Longitude and Latitude

Latitude and Longitude

Grade 4 Unit includes:

Compass Rose Definitions of latitude and

longitude Major lines of latitude Hemispheres Finding locations using

latitude and longitude

Objectives Students will be able to identify lines of

latitude on a map including Equator North Pole South Pole Antarctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn.

Students will be able to identify lines of longitude on a map including Prime Meridian

Objectives

Students will be able to locate all four hemispheres including Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere

Students will be able to identify which line divides the earth into the correct hemispheres.

Students will be able to find locations on map using longitude and latitude.

Materials Compass Rose Worksheet Globe World Map Latitude Worksheet Longitude Worksheet Different colors of yarn Scissors Matching Note cards Map of world showing latitude and

longitude Globe Bingo Worksheet Skittles Student minds

Compass Rose Map Hunt Latitude and Longitude Worksheet Signing Latitude and Longitude Yarning about Latitude and Longitude Match Latitude and Longitude Major lines of latitude worksheet Globe Says…activity about major lines of

latitude Globe Bingo

Activities

Pre-Assessment

Can you… draw and label a compass rose? identify the Equator and Prime Meridian on a map? label all the major lines of latitude on a map? Identify what line of latitude divides the earth into

the Northern and Southern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?

Identify what line of longitude divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?

Compass Rose Map Hunt

Students will draw and label a compass rose.

Students will discuss why a compass rose is important.

Students will locate cardinal roses on various types of maps.

Students will discuss what a compass rose is used for and who uses a compass rose.

Latitude

Students will be introduced to latitude and longitude.

Students will complete the latitude worksheet.

Students will trace the equator in green and the other lines of latitude in blue.

Signing Latitude

Latitude: “I'm climbing the Ladder of

latitudes, latitudes, latitudes. I'm climbing the ladder of latitudes, all around the world.”

Longitude Students will be

introduced to longitude by looking at the globe.

Students will complete the lines of longitude worksheet.

Students will trace the Prime Meridian in orange and the other lines of longitude in yellow.

Signing Longitude

Longitude: “It's a LONG, LONG way

from pole to pole, pole to pole, pole to poleIt's a LONG, LONG way from pole to pole, so we call those LONGITUDES.”

“Yarning about Latitude and Longitude”

Students will participate in making a globe Four students will be in North, South, East, and

West positions Different colors of yarn will make

Lines of latitude Lines of longitude Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole

Match Longitude and Latitude

Another name for lines of

longitudeMeridians

States that border Ohio

Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia,

Kentucky

Direction that meridians run

North and SouthThe four cardinal

directions North, East,

South, West

Direction that parallels

runEast and West South Pole 90 S

Another name for lines of latitude

Parallels North Pole 90 N

Major line of latitude at 0

EquatorEquator divides

Earth into

Northern Hemisphere and

Southern Hemisphere

Major line of longitude at 0

Prime MeridianPrime Meridian

divides Earth into

Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere

Major lines of Latitude

Students will do the Major lines of latitude worksheet.

Students will locate the major lines of latitude on the map.

Students will identify the latitude degree of each major line of latitude.

North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole

Major lines of latitude

Globe Says…

North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole

Students will complete the worksheet on the Students will complete the worksheet on the major lines of latitudemajor lines of latitude

After learning the major lines of latitude students will perform Globe says…. Body parts represent the major lines of latitude

Top of head – North Pole Ears – Arctic Circle Shoulders – Tropic of Cancer Waist – Equator Knees – Tropic of Capricorn Shins – Antarctic Circle Toes – South Pole

Globe Says

To review, students will be given a Blank Globe Bingo Worksheet.

Students will fill in the sheet before the next day’s class.

Globe Bingo

Globe Bingo

G L O B E       

       

       

       

 

  Word List  

Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole

Meridians Parallels East and West Cardinal Rose

Tropic of Cancer Antarctic Circle North and South East

Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Students should be able to: Draw and label a Compass Rose Identify the major lines of latitude and longitude on a

map Correctly label all four Hemispheres on a map Find locations on a map using

latitude and longitude

Assessment

Social Studies for Kids: Basic Geography

http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/geography/latitudelongitude.htm BoatSafeKids: How are flat charts and maps

made of our round planet?http://www.boatsafe.com/kids/mercator.htm

Interactive Latitude and Longitude

http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/MapStatsKids/MSK_portal/concepts_latlg.html Map Stats for Kids

http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g3_u6/index.html

Websites for Students

Geography Classroom Game http://geography.about.com/od/teachgeography/a/classlatitude.htm

Great Teaching Tools

http://www.classbrain.com/artteach/publish/article_108.shtml

Latitude and Longitude

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/activities/01/popup/lat_long.html

Yarning about Latitude and Longitude

http://www.education-world.com/a_tsl/archives/02-1/lesson043.shtml

Websites for Teachers

Typical GraphThis is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with.

The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.

Typical GraphEach point has two values:

The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis

The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis

Y axis

X axis

Typical GraphX value is always stated first

Followed by the Y value

The “origin” is the point where the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0)(0,0)

(3,8)Y

X

(9,5)

Typical GraphA point can also have negative (-) values

Negative X values are to the left of the origin (0,0)

Negative Y values are below the origin

X

Y

(-X,+Y)

(+X,-Y)

(+X,+Y)

(-X,-Y)

(0,0)

East West, North South on The Earth

Let the X axis be the Equator.

Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London.

Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth.

Y

X

East West, North South on the Earth Let each of

the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.

N

S

EW

East West, North South on the EarthThe N tells us

we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.

The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W) (N, E)

(S, W) (S, E)

East West, North South on the Earth

That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.

(N, W)

Prime Meridian

East West, North South on the Earth

What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?

Prime Meridian ?

If you said South and East , you’re right!

What is Latitude?Latitude is the

distance from the equator along the Y axis.

All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.

North pole = 90°NSouth pole = 90°SValues are

expressed in terms of degrees.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Latitude?

Each degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes.

Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

This is also true of longitude.

What is Latitude?

For Example:37°, 02’,51’’NThis is close to the latitude where you live.

Y

X

90°S

90°N

What is Longitude? Longitude is the

distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.

All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.

The earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude.

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Longitude?

The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)

180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian

Y

X

180°W 180°E

What is Latitude?

Our latitude and longitude might be:

37°, 03’,13’’N76°, 29’, 45’’W

Y

X

90°S

90°N

So Where is (0,0)?The origin point (0,0) is where the equator intersects the prime meridian.

(0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are

Located

1. 41°N, 21°E2. 37°N, 76°W3. 72°S, 141°W4. 7°S, 23°W5. 15°N, 29°E6. 34°S, 151°E

A B

C D

1. B 2. A3. C4. C5. B6. D

See if you can find those same latitude/longitude locations on

a map!

Equator Latitude 0o

Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)

Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer

Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn

Longitude 30o East

Longitude 60o East

Longitude 30o West

Longitude 60o West

Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole

South Pole

23½o 23½o

66½o 90o

900

21st June

22nd December

22nd Sept

20th March

30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW

Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West

Prime Meridian

0o Longitude

Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)

Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

Now you’re ready to find some locations on a

map!

TIME ZONESMath and Geography

in Action

Earth’s Seasons

Why so many Time Zones?

North Pole

Line

s of

Lon

gitu

de

15°

1 revolution of Earth = 365.25 days6 hours x 4 years = Leap year& we catch up

1 rotation of Earth = 24 hours

Circle = 360°

360° /24 = 15° = 1 hour

Earth rotates 15° each hour

At the equator Earth ≈ 24,900 miles= 1037.5 miles in an hour

Likened to a Number Line

                                               

                                               

ADD and hourfor each time zone as you move EAST

SUBTRACT an hour for each time zone as you move WEST

- 0 +

Your place of origin

World Time Zones

Areas of the world on non-standard time 2 South Pacific islands India Afghanistan Nepal Iran Sri Lanka Newfoundland Central Australia Myanmar (Burma)

Non- Standard TimeThe deviation of time keeping from the standard time zone in which a place is geographically located. The usual deviation occurs in quarter hour increments, i.e. 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 45 minutes.

USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNEDTrue or False:If EVERY part of the statement is TRUE, write T. If ANY part of the statement is FALSE, write F.1. The earth makes one complete rotation every 24 hours.2. For every 15° of longitude, there is a difference of one hour in time.3. Time zones always have straight boundaries.4. It is 12 noon everywhere on the earth at the same time.5. The letters a.m. stand for the 12 hours before 12 noon.6. Post meridiem means the 12 hours after 12 noon.7. The line of longitude at 180° is called the Prime Meridian.8. When you travel across the International Date Line you stay in the

same day.9. When you cross the Prime Meridian, you stay in the same day.10.It takes one hour for the earth to rotate 15°.

True or False

1. In what areas of the world do you find non-standard time?2. You are in New York and you want to call someone in Rome, Italy, at

noon Rome time. When would you call?3. Assume that flying from New York to London requires 6 hours. When

would a flight leaving New York on a Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. arrive in London?

4. You are flying from Los Angeles to Moscow. You leave Los Angeles at 10:00 a.m. on Saturday and you arrive in Moscow on Sunday at 9:00 a.m. How many hours did you actually spend flying?

5. You are planning a flight from Bombay, India, to Washington, D.C., that must connect through several cities. You will leave Bombay on August 2, at 8:00 A.M., and will continue directly through Beijing and Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. What time is it in Washington, D.C., when you begin your trip? What will be the date when you arrive in Washington, D.C.?

6. If it is 3:00 p.m. in Greenwich, what time is it in Moscow?7. If it is 9:00 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Washington, D.C.?8. If it is Tuesday, 4:30 p.m. in Japan, what day and time is it in Honolulu?9. If it is Friday, 8:15 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro what day and time is it in

Beijing?

Time it! Practice

Latitude and Longitude

Lines of longitude only

Equator added Other lines of

latitude added

Cross-sections through lines of latitude

Cross-section through line of longitude

Orange cut through lines of longitude

Orange cut through lines of latitude

Draw a map of this world.

There are 4 countries: Red, Light Green, Dark Green and Purple.

Latitude and Longitude

Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the

earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

Latitude

North Pole

South Pole

Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole.

Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole.

][

90 8070

6050

40

2030

10

9080

70605040

2010

30

Latitude

The North Pole is at 90° N

The South Pole is at 90° S

The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south.

40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator.

40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.

Longitude Lines of longitude

begin at the Prime Meridian.

60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian.

The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west

60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian.

W E

Longitude

Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line.

PRIME MERIDIAN

West L

ongitu

de

East L

ongitu

de

180°

N

EW

S

North Pole

Prime MeridianThe Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split

the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.

Prime Meridian

Western Hemisphere

Eastern

Hemisphere

Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.

SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.

America to Asia – gain a dayAsia to America – lose a day

INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE180°

By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be

pinpointed

A location’s coordinates(____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

W E

S North America is in the Northern Hemisphere

because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.

ApplicationN

Fractions of a Degree 1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line Written ----- Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction

30’ is half-way between degrees

The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours. 360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.

THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

LONGITUDE AND TIME

The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time

zones

EAST INCREASE Time is forward to all places to the east

WEST LESS Time is backward to all places to the

west

ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING

East Increase – West Less(1 hr per l5°)

If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?

If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the

position of the sunNIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH

Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.

California the sun is still visible.

This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at

night.

Saguenay

Ottawa

Sept-Iles

Mexico City

Québec

Montréal

St.John

Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.

Toronto

Detroit

Miami

Havana

Puerto RicoHouston

Dallas

It’s still daylight in California

Thunder Bay

Port-au-Prince

NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.

Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and

Madrid the sun is still visible.

Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.

We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.