Loudoun County Public Schools / Overview · Web viewA Nation Divided Notes 187 Slavery And...

CIVIL WAR DATE: ____/____/____ NAME: ___________________________ BLK: ___ PG#

CIVIL WAR

DeGuzman, Doyle, Gavrin, Griffith, Griswold, Hinchman – LCPS (2013-2014) U.S. History I

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CIVIL WAR CONTENTS PageTitle Page 181

Table of Contents 182Civil War Anticipation Guide 1 183Civil War Anticipation Guide 2 184

A Nation Divided 1 185A Nation Divided 2 186

A Nation Divided Notes 187Slavery And Compromise 188

The Compromises 189The Compromises Maps 190

Dred Scott, The Election Of Lincoln, And Secession 191

Secession Map 192Civil War Leaders 193

Civil War 1861-1862 194Civil War 1861-1862 195

Civil War 1863 196Civil War 1864-1865 197Civil War Battle Map 198Civil War Event Chart 199Battlefield/Homefront 200

African Americans And The Civil War 201


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CIVIL WAR ANTICIPATION GUIDE 1

Before After

SOL 9a – DIFFERENT LIVES

T FCultural differences between Northern and Southern

states created political and social disagreements which led to Civil War.

T F

T F Southerners favored tariffs on manufactured goods. T F

T FThe national government’s power was viewed by all US

states as supreme over the rights of the states’ governments.

T F

T F Issues related to slavery increasingly divided the Union and led to the Civil War. T F

T F Northerners feared the abolition of slavery would destroy their economy. T F

T F Tariffs protected factory owners and workers in the North, from foreign competition. T F

T F The North was mainly an urban society where people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations. T F

T FCauses of the Civil War were based on Economic, Cultural, and Constitutional differences between the Northern and

Southern regions of the United States.T F

T F Southerners believed that their states had the power to declare any national law illegal. T F

SOL 9b – COMPROMISE

T FMissouri entered the Union as a slave state at the same

time Maine entered as a free state in order to keep a balance in Congress.

T F

T F “Popular Sovereignty” means that the people will decide for themselves. T F

T F California received its statehood as part of a Compromise in 1850. T F

T FIn 1820, a boundary line across the 36˚ 30’N parallel was

established to divide states where slavery was permitted from those where it was not permitted.

T F

T F The policy of “popular sovereignty” in the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to violence and bloodshed. T F

T F The case of Dred Scott led the Supreme Court to rule the Missouri compromise unconstitutional. T F


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CIVIL WAR ANTICIPATION GUIDE 2

Before After

SOL 9c – SECESSION

T F Not all slave states chose to secede from the United States. T F

T F Southern states waited to see what Abraham Lincoln would do, as President, before deciding to secede. T F

T FThe following states chose to secede from the Union: SOUTH

CAROLINA, ALABAMA, FLORIDA, ARKANSAS, TENNESSEE, GEORGIA, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, VIRGINIA, VERMONT, NEW HAMPSHIRE,

MISSISSIPPI, and NORTH CAROLINA,T F

T FStates that remained in the Union, (even though they were slave states) were: DELAWARE, MARYLAND, KENTUCKY, and

MISSOURI.T F

T F Western Virginia seceded from Virginia rather than secede from the United States. T F

SOL 9d – CIVIL WAR LEADERS

T F Robert E. Lee was offered the command of the Union army at the beginning of the war. T F

T F Jefferson Davis was a spy for the Union. T FSOL 9E – CIVIL WAR EVENTS

T FBlockading Southern ports, Controlling the Mississippi River,

Struggling to capture capital cities, and keeping Control of the higher ground were important influences in the developments

and outcome of the war.T F

T FThe Civil War began in Wilmer McLean’s backyard in Manassas,

VA in 1861 and ended in his living room in Appomattox Courthouse, VA in 1865.

T F

T F The first shots fired during the Civil War, were at Ft. Bragg, NC. T F

T F The turning point of the war was the Battle of Vicksburg. T FSOL 9F – CIVIL WAR AFTERMATH

T F Robert Smalls went from being a Confederate sailor to a Union sailor. T F

T F Disease killed more soldiers during the war, than battlefield injuries. T F

T F Much of the South was destroyed by the end of the War, so T FDeGuzman, Doyle, Gavrin, Griffith, Griswold, Hinchman – LCPS (2013-2014) U.S.

History I

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CIVIL WAR DATE: ____/____/____ NAME: ___________________________ BLK: ___ PG#Southerners used the money they made from cash crops to

rebuild.

T FAfrican Americans in the North served as soldiers even though

they were discriminated against, paid less, and served in segregated units under the command of white officers.

T F

A NATION DIVIDED 1HOW DID DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIFE LEAD TO THE

CIVIL WAR?Even though they were part of the same country, the North and the South were very different. Certain cultural, economic, and constitutional differences were dividing the nation. What were the issues that eventually resulted in the Civil War?

HOW THEY LIVED

The northern states and the southern states lived very different lives and had very different societies. The chart below shows how their geography influenced their differences.

NORTH SOUTH Manufacturing and

industry Dense urban areas with

large populations Many railroads and

canals Slavery outlawed

Agriculture and plantations

Few cities and small population

Few railroads or canals Slavery important to

economy

TARIFFS

Tariffs helped to protect goods made in northern factories by making goods made in other countries more expensive. People would then buy the northern goods rather than the foreign goods. Northerners supported tariffs.

Southerners did not like tariffs. They didn’t want to pay for more expensive things. Also, Southerners were afraid that other DeGuzman, Doyle, Gavrin, Griffith, Griswold, Hinchman – LCPS (2013-2014) U.S.

History I

Good HarborsRocky Soil

Good HarborsFertile Soil

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countries might charge tariffs on southern cash crops as a way of getting back at American tariffs.

A NATION DIVIDED 2HOW DID DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIFE LEAD TO THE

CIVIL WAR?CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

The North was mainly an urban society. This means that the people lived mostly in cities and towns and worked outside of their homes in factories and other businesses.

The South was mainly an agricultural society. People there lived in small villages, on farms, or on large plantations. Because of these cultural differences, the people of the North and South had a hard time agreeing on political and social issues.

STATE VS. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Northern states wanted a strong central government that had the power to make laws for all of the states.

Southern states believed that states should have the power to make their own laws and meet the unique needs of their citizens. They did not want to be pushed around by a strong central government that the heavily populated Northern states might dominate.


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A NATION DIVIDED NOTESHOW THEY LIVED NORTH SOUTH

TARIFFS

CULTURE

STATE VS. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.

SLAVERY AND COMPROMISEDeGuzman, Doyle, Gavrin, Griffith, Griswold, Hinchman – LCPS (2013-2014) U.S.

History I

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HOW DID AMERICANS TRY TO COMPROMISE ABOUT SLAVERY AS MORE STATES WERE ADDED TO THE UNION?

When territories had enough people living in them, they were allowed to ask the Congress to join the United States as a new state. Many new states joined the United States in the 1800s, but slavery worried many people as they did so.

SLAVERY AND NEW STATES

Southerners feared that if enough “free” states – or states that banned slavery - joined the country, they would unite to ban slavery in all states by using the central government.

Southerners believed that it was up to each state to decide if they wanted to have slavery or not, and did not trust a central government to protect their interests. Many southerners were willing to vote for their states to leave the United States, or secede, and form a new nation where slavery was protected.

As new states joined, their decision to be free or slave threatened to upset a balance in Congress. Those who wanted to preserve peace and compromise wanted free states and slave states to have equal representation in the Senate, where each state had two votes. Balance was impossible in the House of Representatives, because the North had a much larger population than the south.

AS NEW STATES WERE ADDED THERE HAD TO BE AT LEAST AN EQUAL NUMBER OF FREE AND SLAVE STATES IN THE SENATE OR THE SOUTH MIGHT LEAVE THE UNITED STATES TO PROTECT SLAVERY



THE COMPROMISESWHAT DIFFERENT WAYS WERE FREE AND SLAVE STATES ADDED

TO THE UNITED STATES?

Whenever the addition of a state to country meant that slave states would be outnumbered in the Senate, a compromise was needed.

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820

States Added: Missouri (slave)Maine (free)

An imaginary line was drawn through the Louisiana Purchase. All new states north of the line would be free. All states south of the line would be slave.

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850States Added: California (free) Utah (slave) New Mexico (slave)

New territories won in the Mexican War upset the balance in Congress between free and slave states. A compromise was reached where California was added as free but the other territories could decide their status on their own.

THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTStates Added: Kansas (slave)

Nebraska (free)

Territories: Popular Sovereignty

Kansas and Nebraska seek to become new states. Compromise reached where each territory would vote on whether to become free or slave. People supporting free and slave status invaded Kansas and began fighting. The violent period was called “Bleeding Kansas.” The Pro-slavery forces win.DeGuzman, Doyle, Gavrin, Griffith, Griswold, Hinchman – LCPS (2013-2014) U.S.

History I

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THE COMPROMISESWHAT DIFFERENT WAYS WERE FREE AND SLAVE STATES ADDED

TO THE UNITED STATES?


THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF

1820

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850

THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

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DRED SCOTT, THE ELECTION OF LINCOLN, AND SECESSION

HOW DID A SUPREME COURT DECISION AND LINCOLN’S ELECTION INFLUENCE THE SOUTH TO LEAVE THE UNITED STATES?

A slave named Dred Scott crossed into a free state with his master. Scott, knowing he was in a free state, tried to petition a court for his freedom, claiming that he couldn’t be a slave in free territory.

In 1857, The Supreme Court ruled against Scott. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property, and had

no rights. Slaves could not be legally taken away from their masters

because a person’s property was protected by the 5th amendment.

It was illegal for the government to tell people where they could take property they owned, and the Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional.

Abolitionists were furious. The Dred Scott decision motivated them to end slavery once and for all.

In 1860, the Republican Party said that if they were elected to Congress, they would abolish slavery across the country. This scared many Southerners. Abraham Lincoln, a lawyer from Illinois, was chosen to be their candidate for President. Lincoln said he personally favored abolition, but wouldn’t force the Southern states to give slavery up. Southerners did not trust him. Lincoln won the election of 1860.

Southern states, one by one, voted to leave the union and form their own country, called the Confederate States of America. This was called secession. Southerners believed that since the states had originally created the Constitution, they could choose to leave it.

Northerners and Lincoln believed that the United States could not be broken up. They thought the Constitution was permanent, and were willing to fight to keep the southern states. People began to talk of war.


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THE CO

NFED

ERACY - G

RAY- Alabam

a - North Carolina - Arkansas - South Carolina - Florida - Tennessee - Georgia - Texas - Louisiana - Virginia- M

ississippi

THE U

NIO

N

Border States (Slave states that stayed in the Union) - Blank– Delaware – M

aryland– Kentucky – M

issouri

Free states - Blue– California – New Ham

pshire– Connecticut – New Jersey– Illinois – New York– Indiana – Ohio– Iowa – Oregon– Kansas – Pennsylvania– M

aine – Rhode Island– M

assachusetts – Vermont

– Michigan – W

est Virginia*– M

innesota – Wisconsin

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CIVIL WAR LEADERSWHO WERE THE KEY PEOPLE FOR THE UNION AND CONFEDERACY

IN THE CIVIL WAR?


UNION CONFEDERACY

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THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1862WHAT WERE SOME OF THE KEY EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE

CIVIL WAR?

FORT SUMTER

In 1861, Southern troops stationed in Charleston, South Carolina demanded a fort in the harbor of the city still held by Union troops called Fort Sumter surrender. The Union troops refused, and Confederate soldiers opened fire. The Union troops had no hope of resupply, and surrendered soon. No one was killed, but Confederate troops had fired on Union forces. The Civil War had begun!

THE ANACONDA PLAN – HOW WOULD THE NORTH BEAT THE SOUTH?

The Union decided it would win the war by doing three things. Capturing the entire Mississippi River so that the South

couldn’t use it for transportation or communication Blockading Southern harbors so that the South wouldn’t be

able to trade overseas Capturing the Southern capital of Richmond, Virginia

HOW WOULD THE SOUTH WIN THE WAR?

The South did not need to conquer the North to win the war. They only had to make the North want to stop fighting. Southern leaders would try to win as many battles as possible to make the North want to quit. If the south could win a battle in Northern land, it would make even more of a difference.

NORTHERN ADVANTAGES SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES

Larger population (more troops)Larger navyMore money and factoriesMany railroadsAccess to overseas markets

Strong generalsKnow the landLarger territoryPlaying defense


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THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1862WHAT WERE SOME OF THE KEY EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE

CIVIL WAR?

THE FIRST BATTLE OF MANASSAS – FIRST BULL RUN

Many thought the war would end quickly. One side or the other would win the first battle, and that would be it. The first battle took place as the Union army tried to march south from Washington, D.C. to capture Richmond.

A Confederate army fought the Union army at the First Battle of Manassas and won. The Union was in for a long fight.

THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM AND THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

In 1862, Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North. He hoped a victory on Northern land would force the Union to respect Southern independence.

As Lee crossed from Virginia to Maryland, he was met by a Union army. The Battle of Antietam would end in a draw, but Lee was forced to retreat back into Virginia.

Lincoln used the opportunity of Lee’s invasion being stopped to write the Emancipation Proclamation. This presidential order freed all slaves in Confederate territory. Lincoln did not have the power to end slavery, but he said that because slaves were being used by states in rebellion in their economy, he had a right to take control of them.

No one in the south respected the proclamation, but the document made it clear that the Union was now fighting to free the slaves.


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THE CIVIL WAR 1863WHAT WERE SOME OF THE KEY EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE

CIVIL WAR?

VICKSBURG – THE UNION CAPTURES THE MISSISSIPPI

As Robert E. Lee fought off Union attacks in the East, a Union army led by Ulysses S. Grant marched down the Mississippi River from the north and captured the port city of Vicksburg. This Union victory meant that the Union had divided the Confederacy east and west along the Mississippi River and the river could no longer be used by the south for transporting goods or communication.

GETTYSBURG – LEE’S SECOND INVASION OF THE NORTH IS CRUSHED

As Vicksburg was falling, Robert E. Lee decided to try and invade the Union once more. Confederate forces made it as far as Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. There they met a Union army, and over three days failed to beat it. The Confederate forces were badly damaged in the fighting, and retreated to Virginia.

It was a huge victory for the North, and turned the tide of the war. The Confederacy would be unable to attack the North again. They were low on troops, supplies, and the Union blockade was starving their economy. The Union was only getting stronger.


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THE CIVIL WAR 1864 - 1865WHAT WERE SOME OF THE KEY EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE

CIVIL WAR?

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA

One of Ulysses S. Grant’s generals, William T. Sherman, attacked Georgia in 1864. This “March to the Sea” started at the Tennessee/Georgia border and continued all the way to Savannah, Georgia. Along the way Sherman captured the important railroad center of Atlanta and burned or destroyed any goods, buildings, or livestock that could help the Confederates.

LEE SURRENDERS

The year after Gettysburg, Ulysses S. Grant moved east to take on Robert E. Lee himself. Through all of 1864 and the spring of 1865, Grant and Lee fought all across northern Virginia on the way to Richmond. Many homes, farms, and towns were destroyed in the fighting.

In April 1865, after the capture of Richmond and with no hope of supply, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. Soon, the other Confederate armies surrendered. The war was over.


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CIVIL WAR BATTLE MAP


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CIVIL WAR EVENT CHART


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