Long Span and High-rise Steel Construction

8/10/2019 Long Span and High-rise Steel Construction

1/89

2007-4-24

Long Span and High-riseSteel Construction

C&S SEMINARC&S SEMINAR

20th April 200720th April 2007

ii--Connect room, 1st storeyConnect room, 1st storey SurbanaSurbanaOne, 168One, 168 Jalan Bukit MerahJalan Bukit Merah

SingaporeSingapore

J Y RichardJ Y Richard LiewLiew

Ph.D, P.Eng (Ph.D, P.Eng (SSporepore),), CEngCEng,, MIStructEMIStructE,,

Associate ProfessorAssociate Professor

Director, Hazard, Risk and MitigationDirector, Hazard, Risk and Mitigation ProgrammeProgrammeDepartment of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil EngineeringNational University of SingaporeNational University of Singapore

Email:Email:cveljycveljy@@nusnus..eduedu..sgsg


2/89

Quality Steel is a high quality, dimensionally accurate material

Efficiency/speed Steel components are pre-fabricated in efficientfactory processes, and installed rapidly on site minimisingthe use of site labour

Light Weight Steel has a higher strength-to-weight ratio; lessrequirement on foundation.

Aesthetics Attractive appearance; long span floor beam system up to 20free span

Minimum waste Steel construction is not wasteful in production, andall waste can be recycled

Recycling Steel can be recycled and reused at the end of life. 50% ofcurrent steel use is from a recycled source

Re-use Steel components can be dismantled and re-used

Sustainable andSustainable and BuildableBuildable SteelSteelConstructionConstruction


3/89

Buildability of Large VolumeSpace Frame Structures

1.1. SingleSingle integrated elements or system

2. Simplifiedjoint design to facilitate

construction3. Speed of Construction

Minimise temporary works/ low-level working

Maximise off-site fabrication

Exploit high strength products to reduce weight

Minimise applied fire protection


4/89

Integrated Roof Systems

Integrated metal roof on steel trusses

Metal roof on steel trusses or beams


5/89


6/89

- Before LiftingBefore Lifting

SingaporeSingapore ChangiChangiInternational Airport Hangar 5International Airport Hangar 5


7/89

Main Trusses (92m) are rigidly weldedSecondary trusses are bolted.

SIA Hangar 5


8/89

SingaporeSingapore ChangiChangiInternational Airport Hangar 5International Airport Hangar 5

--85 m x72m Single Integrated Roof System85 m x72m Single Integrated Roof System

11

21 J

A

~27.0 M

0.0

M

Power

Pack

HydraulicHoses

StrandJack

Temporary

Walkways &

Working

Platforms

Lattice

Column

Minimise temporary works/ low-level working


9/89


10/89

-After LiftingAfter LiftingSingaporeSingapore ChangiChangiInternational Airport Hangar 5International Airport Hangar 5


11/89

Sports Complex Roof

- Curved arches


12/89


13/89

1mm 2mm

38.59m

(0, 0)

(16m, 27.67m)

(10m, 15.67m) (22m, 15.3m)

38.65m

13m

60 Degree

60 Degree

9.5m Overhang Cantilever

8m OverhangCantilever

2mm

10ton Chain Block to control &

adjust the level & displacement

Temporary

Erection Plate

7.5m

2m

6m 31KN(CG)

15.8KN

3.9KN3.9KN

10 ton x 12m webbing slings

Temporary Tower

Support 2mx2m

Temporary Tower

Support 2mx2m

3mm

Need 2 cranes for erection3-Segment constructionNeed Temporary Supports


14/89


15/89

Lateral stability during installation


16/89

TheThe WhampoaWhampoa FootbridgeFootbridge use of tubular sectionsuse of tubular sections


17/89

60m

TheThe WhampoaWhampoa FootbridgeFootbridge


18/89

PROPOSED WHAMPOA FOOTBRIDGE

TTJ/ER/PROP-03


19/89

Erectioncompleted inthe morning

Lift footbridge to bargePull the bridgto the otherend


20/89

Suntec City Convention Center(120m x 160m)


21/89

FabricationFabrication

done on thedone on thefloor slabfloor slab


22/89


23/89

Keppel Distribution Park


24/89

Keppel Distribution Park

Six warehouses: 120m x 90m each


25/89


26/89

Building services or part of the roof cladding can be pre-installed on the ground before lifting

P bl d


27/89

Bolted JointsAvoid site welding

Pre-assembledspace frames


28/89

Preinstalled on the ground using ball-jointed space frame system


29/89

Lifting of steel roof


30/89


31/89

Economy of Steel Joints

Rigid joints cost more thannominally pinned joints

Joints that require a large amount

of stiffening are more expensive Connections which require specialjigs to fabricate will be relatively

expensive. Site welded joints cost more thanfield bolted joints.


32/89

Rigid joints with many stiffeners

Congested node Overlapping Joint


33/89


34/89


35/89


36/89

f &


37/89

In-line production based on

Computerized NumericallyControlled machinery.

Prefabrication &

Accuracy

Sea Front

Access

CNC Pipe Profile Cutting MachineCNC Pipe Profile Cutting MachineFCAW WeldingFCAW Welding

CNC Hole Drilling/ PunchingCNC Hole Drilling/ PunchingCNC Drilling/Cutting LineCNC Drilling/Cutting Line

CNC Plate Profile Cutting MachineCNC Plate Profile Cutting Machine


38/89

CNC Pipe Profiling


39/89

fire safety designfire safety design

Realistic FireRealistic Fire

Modeling,Modeling,

CFD, Parametric fire, etcHeat TransferHeat Transfer

AnalysisAnalysisFEM

StructuralStructural

ResponseResponse

CalculationCalculationNLFEA

Fire engineering of large spanFire engineering of large spanstructuresstructures

Liew, J Y R, Tang, L K and Choo, Y S (2002), Advanced analysis for performance-based design of steel structures exposed to fires,J of Structural Engineering,

ASCE, USA, 128(12), 1584-1593

Fire Detection/Alarm

Fire suppression

egra at on o stee


40/89

egra at on o steestrength and stiffness

0 300 600 900 1200

100

80

60

40

20

% of normal value

Temperature (C)

Effective yield strength

(at 2% strain)

SS

Elastic modulus

SS

Strength and stiffness

reductions very similar

for S235, S275, S355

structural steels and

hot-rolled reinforcingbars. (SS)


41/89

Minimise passive fire protection


42/89

Fire protection is not required!

i i i i d


43/89

Fire protection is not required!

MAJOR STEEL BUILDING


44/89

MAJOR STEEL BUILDING

PROJETS IN SINGAPORE

Name No. of Storey Weight (tons) Yr Completed

OUB Centre 67* 11,000 1986

Treasury Building 52 15,000 1986

Ocean Tower 30 5,800 1991

John Hancock Tower 26 2,350 1992

Hitachi Tower 37 6,000 1992

The Concourse 42 8,000 1992

UOB Plaza 66* 10,000 1992

Republic Plaza 66* 8,217 1995

*Tallest in Singapore, 280m


45/89

Name No. of Storey Weight (tons) Yr Complete

STEEL BUILDING PROJETS IN SINGAPORE

(Cont)

UE Square 18 2,000 1996

Suntec City NA 27,000 1996

Bank of China 37 3,000 1997Singapore Post Centre 14 7,000 1999

Springleaves Tower 37 4,200 2000

Cuppage Centre 10 3,000 2000

Capital Tower 52 9,600 2000One Raffles Link 8 3,000 2000

ParkView Square 30 8000 2002

ORQ 50 8,000 2006

B ild bilit f M lti t St l


46/89

Buildability of Multi-storey Steel

Building

Standardization - repetition of grids, sizes ofcomponents and connection details

SSimplicity - simple building constructionsystems and installation details.Speed of Construction

Exploit long span advantage

Reduce no. of floor joints. Integrate building services Adopt composite construction

Typical commercial building


47/89

Typical commercial buildingLong Span Construction reduce floor joint


48/89


49/89


50/89

Integration of building services


51/89

Composite TrussComposite Truss

Suntec City


52/89

Suntec City

Composite Truss System


53/89

Composite Truss System

>25m

OUB Building


54/89

OUB Building

Hybrid

system of

steel

frames with

concretecore

20m

950


55/89

Shallow floor systemsShallow floor systems

A wide flat plate iswelded to theunderside of H-section.

The wide plate supports

the precast concrete slab

reducing the overall

thickness of the floor.

Advantages of shallow floor


56/89

Advantages of shallow floorsystems

Shallow floor depth reduces the overallheight of the building Flexibility of service layout

One-hour fire resistancebecause major parts of thesteel section is encased inconcrete.

Longer periods can beachieved by protecting theexposed bottom flange


57/89

Deep metal deckingDeep metal decking

Deep metal deck permits the use of in-situ concreteacting compositely with the metal deck. This reduces the dead load of the floor and removes

the need to manoeuvre heavy precast sections intoplace.

M t l d kiM t l d ki


58/89

Metal deckingMetal decking

Steelwork ready to receive


59/89

Steelwork ready to receivedecking

Pl i t l d kiPl i t l d ki


60/89

Placing metal deckingPlacing metal decking

D ki i lDecking in place


61/89

Decking in placeDecking in place

P mping conc etePumping concrete


62/89

Pumping concretePumping concrete

Compa ison of compositeComparison of composite


63/89

Comparison of compositeComparison of composite

flooring systemsflooring systems

Building ABeam +

slab

depth

Overall floor

zone

Building

height

Floor slab

dead load

Total steel

weight per

floor area

STRUCTURAL FORM mm mm m KN/m2 Kg/m2

Composite beams & composite slab 435 800 14.0

2.8 51.7

2.7 42.2

2.0 38.9

13.4

Slimflor with deep metal deck (propped

deck, unpropped beam)295 650 13.4

3.0 43.4Slimflor with pre-cast slab 237 550 13.0

Slimflor with deep metaldeck

(unpropped)305 650

Composite beams with web openings 725 1050 15.0

2.0 46.6

2.0 50.2

Cellular beams with composite slab 775 1100 15.2

Summary on Composite Floor


64/89

Summary on Composite FloorSystem

Large column free spaces often require

deep beams

Service integration reduces overall depth

Shallow floor systems combine floor and

slab in the same vertical space reducing

the overall structural depth.

Composite ColumnsComposite Columns


65/89

pp

Tube used as permanent form work

2 1 1 Advantages ofAdvantages of CFSTsCFSTs


66/89

Circular

Square and rectangular

+>

2OR

`


67/89

`

Concrete filled Tubular Column

Applications oApplications ofCFTsCFTs


68/89


69/89

Slim column sizeSlim column size

No fire protectionNo fire protection

Internal steel core can resist the serviceInternal steel core can resist the service

load during fire.load during fire.

Steel Core CFT (SCSteel Core CFT (SC--CFT)CFT)

Flat slabconstruction

-- Concrete Filled ColumnsConcrete Filled Columns


70/89

Tube-in-tube

composite

columnsPunching shear connector

(encased in slabs, protected from fire)

Concrete Filled ColumnsConcrete Filled Columns

(HSCF)(HSCF)Ultra high strength

concrete; 200MPa

Normal concrete,

35 MPa

Latest Innovation


71/89


72/89


73/89


74/89


75/89

Column Free

Space

Project Capital Tower

ArchitecturalConsultant

RSP Architects, Planners &Engineers (Pte) Ltd

Structural Consultant Maunsell Consultants(Singapore) Ptd Ltd

Main Contractor Parsons Brinckerhoff

Consultant Pte Ltd

Client CapitaLand CommercialLimited

Construction cost US$152.0 million

Construction Period 29 months

Gross Floor Area 95,5545 m2

Buildability Scores 81

52-storey officebuilding with six

levels of basementcar park

Buildability Features


76/89

Standardised grids, beam spans andsymmetrical layout about central axis

Autoclimb Slip Form

ConstructionSequenceConstructionSequence


77/89

Construction SequenceConstruction Sequence

f ll d l


78/89

Concrete filled Column

Composite column


79/89

Composite column

Finplate connection


80/89

Finplate connection


81/89

Through-plate connection

Reverse channel- and T-section


82/89

connections


83/89


84/89

Typical Steel


85/89

Typical SteelResidential

Building

Integrated Dr Wall Panel

Top Track

S l S d

Joints &

fasteners

finished with


86/89

Integrated Dry Wall PanelSteel StudAcoustic Insulation

(if required)

2 layers 15mm

Plasterboard on

both sides

Fasteners on firstlayer @ 400mmcentres

Bottom Track

Lafarge JointCompound

Fasteners

10mm-15mmfrom edge ofsheet

Fasteners @

200mm centres

max staggered onedges


87/89


88/89

ConclusionsConclusions


89/89

ConclusionsConclusions Use reusable steel frame and percast concrete to

reduce site labor, increase productivity and qualityfor sustainable construction.

Use composite design for long span beam, compact

floor, smaller column size, and better fire and

structural resistance.

Numerous projects provide illustration of the

benefits of buildable design using composite

construction. Successful implementation requires close

collaboration and information sharing between

various parties

Long Span and High-rise Steel Construction

Documents

Transcript of Long Span and High-rise Steel Construction