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Report 781999 A Qualitative Integration of Geophysical Methods Environmental Remediation at Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Micharl Martin SAGE 1999 Santa Fe NM July 81999

NA NA NA

1 0942

(

A Qualitative Integration of Geophysical Methods

Environmental Remediation At Los Alamos National Laboratory

Technical Area 21

Michael Martin University of California at Riverside

Prepared for SAGE 1999 Santa Fe New Mexico

July 81999

Introduction

Technical Area 21 (TA-21) is an area at Los Alamos National Laboratory

(LANL) that has been used since 1949 for the production and disposal of

radioactive materials One area in particular Materials Disposal Area (MDA) A

is the site for this study (Figure 1)

This study aims to take four separate objectives and use geophysical tests

to qualitatively integrate and interpret the results The objectives are to find two

buried underground tanks to locate a central disposal site to identify two

disposal pits and to find a buried paleo-channel outside the MDA-A

Four geophysical methods were used in the study Five seismic refraction

lines were established just outside and to the north of the MDA-A site

Magnetometer readings were taken both outside to the north of MDA-A and

inside the fenced area Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used inside the

fenced area at MDA-A An Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc was

used for resistivity readings inside the fenced area

Background

MDA-A is located on DP Mesa on the flanks of the Jemez Volcanic

caldera This area is comprised of Bandelier Tuff a volcanic rock deposited 12

to 15 million years ago during a caldera collapse After the eruption the material

was eroded by streams washing down off of the flanks of the volcano As

headward erosion carved many canyons into the plateau many of those streams

were buried

Many studies have concentrated on this site Broxton and Eller (1995)

show an area of DP Mesa to be a sediment deposition site downgradient

of MDA-A This area is marked by a small arroyo that seemingly ends at the

study area Ferguson (1999) has speculated that this arroyo continues

upgradient as a paleo-channel

The fenced area at MDA-A contains a large disposal pit two long disposal

trenches and two large underground tanks (Generals Tanks) These disposal

areas may still contain large amounts of radioactive material particularly

plutonium 239240 (LANL 1991)

Discussion of Methods Used

The Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc is an electrical

resistivity mapping system A transmitter and receiver is capacitively coupled

and dragged over the ground (Figure 2) The distance between the transmitter

and receiver can be adjusted to make readings at varying depths

The resistivity lines were oriented east-west longitudinal to the MDA-A site

(Figure 3) These lines were designed to be perpendicular to the magnetometer

and GPR lines This would give more contour to the subsurface resistivity

readings

Two very good lines of data were taken Two other lines were taken but

were noisy and not very useful Another line did not receive any data At this

point the Ohmmappertrade was rendered unusable and the data discounted

Another instrument the GEM-2 by Geophex Ltd was used in a separate

study of the MDA-A site The GEM-2 is an electro-magnetic sensor that operates

at multiple frequencies This allows a pseudo 3-D distribution image to be

constructed and enhances the ability to detect targets The image in this study

was produced by the GEM-2 at a frequency of 9210Hz

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) lines were oriented in a north-south

direction perpendicular to the resistivity lines These GPR lines were also

perpendicular to the Generals Tanks on the western end of MDA-A There were

8 lines used in this study (Figure 3)

A Cesium Vapor Magnetometer was used for the magnetic contouring

Magnetic lines were run inside the MDA-A site and outside the site to the north

across the road (Figure 3) Because of the amount of magnetic data collected

profiles are available oriented either north-south or east-west

A Bison 9000 48-channel seismograph was used for the seismic refraction

lines Figure 3 shows the location of each seismic line and their proximity to

MDA-A

The Generals Tanks

Figure 4 shows the location of the Generals Tanks inside MDA-A GPR

Line 21 (Figure 3) shows a large reflector parallel to the tanks A magnetic

profile also taken along that same line (Figure 5) shows a large anomaly along

the western edge suggesting the presence of the tanks Ohm mapper Line 1

(Figure 3) shows an area of low resistivity values along the western edge also

suggesting the presence of the tanks This was rather hard to correlate because

of the lack of field notes stating the horizontal distance of each line

Central Disposal Site

Figure 4 shows the location of the Central Disposal Site inside MDA-A

GPR Line 44 (Figure 3) shows some small reflectors across the middle of the

MDA-A site correlating to the Central Disposal Site A magnetic profile across

the same area (Figure 6) shows a small anomaly in the same area The

Ohm mapper lines also show lower than average resistivity values in the central

area of the site

Eastern Disposal Pits

The Ohm mapper shows low resistivity values in the eastern part of the site

(Figure 7) suggesting the presence of the pits The magnetic profiles (Figure 8)

also show high anomalies across those pits GPR line 89 shows reflectors

across those pits (Figure 9) The GEM-2 plan view resistivity contour map shows

the pits very clearly (Figure 10)

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

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28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

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68 T

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(

A Qualitative Integration of Geophysical Methods

Environmental Remediation At Los Alamos National Laboratory

Technical Area 21

Michael Martin University of California at Riverside

Prepared for SAGE 1999 Santa Fe New Mexico

July 81999

Introduction

Technical Area 21 (TA-21) is an area at Los Alamos National Laboratory

(LANL) that has been used since 1949 for the production and disposal of

radioactive materials One area in particular Materials Disposal Area (MDA) A

is the site for this study (Figure 1)

This study aims to take four separate objectives and use geophysical tests

to qualitatively integrate and interpret the results The objectives are to find two

buried underground tanks to locate a central disposal site to identify two

disposal pits and to find a buried paleo-channel outside the MDA-A

Four geophysical methods were used in the study Five seismic refraction

lines were established just outside and to the north of the MDA-A site

Magnetometer readings were taken both outside to the north of MDA-A and

inside the fenced area Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used inside the

fenced area at MDA-A An Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc was

used for resistivity readings inside the fenced area

Background

MDA-A is located on DP Mesa on the flanks of the Jemez Volcanic

caldera This area is comprised of Bandelier Tuff a volcanic rock deposited 12

to 15 million years ago during a caldera collapse After the eruption the material

was eroded by streams washing down off of the flanks of the volcano As

headward erosion carved many canyons into the plateau many of those streams

were buried

Many studies have concentrated on this site Broxton and Eller (1995)

show an area of DP Mesa to be a sediment deposition site downgradient

of MDA-A This area is marked by a small arroyo that seemingly ends at the

study area Ferguson (1999) has speculated that this arroyo continues

upgradient as a paleo-channel

The fenced area at MDA-A contains a large disposal pit two long disposal

trenches and two large underground tanks (Generals Tanks) These disposal

areas may still contain large amounts of radioactive material particularly

plutonium 239240 (LANL 1991)

Discussion of Methods Used

The Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc is an electrical

resistivity mapping system A transmitter and receiver is capacitively coupled

and dragged over the ground (Figure 2) The distance between the transmitter

and receiver can be adjusted to make readings at varying depths

The resistivity lines were oriented east-west longitudinal to the MDA-A site

(Figure 3) These lines were designed to be perpendicular to the magnetometer

and GPR lines This would give more contour to the subsurface resistivity

readings

Two very good lines of data were taken Two other lines were taken but

were noisy and not very useful Another line did not receive any data At this

point the Ohmmappertrade was rendered unusable and the data discounted

Another instrument the GEM-2 by Geophex Ltd was used in a separate

study of the MDA-A site The GEM-2 is an electro-magnetic sensor that operates

at multiple frequencies This allows a pseudo 3-D distribution image to be

constructed and enhances the ability to detect targets The image in this study

was produced by the GEM-2 at a frequency of 9210Hz

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) lines were oriented in a north-south

direction perpendicular to the resistivity lines These GPR lines were also

perpendicular to the Generals Tanks on the western end of MDA-A There were

8 lines used in this study (Figure 3)

A Cesium Vapor Magnetometer was used for the magnetic contouring

Magnetic lines were run inside the MDA-A site and outside the site to the north

across the road (Figure 3) Because of the amount of magnetic data collected

profiles are available oriented either north-south or east-west

A Bison 9000 48-channel seismograph was used for the seismic refraction

lines Figure 3 shows the location of each seismic line and their proximity to

MDA-A

The Generals Tanks

Figure 4 shows the location of the Generals Tanks inside MDA-A GPR

Line 21 (Figure 3) shows a large reflector parallel to the tanks A magnetic

profile also taken along that same line (Figure 5) shows a large anomaly along

the western edge suggesting the presence of the tanks Ohm mapper Line 1

(Figure 3) shows an area of low resistivity values along the western edge also

suggesting the presence of the tanks This was rather hard to correlate because

of the lack of field notes stating the horizontal distance of each line

Central Disposal Site

Figure 4 shows the location of the Central Disposal Site inside MDA-A

GPR Line 44 (Figure 3) shows some small reflectors across the middle of the

MDA-A site correlating to the Central Disposal Site A magnetic profile across

the same area (Figure 6) shows a small anomaly in the same area The

Ohm mapper lines also show lower than average resistivity values in the central

area of the site

Eastern Disposal Pits

The Ohm mapper shows low resistivity values in the eastern part of the site

(Figure 7) suggesting the presence of the pits The magnetic profiles (Figure 8)

also show high anomalies across those pits GPR line 89 shows reflectors

across those pits (Figure 9) The GEM-2 plan view resistivity contour map shows

the pits very clearly (Figure 10)

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

Introduction

Technical Area 21 (TA-21) is an area at Los Alamos National Laboratory

(LANL) that has been used since 1949 for the production and disposal of

radioactive materials One area in particular Materials Disposal Area (MDA) A

is the site for this study (Figure 1)

This study aims to take four separate objectives and use geophysical tests

to qualitatively integrate and interpret the results The objectives are to find two

buried underground tanks to locate a central disposal site to identify two

disposal pits and to find a buried paleo-channel outside the MDA-A

Four geophysical methods were used in the study Five seismic refraction

lines were established just outside and to the north of the MDA-A site

Magnetometer readings were taken both outside to the north of MDA-A and

inside the fenced area Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used inside the

fenced area at MDA-A An Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc was

used for resistivity readings inside the fenced area

Background

MDA-A is located on DP Mesa on the flanks of the Jemez Volcanic

caldera This area is comprised of Bandelier Tuff a volcanic rock deposited 12

to 15 million years ago during a caldera collapse After the eruption the material

was eroded by streams washing down off of the flanks of the volcano As

headward erosion carved many canyons into the plateau many of those streams

were buried

Many studies have concentrated on this site Broxton and Eller (1995)

show an area of DP Mesa to be a sediment deposition site downgradient

of MDA-A This area is marked by a small arroyo that seemingly ends at the

study area Ferguson (1999) has speculated that this arroyo continues

upgradient as a paleo-channel

The fenced area at MDA-A contains a large disposal pit two long disposal

trenches and two large underground tanks (Generals Tanks) These disposal

areas may still contain large amounts of radioactive material particularly

plutonium 239240 (LANL 1991)

Discussion of Methods Used

The Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc is an electrical

resistivity mapping system A transmitter and receiver is capacitively coupled

and dragged over the ground (Figure 2) The distance between the transmitter

and receiver can be adjusted to make readings at varying depths

The resistivity lines were oriented east-west longitudinal to the MDA-A site

(Figure 3) These lines were designed to be perpendicular to the magnetometer

and GPR lines This would give more contour to the subsurface resistivity

readings

Two very good lines of data were taken Two other lines were taken but

were noisy and not very useful Another line did not receive any data At this

point the Ohmmappertrade was rendered unusable and the data discounted

Another instrument the GEM-2 by Geophex Ltd was used in a separate

study of the MDA-A site The GEM-2 is an electro-magnetic sensor that operates

at multiple frequencies This allows a pseudo 3-D distribution image to be

constructed and enhances the ability to detect targets The image in this study

was produced by the GEM-2 at a frequency of 9210Hz

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) lines were oriented in a north-south

direction perpendicular to the resistivity lines These GPR lines were also

perpendicular to the Generals Tanks on the western end of MDA-A There were

8 lines used in this study (Figure 3)

A Cesium Vapor Magnetometer was used for the magnetic contouring

Magnetic lines were run inside the MDA-A site and outside the site to the north

across the road (Figure 3) Because of the amount of magnetic data collected

profiles are available oriented either north-south or east-west

A Bison 9000 48-channel seismograph was used for the seismic refraction

lines Figure 3 shows the location of each seismic line and their proximity to

MDA-A

The Generals Tanks

Figure 4 shows the location of the Generals Tanks inside MDA-A GPR

Line 21 (Figure 3) shows a large reflector parallel to the tanks A magnetic

profile also taken along that same line (Figure 5) shows a large anomaly along

the western edge suggesting the presence of the tanks Ohm mapper Line 1

(Figure 3) shows an area of low resistivity values along the western edge also

suggesting the presence of the tanks This was rather hard to correlate because

of the lack of field notes stating the horizontal distance of each line

Central Disposal Site

Figure 4 shows the location of the Central Disposal Site inside MDA-A

GPR Line 44 (Figure 3) shows some small reflectors across the middle of the

MDA-A site correlating to the Central Disposal Site A magnetic profile across

the same area (Figure 6) shows a small anomaly in the same area The

Ohm mapper lines also show lower than average resistivity values in the central

area of the site

Eastern Disposal Pits

The Ohm mapper shows low resistivity values in the eastern part of the site

(Figure 7) suggesting the presence of the pits The magnetic profiles (Figure 8)

also show high anomalies across those pits GPR line 89 shows reflectors

across those pits (Figure 9) The GEM-2 plan view resistivity contour map shows

the pits very clearly (Figure 10)

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

headward erosion carved many canyons into the plateau many of those streams

were buried

Many studies have concentrated on this site Broxton and Eller (1995)

show an area of DP Mesa to be a sediment deposition site downgradient

of MDA-A This area is marked by a small arroyo that seemingly ends at the

study area Ferguson (1999) has speculated that this arroyo continues

upgradient as a paleo-channel

The fenced area at MDA-A contains a large disposal pit two long disposal

trenches and two large underground tanks (Generals Tanks) These disposal

areas may still contain large amounts of radioactive material particularly

plutonium 239240 (LANL 1991)

Discussion of Methods Used

The Ohmmappertrade developed by Geometries Inc is an electrical

resistivity mapping system A transmitter and receiver is capacitively coupled

and dragged over the ground (Figure 2) The distance between the transmitter

and receiver can be adjusted to make readings at varying depths

The resistivity lines were oriented east-west longitudinal to the MDA-A site

(Figure 3) These lines were designed to be perpendicular to the magnetometer

and GPR lines This would give more contour to the subsurface resistivity

readings

Two very good lines of data were taken Two other lines were taken but

were noisy and not very useful Another line did not receive any data At this

point the Ohmmappertrade was rendered unusable and the data discounted

Another instrument the GEM-2 by Geophex Ltd was used in a separate

study of the MDA-A site The GEM-2 is an electro-magnetic sensor that operates

at multiple frequencies This allows a pseudo 3-D distribution image to be

constructed and enhances the ability to detect targets The image in this study

was produced by the GEM-2 at a frequency of 9210Hz

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) lines were oriented in a north-south

direction perpendicular to the resistivity lines These GPR lines were also

perpendicular to the Generals Tanks on the western end of MDA-A There were

8 lines used in this study (Figure 3)

A Cesium Vapor Magnetometer was used for the magnetic contouring

Magnetic lines were run inside the MDA-A site and outside the site to the north

across the road (Figure 3) Because of the amount of magnetic data collected

profiles are available oriented either north-south or east-west

A Bison 9000 48-channel seismograph was used for the seismic refraction

lines Figure 3 shows the location of each seismic line and their proximity to

MDA-A

The Generals Tanks

Figure 4 shows the location of the Generals Tanks inside MDA-A GPR

Line 21 (Figure 3) shows a large reflector parallel to the tanks A magnetic

profile also taken along that same line (Figure 5) shows a large anomaly along

the western edge suggesting the presence of the tanks Ohm mapper Line 1

(Figure 3) shows an area of low resistivity values along the western edge also

suggesting the presence of the tanks This was rather hard to correlate because

of the lack of field notes stating the horizontal distance of each line

Central Disposal Site

Figure 4 shows the location of the Central Disposal Site inside MDA-A

GPR Line 44 (Figure 3) shows some small reflectors across the middle of the

MDA-A site correlating to the Central Disposal Site A magnetic profile across

the same area (Figure 6) shows a small anomaly in the same area The

Ohm mapper lines also show lower than average resistivity values in the central

area of the site

Eastern Disposal Pits

The Ohm mapper shows low resistivity values in the eastern part of the site

(Figure 7) suggesting the presence of the pits The magnetic profiles (Figure 8)

also show high anomalies across those pits GPR line 89 shows reflectors

across those pits (Figure 9) The GEM-2 plan view resistivity contour map shows

the pits very clearly (Figure 10)

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

Two very good lines of data were taken Two other lines were taken but

were noisy and not very useful Another line did not receive any data At this

point the Ohmmappertrade was rendered unusable and the data discounted

Another instrument the GEM-2 by Geophex Ltd was used in a separate

study of the MDA-A site The GEM-2 is an electro-magnetic sensor that operates

at multiple frequencies This allows a pseudo 3-D distribution image to be

constructed and enhances the ability to detect targets The image in this study

was produced by the GEM-2 at a frequency of 9210Hz

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) lines were oriented in a north-south

direction perpendicular to the resistivity lines These GPR lines were also

perpendicular to the Generals Tanks on the western end of MDA-A There were

8 lines used in this study (Figure 3)

A Cesium Vapor Magnetometer was used for the magnetic contouring

Magnetic lines were run inside the MDA-A site and outside the site to the north

across the road (Figure 3) Because of the amount of magnetic data collected

profiles are available oriented either north-south or east-west

A Bison 9000 48-channel seismograph was used for the seismic refraction

lines Figure 3 shows the location of each seismic line and their proximity to

MDA-A

The Generals Tanks

Figure 4 shows the location of the Generals Tanks inside MDA-A GPR

Line 21 (Figure 3) shows a large reflector parallel to the tanks A magnetic

profile also taken along that same line (Figure 5) shows a large anomaly along

the western edge suggesting the presence of the tanks Ohm mapper Line 1

(Figure 3) shows an area of low resistivity values along the western edge also

suggesting the presence of the tanks This was rather hard to correlate because

of the lack of field notes stating the horizontal distance of each line

Central Disposal Site

Figure 4 shows the location of the Central Disposal Site inside MDA-A

GPR Line 44 (Figure 3) shows some small reflectors across the middle of the

MDA-A site correlating to the Central Disposal Site A magnetic profile across

the same area (Figure 6) shows a small anomaly in the same area The

Ohm mapper lines also show lower than average resistivity values in the central

area of the site

Eastern Disposal Pits

The Ohm mapper shows low resistivity values in the eastern part of the site

(Figure 7) suggesting the presence of the pits The magnetic profiles (Figure 8)

also show high anomalies across those pits GPR line 89 shows reflectors

across those pits (Figure 9) The GEM-2 plan view resistivity contour map shows

the pits very clearly (Figure 10)

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

profile also taken along that same line (Figure 5) shows a large anomaly along

the western edge suggesting the presence of the tanks Ohm mapper Line 1

(Figure 3) shows an area of low resistivity values along the western edge also

suggesting the presence of the tanks This was rather hard to correlate because

of the lack of field notes stating the horizontal distance of each line

Central Disposal Site

Figure 4 shows the location of the Central Disposal Site inside MDA-A

GPR Line 44 (Figure 3) shows some small reflectors across the middle of the

MDA-A site correlating to the Central Disposal Site A magnetic profile across

the same area (Figure 6) shows a small anomaly in the same area The

Ohm mapper lines also show lower than average resistivity values in the central

area of the site

Eastern Disposal Pits

The Ohm mapper shows low resistivity values in the eastern part of the site

(Figure 7) suggesting the presence of the pits The magnetic profiles (Figure 8)

also show high anomalies across those pits GPR line 89 shows reflectors

across those pits (Figure 9) The GEM-2 plan view resistivity contour map shows

the pits very clearly (Figure 10)

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

l

Paleo-channel

All three seismic models show the pres~nce of a buried palecrchannel

Seismic line 8 (Figure 11) shows how the paleo-channel model matches the

magnetic data The presence of a large magnetic anomaly corresponds to the

location of the channel This paleo-channel also correlates to a small surface

arroyo to the east of the study area (Broxton and Eller 1995 plate 4) The

paleo-channel extends westward under the road (Quesada 1999)

Conclusions

All four electro-magnetic methods allowed for imaging the tanks and pits

inside MDA-A The GPR and magnetic data show strong data suggesting the

presence of the Generals Tanks The Eastern Disposal Pits are clearly shown

using magnetic and GEM-2 data

The buried paleo-channel outside MDA-A is clearly shown using refractive

seismology and magnetics It is not known how far to the west into TA-21 the

paleo-channel extends Perhaps more refractive seismic lines in the future will

show this extent

Recommendations

It is recommended that Seismic Lines 6 and 7 be modeled to determine

the extent of the paleo-channel It is also recommended that magnetic data be

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

collected in other areas of TA-21 and MDA-A to find any other traces of the

paleo-channel anomaly A small incised channel to the northwest of MDA-A

should be studied for a possible paleo-channel

Acknowledgments

The author would like to extend his thanks to the entire SAGE staff for

their help suggestions and support Thanks also go to Mike Quesada Kaj

Johnson and Greg Young whose help on this project goes beyond words The

author also would like to thank the people at Los Alamos National Laboratory for

their permission to work at TA-21 Finally the author would like to extend a

special thanks to Dr George Jiracek for daring me to dance

References

Los Alamos National Laboratory 1991 T A-21 Operable Unit RFI Work Plan for Environmental Remediation

Broxton D E and Eller P G eds 1995 Earth Science Investigations for Environmental Restorations - Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Area 21 Los Alamos National Laboratory Publication UC-903

Ferguson J 1999 personal communication

Geophex Ltd 1996 Geophysical Investigation of Material Disposal Areas A and T Los Alamos New Mexico Geophex Job No 636

Quesada M 1999 personal communication

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

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T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

l

Table of Figures

Figure 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory Study Area including TA-21 and MDA-A

Figure 2 The OhmmapperTM

Figure 3 The MDA-A Study Site The magnetic areas the GPR lines and the Ohm mapper lines are all shown

Figure 4 MDA-A Study Site showing the approximate location of the Generals Tanks the Central Disposal Area and the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 5 Comparative models of the magnetic profile GPR Line 21 and Ohmmapper Line O Horizontal axis scaled equally for all models Note that the Ohm mapper line is reversed to match the other lines

Figure 6 Same as above showing GPR Line 44 Ohm mapper line is normal

Figure 7 Ohm mapper values along lines 0 and 1

Figure 8 Magnetic profiles along Ohmmapper lines 0 and 1

Figure 9 Same as figures 5 and 6 but with GPR Line 89 with magnetic profile of GPR89

Figure 10 Data from the GEM-2 showing clearly the presence of the Eastern Disposal Pits

Figure 11 Seismic model and magnetic profile along Seismic Line 8

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

~ r-middotI

J

~

T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

Figure 1

t IiI80 SolI Sample Locationbull -- fencine

o 1CO 200 I

fig 1 GenenII bas map d UDAl showing IocaIIcn d1880 ICliI ampIes

Figure 2

The OhmmapperTM

Dipole cabl Dipole

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

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J

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T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700 I

(

600

o ~ ~ 500 orshyI MDA-TCl ~ 400

1 c o Z

300

N

200

I

1I M 100 l2 s

C)

i

Line 5

GPR Lines ~

middot-middot middot--middotMmiddot-hftmiddot-A_

U M ~ ~

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Easting ~ 1632500

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

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middot---l Figure 6

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T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

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i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

if

SAGE 1999 Refraction Lines

800

700

600

Line 5 Magneometer Survey Grid0

~ 500 ~ f-

f- -rshy

I

MDA-TC) shy5400 r 1 0 Z

300 f-

N

- ti C ntral Olsposal Site i f-1f ~ ~1

I lt bull I 200 f- East~ its

I ocent 100 f J 0)

u 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Easting - 1632500

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

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T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

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i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

Figure 5

In 1S74 em em 2 12 22 32

T II B 0 8~8

28 1amp II A 10 y

2amp 0

3amp E69T p R A BB amp TH U E 188 Samp)t l

68 T

_ bullUr---------------------------ii_114~

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

I I

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J

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T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

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i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

I

6OOO1L-__---____---__---___---shy

B05 80 815 Il12O 82S 830

2 12 22 32 42

10 196middot

l l~ )01) bullbull )00

0

middotZO o

30 E p

T18 H

50 11

68

18

10 241 ~OO

6000[shy

4000

12ooo~

o

middot2000

~ooot I

middot---l Figure 6

I I I

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T U 0

U 11 Y

T R 11 88 I)

E lOO l

120 T 1 14R

t__~~

~

I

i I bull I I

I I i I I~ I l

---------------__shy - -

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

Plottint Of 41- t~ Line 0 ark -0 to 11 0 rk 1

Figure 7

Ew

to24~~IL1----------------------------------------------------------------------102641 000

Plottl of 141e fro LhM 1 rk S to 11 1 Mrk -1 15bullbull12

(

E

HI 40 t~middot~~---------------------------------- tonntoo

Figure 8

Magnetic Profiles of Ohmmappertrade Lines

Line 0 1l1000

14000

12000

10000

eooo

CIIOOO

4000

2000

0

20()0

-4000 700 1150 7SO lOCI

12000

10000

eooo

2000

o

IISO 100 8SO 1000 1DSO 1100

Line 1

~ 700 750 IlOO IISO 100 8SO 1000 1DSO 1100

----- shy--~

Figure 9 0

(

I~I I

( l~l

I I

lOOOj I ~

~

I

~

100CI

laquo100 940 lin 950

l lZ 22 3Z 12

I J n

00 u bull 111 n

SOt I

I R n I [

l

tl 0 0 Et 30 p

60

~

ti V ~

Figure 10

(lA 0 f1-~er1

80000 19500 17500 15500 13500

11500 9500 7500 5500 3500 1500 -500 -2500 -4500 -6500 -8500 -10500 -12500 -14500 -16500 -18500 -100000

Plot of mdaagem1-15210 Hz In-phase

DP Site Une 8 60

Figure 11 II) 40E

lt -CD ~ E1= 20

0 150

Range (ft)

0

20 c-~40 CD

deg60

80

250 1

(

200~ I

I

150L

100

50

0

I

-50~ I Ii

-100 L 805

40 1100 o 41 3200+ 42

~ 43 Velocity (Ills) o 44

I I

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810

815

820 ~--

825 _1 ____

830 835 840 845 -- 850

----- shy--~

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(

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~

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~

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l lZ 22 3Z 12

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Figure 10

(lA 0 f1-~er1

80000 19500 17500 15500 13500

11500 9500 7500 5500 3500 1500 -500 -2500 -4500 -6500 -8500 -10500 -12500 -14500 -16500 -18500 -100000

Plot of mdaagem1-15210 Hz In-phase

DP Site Une 8 60

Figure 11 II) 40E

lt -CD ~ E1= 20

0 150

Range (ft)

0

20 c-~40 CD

deg60

80

250 1

(

200~ I

I

150L

100

50

0

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-100 L 805

40 1100 o 41 3200+ 42

~ 43 Velocity (Ills) o 44

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820 ~--

825 _1 ____

830 835 840 845 -- 850

Figure 10

(lA 0 f1-~er1

80000 19500 17500 15500 13500

11500 9500 7500 5500 3500 1500 -500 -2500 -4500 -6500 -8500 -10500 -12500 -14500 -16500 -18500 -100000

Plot of mdaagem1-15210 Hz In-phase

DP Site Une 8 60

Figure 11 II) 40E

lt -CD ~ E1= 20

0 150

Range (ft)

0

20 c-~40 CD

deg60

80

250 1

(

200~ I

I

150L

100

50

0

I

-50~ I Ii

-100 L 805

40 1100 o 41 3200+ 42

~ 43 Velocity (Ills) o 44

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815

820 ~--

825 _1 ____

830 835 840 845 -- 850

DP Site Une 8 60

Figure 11 II) 40E

lt -CD ~ E1= 20

0 150

Range (ft)

0

20 c-~40 CD

deg60

80

250 1

(

200~ I

I

150L

100

50

0

I

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-100 L 805

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~ 43 Velocity (Ills) o 44

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825 _1 ____

830 835 840 845 -- 850