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The network interface card

NIC or Network Adapter

This device provides the physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media

NIC connects to the computer through expansion slots or built in to the motherboard of the computer

Features Data transmission network Sends data to another computer in the form of bits 0 and 1. Control data flow between computer and cable systems

Equipment is operating at the physical layer

HUB

Features

Any transmission received on one port will be rebroadcast to all the other ports in the hub.

Equipment is operating at the physical layer

Switch

Connects multiple segments of a network together. Rebroadcasts anything it receives on one port to all

the others. The benefit of a switch over a hub is that the switch

increases performance because it doesn’t suffer from the wasted bandwidth of the extra transmissions.

Bridge

Bridge

Network device that connects two similar network segments together.

The primary function of a bridge is to keep traffic separated on both sides of the bridge.

Router

Example for VPN

Virtual: Information within a private network is transported over a public network.

Private: The traffic is encrypted to keep the data confidential.

Features

A network device that connects multiple, often dissimilar, network segments into an internetwork.

Can make intelligent decisions about how best to get network data to its destination

All routers can: Connect dissimilar networks Interpret Layer 3 addressing and other information Determine the best path for data to follow Reroute traffic

Gateways

Gateway allow connection types protocols together For example:

Network of you use protocol IP Network and other network use a protocol IPX, Novell, DECnet, SNA ... or any protocol that you will Gateway convert from this type protocol to them “talk” together.

MODEMS

MODEM – MOdulation-DEModulation

MODEMS

A modem is a device that changes digital data into an analog form for transmission over an analog medium and then back to digital again at the receiving end.

CSU/DSUs

CSU/DSUs

The Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU) is a common device found in equipment rooms when the network is connected via a T-series data connection

Summary

LAYER DEVICES

Application, Presentation, Session No

Transport No

Network Router

Data link Bridges, Intelligent hubs

PhysicalNIC, Repeater,

Concentrator, Hub, connector, MODEM

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