London and the low carbon economy
-
date post
12-Sep-2014 -
Category
Business
-
view
9 -
download
1
description
Transcript of London and the low carbon economy
Low-Carbon London
Martin Powell
Director of Projects
2
Shaping Cities in a Complex World
Martin PowellDirector of ProjectsSeptember 2009
3
“the bank we can never bail out” • Editorial New Scientist 18 October 2008
Building a Great Global City
• London is a dynamic, exciting city, a hub for business, a magnet for tourists, a stage for international sporting and cultural events and home to a diverse population.
• London speaks over 300 languages and practices 14 different faiths.
5
The London Development Agency
• The LDA aims to improve the quality of life for all Londoners; working to create jobs, develop skills, and promote economic growth.
•
• The LDA invests to deliver the Mayor’s vision for economic development in London: the Economic Development Strategy (EDS). We have three areas of focus:
• Jobs – promoting business growth
• Skills – providing the skills that employers need
• Growth – developing and regeneration of communities
6
Governance and funding
• The London Development Agency (LDA) has an annual budget of £500m per year, and employs around 500 staff
• It is accountable to the Mayor of London
• Performance targets are set in consultation with the Mayor and agreed by the Secretary of State
7
Working relationships
• We work with the 33 London Boroughs, sub-regional partnerships, Government departments and key partners from the voluntary, community, public and private sector.
• The LDA is one of nine English Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) across the UK. We work with RDAs across England to ensure a wider co-operation, so that our regional work achieves a national impact.
8
Climate Change
• Mayoral commitment to address the challenge of climate change, to improve the quality of London’s environment and to reduce London’s environmental footprint:
• A strategic approach to environmental improvements in London presents both a challenge and an opportunity for London’s economy.
• Key opportunities for the LDA include:
• business case for environmentally responsible business practice
• innovation in sustainable design for London
• Investment in public realm improvements
• New business opportunities and supply chain development in environmental innovation and technology
9
London’s Energy Strategy
• “There is still time to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, if we take strong action now.”
• Stern Review, October 2006.
Be lean – use less energy
Be green – use renewable energy
Be clean – supply energy efficiently
The energy hierarchy
10
Ecolo
gic
al F
ootp
rint (g
ha p
er c
ap
ita)
Human Development Index
Developing countries
Developed countries
Ecological Footprint and Human Development Index, 2003
Challenges - eco footprint
11
1 What kind of City
12
The 21st Century
13
Will effect the ways we live
14
Scale
50 % of the worlds population lives in cities
80% of the world’s GHG are emitted by cities
75% of the worlds energy are consumed by cities
source: Clinton Climate Initiative
15
By 2050 80% of the worlds population will be in cities
16
• Cities are thrilling, exciting, creative, liberating, cruel and inhuman
17
What kinds of city do we want
18
Mumbai - 34,000 people per km (sq)
19
London - 4500 people per km (sq)
20
Rising Urban Stars
Budapest
San JoséBangalore
Tallinn
Raleigh-DurhamAustin
Helsinki
Dalian
Suzhou
technology
Chongqing
Santiago
DelhiMumbai
BeijingShanghai
Guangzhou
Xian
Shenzhen
economy
CopenhagenCalgary
Cape TownPorto Alegre
Barcelona
SE Queensland
environment
21
22
23
24
25
2 Shaping our Obelisks
26
Compact City Principles
• Well designed, compact, connected
• Mix of uses
• Integrated with public transport
• Adaptable for change
• Development on brownfield sites
• Growth based on public transport
• Development on a human scale
The London Plan
27
The shaping of our Investment
• LDA as landowner and developer
• Over 70 sustainability standards to be met:
Energy Efficiency
Renewables
Water Use
Flooding and Surface Water
Open Space & Biodiversity
Materials
Waste & Recycling
Inclusive/Disability
Construction Practice
28
Massive New Transport Investment
29
London’s heat load density distribution
(Source: The London Plan)
30
31North West Passage 2007
wh
ere
we
hav
e to
be
by
205
0World CO2 emissions 2002
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
Lon
do
n
NY
Sh
ang
hai
33
• Tight, ambitious targets set by the London Plan
• Exemplar Sustainability Standards to be achieved
• Alignment to Transport Investment
• Head Load densities to be mapped
• Culturally diverse city
• A real urgency
• A long way to go!
• New Thinking
The Shapers for our interventions
34
The Big Obelisks
• Olympics Park
• Green Grid
• Trees
• Great Spaces
• River Use
• Green Enterprise District
• District Heating
• Zero Carbon Scheme
35
3 The Big Obelisks
36
6 July 2005
37
38
5 Olympic Legacy Venues
Legacy thinking from outset:
Strategic Need Business Planning Financial Sustainability Environmental Sustainability Community Use High Performance Use Fully Inclusive
39
Evolution -
2013
40
41
42
43
The memory of the Games?
44
45
46
47
48
50
51
52
54
55
Zero Carbon development
A zero carbon development is one that achieves zero net carbon emissions from energy use on site, on an annual basis.
56
4 Going Green
57
London’s Carbon Footprint
• 8% of total UK CO2 emissions are from London, primarily from the domestic and commercial sectors
• Improving thermal efficiency in London’s existing housing stock = 10% reduction in total CO2 emissions in London, and much greater reduction would come from increased energy efficiency in existing commercial buildings.
0
2006 carbon dioxide emissions from London
5%
34%
14%25%
22%
Source: London Energy and CO2 Emissions Inventory; DEFRA; TfL Policy Unit AnalysisNote: 2006 figures are based on latest available LECI data (for 2003) projected to 2006 based on projections for each sector
Domestic
Commercial
Industrial
Aviation
Ground BasedTransport
Including Aviation
67 mt CO2 (11% of UK emissions)
Excluding Aviation
7%
22%
38%
33%
Domestic
Commercial
Industrial
Ground BasedTransport
44 mt CO2 (8% of UK emissions)
58
London is committed to playing its role
58
London Mayor’s Climate Change
Target
Today 2020 2025 2050
•Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 60% below 1990 levels by 2025
UK Climate Change Act (2008)
• Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.
European 20-20-20 Target (2009)
• Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 20% below 1990 levels by 2020
• 20% increase in renewables
• 20% cut in energy consumption
The Mayor is committed to London becoming the greenest city in the world and to a city that becomes a world leader in improving the environment.
59
London has committed to ambitious carbon reduction targets
Profile of national targets and aspirations
Profile of London’s reductions to achieve 450ppm stabilisation
1DECC modelling for CCC. Sources: CCAP (2006) CCC (2008) * Extrapolation based on CCA trend to 2022 for non-residential buildings
Profile of a BAU Projection for non-residential emissions to 20221
1990 20502020
Car
bon
emis
sion
s
26% by 2020 CCA 2008
80% by 2050 CCA 2008
Target for London = 60%
15%20%
Today
2030
Desired national profile
Desired London profileDesired London profile
BAU*
Emissions profiles for an illustrative public sector building
9
10
20
30
40
50
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 20501990
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions (MtC
O2
)
Profile of national targets and aspirations (against 1990)
Today
45.1m 44.3m
15%20%
25%
30%
60%(vs 2000)
Required CO2 reductions
Target for London = 60%
10 year target (2016)= 20%
Proposed London reductions to achieve 450ppm stabilisation
600 million tonnes CO2 to
2025
60
Action at all levels
1. Our procurement
2. Broader programmes
3. Planning framework
4. Influencing
61
London Green Fund
Influencing national policy / stakeholder management / communications
Olympic Fringe
Energy Efficiency Energy Supply Waste Transport Low Carbon Economy
Adaptation
Homes Energy Efficiency
Programme
Better Buildings Partnership
Building Energy Efficiency
Programme
Low Carbon Zones
Green500
Green Enterprise
District
Retrofit Academy
London Transport Strategy
Autumn 2009London Cycle
Hire Scheme & Cycle
SuperhighwaysLow Carbon
Buses
Electric Vehicle Delivery Plan
London Mayoral Strategies
London Waste Strategies(municipal &
bsuiness
LDA Owned Energy Supply
Projects
Crystal Palace CHP
London Thames
Gateway Heat Network
Royal Albert Basin
Energy Master Planning
London Waste and Recycling
Board
Park Royal Partnership
London Plan (Autumn 2009)
Economic Development
Strategy
Green Jobs & Skills
Low Carbon Economy Action
Plan
Low Carbon GLA Fleet
Legible London
Traffic flow smoothing
Underground, overground & DLR energy efficiency
LDA Contribution to Energy Supply
Projects
The climate change programmes
Str
ate
gy
Delivery
Climate change, mitigation and
energy strategy
61
62
Why do we need to retrofit
• The commercial and public sector is a significant contributor to London’s carbon dioxide emissions – mostly from heating and lighting
Commercial and public sector
Ground based transport
Domestic
Industrial
GLA (2006 & 2007)
36% Heating
26% lighting
11% catering
7% hot water
6% cooling
4% computing/IT
10% other
38%33%
22%7% Public sector: Health 23%, Education 47%, Offices 30%
London emissions all sectors: 44.3m CO2 (t)
Commercial and public sector: 18m CO2 (t)
63
Homes Energy Efficiency Programme
• Two parallel streams: building up market using housing funds and LDA (next 1-2 years); launch new, large-scale, financed model (next 2-3 years)
• Intensive joint working with London Councils/ boroughs on business case. Build on experience with schemes in london
• £1b could treat nearly 1.8m homes and deliver 3mt of CO2 savings p.a.
• 2,000+ jobs creation potential; “Retrofit Academy”
• 1000 homes trialling “10 easy measures”; Autumn 5x1000 homes demonstrating business model; 2010/11 50-200,0000 homes demonstrate financed model
64
Building Energy Efficiency Programme?
• It is a cost neutral means to reduce energy bills and carbon footprint of your buildings
• Energy service companies (ESCOs) guarantee a set level of energy savings - therefore financial saving - over a period of years
• This guarantees a future income stream to fund investment in improvements
Insulation Building management technologies
Cooling equipmentLow carbon heating
• If all municipal buildings, schools, universities and hospitals were retrofitted, could save 1m tonnes CO2 and represents 2% of London’s CO2 emissions
65
BEEP
• GLA Building Energy Efficiency Programme
• ESCO performance contracting model
• Revolving fund
• 25% CO2 reduction, £1m savings/year
• Available to other public sector bodies by end 2009• Financing aims to remove up-front capital cost
66
Green500
• Unique combination of carbon management service plus performance based annual awards
• Focus is on continuous, practical improvement in the carbon footprint of the organisation (not goods/ services supplied)
• Set a target, agree a plan, implement the plan, annual assessment
67
Better Buildings Partnership
• Comprising major commercial property owners
• Commits members to remove existing barriers
• Leases
• Agents
• Valuation
• Carbon benchmarks for all members on their London portfolios
• Annual public awards by the Mayor for reaching the agreed benchmark
68
Energy supply
Conversion of existing building stock to CHP / district heating
• Installing or upgrading CHP units located within major hospitals and university campuses, and
• Connecting districting heating networks serving the local community to these CHP unit
• There are 37 NHS Acute Trusts and Foundation Trusts in London, and 21 major universities. Assuming:
– if 50% of these schemes are implemented,
– a C02 saving of up to 232,000 tonnes p.a. may be possible
• Potential schemes are likely to be primarily located in the high heat load density areas of central London
London’s heat load density distribution
(Source: The London Plan)
69
Decentralised energy
• Targeting 25% of London’s energy supply from DE by 2025
• Includes Barking power station CHP (renamed Thames Gateway Heat Network), aiming for first heat delivery in 2011
• Three new areas of focus through LDA Decentralised Energy Delivery Team
London-wide energy masterplanning (2-year programme)
Technical and commercial centre of excellence including borough ‘SWAT team’
Part-financing for specific projects
• Low Carbon Zones – prospectus launched May 2009, winning zones announced Autumn 2009
70
Fuel-poverty needs to be addressed
Levels of Fuel-poverty* in London Boroughs, 2008
71
Energy Master Plan for London
72
Waste
• £2b of £12b London’s energy consumption could be delivered through energy from waste
• 3-year, £84m London Waste and Recycling Board fund-142 bids ranging from £5k to £10m; first disbursements expected September 2009
73
Transport
• Bike hire scheme May 2010; 12 ‘cycling superhighways’ by 2012
• Full hybrid conversion of 8,000 vehicle bus fleet
• LED traffic light conversion underway; street lights?
• Securitising Underground electricity use?
• Electric Vehicle Delivery Plan launched June 2009
• Own fleet: Delivery Plan Autumn 2009, start procurement early 2010 (1,000+ ultra low carbon vehicles)
• International EV procurement initiative with Clinton Foundation
74
Local environment
• 10,000 new street trees
• Air quality action plan by Summer
• Range of urban realm improvements (Exhibition Road, shared space, etc)
• 10% increase in central London green space would stabilise temperatures over the next century
• New London Plan including Green Grid extension, green roofs, further protection for green space
75
Low-carbon economy
• Conservatively 10-15,000 jobs potential; £600m gross value added per annum – most jobs from retrofit
• London USP: financial & business services, academic institutes, VC/cleantech funds
• Opportunities created by Olympics include Olympic Legacy Plan, Green Enterprise District in Thames Gateway
• £100m+ ringfenced for climate change/energy programmes (next 3 years)
• Overarching public/private ‘London Green Fund’ being created
Retrofit Fund Commitments
Retrofit Fund Waste Fund
London Green Fund
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
Banks
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3
Banks
Retrofit Fund Investors Waste Fund Investors
London Green Fund Investors
Financing provided either on a project by project basis or on a programme wide basis
Project Investors
Project level investment could be sought to maximise funds raised – however, this might
lead to over-complication and should be considered by the project managers
London Green Fund Investment Commitments Waste Fund Commitments
The London Green Fund
77
CO2 savings by measure
0.3
PT
driv
er b
ehav
iour
0.4
Nat
iona
l grid
4.4
On-
site
mic
roge
nera
tion
1.5
Bio
mas
s &
w
aste
ene
rgy
CH
P
6.2
Ligh
ting
and
appl
ianc
es
2.1T
herm
al e
ffici
ency
2.2
4.5
0.4
Dom
estic
new
bui
ld
4
6
Car
s bi
ofue
ls &
LC
Vs
2.5S
taff
beha
viou
r ch
ange
Car
s be
havi
our
chan
ge
0.9
Roa
d us
er c
harg
ing
1.5
Fre
ight
mea
sure
s
1.7
Gro
und
base
d av
iatio
n
1.8
PT
LC
Vs,
bio
fuel
s
0.9
PT
infr
astr
uctu
re
ener
gy e
ffici
ency
Bui
ldin
g op
erat
ions
2.8
Ligh
ting
and
appl
ianc
es
3.0
The
rmal
effi
cien
cy
1.81.71.41.72
0
Beh
avio
ural
cha
nge
Com
mer
cial
/ in
dust
rial n
ew b
uild
London on its own
With Government support
Annual million tonnes of CO2 saved (2025)
New Build Domestic Commercial Supply Transport
78
5 The Beautiful City
79
Potters Fields - Before
Potters Fields - After
82
Emissions from Road Lighting
• Estimated that UK has over 5 million road lighting points
• CO2 Emissions for UK 2 million tonnes
• London estimated to account for 12%
• LED street lighting in London could save over 150,000 tonnes CO2 p.a.
83
Press Office City of Munster, Germany
Resource Efficiency
84
85
80 Litres
86
88
Summary
• London has set some challenging targets
• A mix of Interventions is required to deliver these targets
• Varying models of delivery is essential for success
• Cities have the most to do and the most to gain
• All cities are different but the challenges are the same
• We can learn by replicating what is successful and finding the right delivery mechanism to enable action at scale!