Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984? Alan Blackwell Reader in Interdisciplinary...

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Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984? Alan Blackwell Reader in Interdisciplinary Design University of Cambridge

Transcript of Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984? Alan Blackwell Reader in Interdisciplinary...

Page 1: Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984? Alan Blackwell Reader in Interdisciplinary Design University of Cambridge.

Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984?

Alan BlackwellReader in Interdisciplinary DesignUniversity of Cambridge

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Vannevar Bush

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Memex

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J C R Licklider – man-computer symbiosis

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Ivan Sutherland – demonstrating symbiosis

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Sketchpad

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Doug Engelbart – the human augmentation project

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NLS – oNLine System

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Stanford Augmentation Research Center (ARC)

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Alan Kay

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KiddiKomp

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David Canfield Smith

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Pygmalion – symbiosis for the programmer

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Card, Newman, Moran, Tesler and others

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Xerox Star

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Xerox Star

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Jef Raskin

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Apple Lisa

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Apple Lisa

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Apple Macintosh

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If this is man-machine symbiosis,

why does

the man-half work?

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Allen Newell

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Brenda Laurel and Joy Mountford

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Lakoff and Johnson

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Pursuing the “metaphor” metaphor – Magic Cap

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The Magic Cap metaphor

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The Microsoft Bob metaphor

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The Task Gallery metaphor

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The Task Gallery metaphor

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The Task Gallery metaphor

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The Virtual Reality metaphor

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The Virtual Reality metaphor

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Available theories for cognitive design

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What is the difference

between education

and designing

a better customer?

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Richard Mayer – metaphors for learning programming

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Jack Carroll – varieties of metaphor and Lisa-learning

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Cognitive theories of education – Bruner and Ausubel

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Papert and Kay – educating the child genius?

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De Souza – the “Designer’s Deputy”

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We like our heroes

fully-augmented

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Negroponte’s Architecture Machine Group

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SDMS “Dataland”

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Command and control over Dataland

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SDMS console

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Engelbart at the NLS console

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1984

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1984

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1984

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1984

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1984

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Bruno Latour – recruiting allies for theory

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Who gets to be creative?

The designer?

Or the user?

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Ted Nelson

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Dealing with the death of the designer

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Further reading

• Blackwell, A.F. The reification of metaphor as a design tool. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 13(4), 490-530. December 2006.

• Alan Blackwell: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~afb21