Loricifera
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PHYLUM LORICIFERA
Christen Jene CorilloLora Mae Garcia
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Undescribed species of Spinoloricus
(Loricifera; stained with Rose Bengal).
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PHYLUM LORICIFERA
“loricus”- corset, girdle
“ferro” – carry, bear
“girdle bearers” about 100 species discovered microscopic (>0.5 mm) marine
- from shallow to deep water
- between particles of sediment multicellular
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Characteristics:
• Bilateral, unsegmented, and probably pseudocoelomate
• Body divided into a head, neck, and thorax, all retractable into an abdomen
• Abdomen housed in cuticular lorica• Mouth is located at the end of oral cone
beset with stylets• Gut complete
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• No circulatory or respiratory organs• Nervous system present• One pair of protonephridia• Gonochoristic; development includes
unique Higgins-larva• All inhabit marine, interstitial
environments, first found in clean shell-gravel sediments
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Defining Characteristic
• spinelike, chitinous scales (scalids) on the introvert are operated by individual muscles
• set of spiny plates called a lorica around their abdomens
• spiny head• head, neck, and thorax retract, like a
telescope, into the lorica
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ANAT
OM
Y
EXTE
RNAL
INTE
RNAL
Three body regions:
1. head
- mouth, oral stylet
- rings of scalids
2. neck
3. trunk
- lorica/corselet
Larvae
- caudal feet
Brain Ganglion Stomach Esophagus
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Ventral view of adult female loriciferan (Nanaloricus mysticus)
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Nanaloricidae
Pliciloricidae
Nanaloricus
PliciloricusRugiloricus
ArmorloricusPheniciloricusSpinoloricus (2007)Australoricus (2009)
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Nanaloricus mysticus
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Higgins larva
mouth cone
scalids
neck
lorica
sensory hairs swimming
appendage
anus
Nanaloricus mysticus
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Adult
scalids
mouth
styletsintrovert
neck
anus
lorica
Nanaloricus mysticus
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LOCOMOTION
ADULT crawl using their scales and mouth cone
LARVAE use spines and bristles to crawl swim using toes
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FOOD CAPTURE and DIGESTIONectoparasites or predators (?)
stylets for piercing and sucking up body fluids of plants and animals
through gut
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
well developed brain
nerves
ganglion
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REPRODUCTION and DEVELOPMENT separate sexes some are parthenogenetic internal fertilization oviparousshedding and resting stages Higgins larva
- specialized immature form
- pair of oarlike scales called toe for locomotion neoteny
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The life history of Rugiloricus. The egg (A); the developing embryo in the egg (B); First instar larva (C); Last instar larva with mature ovary which develops by parthenogenesis and neoteny (D); Cyst larval form with developing larvae inside (E); A neotenous larva (F); Post larva (G); Adult female with ovaries (H1); Adult male with testes (H2).
Life Cycle of Loriciferans
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Thank You for listening…
God bless