Opportunities and Challenges for Direct Selling Operations in China
Long term future opportunities for seaplanes operations · Long term future opportunities for...
Transcript of Long term future opportunities for seaplanes operations · Long term future opportunities for...
(Name of presenter)
(Short title of presentation)
Ladislav Smrcek
Roderick Galbraith
Giangi Gobbi
Alan Canamar
Jana Halirova
Long term future opportunities for
seaplanes operations
(Name of presenter)
(Short title of presentation)
Long term future opportunities for
seaplane operations
University of Glasgow
(Name of presenter)
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(Meeting presented at)
20.05.2011, slide 2
Contents
• Sustainability
• Market analysis, Seaplane Operations and
Regulations
• Possible technical solutions
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Sustainability: “sustainability is the concept to
endure”A generation ago the imperatives were :
• higher
• further
• faster
Now, according to EU 2020 vision
guidelines, they are:
• more affordable
• safer
• cleaner
• quieter
Sustainability depends on the wellbeing of the natural world as whole and the responsible use of natural resources.
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Strength based on vision 2020 (today) :
1) Environment (for cleaner and quieter world):
• air/water pollution:
Few studies have been completed on the topic. The most inclusive is probably an investigation conducted by US Army corps of Engineers (USACE). The outcomes were*:
Air quality: no impact
Water quality: no impact
Soil quality: no impact
Wildlife: no impact
Fisheries: no impact
Hydrology: no impact*http://www.seaplanes.org.au/PDF/Seaplanes-The_Facts.pdf, http://www.seaplanes.org/advocacy/environment.pdf and
http://www.seaplanes.org/advocacy/booklet.pdf
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Strength based on vision 2020 (today) :
• Noise*:
*http://www.harbourair.ie/environmental-impact.pdf
Noise dBA Example
Military jet 120+
Jet ski 110 e.g. watersports on lake
Chainsaw 100-104 e.g. tree felling/forestry/logging
Grass Cutting 88-100 Golf courses
Tractors 95 e.g. general operations
All terrain vehicles 85
Speedboat 65-95 e.g. watersports on lake
Seaplane 75 on take-off only @ 300m (20 sec)
Inside car – 30 mph 68-73
Normal conversation 65
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Strength based on vision 2020 (today) :
2) Responding to society’s needs: at all prices, an airline ticket buys the four C’s:
• Choice: the consumer decides his/her journey from a range of satisfying choices, limiting the impact of weather.
• Convenience: airline timetable is something that can be relied upon. Airports must not be a test for traveller’s patience.
• Comfort: cabins are passenger-friendly. No noise, vibrations and turbulence.
• Costs: the airline system is operating with great efficiency. The aircraft must cost less to own, operate and maintain.
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Strength based on vision 2020 (today) :
• point to point connections
• connections to very difficult to reach places
• safe and efficient surveillance in otherwise inaccessible destinations
• sightseeing tours/tourism
• Safety: ability to conduct rescue operations over large bodies of water, water bombers
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Future opportunities (near future):
For a sustainable environmental impact:
• Air:
it is true that carbon emission generated by seaplanes
exceed those produced by boats.
Moreover Vision 2020 states that the aim is to reduce CO2
and nitrogen oxide emissions by 50% and 80%
respectively by 2020.
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Future opportunities (near future):
alternative fuels (low-polluting bio-fuel and cryogenic fuels in place of jet A1 aviation fuel)
more efficient engines (turboprop: Pratt and Whitney 100 family, e.g. PW150A, General Electric H80).
Drag reduction (novel shapes)
PW150A General Electric H80
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Future opportunities (near future):
• Noise:
Airframe (novel shapes)
Engines (low output speed for low propeller noise)
Propeller (low tip speed propellers)
• Environment:
Recyclable materials: aircraft's parts could be reused, recovered or recycled in an environmentally friendly way (e.g. Airbus* took part in Pamela (Process for Advanced Management of End of Life Aircraft), . Pamela's aim was to demonstrate that, by 2015, 85% of an aircraft's parts could be reused)
*http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/01/10/351597/aviation-industry-under-pressure-to-reduce-landfill-waste-from-scrapped.html
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Future opportunities (near future):
• Modifications of existing planes
• Innovative new design
• Air freight services: cargos travel by air because it is
more competitive
• Unified regulations
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Future opportunities (long term):
• Investments in new technology and materials
• Avionics systems (lighten the burdens on the pilot, help
making correct decisions and reduce human error, night
flight)
• New seaplanes/amphibians advance design
• Larger seaplanes with better range and less affected by
weather conditions
• Efficient, safe, comfortable infrastructures (seaports,
docking facilities, accessibility…)
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Overview of seaplane operations in the UK
and Europe today
• There is almost no seaplane traffic at all
• Goverment regulations mostly are too strict and they do not correspond with modern transport equipment
• Huge market potential in rivers, canals, lakes, and islands
• Seaplanes need a minimum of infrastructure, assistance and communications facilities
• They are perfect choice for holiday destinations, offers a unique and ‘special’ type of journey and they could also offer some sense of freedom for the passengers who donot like airports
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Government regulation and control in the UK
• Seaplanes are under regulations from aviation and naval authority
• Must adhere to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGS), The Merchant Shipping (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations, 1996 and the multiple connotations of the Civil Aviation Act, 1949
• Specific regulations related to harbour operations: landing, and takeoff operations, luggage handling, Security, etc.
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Percentage of Seaplanes and Amphibians in the UK
CAA. 2010. Current records of registered planes by CAA. http://ww.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=56&pagetype=90&pageid=107
0,00%
0,02%
0,04%
0,06%
0,08%
0,10%
0,12%
0,14%
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
percentage change of participation of seaplanes and amphibian aircrafts on the total number of aircrafts
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Total number of Water operated Planes in the UK
79 8 8
12 1113 14
16 16 16 16 17 18 18 1715 15 14 15
17 18 1921 21 21 20
1 1 12 2 2 2
34
3 32 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 32 2
3 32
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
198
5
198
6
1987
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
2002
2003
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
2010
2011
amphibians
seaplanes
total number of water operated planes
CAA. 2010. Current records of registered planes by CAA. http://ww.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=56&pagetype=90&pageid=107
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Survey carried out:
• Surveyed 300+ operators worldwide, to gather more
information on the types of services offered and the
biggest predicaments
Commercial Airline
16%Commercial
Airline Candidate
6%
Training16%
Flying Club8%
Manufaturer 5%
Charter22%
Tourist22%
Consultant5%
Type of services offered by surveyors(FUSETRA – Future seaplane traffic in Europe, http://www.fusetra.eu/component/content/article/34-fusetracontent/67-survey-on-seaplane-operational-experience)
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Cost Analysis
• Operational costs could be divided among four kinds
materials
salaries
vehicle related
other costs
Common costs
for all means of
transport
energy usage
lubricants (oils, etc.)
Driver/pilot salary
operator salary
depreciations of vehicle
depreciations of additional equipment
maintenance and repairing
(it means material, salaries, insurance, etc.)
insurance (employees, vehicle, responsibility etc.)
interest
taxes
general costs of company
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Seaplane Market in the UK
• There are few small companies operating in the UK and EU (some of them are mentioned at the end of this presentation)
• Loch Lomond Seaplanes Ltd operate first city seaplane
service – they run 2 amphibians among 14 destinations and
manage Glasgow Seaplane Terminal (opened 2007)
main focus of the company is events and sightseeing
activities
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Cost Comparison among selected tourist
attractions in Scotland
• Steam train from Fort Williams to
Mallaig and back
lenght: 2 hours and 10 minutes
(total 4 hours 20 mins)
price for adults: 35.27 EUR or 61.44 EUR for 1st class
it means –
8.46 EUR or 14.74 EUR per person, per hour
• Buses tour from Glasgow to Loch Ness and back
length: 11 hours
price for adults: 41 EUR
it means –
3.73 EUR per person, per hour
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Loch Lomond Seaplanes Ltd. offers
two options for sightseeing
• Loch Lomond or Glasgow discovery
tour:
length: 40 minutes
price: 158 EUR per person (up to 9 passengers)
possibly price for person per hour: 237.2 EUR
• Private seaplane charter for two
length: 60 minutes
price: 681.5 EUR (anywhere they fly to, but only for 2
passengers)
price for person per hour: 340.7 EUR
However it is absolutely different kind of experience
Cost Comparison among selected tourist
attractions in Scotland
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What to do next?
• So the first step of everything is to finger operating locations
• Other steps following:
make a questionnaire or find some main points which are
relevant for figuring out the demand(suggestion of questionnaire will be included in project’s material)
Telephonic research would be the most suitable for such a
type
After the most difficult part of the marketing research (to
gather data) it will follow the data analysis and the final
decision.
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Some examples of European stakeholders and
their planes• Croatia
European coastal seaplanes, their fleet
– The Lake Buccaneer, LA 4-200, Lake-4 seater
– De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter
– G21-A Goose
• Finland
PNF Pure Nature Flyers
– Ikarus C42
• France
Eads-Irkut seaplane
– Beriev BE-200
– Beriev BE-210 De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter,
Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias.2010. Aircraft encyclopaedia. Website.http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/377734
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Some examples of European stakeholders and
their planes
• Germany
Drive and Fly
Ikarus C 42 B
Cessna FA 150 K
• Greece
Argo Airways
De Havilland DHC-3 Turbine Single Otter
• Ireland
Amphibious flying club and Ulster Seaplane Association Ltd
N/A for both
Ikarus C42,
Pilotmix.com.2010.Ikarus.Website.http://www.pilotmix.com/index.php?pgid=11&lang=en&maxInfo=23
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Italy - Aero Club Como
Cessna 172
Cessna 172 XP
Piper PA 18
Cessna 305 C
Cessna 206
Lake LA4-200 EP
• Malta DeHavilland DHC-3 Turbine Single Otter
• Norway – FonnaflyCessna U / TU 206
• United Kingdom
lots of types and clubs – further details in the project materials
Some examples of European stakeholders and
their planes
Cessna T206H
Plane and pilot mag. 2007. Cessna T206H Stationar. Website:http://skyacademy.cz/cessnat206h.html?PHPSESSID=86d45ca72a9c73326aa9ed5ec1270c03
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Possible Technical Solutions
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Aircraft Specifications
Aircraft
MTOW
(kg)
Length
(m)
Height
(m)
Max
Speed
(km/h)
Range
(km) Pax Power Plant
European CS 23 Commuter
Antonov AN-28 6,100 12.98 4.6 355 510 18 2 Turboprop
LET-410 6,400 14.42 5.83 380 1,380 19 2 Turboprop
Dornier 228 6,600 16.56 4.86 433 1,111 19 2 Turboprop
Britten Norman
BN-2 6,600 10.86 4.18 273 1,400 9 2 Piston Prop
European CS 25 Regional Jet
BAe 146 42,184 28.6 8.59 801 2,909 80 4 Turbofan
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• High wing
Greater visibility
Light structure
Low Ground Effect
Greater wing and/or prop
clearance
Convenience for boarding
• Turboprop engine
STOL capabilities
Efficient at modest flight speeds
• Materials (must resist corrosion)
Aluminium Alloys
Common Features
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Futuristic ImagesLet L-410 Dornier Do-228
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Antonov AN-28 BAe 146
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Technical Specifications to Consider (Near Future)
• Hydrodynamics Performance
• Aerodynamics Performance
• Weight Parameters
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Hydrodynamic Performance
Boat Hull and Floats Hydrofoils
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Aerodynamic Performance
Retractable Floats Aerodynamic Boat Hull
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Weight Parameters
• Advanced Light Materials
Composites
Titanium Alloys
Advanced Aluminium Alloys
• Power Plants
Pratt and Whitney PW150A
General Electric H80
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CAD Model of Seaplane
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Conclusion• Seaplanes already meet some of the requirements stated in
vision 2020
• Not very radical changes to existing aircrafts are required in the
near future to improve the market
• New seaplanes advance design and efficient, safe, comfortable
infrastructures will be needed in long term
• There is almost no seaplane traffic at all and huge market potential in rivers, canals, lakes and sea
• Seaplanes are not competitive these days. There is a need fora lot of changes (more seats, pilot training centres, easier administration process, robust operation system…)
• Unified regulations is a must
• Public Awareness
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Questions???