LostScrolls FieldofGlory of Glory/Field of... · those in Field of Glory Companion 5:Legions...

OSPREYPUB L I SH ING

Lost Scrolls, the 13th and final Field of GloryCompanion, presents some of the armiesmost often requested by members of theField of Glory community. From Beja andTuareg hordes toVietnamese and GermanCity League armies, there is somethingfor everyone to be found in Lost Scrolls.This volume also includes Seven Hills,a mini-theme for Field of Glory campaigns,covering Etruscans, Samnites, Horatius atthe bridge and all the armies and enemiesof the early Roman Republic.

Lost Scrolls is a companion to Field of Glory, the historical miniaturestabletop wargaming rules system for ancient and medieval wargaming.To play the rules you will need a copy of Field of Glory.

Visit www.fieldofglory.com for the latest releases including companionarmy lists, hints and tips, discussion forums and more.

FIELD OF GLORY COMPANION 13O

SPREY

OSPREYPUB L I SH ING

Written by Richard Bodley Scott and Nik Gaukroger, assisted by James Hamilton,

Paul Robinson, Karsten Loh, Rudy Scott Nelsonand Richard Young

FOG13 Lost Scrolls.qxd:Layout 1 5/10/09 07:55 Page 1

First published in Great Britain in 2010 by Osprey Publishing Ltd.

© 2010 Osprey Publishing Ltd and Slitherine Software UK Ltd.

Osprey Publishing, Midland House,WestWay, Botley, Oxford OX2 0PH, UK44–02 23rd St, Suite 219, Long Island City, NY 11101, USAE-mail: [email protected]

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A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN: 978 1 84908 158 0E-book ISBN: 978 1 84908 159 7

Rules system by Richard Bodley Scott, Simon Hall andTerry ShawPage layout and cover concept by Myriam Bell Design, FranceIndex by Sandra ShotterTypeset in Joanna Pro and Sleepy HollowCover artwork by Peter DennisPhotography by Irregular Miniatures,Venexia Miniatures, Old Glory UK, Magister Militum,Aventine Miniatures, Khurasan Miniatures, Mirliton and Scotia GrendelAll artwork and cartography © Osprey Publishing LtdProject management by JD McNeil and OspreyTeamTechnical management by Iain McNeilOriginated by PDQ Media, Bungay, UKPrinted in China throughWorldprint Ltd09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 4

EARLY REPUBLICAN ROMAN 5Early Republican Roman Allies

ETRUSCAN LEAGUE 11Etruscan Allies

UMBRIAN ALLIES 16

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES 17Italian Hill Tribe Allies

LATIN 19Latin Allies

SAMNITE 23Samnite Allies

CAMPANIAN 27Campanian Allies

APULIAN, LUCANIAN OR BRUTTIAN 31Apulian, Lucanian or Bruttian Allies

EARLY NOMAD 33Early Nomad Allies

EARLY HIGHLAND RAIDERS 36Early Highland Raider Allies

EARLY ELAMITE 39Early Elamite Allies

AMORITE KINGDOMS 41Amorite Kingdoms Allies

VIETNAMESE 45Vietnamese Allies

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN 47Pre-Islamic Arabian Allies

LATER PRE-ISLAMIC BEDOUIN 49Later Pre-Islamic Bedouin Allies

AXUMITE 53Meroitic Allies

BEJA, NILE VALLEY BLEMMYE 55 OR EARLY NOBATAEBeja Allies

TUAREG 57Tuareg Allies

MEDIEVAL GERMAN CITY LEAGUES 59Medieval German City League Allies

LATER MEDIEVAL FEUDAL GERMAN 66Later Medieval Feudal German AlliesLater Medieval Danish Allies

LATER MEDIEVAL FRISIAN 71OR DITHMARSCHENLater Medieval Frisian or DithmarschenAllies

APPENDIX 1 – USING THE LISTS 74

APPENDIX 2 – THEMED TOURNAMENTS 77

INDEX 78


4

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INTRODUCTION

This book differs from the other Field of GloryCompanions in not being based on a singlehistorical and geographical theme. Instead it offersa mini-theme covering the early history of Rome,and a number of lists supplementing thosecovered by our other Field of Glory Companions.

THE SEVEN HILLS OF ROME

The “Seven Hills” theme covers the early wars ofthe Roman Republic, from the deposition of themonarchy and the attempt of Rome’s Etruscanoverlords to stamp on the fledgling Republic,through its epic struggles against its neighbours,till its eventual dominance of Italy.

In addition to the Romans themselves, theselists cover their sometimes enemies, sometimesallies the Latins, the enigmatic Etruscans, thefierce and resilient Samnites, the hill tribes of the Aequi, Aurunci, Hernici, Picentes, Sabines,Sidicini and Volsci, and the southern ItalianOscans of the Campanian plain, Apulia, Lucaniaand Bruttium. Together with the Gallic list inField of Glory Companion 1: Rise of Rome, theselists form the “Seven Hills” theme. They can allalso be used in tournaments based on the “Riseof Rome” theme.

THE LOST SCROLLS

The “Lost Scrolls” comprise a number of listsfilling some gaps in the coverage of Ancient andMedieval warfare by our other Field of GloryCompanions.

Firstly we include four lists from the earliesthistorical times, covering the armies of thenomadic and highland tribes surrounding thesettled regions of Syria, Canaan and Mesopotamia,the early Elamites to the south-east ofMesopotamia, and the kingdoms the nomadic

Amorites founded after their migration into thecivilised areas. These armies are interesting in theirown right, and will provide additional opponentsfor several of the armies in Field of GloryCompanion 9: Swifter than Eagles.

Next, we have a list for Vietnamese armies of the Ancient and early Medieval period. Thisforms an addition to the lists covered by Field ofGlory Companion 11: Empires of the Dragon.

Then, we provide four lists covering the settledand Bedouin armies of the Arabian peninsulaprior to the ultimate victory of Islam, the Beja,Blemmye and Nobatian armies of the upper Nilevalley and surrounding desert, and the Axumitekingdom of Abyssinia. These armies supplementthose in Field of Glory Companion 5: LegionsTriumphant and Field of Glory Companion 7: Declineand Fall.

Next, by popular demand, we include a list for those feared camel warriors, the Tuaregs ofthe Sahara.

Lastly, we include three supplementary listsfor the “Storm of Arrows” theme, coveringvariant armies for which there was no space inField of Glory Companion 2: Storm of Arrows. Twolists cover later medieval German city league andfeudal armies in more detail than in the originalvolume. The Storm of Arrows Medieval German listshould be used for Imperialist armies. The thirdlist details the interestingly different armies ofthe Free Cantons of Frisia and Dithmarschen.

Camel enthusiasts will find much to pleasethem in this book. Large numbers of camelwarriors can be found in the Early Nomad, Beja, Nile Valley Blemmye and Early Nobatae and Tuareg lists, with lesser numbers in the Later Pre-Islamic Arabian and Later Pre-IslamicBedouin lists.


INTRODUCTION

EARLY REPUBLICANROMAN

ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN

APULIAN, LUCANIANOR BRUTTIAN

EARLY NOMAD

EARLY HIGHLANDRAIDERS

EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN

LATER PRE-ISLAMICBEDOUIN

AXUMITE

BEJA, NILE VALLEYBLEMMYE OREARLY NOBATAE

TUAREG

MEDIEVAL GERMANCITY LEAGUES

LATER MEDIEVALFEUDAL GERMAN

LATER MEDIEVALFRISIAN ORDITHMARSCHEN

APPENDIX 1 – USINGTHE LISTS

APPENDIX 2 – THEMEDTOURNAMENTS

5

EARLY REPUBLICAN ROMAN


This list covers Roman armies from theoverthrow of the monarchy c.509 BC until 280 BC. It is part of the “Seven Hills” theme, andcan also be used in themed tournaments basedon Field of Glory Companion 1: Rise of Rome.

In Roman tradition, the city of Rome wasfounded in 753 BC. The Roman calendar countedyears from this date – ab urbe condita (from thefoundation of the city). Initially, Rome was ruledby kings, the last three of at least partly Etruscanorigin. The final king, Tarquinius Superbus, was(according to tradition) overthrown in 509 BCand a republic formed.

There was an initial struggleto repel Etruscan attemptseither to restore the monarchy

or reduce the fledglingrepublic to vassal status,

followed swiftly by awar to re-establish

supremacy overRome’s Latin

neighbours. Around 493 BC a mutual defencetreaty was signed between Rome and the Latinsagainst the mountain tribes.

In the early 4th century Rome conquered theEtruscan city of Veii to the north and subduedthe Volsci to the south and the Aequi to the east.In 387 BC, however, Rome was sacked by aninvading Gallic army under Brennos. The invaderswere subsequently defeated and driven off by theRoman army under Marcus Furius Camillus.

After a short period of recovery from thedamage done by the Gauls, the Romans oncemore began to expand. Over the course of the 4thcentury, they extended their hegemony into theterritory of the Etruscans and Gauls to the northand the Samnites and Campanians to the south.

Following the First Samnite War (343–341 BC),a push by the Latins for equal status with Romewithin the Latin League resulted in the Latin War(340–338 BC). It ended with the dissolution ofthe League, increased control by Rome, and theLatins being granted some rights and varyingdegrees of Roman citizenship.

By 280 BC, Rome controlled over half of theItalian peninsula.

TROOP NOTES

In the 6th and 5th centuries BC, Roman foot weredivided into five classes. The first class, consistingof the wealthiest men, was required to musterwith helmet, round hoplite shield, breastplate,greaves and long thrusting spear. The second classwas required to have helmet, oval shield (scutum),greaves and spear. The third class, helmet, scutumand spear. The fourth class, according to Livy, wasrequired to bring long thrusting spear and javelinsonly, but according to Dionysios of Halikarnassos,also a shield. The fifth class, according to Livy,

Triarius


6

LOST SCROLLS

was required to bring sling and stones only, but according to Dionysios, sling or javelins. Thefirst class operated as a heavy hoplite phalanx,with the other classes in supporting roles. It is not known whether the first class formed upseparately from the second and third classes, orwhether it formed the front ranks of mixedbodies. The proportions of the different classesare also uncertain, as Livy specifies them in terms of centuries. If a standard sized century isassumed, the proportion of men qualifying forthe first class (total property amounting to, orexceeding, 100,000 lbs weight of copper) seemsimplausibly high. As the Romans believed that

greater property implied a greater stake in thestate, and hence greater voting rights, it is likelythat the first class was organised into smallercenturies than the lesser classes.

At some time in the 4th century BC, probablyafter the First Samnite War, the Roman army wasextensively reformed. Thereafter, the legion nolonger operated as a hoplite phalanx, insteadbeing divided into more manoeuvrable sub-unitscalled maniples, each of 120 men. These weredeployed in a chequer-board formation, with thegaps between the maniples of the first “line”being covered by the maniples of the second“line”. The heavy infantry of the legion formed

Roman Hoplites fleeing Celtic warriors, by Richard Hook. Taken from Men-At-Arms 283: Early Roman Armies.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






7


up in three “lines”. All used the large oval scutum.The front “line”, the hastati, comprising the“flower of the young men”, were armed with anew weapon, the pilum – a heavy throwing spear.In advance of these, light infantry called levesskirmished with javelins. The second heavyinfantry “line”, the principes, were the mainstay of

the army, men in their prime, who,in this period, continued to use

the thrusting spear as theirweapon. The third “line”,the triarii, comprised asmaller number of theolder men, also armedwith thrusting spears. Twoadditional classes of troopsare recorded. The first ofthese is the rorarii, This may

simply be anothername for the leves,

or they may have been light infantry attached tothe triarii. The second is the accensi, who were thebaggage attendants and only committed in anextreme emergency – they are only recorded asfighting on one occasion.

Battle groups of hastati and principes representthe maniples of the first and second heavyinfantry “lines”, deployed in manipular chequer-board formation. Although the principes werearmed with long thrusting spears in this period,the overall effect of the formation is bestrepresented under the rules by classification asImpact Foot, Swordsmen.

From the end of the Latin War in 338, Latinallies were organised into alae with the sameinfantry structure as Roman legions, but withmore cavalry. From that date we do notdistinguish them from Roman troops – they areincluded in the normal maxima for cavalry, hastati& principes, triarii, leves, rorarii and accensi.

Roman Musician

EARLY REPUBLICAN ROMAN STARTER ARMY (405–341 BC)Commander-in-Chief 1 Field CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander

Cavalry 2 BGsEach comprising 4 bases of cavalry: Average, Armoured, UndrilledCavalry – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Separately deployed infantryof the 1st class

2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of infantry of the 1st class: Superior,Armoured, Drilled Heavy Foot – Offensive Spearmen

Separately deployed infantryof the 2nd or 3rd class

2 BGsEach comprising 8 bases of infantry of the 2nd or 3rd class: Average,Protected, Drilled Heavy Foot – Offensive Spearmen

Infantry of the 4th class 2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of infantry of the 4th class: Average,Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot – Javelins, Light Spear

Infantry of the 5th class 2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of infantry of the 5th class: Average,Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot – Sling

Camp 1 Unfortified campTotal 10 BGs Camp, 8 mounted bases, 52 foot bases, 3 commanders


LOST SCROLLS

BUILDING A CUSTOMISED LISTUSING OUR ARMY POINTS

Choose an army based on the maxima andminima in the list below. The following specialinstructions apply to this army:

• Commanders should be depicted as cavalry.• Before 340 BC cavalry can always dismount

as Superior, Armoured or Protected (asmounted type), Undrilled, Heavy Foot,Impact Foot, Swordsmen.

• 1st class infantry must either all be deployedseparately or all be deployed in mixed battlegroups with 2nd and 3rd class infantry.

• If deployed separately, the army cannotinclude more battle groups of 1st classinfantry than it includes of 2nd and 3rdclass infantry.

• The minima marked * only apply ifthe Heavy Foot classes are deployedseparately.

• The minimum marked ** only applies ifmixed bodies of 1st, 2nd and 3rd classinfantry are used.

• If any 1st, 2nd or 3rd classinfantry are Drilled, all must be.

• Latin allied foot cannot be Drilled unlessRoman 1st, 2nd and 3rd classes are.

• Hastati, principes and triarii must be organised as legions: Hastati and principes are brigadedtogether as battle groups. Depending on thesize of army represented, a legion could beorganised as 2 battle groups, each of 4 hastati& principes, and 1 battle group of 2 triarii, or as2 battle groups, each of 8 hastati & principes,and 1 battle group of 4 triarii.

• It is recommended that each legion bedeployed with its hastati & principes in frontand its triarii in support behind.

• If part of a legion is upgraded, the wholelegion must be upgraded.• If part of a legion is downgraded,

the whole legion including leves mustbe downgraded.

• The army, includingallies, cannot include

more than a total of 12 basesof cavalry.

• Only one non-Latin alliedcontingent can be used.

EARLY REPUBLICAN ROMAN STARTER ARMY (340–280 BC)Commander-in-Chief 1 Troop CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander


Hastati & Principes 6 BGsEach comprising 4 bases of hastati & principes: Average, Armoured,Drilled Heavy Foot – Impact Foot, Swordsmen

Triarii 3 BGsEach comprising 2 bases of triarii: Superior, Armoured, Drilled HeavyFoot – Offensive Spearmen

Leves 3 BGsEach comprising 4 bases of leves: Average, Unprotected, Drilled LightFoot – Javelins, Light Spear

Accensi 1 BG8 bases of accensi: Poor, Protected, Undrilled Heavy Foot – DefensiveSpearmen


Cavalryman

8


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






9


EARLY REPUBLICAN ROMANTerritory Types: Agricultural, Developed, Hilly

C-in-C Inspired Commander/Field Commander/Troop Commander 80/50/35 1

Sub-commandersField Commander 50 0–2

Troop Commander 35 0–3

Troop nameTroop Type Capabilities Points

per baseBases

per BGTotal basesType Armour Quality Training Shooting Close Combat

Core Troops

Cavalry CavalryArmoured

Average Undrilled – Light Spear,Swordsmen

124–6 4–8

Protected 9

Separatelydeployedinfantry of the1st class

Only before340 Heavy Foot Armoured

SuperiorUndrilled – Offensive

Spearmen12

6–8

*8–24Average 9

Only from405 to 341 Heavy Foot Armoured

SuperiorDrilled – Offensive

Spearmen13

6–8Average 10

Separatelydeployedinfantry of the2nd or 3rd class

Only before340 Heavy Foot Protected Average Undrilled –

OffensiveSpearmen 7 6–8

*8–84Only from405 to 341 Heavy Foot Protected Average Drilled –


Mixed infantryof the 1st, 2ndand 3rd classes

Only before340 Heavy Foot Armoured Average Undrilled –


0–32

**20–116

Only from405 to 341 Heavy Foot Armoured Average Drilled –


Only before340 Heavy Foot Protected Average Undrilled –

OffensiveSpearmen 7 6–8 0–

116Only from405 to 341 Heavy Foot Protected Average Drilled –


Infantry of the4th class

Only before340

Medium FootProtected

Average Undrilled – Light Spear5

6–86–24Unprotected 4

Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Javelins Light Spear 4 6–8


Light Foot UnprotectedAverage

Undrilled Sling –4

6–8

6–16Poor 2


Undrilled Javelins Light Spear4

6–8Poor 2

Hastati andprincipes

Only from340

Heavy FootArmoured

Average Drilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen

104–8 16–56

Protected 8

Triarii Heavy Foot ArmouredSuperior

Drilled – OffensiveSpearmen

132–4

1 per 4hastati and

principesAverage 10

Leves Light Foot Unprotected Average Drilled Javelins Light Spear 4 4–81 per 2

hastati andprincipes

Upgrade veteranlegions to:

Heavy FootArmoured

Superior Drilled –Impact Foot,

SkilledSwordsmen

144–8 0–16

Protected 11

Heavy Foot ArmouredElite


162–4

1 per 4hastati and

principesSuperior 13

Light Foot Unprotected Average Drilled Javelins Light Foot 4 4–81 per 2


Downgradeunenthusiasticallies or rawlegions to:

Heavy Foot Protected Poor Drilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen 6 4–8 0–16

Heavy Foot Protected Poor Drilled – OffensiveSpearmen 6 2–4

1 per 4hastati &principes

Light Foot Unprotected Poor Drilled Javelins Light Foot 2 4–81 per 2



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Optional Troops

Rorarii

Only from340

Light Foot Unprotected Average Drilled Javelins Light Spear 4 4–8 0–8

Accensi Heavy Foot Protected Poor Undrilled – DefensiveSpearmen 4 6–8 0–8

Lighterequipped Italianallied infantry

Medium Foot ProtectedAverage

Drilled – Light Spear,Swordsmen

76–8 0–12

Poor 5

Allies

Campanian allies (Only from 343)

Hernician allies (Only before 387) – Italian Hill Tribes

Latin allies (Only before 340) – up to 2 contingents

Lucanian allies (Only from 298 to 290)

Samnite allies (Only in 340)

EARLY REPUBLICAN ROMAN ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases



Average Undrilled –Light Spear,Swordsmen

124 0–4

Protected 9


Only before340

Heavy Foot ArmouredSuperior

Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

126–8

*6–8Average 9

Only from405 to 341

Heavy Foot ArmouredSuperior

Drilled –OffensiveSpearmen

136–8

Average 10


Only before340

Heavy Foot Protected Average Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

7 6–8

*6–16Only from405 to 341

Heavy Foot Protected Average Drilled –OffensiveSpearmen

8 6–8


Only before340

Heavy Foot Armoured Average Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

9 6–8

0–12

**8–24

Only from405 to 341

Heavy Foot Armoured Average Drilled –OffensiveSpearmen

10 6–8

Only before340

Heavy Foot Protected Average Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

7 6–8

0–24Only from405 to 341


8 6–8


Only before340



6–80–8Unprotected 4





4–6

0–6Poor 2



4–6Poor 2


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






11

ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

Hastati andprincipes

Only from340

Heavy FootArmoured

Average Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

104–8 8–24

Protected 8

Triarii Heavy Foot ArmouredSuperior


132–4

1 per 4hastati and

principesAverage 10

Leves Light Foot Unprotected Average Drilled Javelins Light Spear 4 4–81 per 2


Upgrade veteranlegions to:

Heavy FootArmoured

Superior Drilled –Impact Foot,

SkilledSwordsmen

144–8 0–8

Protected 11

Heavy Foot ArmouredElite


162–4

1 per 4hastati and

principesSuperior 13

Light Foot Unprotected Average Drilled Javelins Light Foot 4 4–81 per 2


Downgradeunenthusiasticallies or rawlegions to:

Heavy Foot Protected Poor Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

6 4–8 0–8

Heavy Foot Protected Poor Drilled –OffensiveSpearmen

6 2–41 per 4hastati &principes

Light Foot Unprotected Poor Drilled Javelins Light Foot 2 4–81 per 2


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

This list covers the armies of the Etruscan Leaguefrom its foundation in the early 7th century BCuntil final conquest by Rome in 280 BC. It is partof the “Seven Hills” theme, and can also be usedin themed tournaments based on Field of GloryCompanion 1: Rise of Rome.

The origin of the Etruscans is uncertain. Theyappear to have spoken a non-Indo-Europeanlanguage. They may have been native to Italy(pre-dating the influx of Indo-Europeans) or

from outside – possibly even from Anatolia (modern Turkey).

From a core territory inmodern Tuscany, theyexpanded north into the Po valley and south into

Latium (modern Lazio) and Campania.

Historians do not agree on which citiescomprised the twelve cities of the League, but thefollowing are probable: Arretium (Arezzo), Caisra(Caere – modern Cerveteri), Clevsin (Clusium –modern Chiusi), Curtun (modern Cortona),Felathri (Volaterrae – modern Volterra), Perusna(Perugia), Pupluna (Populonia), Tarchna(Tarquinii – modern Tarquinia-Corneto), Veii,Velzna (Volsinii – modern Bolsena), Velch (Vulci– modern Volci) and Vetluna (Vetulonia). Once a year, according to Livy, representatives of thetwelve cities met at the Fanum Voltumnae atVolsinii to choose a leader for the following year.

In the 6th century, the Etruscans alliedthemselves with Carthage against the Greek citiesof southern Italy and Sicily (Magna Graecia).Around 540 BC, the joint fleets of the Etruscansand Carthaginians defeated a Phokaian fleet nearthe Phokaian colony of Alalia in Corsica (modernAléria). Corsica was divided between theEtruscan Officer


12

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Etruscan Hoplite (left), Latin Hoplite (right) and Horatius at the bridge, by Richard Hook. Taken from Men-At-Arms 283: Early Roman Armies.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






13

ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

Etruscans and Carthage, which also kept Sardinia.The Etruscans held control of the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Early Rome was dominated by the Etruscans,the last three kings being of at least partlyEtruscan origin. Following the overthrow of theRoman monarchy in 509 BC, according to Livy,an attempt by the Etruscans, under Lars Porsenaof Clevsin, to restore the deposed Roman king,Tarquinius Superbus, was unsuccessful. Accordingto other ancient writers, however, Porsena didsucceed in subjugating Rome for a time, but didnot restore Tarquinius Superbus, and soon lostcontrol again. In the following years Romeestablished its primacy in Latium.

In 480 BC the Carthaginians were defeatedin Sicily by the Greeks led by Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse, and Theron, tyrant of Akragas(modern Agrigento). In 474 BC the combinedfleets of Hieron I of Syracuse and Aristodemosof Cumae (a Greek city north-west of modernNaples) defeated the Etruscan fleet near Cumae.Following this, the Etruscans lost control of the Tyrrhenian Sea, and their decline began in earnest.

In the late 5th century BC the Etruscan cities in Campania were lost to the Oscan Campani.Around 400 BC, the Etruscan cities in the Povalley were lost to the Gauls, although Felsina(modern Bologna) held out till c.350. In 396 BC,Veii, one of the richest Etruscan cities, only 16 kilometres north-north-west of Rome, fell to the Romans. The surviving Etruscan citiessubsequently fought several wars with Rome,

sometimes allied with the Samnites and/orGauls. Around 282 BC, the Etruscans and theirGallic allies were decisively defeated by theRomans near Lake Vadimo. Thereafter Etruriacame firmly under Roman control.

TROOP NOTES

Etruscan infantry were divided into a number ofclasses on the basis of wealth. The first classconsisted of armoured hoplites with round hopliteshields and wielding a long thrusting spear. Thesecond and third classes were armed with ovalscutum and spear. It is not known whether the firstclass formed up separately from the second andthird classes, or whether they formed up in mixedbodies. The fourth class was of skirmishers.

Rome, under heavy Etruscan influence, andruled by Etruscan kings until 509, had an almostidentical organisation until some time in the 4th century BC.

Devoted troops swore an oath to die rather thanretreat. Some armoured troops in the early part ofthe period were armed with two-handed axes.

In the 4th century, some Etruscaninfantry were re-equipped with thepilum – the heavy throwing spearadopted by the Romans.However, there is noevidence of division intoseparate lines like the Romanhastati, principes and triarii.

Etruscan Axeman


14

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• Commanders should be depicted as cavalryor infantry of the 1st class.


• If deployed separately, the army cannotinclude more battle groups of 1st classinfantry than it includes of 2nd and 3rdclass infantry.

• The minima marked * only apply if theHeavy Foot classes are deployed separately.

• The minimum marked ** only applies if mixed bodies of 1st, 2nd and 3rd classinfantry are used.

• Gallic, Samnite and Umbrianallies can be used togetherfrom 330, otherwise onlyone allied contingent canbe used.

ETRUSCAN LEAGUE STARTER ARMY (405–331 BC)Commander-in-Chief 1 Troop CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander

Cavalry 2 BGsEach comprising 4 bases of cavalry: Superior, Armoured, UndrilledCavalry – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Devoted infantry 1 BG4 bases of devoted infantry: Superior, Armoured, Drilled Heavy Foot –Offensive Spearmen


2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of infantry of the 1st class: Average,Armoured, Drilled Heavy Foot – Offensive Spearmen



Infantry of the 4th class 1 BG6 bases of infantry of the 4th class: Average, Unprotected, UndrilledLight Foot – Javelins, Light Spear

Infantry of the 4th class 1 BG8 bases of infantry of the 4th class: Poor, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot – Bow

Infantry of the 4th class 1 BG8 bases of infantry of the 4th class: Poor, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot – Sling


Etruscan 1st classInfantryman


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






15

ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

ETRUSCAN LEAGUETerritory Types: Agricultural, Developed, Hilly





per baseBases


Core Troops

Cavalry Cavalry

Armoured Superior

Undrilled – Light Spear,Swordsmen

16

4–6 4–12Armoured Average 12Protected Superior 12Protected Average 9


Only before330 Heavy Foot Armoured Average Undrilled –


*8–24Only from405 Heavy Foot Armoured Average Drilled –



Only before330 Heavy Foot Protected

AverageUndrilled – Offensive

Spearmen7

6–8

*8–80

Poor 5

Only from405 Heavy Foot Protected

AverageDrilled – Offensive

Spearmen8

6–8Poor 6


AverageDrilled – Impact Foot,

Swordsmen8

6–8Poor 6


Only before330 Heavy Foot Armoured


Spearmen9

6–8

0–32

**20–104

Poor 7

Only from405 Heavy Foot Armoured


Spearmen10

6–8Poor 8

Only from330 Heavy Foot Armoured


Swordsmen10

6–8Poor 8

Only before330 Heavy Foot Protected


Spearmen7

6–8

0–104

Poor 5



Spearmen8

6–8Poor 6



Swordsmen8

6–8Poor 6

Infantry of the 4th class


Undrilled Bow –5

6–8 0–8

6–24

Poor 3



6–8 0–8Poor 2



6–8 6–24Poor 2Optional Troops

Chariots Only before500

LightChariots – Superior Undrilled – Light Spear 15 4–6 0–6

Axemen Only before405 Heavy Foot Armoured Superior Undrilled –

HeavyWeapon 12 4

0–4Devoted foot

Only before330 Heavy Foot Armoured Superior Undrilled –

OffensiveSpearmen 12 4

Only from405 Heavy Foot Armoured Superior Drilled –

OffensiveSpearmen 13 4

Peasant levies Mob Unprotected Poor Undrilled – – 2 10–12 0–12

Allies

Gallic allies – See Field of Glory Companion 1: Rise of Rome

Italiot allies – Classical Greek – See Field of Glory Companion 3: Immortal Fire

Latin allies (Only before 500)

Roman allies (Only from 506 to 501) – Early Republican Roman

Sabine allies – Italian Hill Tribes

Samnite allies

Umbrian allies


16

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UMBRIAN ALLIES

Umbria is a region of central Italy, bordering onTuscany to the north-west andLazio to the south-west. AncientUmbria thus bordered on theterritories of the Etruscans and the

Romans and Latins. Very little isknown about the militarysystem of the Umbrians, sothis allies list is highly

speculative. The late 5th century

Mars of Todi depicts an armoured spearman andbears an inscription in Umbrian. This and otherdepictions suggest that they had some hoplites atleast. The hilly and mountainous nature of theUmbrian terrain suggests that other foot wouldprobably be best graded as Medium Foot.

The following special instructions apply tothis allies list:

• Commanders should be depicted as cavalry.• If any HF or MF are Drilled, all HF and MF

must be Drilled.

ETRUSCAN ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases


Cavalry Cavalry

Armoured Superior

Undrilled –Light Spear,Swordsmen

16

4 0–4Armoured Average 12

Protected Superior 12

Protected Average 9


Only before330

Heavy Foot Armoured Average Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

9 6–8

*6–8Only from405


10 6–8


Only before330

Heavy Foot ProtectedAverage


76–8

*6–24

Poor 5

Only from405



86–8

Poor 6

Only from330


Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

86–8

Poor 6


Only before330

Heavy Foot ArmouredAverage


96–8

0–12

**8–32

Poor 7

Only from405



106–8

Poor 8

Only from330



106–8

Poor 8

Only before330



76–8

0–32

Poor 5

Only from405



86–8

Poor 6

Only from330



86–8

Poor 6

Infantry of the 4th class Light Foot UnprotectedAverage


6–8 0–8Poor 2

Umbrian Hoplite


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






17

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

This list covers the various Italianhill tribes, including the Aequi,Aurunci, Hernici, Picentes,

Sabines, Sidicini and Volscifrom the early 7th centuryBC until the last of thesewere conquered by Rome inthe early 3rd century BC.

It also covers the Samnites prior to the formationof the Samnite League in 355 BC. It is part of the“Seven Hills” theme, and can also be used inthemed tournaments based on Field of GloryCompanion 1: Rise of Rome.

TROOP NOTES

Infantry and cavalry fought mainly with javelinsand swords.

UMBRIAN ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases


Cavalry Cavalry

Armoured Superior


16

4 0–4Armoured Average 12Protected Superior 12Protected Average 9

HoplitesAny date Heavy Foot Armoured Average Undrilled –

OffensiveSpearmen

9 6–86–8

Only from405


10 6–8

Other footAny date Medium Foot Protected Average Undrilled –

Light Spear,Swordsmen

6 6–86–24

Only from405

Medium Foot Protected Average Drilled –Light Spear,Swordsmen

7 6–8

Skirmishers Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Javelins Light Spear 4 4–6 0–6

Volsci Picked Infantryman

ITALIAN HILL TRIBE STARTER ARMYCommander-in-Chief 1 Field CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander

Cavalry 2 BGsEach comprising 4 bases of cavalry: Superior, Protected, UndrilledCavalry – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Picked javelinmen 2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of picked javelinmen: Superior, Protected,Undrilled Medium Foot – Impact Foot, Swordsmen

Javelinmen 4 BGsEach comprising 8 bases of javelinmen: Average, Protected, UndrilledMedium Foot – Impact Foot, Swordsmen

Skirmishers 2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of skirmishers: Average, Unprotected,Undrilled Light Foot – Javelins, Light Spear



18

LOST SCROLLS



• Commanders should be depicted as cavalryor javelinmen.

• A hill tribe allied commander’s contingentmust conform to the Italian Hill Tribes allieslist below, but the troops in the contingentare deducted from the minima and maximain the main list.

• All Medium Foot javelinmen must have thesame close combat capabilities.

ITALIAN HILL TRIBESTerritory Types: Agricultural, Hilly, Woodland




Hill tribe allied commanders Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 0–2


per baseBases


Core Troops

Cavalry Cavalry ProtectedSuperior


124–6 4–8

Average 9

Picked javelinmenMedium Foot Protected Superior Undrilled – Light Spear,

Swordsmen 8 6–80–16

24–160

Medium Foot Protected Superior Undrilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen 9 6–8

JavelinmenMedium Foot Protected Average Undrilled – Light Spear,

Swordsmen 6 6–8 16–160

Medium Foot Protected Average Undrilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen 7 6–8

Optional Troops


Field fortifications FieldFortifications 3 0–16

Allies

Latin allies (Only before 338)

ITALIAN HILL TRIBE ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases


Cavalry Cavalry ProtectedSuperior


124 0–4

Average 9

Picked javelinmenMedium Foot Protected Superior Undrilled – Light Spear,


8–32Medium Foot Protected Superior Undrilled – Impact Foot,

Swordsmen 9 4–6

JavelinmenMedium Foot Protected Average Undrilled – Light Spear,


Medium Foot Protected Average Undrilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen 7 6–8



INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






19

LATIN

Venetic warriors, by Richard Hook. Taken from Men-At-Arms 283: Early Roman Armies.

LATIN

This list covers Latin armies from 509 BC untilthe end of the Latin War in 338 BC. It is part ofthe “Seven Hills” theme, and can also be used inthemed tournaments based on Field of GloryCompanion 1: Rise of Rome.

The Latin League, probably formedin the 7th century BC, was a mutualdefence confederation of Latin-speaking people in the region of Latium (modern Lazio) near Rome. Following thelegendary Battle of Lake Regillus, inwhich the Latin League, led by the exiled King of Rome,

Tarquinius Superbus, was defeated by the armyof the Roman Republic, a treaty of alliance wassigned in 493 BC between Rome and the League.

This treaty provided for mutual defenceagainst the neighbouring hill tribes. Joint forces were to be commanded by

Roman generals. Over the next 150 years, as

the power of Rome grew, itincreasingly came to dominatethe League. This eventually led toLatin rebellion in the Latin War

Latin Officers


20

LOST SCROLLS

(340–338 BC). Following Roman victory, theLeague was dissolved and the Latin towns weredirectly ruled from Rome. The Latins were grantedvarying degrees of Roman citizenship.

TROOP NOTES

Livy describes the Latins as identical to theRomans in language, customs, arms and militaryinstitutions.

LATIN STARTER ARMY (405–338 BC)Commander-in-Chief 1 Field CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander



2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of infantry of the 1st class: Average,Armoured, Drilled Heavy Foot – Offensive Spearmen



Infantry of the 4th class 2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of infantry of the 4th class: Average,Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot – Javelins, Light Spear

Infantry of the 5th class 1 BG6 bases of infantry of the 5th class: Average, Unprotected, UndrilledLight Foot – Sling


5th class Infantryman


Choose an army based on the maxima andminima in the list below. The following specialinstructions apply:

• Commanders should be depicted as cavalry.• Cavalry can always dismount as Superior,

Armoured or Protected (as mounted type),Undrilled, Heavy Foot, Impact Foot,Swordsmen.


• If deployed separately, the army cannotinclude more battle groups of 1st class

infantry than it includes of 2nd and 3rdclass infantry.

• The minima marked * only apply if theHeavy Foot classes are deployed separately.

• The minimum marked ** only applies ifmixed bodies of 1st, 2nd and 3rd classinfantry are used.

• If any 1st,2nd or 3rdclass infantryare Drilled, allmust be.

• Only one allied contingentcan be used.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






21

LATIN

Early Roman warriors, by Richard Hook. Taken from Men-At-Arms 283: Early Roman Armies.


22

LOST SCROLLS

LATINTerritory Types: Agricultural, Developed





per baseBases


Core Troops



124–6 4–12

Protected 9


Any date Heavy Foot Armoured Average Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

9 6–8

*8–24Only from405


10 6–8


Any date Heavy Foot Protected Average Undrilled –OffensiveSpearmen

7 6–8

*8–88Only from405


8 6–8



9 6–8

0–32

**20–118

Only from405


10 6–8


7 6–80–

118Only from405


8 6–8

Infantry of the 4th classMedium Foot

ProtectedAverage Undrilled – Light Spear

56–8

6–24Unprotected 4


Infantry of the 5th class



6–8

6–16Poor 2



6–8Poor 2

Allies

Campanian allies

Italian Hill Tribe allies


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






23

SAMNITE

SAMNITE

This list covers Samnite armies from 355 to 272BC. It is part of the “Seven Hills” theme, and canalso be used in themed tournaments based onField of Glory Companion 1: Rise of Rome.

The Samnites were one of the Oscan peopleswho lived in central and southern Italy. Theyoccupied the south central Apennines, borderingon Latium to the north, Lucania to the south,Campania to the west and Apulia to the east.

A written treaty with the Romans was madein 354 BC. Soon after, in 343 BC, the FirstSamnite war against Rome broke out, in responseto Samnite incursions into Campania. Romanand Latin forces fought alongside Campaniansagainst the Samnites. The Samnites were defeatedby 341 BC. Soon after, war broke out between

the Romans and their Latin “allies”. The Romansthen allied with the Samnites against the Latinsand Campanians. Once again, the Roman sidewas victorious.

In 327 BC, the Samnites again enteredCampania, and put a garrison into Neapolis(modern Naples). The Campanians again soughtRoman aid, and so the Second Samnite War(326–304 BC) began. In 321 BC, having comeoff worst in the fighting, the Samnites sued forpeace – but were offered such harsh terms thatthey felt obliged to refuse. The Romans weregiven cause to regret their rapacity. Later the sameyear, at the Caudine Forks, the Samnites trappedthe Roman army in a mountain valley, where itbegan to starve. The consuls were forced to agree

LATIN ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases




124–6 4–6

Protected 9



9 6–8*6–8

Only from405


10 6–8



7 6–8*6–16

Only from405


8 6–8



9 6–80–12

**8–24

Only from405


10 6–8


7 6–80–24

Only from405


8 6–8

Infantry of the 4th classMedium Foot

ProtectedAverage Undrilled – Light Spear

56–8

6–8

6–12

Unprotected 4Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Javelins Light Spear 4 6–8

Infantry of the 5th classLight Foot Unprotected

AverageUndrilled Sling –

44–6

0–6Poor 2



4–6Poor 2


24

LOST SCROLLS

to the terms offered by the Samnite leader, GaiusPontius, whereby a five-year peace treaty wasagreed on terms favourable to the Samnites, 600 Roman equites were handed over as hostagesand the whole Roman army was forced toundergo the humiliating ritual of “passing underthe yoke”. Although this halted the war for five years, it left the Romans unweakened andthirsting for revenge.

When the war began again, the Samnites wereinitially successful, defeating the Romans atLautulae in 315 BC. In 311 BC the Etruscanscame into the war on the side of the Samnites.Thereafter the tide of the war turned in the

Romans’ favour, and they inflicted a series ofdefeats on their opponents. The Etruscans suedfor peace in 308 and the Samnites in 304 BC.

The Third Samnite War began in 298 BC withthe Samnites allied to the Etruscans, Umbriansand Gauls in a last ditch attempt by all of Rome’sneighbours to halt the expansion of her power.The decisive battle was fought at Sentinum in295 BC between the Romans and the combinedSamnite and Gallic forces, the latter includingchariots. The Etruscan and Umbrian armies werenot present, having been drawn off to facesubsidiary Roman forces. After initial setbacks theRomans were victorious, inflicting heavy losses

Samnite warriors, by Richard Hook. Taken from Men-At-Arms 283: Early Roman Armies.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






25

on their opponents in the pursuit. The Etruscanssoon sued for peace, but the Samnites fought ondoggedly until 290 BC when the Romans grantedthem surprisingly lenient peace terms.

In the Pyrrhic war, the Samnites joinedPyrrhos’ coalition, remaining in arms until 272BC, long after Pyrrhos had returned to Epiros.

TROOP NOTES

Samnite foot were more lightly equipped than theirRoman enemies, and were fond of fighting in hillsand woodland, preferably from ambush. Helmetswere the norm. The commonest shield was the ovalscutum – similar to the Roman type, but somewhatsmaller. A proportion of men wore small metalbreastplates, but most lacked body armour. Theyfought with javelins and sword. Livy (echoed byFrontinus) describes them as particularly strong inthe initial attack, but lacking staying power. Wetherefore classify them as Medium Foot, Protected,Impact Foot, Swordsmen.

The army was organised into legions, possiblylarger than Roman ones. Each legion was divided

into cohorts, possibly 400 strong. There is noevidence that they used multi-line formationslike the Romans.

The elite “Linen Legion” which fought atAquilonia in 293 BC was 16,000 strong. It wasraised from picked men and its members sworean oath never to flee. Similar bodies may havebeen raised in earlier campaigns.

About half of the cavalry in Oscan tombpaintings wear metal armour. Others wear linenor leather armour. Most lack shields, at least inthe earlier part of the period. We give the optionof classifying Samnite cavalry asArmoured or Protected.They fought with javelinsand swords.

TheSamniteswere toopoor to hire mercenaries,but often fought in alliancewith other Italian peoples.

SAMNITE

Samnite Skirmisher

SAMNITE STARTER ARMYCommander-in-Chief 1 Troop CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander


Linen Legion 3 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of Linen Legion: Superior, Protected, DrilledMedium Foot – Impact Foot, Swordsmen

Other foot 3 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of other foot: Average, Protected, DrilledMedium Foot – Impact Foot, Swordsmen

Skirmishers 1 BG8 bases of skirmishers: Average, Protected, Drilled Light Foot –Javelins, Light Spear



26

LOST SCROLLS



• Commanders should be depicted as cavalry,Linen Legion or other foot.

• Gallic, Etruscan and Umbrian allies can beused together from 330, otherwise only oneallied contingent can be used. No allies arepermitted after 281.

SAMNITETerritory Types: Agricultural, Hilly, Woodland





per baseBases


Core Troops

Cavalry

Cavalry Armoured

Superior Undrilled –Light Spear,Swordsmen

16

4–6 4–12Armoured Average 12


Protected Average 9

Linen Legion or equivalentMediumFoot

Protected Superior Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

10 6–8 0–3224–112

Other foot Medium Foot Protected Average Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

8 6–816–112

Optional Troops

Skirmishers Light FootProtected

Average Drilled Javelins Light Spear5

6–8 0–16Unprotected 4

Field fortificationsField

Fortifications3 0–16

Fortified campOnly from280

24 0–1

Allies

Apulian allies – Apulian, Lucanian or Bruttian

Campanian allies

Etruscan allies

Gallic allies – See Field of Glory Companion 1: Rise of Rome

Roman allies (Only in 340) – Early Republican Roman

Umbrian allies

Volsci and/or Hernici allies – Italian Hill Tribes


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






27

CAMPANIAN

SAMNITE ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases


Cavalry

Cavalry Armoured


16



Protected Average 9

Linen Legion or equivalent Medium Foot Protected Superior Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

10 6–8 0–12

8–32

Other foot Medium Foot Protected Average Drilled –Impact Foot,Swordsmen

8 6–8 6–32

Skirmishers Light FootProtected

Average Drilled Javelins Light Spear5

4–6 0–6Unprotected 4

This list covers Campanian armies from the late5th century BC until 211 BC. It is part of the“Seven Hills” theme, and can also be used inthemed tournaments based on Field of GloryCompanion 1: Rise of Rome.

The Campani, an Oscan people, gained controlof the Greek and Etruscan cities of the northernpart of the Campanian plain towards the end ofthe 5th century BC, forming the CampanianLeague. In the south, Neapolis (Naples) remainedGreek, and Oscan Nola remained independent,allied with the Samnites.

In 343 BC, threatened by Samnite incursions, theCampanians invited Romanintervention, resulting in the FirstSamnite War. When a peace wasagreed between the Romans andSamnites, that threatened to carve up Italy between them,the Campanians joinedthe Latins in revolt. Atthe end of the LatinWar in 338 BC, theCampanians were made

Roman citizens, although only the nobles (whohad stayed out of the war) gained voting rights.

In 327 BC, the Samnites established agarrison in Neapolis. The Campanians onceagain sought Roman aid, resulting in the SecondSamnite War (326–304 BC). During this war,Nola remained allied with the Samnites.Thereafter, Campania remained loyal to Romeuntil the Second Punic War.

Following the Roman defeat by theCarthaginians at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC,Capua joined Hannibal against Rome, along withmost of southern Italy. In contrast, Nola offeredHannibal defiance. Capua fell to the Romans in211 BC, after a prolonged siege.

TROOP NOTES

Campanian armies included the usual Oscanjavelinmen and also, influenced by the culture of the formerly Greek and Etruscan cities of

the Campanian plain, hoplites. We assumethat Nolan forces would be similar.

Campanian Hoplite

CAMPANIAN


28

LOST SCROLLS

From 338 BC, the Campanians were Romancitizens, and came to adopt Roman tactics –though possibly not immediately.

The Campanian plain was excellent for horsebreeding, and Campanian cavalry were famouslyeffective. About half of the cavalry in Oscantomb paintings wear metal armour. Others wearlinen or leather armour. Most lack shields, atleast in the earlier part of the period. We givethe option of classifying Campanian cavalry asArmoured or Protected. They fought withjavelins and swords.

CampanianCavalry

CAMPANIAN STARTER ARMY (BEFORE 275 BC)Commander-in-Chief 1 Field CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander


Cavalry 1 BG4 bases of cavalry: Superior, Protected, Undrilled Cavalry – LightSpear, Swordsmen

Hoplites 2 BGsEach comprising 8 bases of hoplites: Average, Protected, Drilled HeavyFoot – Offensive Spearmen

Javelinmen 3 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of Javelinmen: Average, Protected, DrilledMedium Foot – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Skirmishers 2 BGsEach comprising 6 bases of skirmishers: Average, Unprotected, DrilledLight Foot – Javelins, Light Spear




• Commanders should be depicted as cavalry.• The minima marked * only apply before

337.• The minimum marked ** only applies from

275.

• Hoplites cannot be used with hastati, principesor triarii.

• Hastati & Principes: Triarii: Skirmishers qualitymust either be Average: Superior: Average,Average: Average: Average, Poor: Average:Poor or Poor: Poor: Poor.

• Samnite allies cannot be used with Romanor Latin allies. No allies are permitted after281.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






29

CAMPANIAN

CAMPANIANTerritory Types: Agricultural





per baseBases

per BGTotalbasesType Armour Quality Training Shooting Close Combat

Core Troops


Superior Undrilled – Light Spear,Swordsmen

164–6 4–16

Protected 12

Javelinmen

Only before275

Medium Foot Protected

Average Undrilled

– Light Spear,Swordsmen

6

6–8 *12–64Average Drilled 7

Poor Undrilled 4

Poor Drilled 5

Hoplites Heavy Foot Protected

Average Undrilled

– OffensiveSpearmen

7


Poor Undrilled 5

Poor Drilled 6

Hastati & Principes

Only from337


Drilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen

84–8 **16–80

Poor 6

Triarii Heavy Foot Protected

Superior


10

2–41 per 4


Average 8

Poor 6

Optional Troops

Skirmishers Light Foot UnprotectedAverage


6–8 0–24Poor 2

Fortified camp Only from280 24 0–1

Allies

Latin allies (Only from 343 to 338)

Roman allies (Only from 343) – Early Republican Roman

Samnite allies

CAMPANIAN ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases

per BGTotalbasesType Armour Quality Training Shooting Close Combat



164–6 4–6

Protected 12

Javelinmen

Only before275

Medium Foot Protected

Average Undrilled


6


Poor Undrilled 4

Poor Drilled 5

Hoplites Heavy Foot Protected

Average Undrilled

– OffensiveSpearmen

7


Poor Undrilled 5

Poor Drilled 6

Hastati & Principes

Only from337


Drilled – Impact Foot,Swordsmen

84–8 **8–24

Poor 6

Triarii Heavy Foot Protected

Superior


10

2–41 per 4


Average 8

Poor 6



6–8 0–8Poor 2


30

LOST SCROLLS

Samnite and wounded Lucanian heavy infantrymen, and Campanian cavalryman, by Richard Hook. Taken fromMen-At-Arms 121: Armies of the Carthaginian Wars 265–146 BC.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






31

APULIAN, LUCANIAN OR BRUTTIAN

APULIAN, LUCANIAN OR BRUTTIAN

This list covers Apulian and Lucanian armiesfrom the 5th century, and Bruttian armies fromthe 4th century BC, until 203 BC. It is part of the“Seven Hills” theme, and can also be used inthemed tournaments based on Field of GloryCompanion 1: Rise of Rome.

Apulia, in south-east Italy, was occupied bythree tribes of mixed Illyrian and Oscan origin. Inthe heel of Italy were the Messapii, while furthernorth were the Peucetii and Dauni. Generally theMessapii aligned with the Samnites, while theDauni and Peucetii, under threat of Samniteexpansion, aligned with Rome. The Messapii alliedwith Pyrrhos in the Pyrrhic War.

The Lucani, an Oscan people, conqueredLucania (the region just north of the toe of Italy)in the mid-5th century BC. They also conqueredthe toe of Italy, and reduced the formerinhabitants – the Oenotrians – to vassalage. In298 BC they allied with Rome against theSamnites. They allied with Pyrrhos in the PyrrhicWar and some allied with Hannibal in theSecond Punic War.

The Bruttii, in the toe of Italy (modernCalabria) arose as a result of a revolt by theOenotrians against the Lucanians in the mid-4thcentury BC. Their independence was soonrecognised, and within 30 years the two peopleswere allied against their Greek neighbours. In326 BC a combined Lucanian and Bruttian armydefeated and killed King Alexander of Epirus atPandosia. Around 300 BC Bruttium came underattack by Agathokles of Syracuse. After initialsuccesses the Syracusan forces were repelled.

Subsequently the Bruttians allied with Pyrrhosand then Hannibal against Rome.

TROOP NOTES

Apulian, Lucanian and Bruttian armies largelyconsisted of the usual Oscan javelinmen.However, the Apulians tended to carry a large,round hoplite-style shield instead of the ovalscutum, and the Lucanians and Bruttians may alsohave used round shields. More Lucanian foot mayhave had metal body armour than amongst theother Oscans. Battle groups rated as Armouredare those with a high proportion of sucharmoured men.

The Apulians had the highest proportion ofcavalry of any of the Oscan peoples. Many aredepicted unarmoured and shieldless. Others haveshields and/or armour.

ApulianJavelinmen


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Choose an army based on the maxima andminima in the list below. The following special

instructions apply to this army:

• Commanders should be depicted as cavalry.

LUCANIAN STARTER ARMYCommander-in-Chief 1 Troop CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander

Cavalry 2 BGs Each comprising 4 bases of cavalry: Superior, Armoured, UndrilledCavalry – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Armoured javelinmen 3 BGs Each comprising 6 bases of armoured javelinmen: Average, Armoured,Drilled Medium Foot – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Other javelinmen 4 BGs Each comprising 6 bases of other javelinmen: Average, Protected,Drilled Medium Foot – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Skirmishers 2 BGs Each comprising 8 bases of skirmishers: Poor, Unprotected, DrilledLight Foot – Javelins, Light SpearCamp 1 Unfortified campTotal 11 BGs Camp, 8 mounted bases, 58 foot bases, 3 commanders

APULIAN, LUCANIAN OR BRUTTIANTerritory Types: Apulians – Agricultural, Hilly. Lucanians – Agricultural, Hilly, Woodland. Bruttians – Hilly, Woodland.





per baseBases


Core Troops

Cavalry

OnlyApulians

CavalryArmoured


164–6 4–12

8–24Protected 12

Cavalry UnprotectedSuperior


104–6 4–16

Average 8

OnlyLucaniansor Bruttians

Cavalry

Armoured Superior


16

4–6 4–12Armoured Average 12


Protected Average 9

Javelinmen

Any Medium Foot Protected AverageUndrilled


66–8 12–

128 18–128

Drilled 7

OnlyLucanians Medium Foot Armoured Average

Undrilled– Light Spear,

Swordsmen8

6–8 0–24Drilled 9

Optional Troops



6–8 0–24Poor 2

Fortified camp Only from280 24 0–1

Allies

Only Bruttians

Lucanian allies – Apulian, Lucanian or Bruttian

Only Lucanians

Bruttian allies – Apulian, Lucanian or Bruttian

Roman allies (Only from 298 to 290) – Early Republican Roman


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






33

EARLY NOMAD

EARLY NOMAD

This list covers the various nomad and semi-nomadic tribes of the desert and steppe areasbordering Syria, Canaan and Mesopotamia from3100 BC until the widespread adoption of thehorse towards the end of the 4th century BC. Itcan be used in themed tournaments based onField of Glory Companion 9: Swifter than Eagles.

Amongst the most successful of these earlynomads were the Amorites, who moved intoMesopotamia and Syria in the second half of the3rd millennium BC, precipitating a collapse ofthe city state structure, especially inSyria and Canaan. At the start of the2nd millennium BC theAmorites founded anumber of kingdoms,including Assyria, andthese are covered by theAmorite Kingdoms list.

This list also includesthe Hebrews from

their leaving Egypt, the period of wandering inthe desert and arrival in Canaan until King Davidascended the throne c.1000 BC. After theirsettlement in Canaan the Hebrews often foundthemselves at a disadvantage in open warfareagainst enemies who used chariots and were thusoften forced to use hilly country as a counter.

The Early Nomad allies list in this book canbe used instead of the Early Nomad and Proto-Arab allies lists in Swifter than Eagles.

TROOP NOTES

Large army-sized groups of nomads would havebeen formed from alliances of a number oftribes, although individual tribes could on

occasion field large numbers.From about the start of the first

millennium BC, early proto-Arab tribessuch as the Midianites and Amalekites

APULIAN, LUCANIAN OR BRUTTIAN ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases


Cavalry

OnlyApulians

CavalryArmoured


164 4

Protected 12

Cavalry UnprotectedSuperior


104 0–4

Average 8

OnlyLucaniansor Bruttians

Cavalry

Armoured Superior


16



Protected Average 9

Javelinmen

Any Medium Foot Protected AverageUndrilled

–Light Spear,Swordsmen

66–8 6–24

6–24Drilled 7

OnlyLucanians

Medium Foot Armoured AverageUndrilled

–Light Spear,Swordsmen

86–8 0–8

Drilled 9



6–8 0–8Poor 2

Midianite Camel-mounted Warriors


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started to use camels in warfare. Some Assyriandepictions show two riders, but this does not affect their classification or capabilities.Other Assyrian depictions show infantry

fighting from behind tethered camels in asimilar manner to the later Moors and so thesetethered camels are treated in the same way asthey are in that list.

EARLY NOMAD STARTER ARMY (AFTER 1000 BC)Commander-in-Chief 1 Field CommanderSub-commanders 2 2 x Troop Commander

Camel-mounted warriors 6 BGsEach comprising 4 bases of camel-mounted warriors: Average,Unprotected, Undrilled Camelry – Bow

Warriors 3 BGsEach comprising 8 bases of warriors: Average, Protected, UndrilledMedium Foot – Light Spear, Swordsmen

Skirmishers 1 BG6 bases of skirmishers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot –Javelins, Light Spear

Skirmishers 1 BG8 bases of skirmishers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot –Bow

Skirmishers 1 BG8 bases of skirmishers: Average, Unprotected, Undrilled Light Foot –Sling




• Commanders should be depicted aswarriors or, after 1800, in a 2-horse chariot,or, after 1000, as a camel-mounted warrior.

• An Early Nomad allied commander’scontingent must conform to the Early

Nomad Allies list below, but the troops in the contingent are deducted from theminima and maxima in the main list.

• Only one city allied contingent can be used.• Syrian subject city allies from the Amorite

Kingdoms list cannot use chariots.• Tethered camels are treated as Field

Fortifications but disorder cavalry as ifcamelry, and cost extra points as percamelry.

• Hebrews cannot use camels.


INTRODUCTION


ETRUSCAN LEAGUE

UMBRIAN ALLIES

ITALIAN HILL TRIBES

LATIN

SAMNITE

CAMPANIAN


EARLY NOMAD


EARLY ELAMITE

AMORITE KINGDOMS

VIETNAMESE

PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN


AXUMITE


TUAREG






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EARLY NOMAD

EARLY NOMADTerritory Types: Any but Hebrews in Canaan – Steppe, Desert. Hebrews in Canaan – Agricultural, Hilly


Sub-commanders Field Commander/Troop Commander 50/35 0–2

Early Nomad allied commanders Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 0–3


per baseBases


Core Troops

Warriors

Only before2500

Medium Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled – Light Spear 4 6–10 48–220

Only from2500



6–8

24–150Unprotected 4

Medium Foot Protected Average Undrilled –Light Spear,Swordsmen

6 6–8

Skirmishers

Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Javelins Light Spear 4 6–8 6–24

8–32Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Sling – 4 6–8 0–12

Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Bow – 5 6–8 0–12

Camel-mountedwarriors

Only from1000

Camelry Unprotected Average Undrilled Bow – 10 4–6 6–36

Optional Troops

Poor qualitywarriors

Any date Medium Foot Unprotected Poor Undrilled – Light Spear 2 8–12

0–36Only from2500

Medium Foot Protected Poor Undrilled – Light Spear 3 8–12

Archers Medium Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Bow – 5 6–8 0–12

Tethered camelsOnly from1000

FieldFortifications

5 0–12

Allies

Subject Syrian city allies (Only from 2200 to 2001) – Later Sumerian or Akkadian – see Field of Glory Companion 9: Swifter than Eagles

Subject Syrian city allies (Only from 2000 to 1600) – Amorite Kingdoms

Subject Mesopotamian city allies (Only from 2000 to 1800) – Later Sumerian or Akkadian – see Field of Glory Companion 9: Swifter than Eagles

EARLY NOMAD ALLIESAllied commander Field Commander/Troop Commander 40/25 1


per baseBases


Warriors

Only before2500

Medium Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled – Light Spear 4 6–10 16–48

Only from2500



6–8

8–32Unprotected 4

Medium Foot Protected Average Undrilled –Light Spear,Swordsmen

6 6–8

Skirmishers


0–8Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Sling – 4 4–6

Light Foot Unprotected Average Undrilled Bow – 5 4–6

Camel-mountedwarriors

Only from1000

Camelry Unprotected Average Undrilled Bow – 10 4–6 4–12


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EARLY HIGHLAND RAIDERS

This list covers the various highland peoples ofthe Zagros, Taurus and Anatolian uplands fromc.3000 BC until c.1000 BC. It can be used inthemed tournaments based on Field of GloryCompanion 9: Swifter than Eagles. It includes theearly/middle Bronze Age peoples of the Zagrosmountains such as the Guti, Lullubi and earlyKassites. It also includes the pre-MitanniHurrians of north-east Mesopotamia and theGasgans (Kaska) of northern Anatolia. All appearin the records of their more settled neighbours asfierce and unpredictable raiders of civilised lands,although ma

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