Malaysia.

Low carbon building approach is practical and affordable for any cities targeting for low carbon development programme (LCCF, Low carbon society, etc).

Based on series of R&D, studies & demonstrations shows that energy efficiency (sustainable energy) are the fundamental to reduce operational carbon footprint in building sector … (START WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING PROGRAM !!)

High EE building performance can be achieved through energy management process during the design and also operation.

Energy Efficient building is affordable if proper cost cycle analysis been conducted (during design & operation/retrofitting)

Conclusion

Encourage public and industry to participate in energy management and energy monitoring activities.

Use CIDB’s GreenPASS as assessment for Energy Efficient buildings based on actual energy reduction to align with national 40% carbon intensity reduction and global direction towards carbon neutral development

Appreciate and certified Sustainable Energy buildings (same like other certified green buildings) and provide incentives (not necessary in monetary).

To develop data repository for building energy and carbon emission (city level, State and National level).

Way Forward

Propose the Low Carbon Building performance programme as part of National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), to provide uniform assessment, reportable and verifiable.

The government recommended to embark on Common Carbon Metric (CCM) for various building topology for monitoring, benchmarking and reporting annual carbon reduction achievement.

Way Forward (cont’d)

Way Forward (cont’d)

54

Thank you for your attention

SEDA Malaysia, Galeria PjH, Level 9 Jalan P4W, Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

Phone : +603-8870 5800 / 5841

Email: fit@seda.gov.my / steve@seda.gov.my

Web: www.seda.gov.my

NEED HELP ON LOW CARBON BUILDING PROGRAM? - Tel / SMS : +6019-2829102

steve@seda.gov.my / asetip@damansara.net

http://www.slideshare.net/asetip + Steve Anthony Lojuntin

Additional Information

Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Malaysia

www.seda.gov.my

SEDA Malaysia Background

• Establishment of Sustainable Energy Development Authority of Malaysia (SEDA Malaysia) in May 2011

• Centralized Agency for RE.

• Renewable Energy Act & Feed In- Tariff (FiT) in Malaysia.

• Development & operation of e-FiT

• Assisting KeTTHA / Government on National Energy Efficiency Master Plan (2011-2012) (Until Sept 2012).

• Government NKEA EPP9 Programme : Energy Efficiency - EE in Government Buildings / Universities.

- SAVE EE Programme / EE Appliances & Chillers rebate prog.

- Development of Energy performance Contracting (EPC) (Until Sept 2012)

• Assisting Government on the development of the Energy Efficiency & Conservation Act (until Sept 2012).

• Government NKEA EPP4 : Green Technology Business Sector

• ESCO Voluntary Accreditation Programme (until Sept 2012).

• Demonstrate and retrofitting EE projects in Government Buildings.

Program by SEDA Malaysia

• Sustainable Low Carbon Building Performance System ***

Documentation of the Low Carbon Building Framework based on

past experiences (R&D, demonstration, energy monitoring, etc).

To support National carbon reduction target.

Compatible & direct support to LCCF, GreenPASS and Green RE,

and it can be used to support other green building rating system.

Development of Low Carbon Buildings (new design & existing buildings).

Application & Promotion of MS1525 : Code of Practice Use of

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy for Non-residential Buildings.

• Sustainable Energy in Buildings (supporting the Gov. Lead By Example)

- Facilitate, assist and providing technical advices on sustainable

energy in buildings from time to time.

- Sustainable Energy Management program.

- Technical matters on Energy Performance Contracting activities.

- Energy Auditing & Retrofitting.

- Monitoring & Verification and Reporting.

Program by SEDA Malaysia

• Low Carbon ICT (“of ICT” and “by ICT”). - Promotion and Development of Low Carbon ICT in government.

- To support the Green ICT program by government.

- To support the Sustainable Low Carbon Building Performance.

- Baseline of energy / carbon emission in ICT.

- Development of Green ICT standard (committee in MCMC/MDeC).

- Building Energy Management System / Energy Monitoring System.

- Auditing, Retrofitting & Performance Monitoring.

• Capacity Building & Technical Services in Sustainable Energy. - Solar PV Installation.

- Mini Hydro Installation.

- Power Quality Study.

- Energy Audit / Energy management (including thermal energy)

- Energy Efficiency in Chillers & Air conditioning.

- Sustainable Low Carbon Buildings / MS1525 program.

- Low Carbon ICT.

- Retrofitting, Finetuning & Performance Monitoring.

- Facilitate Energy Performance Contracting (EPC).

- Facilitating the Government & Private agencies including the Local Councils / PBTs.

Low Carbon Program by SEDA Malaysia

SEDA’s Low Carbon equation;

Low Carbon

= Sustainable Energy X Operational Carbon factor (0.747 kgCO2/kWh)

The low carbon scope is only within the sustainable

energy programme. E-waste, recycling, product labelling, waste management are not included since it is out of SEDA Malaysia scope.

Method to Identify Building Energy Index (BEI),

NET BEI, GFA, NFA, ACA in several projects in Malaysia since year 2000

(including KeTTHA and agencies)

1

Malaysian Green Technology Corporation

(GreenTech Malaysia) PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS PUSAT TENAGA MALAYSIA

fendi@greentechmalaysia.my

www.greentechmalaysia.my

Building Consumption

Input System

Sustainable Energy Development Authority

(SEDA) Malaysia

steve@seda.gov.my www.seda.gov.my

May 2013

Definition

Gross Floor Area (GFA),

Net Floor Area (NFA),

Air-Cond Area (ACA)

Building Energy Index (BEI)

Net Building Energy Index (Net BEI)

Gross Floor Area (GFA):

Total area of all floors of a building as measured to the outside

surfaces of exterior walls and including flat roofs, halls, stairways,

elevator/lift shafts, attached garages / carparks

(undergound/attached/indoor), porches, balconies, basements,

offices but excluding voids and open/uncovered carparks.

Net Floor Area (NFA):

Also called Net-Usable Area or Occupied Area. Gross Floor Area

excluding Carparks & External Corridor; the area included in

surrounding walls of a building e.g offices, stores, meeting rooms,

risers, internal porches etc, or portion thereof.

Air Cond Area (ACA):

is Net-Floor Area which has air conditioning/ cooling spaces

excluding toilet (for some buildings) and M&E rooms.

Definitions

Net Floor Area OR

GFA

NFA

ACA

BEI Defination as ;

Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]

= Total Energy Consumption a year [kWh/year]

Total Occupied or Net Floor Area [m2]

Total Energy Consumption is defined as total energy of

electricity (or electricity equivalent) consumed by the building

in kWh per annum.

•All energy consumed by the Gross Floor Area (occupied

and unoccupied in building including energy for ICT.

•Excluding energy produced by Renewable Energy.

NET BEI Definition as ;

NET BEI [kWh/m2/year]

= Total Net Energy Consumption [kWh/year]

Total Net Floor Area [m2]

Total Net Energy Consumption is defined as total energy of electricity (or

electricity equivalent) consumed by the building in kWh per annum and Total

Energy Generated (electricity equivalent) in the building.

• All energy consumed by the Gross Floor Area (occupied and unoccupied

in building including energy for ICT.

• Include energy produced by Renewable Energy.

NET BEI [kWh/m2/year]

= (∑ Energy Consumption - ∑ Energy Generated by RE ) [kWh/year]

Total Net Floor Area [m2]

Notes : This conventional BEI formula has been used in series of government and

private projects and documents such as;

More than 38 government buildings in UiTM Energy Auditing Projects ECO-Energy-PTM (2000-2001).

12 Government Buildings Energy Audit by ESCOs & PTM (2003).

LEO Building (since 2002).

GEO Building (Since 2007).

EPU – DANIDA Integrated Resources Planning – EE in Office, Hospital & Hotels (2004-2006)

Putrajaya Government Energy Audit & Retroffiting Projects by KeTTHA / SEDA (2010 - 2012).

Prime Minister Office Enegry Audit by JKR (2010)

Low Carbon Cities Framework (by KeTTHA/GreenTech Malaysia and launched by YAB PM in Sept 2011).

Draft of Construction Industry Standard (CIS) 20, GreenPASS by CIDB (since 2011).

Europe Asean Energy Funding Project (Building Benchmarking PTM - NUS) (2007).

Online Building Consumption Input System (BCiS) (since 2010).

More than 50 Government Buildings in Putrajaya (by JKR Putrajaya).

Common Carbon Metric Building Study in Putrajaya (2010).

Energy Audits of Government Quarters by JKR & ECO Energy (2006).

Energy Audits of Government Clinic at Taman Ehsan by DANIDA-JKR (2003).

Energy Audits of Government Schools by JKR & ECO-Energy (2006)

Energy Efficiency Design of Government School Computer Lab (2004).

ESB-Panasonic Green Warehouse in Shah Alam (2012)

IKEA Warehouse Shah Alam by ECO-Energy (2007).

SEDA Malaysia Low Energy Office (LEO) @ Kota Kinabalu (2014)

Private own buildings on commercial and industrial.

Energy Management project by the Industry / ESCOs.

Energy manager and Energy management training course.

Energy Audit trainings