LOGO LOGO Coral Fish Trade - San Diego Miramar...
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LOGO LOGO Coral Fish Trade Coral Fish Trade Abstract The purpose of this review is to show the ecological impacts associated with tropical fish trade. According to Dr. Daniel Thornhill from the Defenders of Wildlife, it is an estimated that between 14 to 30 million of tropical fish and 9 to 10 million of other invertebrates are removed each year from ecosystems across the world to be sold as collectibles for collectors across the globe. In addition to the tropical fish, collectors also request for ornaments so the fish feels like they are in their own habitat. As a result 1.5 million live corals, 4 million pounds of coral skeleton and 65 to 110 thousand pounds of red and black coral are removed each year from ecosystems across the world to supply aquariums and curio/home décor. For this reasons, tropical fish trade has had a destructive effect on not just the diminishing population of tropical fish but as well as the survival of coral reefs . Healthy Coral Community A Dead Coral Community A Death Sentence From the moment one of these beautiful creatures is caught, it is sentence to die and hopefully its journey will not be a long and painful one. Do to the financial state of most of the fisherman, they have to resort to primitive methods to catch these fish.(e.g., Wood 2001a) It is the poor capturing methods with handling and transportation, as well as inadequate facilities with poor water quality that contributes to the high percentage death rate of this animals. In the study of International Seafood Trade, the research shows that in a IMA telephone survey in 1997 reported that mortality rates were at an average of 60% on the east coast, 35% in the Midwest, and 30% on the west coast of the United States during the first three days after their arrival at the stores. These fish are put under a so much stress in there first 40 hours of captivity that most of them do not make a full recovery, and the ones that do make it die within the first couple of years. Treatment Percent Mortality No Handling Control 16.7% Handling Control 25% Stress 25% Stress + Starvation 66.7% Mortality rates under different treatment conditions, adapted from Hall and Bellwood (1995). http://eddie-coral- adventures.blogspot.com/2009_07_01 _archive.html Roofies Like a pill sneaked in a drink, fisherman use Cyanide poison to drug their victims, in this case the defenseless coral fish. In a study done by International Marine life Alliance, the participants noted that cyanide fishing is common practice and it has been reported to been use in at least 15 countries or island territories. Cyanide is used by fisherman as an anesthetic because of its rapid effects on the fish, the chemical travels quickly across their cell membrane temporarily paralyzing the fish. The ease of application and low cost makes this a very lethal and economical method. Cyanide causes unacceptable levels of mortality when use to capture coral fish. Furthermore Cyanide also has a deadly effects to the other fish that come in contact with the chemicals to include coral reefs. The cyanide tablets are first dissolved in a squirt bottle, secondly the fisherman spray the chemical in the area where the fish is swimming or is hiding. Simultaneously the chemical kills coral polyps by disrupting their symbiotic association with the zooxanthellae. Many corals died after just two incidents of cyanide fishing over a period of 4 months in addition to that divers break apart the coral structures to extract the stunned fish Many studies and reports suggest that between 70 to 90% of coral reef fish in the aquarium trade are captured using cyanide. For instance, the Hingco and Rivera study estimated that 70% of aquarium fishers in the Philippines used cyanide to capture their fish even though it is illegal. In the end cyanide is a very deadly poison that is not only killing the fish in the long run but is also destroying the coral reef. Photograph of collector demonstrating the use of cyanide. Image taken from Cervino et al. (2003). What is left over after the cyonide kills the coral reef. http://saveourcorals.wordpress.com/ East vs West Once the fish has made its final destination after traveling across the world, it has to find a permanent home sadly that is not always the case. Invasive species are a primary threat to biodiversity throughout the world (Wilcove et al. 1998, Bax et al. 2001, D’Antonio et al. 2001) and are responsible for large economic losses to the environments where they are released. Do to the fact that there is a lot of irresponsible fish owners, these animals are released at any location where the owner feels like discarding the fish, without a care of how it can affect its new environment. Once invasive species are introduced into a new environment, they are difficult to control and nearly impossible to eradicate. The first non- native marine fishes to establish itself in the Western North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea was the Lionfish. The Lionfish just recently invaded American and Caribbean coasts and consequently, their full impact is yet to be determined. However, their alarmingly rapid spread throughout the eastern Atlantic and Caribbean waters, in addition to their success in their new found environments signify that Lionfish. could have deleterious effects on Atlantic reef ecosystems. Lionfish are good hunters that use their elaborate and intimidating pectoral fins to herd and corner their prey and then attack them with a rapid strike. In a 2010 study, Lionfish were found to consume large numbers of large prey because their physical build and behavior makes the Lionfish a particularly effective predator. A recent study found that Lionfish are capable of removing approximately 79 percent of the prey community on an isolated patch reef. In short, the reason the Lionfish is so successful is because the new environment where this fish is reproducing does not have predators strong enough or properly equipped to fight of the Lionfish. http://blog.oceancaresolutions.com/cat egory/lionfish-first-aid/ http://blog.oceancaresolutions.com/categor y/lionfish-first-aid/ Lionfish When clownfish are collected from the wild, fisherman use dynamite to break the coral reefs so they can have access to the Clown fish. The dynamite kills the reef along with the plants and animals that inhabit it, and the ones that do survive are left without a home. http://www.cineplexbd.com/index.php?visit=movie/deatils&movieid=191 Do to the movie “Finding Nemo” where Marlin, a Clown fish works endlessly to save his son, Nemo, from being trapped in an aquarium. Only added to the real-life problems. Because so many kids wanted to get a bright orange fish that suppliers started overfishing the Clown fish http://www.releasedonkey.com/dvd/finding-nemo-dvd-release-date-1787/still-531869696 Ongoing Battle Coral reefs ecosystems have formed in over 100 countries around the world. These ecosystems reveal that many are under threat or are being degraded as a result of chronic human derived activities like overfishing and pollution. Negative impacts also occur at many remote reefs and natural disturbances may be increasing the damage to coral reefs when superimposed over continuous human deterioration of coral reefs. Many nongovernmental groups have been at the forefront in local implementation of various coral reefs monitoring efforts. These grassroots efforts should be applauded and encouraged. However, long-term nationally and globally coordinated coral reef monitoring programs are essential to manage, archive, translate, and transfer data to scientists, managers, and other interest groups. At the end their efforts are not enough, as a global issue, it needs global attention, meaning that we also have a big responsibility as pet owners and members of this environment to be cautious of our actions and how it affects everyone around us. References Bruckner, A.W. and G. Roberts (editors). 2008. Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-40, Silver Spring, MD 164 pp. Duodoroff P (1980) A critical review of recent literature on the toxicity of cyanides on fish. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, 71 p. Gonzales E & Savaris J 2005. International Seafood Trade: Supporting Sustainable Livelihoods Among Poor Aquatic Resource Users in Asia (EP/R03/014). Hingco TG, Rivera R (1991) Aquarium fish industry in the Philippines: Toward development or destruction. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 22: 249–253. Mebs D (2009) Chemical biology of the mutualistic relationships of sea anemones with fish and crustaceans. Toxicon 54: 1071– 1074. Wood EM (2001a) Collection of reef fish for aquaria: conservation issues and management needs. In: Roberts CM, Hawkins JP, McAllister DE (eds.) Coral reef Fish status report. Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
Transcript of LOGO LOGO Coral Fish Trade - San Diego Miramar...
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Coral Fish TradeCoral Fish Trade
AbstractThe purpose of this review is to show the ecological impacts associated with tropical fish trade. According to Dr. Daniel Thornhill from the Defenders of Wildlife, it is an estimated that between 14 to 30 million of tropical fish and 9 to 10 million of other invertebrates are removed each year from ecosystems across the world to be sold as collectibles for collectors across the globe. In addition to the tropical fish, collectors also request for ornaments so the fish feels like they are in their own habitat. As a result 1.5 million live corals, 4 million pounds of coral skeleton and 65 to 110 thousand pounds of red and black coral are removed each year from ecosystems across the world to supply aquariums and curio/home décor. For this reasons, tropical fish trade has had a destructive effect on not just the diminishing population of tropical fish but as well as the survival of coral reefs.
Healthy Coral Community
A Dead Coral Community
A Death SentenceFrom the moment one of these beautiful creatures is caught, it is sentence to die and hopefully its journey will not be a long and painful one. Do to the financial state of most of the fisherman, they have to resort to primitive methods to catch these fish.(e.g., Wood 2001a) It is the poor capturing methods with handling and transportation, as well as inadequate facilities with poor water quality that contributes to the high percentage death rate of this animals. In the study of International Seafood Trade, the research
shows that in a IMA telephone survey in 1997 reported that mortality rates were at an average of 60% on the east coast, 35% in the Midwest, and 30% on the west coast of the United States during the first three days after their arrival at the stores. These fish are put under a so much stress in there first 40 hours of captivity that most of them do not make a full recovery, and the ones that do make it die within the first couple of years.
Treatment Percent Mortality
No Handling Control
16.7%
Handling Control 25%Stress 25%Stress + Starvation
66.7%
Mortality rates under different treatment conditions, adapted from Hall and Bellwood (1995).
http://eddie-coral-adventures.blogspot.com/2009_07_01_archive.html
Roofies Like a pill sneaked in a drink, fisherman use Cyanide poison to drug their victims, in this case the defenseless coral fish. In a study done by International Marine life Alliance, the participants noted that cyanide fishing is common practice and it has been reported to been use in at least 15 countries or island territories. Cyanide is used by fisherman as an anesthetic because of its rapid effects on the fish, the chemical travels quickly across their cell membrane temporarily paralyzing the fish. The ease of application and low cost makes this a very lethal and economical method. Cyanide causes unacceptable levels of mortality when use to capture coral fish. Furthermore Cyanide also has a deadly effects to the other fish that come in contact with the chemicals to include coral reefs. The cyanide tablets are first dissolved in a squirt bottle, secondly the fisherman spray the chemical in the area where the fish is swimming or is hiding. Simultaneously the chemical kills coral polyps by disrupting their symbiotic
association with the zooxanthellae. Many corals died after just two incidents of cyanide fishing over a period of 4 months in addition to that divers break apart the coral structures to extract the stunned fish Many studies and reports suggest that between 70 to 90% of coral reef fish in the aquarium trade are captured using cyanide. For instance, the Hingco and Rivera study estimated that 70% of aquarium fishers in the Philippines used cyanide to capture their fish even though it is illegal. In the end cyanide is a very deadly poison that is not only killing the fish in the long run but is also destroying the coral reef.
Photograph of collector demonstrating the use of cyanide. Image taken from Cervino et al. (2003).
What is left over after the cyonide kills the coral reef. http://saveourcorals.wordpress.com/
East vs West Once the fish has made its final destination after traveling across the world, it has to find a permanent home sadly that is not always the case. Invasive species are a primary threat to biodiversity throughout the world (Wilcove et al. 1998, Bax et al. 2001, D’Antonio et al. 2001) and are responsible for large economic losses to the environments where they are released. Do to the fact that there is a lot of irresponsible fish owners, these animals are released at any location where the owner feels like discarding the fish, without a care of how it can affect its new environment. Once invasive species are introduced into a new environment, they are difficult to control and nearly impossible to eradicate. The first non-native marine fishes to establish itself in the Western North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea was the Lionfish. The Lionfish just recently invaded American and Caribbean coasts and
consequently, their full impact is yet to be determined. However, their alarmingly rapid spread throughout the eastern Atlantic and Caribbean waters, in addition to their success in their new found environments signify that Lionfish. could have deleterious effects on Atlantic reef ecosystems. Lionfish are good hunters that use their elaborate and intimidating pectoral fins to herd and corner their prey and then attack them with a rapid strike. In a 2010 study, Lionfish were found to consume large numbers of large prey because their physical build and behavior makes the Lionfish a particularly effective predator. A recent study found that Lionfish are capable of removing approximately 79 percent of the prey community on an isolated patch reef. In short, the reason the Lionfish is so successful is because the new environment where this fish is reproducing does not have predators strong enough or properly equipped to fight of the Lionfish.
http://blog.oceancaresolutions.com/category/lionfish-first-aid/
http://blog.oceancaresolutions.com/category/lionfish-first-aid/
Lionfish
When clownfish are collected from the wild, fisherman use dynamite to break the coral reefs so they can have access to the Clown fish. The dynamite kills the reef along with the plants and animals that inhabit it, and the ones that do survive are left without a home. http://www.cineplexbd.com/index.php?visit=movie/deatils&movieid=191
Do to the movie “Finding Nemo” where Marlin, a Clown fish works endlessly to save his son, Nemo, from being trapped in an aquarium. Only added to the real-life problems. Because so many kids wanted to get a bright orange fish that suppliers started overfishing the Clown fish http://www.releasedonkey.com/dvd/finding-nemo-dvd-release-date-1787/still-531869696
Ongoing Battle Coral reefs ecosystems have formed in over 100 countries around the world. These ecosystems reveal that many are under threat or are being degraded as a result of chronic human derived activities like overfishing and pollution. Negative impacts also occur at many remote reefs and natural disturbances may be increasing the damage to coral reefs when superimposed over continuous human deterioration of coral reefs. Many nongovernmental groups have been at the
forefront in local implementation of various coral reefs monitoring efforts. These grassroots efforts should be applauded and encouraged. However, long-term nationally and globally coordinated coral reef monitoring programs are essential to manage, archive, translate, and transfer data to scientists, managers, and other interest groups. At the end their efforts are not enough, as a global issue, it needs global attention, meaning that we also have a big responsibility as pet owners and members of this environment to be cautious of our actions and how it affects everyone around us.
ReferencesBruckner, A.W. and G. Roberts (editors). 2008.
Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-40, Silver Spring, MD 164 pp.
Duodoroff P (1980) A critical review of recent literature on the toxicity of cyanides on fish. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, 71 p.
Gonzales E & Savaris J 2005. International Seafood Trade: Supporting Sustainable Livelihoods Among Poor Aquatic Resource Users in Asia (EP/R03/014).
Hingco TG, Rivera R (1991) Aquarium fish industry in the Philippines: Toward development or destruction. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 22: 249–253.
Mebs D (2009) Chemical biology of the mutualistic relationships of sea anemones with fish and crustaceans. Toxicon 54: 1071–1074.
Wood EM (2001a) Collection of reef fish for aquaria: conservation issues and management needs. In: Roberts CM, Hawkins JP, McAllister DE (eds.) Coral reef Fish status report. Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
