Logs Presentation
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Transcript of Logs Presentation
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Chapter 1Introduction
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- relative permeability
- capillary pressure
Drill Cuttings- rock type
- HC indications
- porosity type
mud logs
- drilling rate
- mud properties
- gas analysis
PressureTransient Tests
- reservoir pressure
- permeability and skin- fluid recovery
Cores
Special Core
Analysis
- porosity, permeability
- lithology
- residual fluid saturations
Well Logs- porosity
- lithology
- water saturation- net pay thickness
Seismic
- structure
- gross and net thickness
- porosity
Sources of information
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Mud log Schematic (Halliburton, 1991)
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Mud Log Example
(Western Atlas, 1995)
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Logging While Drilling
Schematic of a typical MWD
Downhole assembly (Halliburton)
Schlumberger EcoScope LWD Tool
ADR (Halliburton)
Schematic of a typical MWD
Downhole assembly (Halliburton)
Schlumberger EcoScope LWD Tool
ADR (Halliburton)
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Logging While Drilling
Comparison of MWD and wireline GR logs (Halliburton)
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Pressure Transient Testing
1000 10000 100000 1000000 100000003500.00
4200.00
4900.00
5600.00
6300.00
7000.00
m = -1.14e+03p* = 10397 psiap1hr = 4766 psia
Pr = 9153 psiak = 0.417 mdS = -1.98Pskin = -1965 psiaFE = 1.37rwa = 2.2 ft
Horner Time Ratio
Pws,ps
ia
Semi -Log Pl ot - Oil Demo #2
0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.00.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
CDe2S = 6.534e-01k = 0.409 mdS = -1.88C = 3.646E-04 bbl/psi
* MATCH
TD/CD and Equivalent Time, hrs
PD/PD'an
dDe
ltaP
;Der
iv(+),
ps
ia
Type Curv es - Oil Demo #2
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Typical Core Analysis Presentation
(Helander, 1983)
Gas
Oil
Oil
Water
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Computer Processed Well Log
OIL
WATER
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Seismic Example
Example of Seismic data showing the correlationbetween the synthetic seismogram (yellow) and the
seismic traces. Hart and Pearson (2000)
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Scale
Order of magnitude
(meters)
Formation Evaluation Technique Objective
106
105
104
Satellite Imagery
Basin Geologic Studies
Seismic, Gravity, Magnetic data
Gross structure
103 Borehole Gravimeter
Ultra long spacing electic logs
Local structure
102
101Pressure transient tests
Wireline formation tests
Productivity and recovery
100
10-1Full diameter cores
Sidewall cores
Conventional well logs (most)
Measurement while drilling
Local values of:
Porosity
Permeability
Lithology
saturations
10-2 Micro-focused logs
Coreplug analysis
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
Cuttings analysis
Core analysis
x-ray mineralogy
SEM, XRD,microprobe
Local hydrocarbon content
Rock properties
Rock & clay typing
Micro-pore structure
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Comparison: log drilling time
Drilling time log (right) correlated with SP-electric log (left)
Helander (1983)
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Waterroductive?
This Miocene sand is condensate productive from 13,060 to 13,104
feet, although the middle one-third of the sand definitely appears to be
water productive. Note the increase in SP and abrupt loss in resistivityat 13,076 feet.
This well was conventionally cored and a 3-foot moving average
permeability curve is plotted in the SP track. The loss in permeability at
13,076 is due to change in grain size and sorting, with no significant
increase in shale content. Because of the change in deposition and
sand quality (permeability) at this depth, the formation water saturation
increases and the log resistivity decreases significantly, but theadditional water is due to increased capillarity and is not producible
water. (Corelab, 1983)
Comparison: log core
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Why Study Well Logs?
abundant supply. Simple and
economic method of acquiring
reservoir information.
continuous and accurate
measurements
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Uses
recognize depositional environments or
other geologic features
correlate and map formations
aid in interpreting seismic data
detect overpressured zones and estimate
fracture gradients
detect ion and est imat ion o f the
po tent ial of hydro carbon zones.
a. o i l -in-p lace
b. reservo i r management
c . reassessment
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Uses Depositional Environments
Western Atlas, 1995
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Uses Geologic structures
Fundamentals of Diplog Analysis, 1987
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Uses Well-to-well correlations
Schematic example of the stratigraphic slice mapping concept.
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Usesdetection of over-pressured zones
Overpressure detection from MZab Basin, Algeria
Schlumberger (1983)
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Usesdetection and estimation of the potential
of hydrocarbon zones
Volumetric equation for oil recovery
)()1(7758RF
oB
wSAh
pN
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How are wireline
measurements obtained?
Design questions
Logging Speed?
Tool length?
Number of logging runs?
Wellbore fluid type and level?
Hole condition?
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Example of GR-LDT-CNL logging tool
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Organization
Fundamental principles of petroleum reservoirs;
includes:
Geology and geophysics
Engineering concepts
Petrophysics: investigation of the physical
properties of rocks and how they relate to
measurable properties.
Fundamental measurement theory of the various
devices
Basic log interpretation principles
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