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Transcript of Logistics-Aided Battle Command Planning Presented by: Christopher Matthews...
Logistics-Aided Battle Command Planning
Presented by:
Christopher Matthews
U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC
Fort Monmouth, NJ
Background
Research, Development, Engineering Center (RDEC) RDECOM CERDEC Fort Monmouth, NJ
Command & Control Directorate Command & Control (C2) Transitioning relevant, novel technologies to the
warfighter faster Emphasis on C2 decision-aid software
Development Team 2 Programmers 1 Pseudo-expert on tactical logistics
Logistics Command & Control ATD (LogC2)
Objective Integrate logistics into the maneuver planning process Faster OPTEMPO & reduced logistics footprint Shorten Combat Service Support (CSS) planning times
Products/capabilities Collaborative, cross-functional planning services Optimization tools for increased maneuver
sustainment efficiency Adaptive, predictive consumption models and demand
generation functionality Near real-time running-estimate decision aid software
Dynamic re-planning Execution monitoring
Maneuver Sustainment Planner (MSP)
Develop proof-of-concept prototype Integrate logistic-planning impacts into the maneuver
planning process Develop a detailed logistics plan to support maneuver
operations Model maneuver activities and generate expected logistics
demand as a function of platform, posture, and optempo Showcase dynamic re-planning & execution-monitoring
capability
Evaluate Cougaar and agent benefits for C2 planning
Goals
MSP – Why Cougaar?
Perfect fit for the program Maps elegantly to military force structures Tailored for the planning domain
Essential, core planning capabilities included Crucial plumbing (asynch msging, threading, wf engine) Dynamic replanning & execution monitoring Resource management components
Good design Component-based architecture Loosely coupled cognitive modeling Logical Data Model (LDM)
Rapid software development Amenable to incremental development Substantial Reuse Automated tools & helper programs
Core Functionality
•Import maneuver plan elements
•Develop logistics plan (LogPlan)
•Demand generation modeling for Class III, V, & IX*
•Temporal asset utilization – military units & physical assets
•Utilize dynamic re-planning capability**
•Provide logistic feasibility feedback loop
MSP – Overview
Detailed LogisticsPlan
Maneuver Planning Domain
Plan
MSP
MSP – Approach
Functional analysis & design Agent Enumeration Role/Relationship Analysis Plugin Enumeration Task Grammar Asset/Property Requirements Analysis Execution Monitoring and Dynamic Replanning
Analysis
External system interfaces Databases Maneuver Command & Control (MC2) application MSP Plan Viewer (GUI)
Cougaar Plugin development
MSP – Constraints
No control over the maneuver plan Maneuver Command & Control (MC2) system
Stove-piped system Inaccessible models & methods Large, unwieldy, coarse XML plan data
IMPACT: Atypical Cougaar implementation Short-lived vs. 24x7
IMPACT: Demand generation CASCOM Equipment Usage Profiles (EUP) Identical to MC2
Inability to dynamically add agents IMPACT: A priori knowledge of UTO
Time IMPACT: Reduced functionality
MSP – Developmental Items
GUI Servlet Asset utilization Consumable information Distributed LogPlan and corresponding maneuver
tasks UTO and tables of equipment (TOE)
Planning ontology Task structure Asset classes Property groups Agent roles & relationships
MSP – Results
Objective: Tightly integrate maneuver & logistics planning
Result: primitive feedback to maneuver planning domain Maneuver impacts of LogPlan via “swivel chair”
Risk Area: Interoperability with maneuver application Time-intensive interface development required
Assessment: Moderately successful Can add functionality later
MSP – Results (cont.)
Objective: Develop detailed LogPlan for maneuver sustainment
Result: Accurately modeled class III (fuel) demand generation Successfully demonstrated the collaborative problem-
solving behavior of Cougaar agents to develop a LogPlan
Considerable use of assumptions Risk Area:
Impact of modeled assumptions Generalized scoring functions
Assessment: Highly successful Assumptions can be removed w/ more detailed
modeling or soldier-in-the-loop at critical decision points
MSP – Results (cont.)
Objective: Incorporate dynamic replanning & execution-
monitoring functionality Result:
Dynamic planning demonstrated Simulated execution-monitoring real-time updates Dynamic replanning unfinished
Risk Area: Time Poor planning on our part (prioritization of SW tasks)
Assessment: Fail While execution-monitoring was included, dynamic
replanning is more seductive
MSP – Level of Effort (Cougaar)
Learning Curve 6 MM 23 %
Functional Analysis
12 MM 46 %
Reuse Discovery & Investigation
4 MM 15 %
Graphical User Interface
2 MM 8 %
Test 2 MM 8 %
ActivityEffort
(Man-Months)Distribution
MSP – Agent Interaction
Mvr PlanTask Generator
MilitaryCombat
Units
MilitaryCombat
Units
MilitaryCombat
Units
MilitaryCombat
Units
MilitaryCombat
Units
MilitaryCombat
Units
LogisticsBroker
Maneuver Tasks
RetailRefuel Requests
ForwardSupport
CompanyBase
SupportCompany
WholesaleRefuel Requests
NotionalLogistics
Wholesaler
WholesaleRefuel Requests
Mvr Plan
Allocator
LDM
LDM
Allocator ExpanderAssessor
RetailRefuel Requests
Allocator
Expander Assessor
Allocator
Co C1-8
Infantry
NotionalLogistics
Wholesaler
Allocator
Assessor
Co A1-8
Infantry
Expander
Expander
MSP – Planning Thread
Allocator
? ?
Allocator
Co B1-8
Infantry
Bn 1-8Infantry
LogisticsBroker
Mvr Plan
LDM Allocator
Maneuver TaskGenerator
64 FSBFSC
AbstractAsset
?
?
?
?
?
?
Allocator
64 FSBBSC
UnitInitializat
ion
Maneuver
TaskAllocator
MSP – Task Generation Agent
Mvr Plan
LDMSQL
Expander
Maneuver TaskGenerator
Bn 1-8Infantry
Maneuver Task
TaskListening Role
OrgReport
OrgRTData UTO
LogisticsTask
Allocator
MSP – Maneuver Units
Assets/PropertyGroups
LDMSQL
SubordinateTask Expander
Co A, Bn 1-8Infantry
Subordinate Task
Subordinate Role
Bn 1-8Infantry
Co C1-8
Infantry
NotionalLogistics
Wholesaler
Allocator
Assessor
Co A1-8
Infantry
Expander
Expander
MSP – Planning Thread
Allocator
? ?
Allocator
Co B1-8
Infantry
Bn 1-8Infantry
LogisticsBroker
Mvr Plan
LDM Allocator
Maneuver TaskGenerator
64 FSBFSC
AbstractAsset
?
?
?
?
?
?
Allocator
64 FSBBSC
General Assessment
Cons Large overhead Bandwidth intensive in tactical environment Steep learning curve Time-intensive source code reviews (the reuse issue) Impacts of architecture upgrades Scoring functions
Difficult to assess (apples v. oranges) Difficult to accurately model
Dynamic modification to agent society Some sparse documentation
.DEF file definitions PropertyWriter, AssetWriter, MeasureWriter Complex data types
General Assessment (cont.)
Pros Rapid software development
Provides logical roadmap for application design & development
Ideal for military planning systems Domain independent Open source software Core planning & information management functionality Well documented architecture & developer guides Manageable application development
Incrementally move from general and intricate cognitive models
Configuration management easier Loosely coupled behavioral components
Easy to incorporate real-time planning or running-estimate functionality
Large, knowledgeable support community
Wrap-up
Missed objectives 1st time around… 2nd time around…
Still requires substantial functional analyses investment Reduces time-intensive coding Allows development to focus on this process; the most
important one Vision & conventional wisdom
Can share niche planning communities and services Repositories of reusable components User community temperament
Fear Politics
Success story Crude,limited prototype Cougaar experience & subject matter expertise
MSP – Force Structure Scenario
3 BDE, 4ID
HHC 3 BDE, 1CD 64 FSB 1-12 IN
HHC Co B Co A Co C
1-8 IN
HHC Co BCo A Co C
1-68 AR
HHC Co BCo A Co C
HHC FSCBSC Medical
Force XXI UTO
MSP – Asset Class Hierarchy
Truck
FuelTruck Carrier
SelfPropelledGroudWeapon
AssetSkeleton
LogC2AssetAdapter
LogC2Asset
SelfPropelledGroundVehicle
ClassVIIMajorEndItem Package = org.cougaar.glm.ldm.asset
Package = logc2.assets
All Assets in the logc2.assets packageare machine generated from the logc2props.def
and the logc2assets.def files. All ground vehicleAssets will be of one of the types depicted here.
Open to view LogC2 Vehicle List
This class is hand generated (the onlyone in the package.) This is needed so
That we can add functionality later to all Assets w/o having to mod lots of classes.
CustomerCustomer
SubordinateSubordinate
SuperiorSuperior
ProviderProviderProvider Customer Provider Customer
Subordinate
Superior
MSP – Roles & Relationships
CombatUnit
CombatUnit
Maneuver TaskGenerator
Maneuver TaskGenerator
CombatUnit
CombatUnit
MilitaryUnit
MilitaryUnit
TaskGenerator
TaskListeners
SubordinateSubordinate
SuperiorSuperior
ProviderProviderCombat
UnitCombat
Unit
Maneuver TaskGenerator
Maneuver TaskGenerator
CombatUnit
CombatUnit
MilitaryUnit
MilitaryUnit
TaskGenerator
TaskListeners
ALP Goals
Technical Goals: Distributed agent architecture research Distributed information management research Real-time information fusion research
Functional Goals:
Automated logistics plan generation Real-time logistics situation assessment End-to-end movement control End-to-end rapid supply
UltraLog Goals
Expanding the ALP vision: Military logistics domain Enhance the Cougaar framework
Security – trusted systems under information warfare attacks
Scalability – stability for large, distributed network of agents
Robustness – high state of survivability in chaotic environments
System integration – combining all of above to achieve desired systemic effects
Agent Development Framework
Cognitive Agent Architecture (Cougaar) Darpa initiative
Advanced Logistics Program (ALP) (FY96 – FY01) UltraLog Program (FY01 – FY04)
Features Distributed, large-scale workflow engine Open source Java software Multi-Resolutional Logical Data Model (LDM) Built-in dynamic re-planning & execution-
monitoring capability Asynchronous communication protocol Classic publish/subscribe blackboard Domain independent
Cougaar – The Distributed Plan
Asset
Plan Element(Allocation)
EEstimatedAR
RReported AR
Task
Blackboard
Agent
AssetAsset
TaskTask
Plan Element(Allocation)
EEstimatedAR
RReported AR
Plan Element(Allocation)
EEstimatedAR
RReported AR
Cougaar - Plugins
Allocator
Expander
LDM
Assessor
GUIProvides the web-based front end for viewing activity within society.
Populating society with data from external systems.
Allocates tasks to other agents/assets.
Decomposes tasks into more manageable Subtasks.
Evaluates the projected and actual results of allocated tasks
Cougaar – Re-planning Concept
Dynamic Re-planning & Execution Monitoring
Data Source
Real-Time Data Fusion
Self-Assessment
Allocation Results
Rescinds / Reallocations
Task Allocations
• Negotiate between agents to iteratively improve plan
• Continually recheck assumptions : Constraints, Data, Policies, Metrics
• Updates from data sources as time progresses
Cougaar – Agent behavior
Agent Relationships
Agent Roles
Agent Role RoleBn_1-8_Infantry MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitCo_A_1-8_Infantry MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitCo_B_1-8_Infantry MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitCo_C_1-8_Infantry MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitBn_1-68_Armor MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitCo_A_1-68_Armor MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitCo_B_1-68_Armor MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitCo_C_1-68_Armor MobileRefuelCustomer CombatUnitBase_Support_Company MobileRefuelProvider LogisticsUnitForward_Support_Company MobileRefuelProvider LogisticsUnit
CustomerCustomer
SubordinateSubordinate
SuperiorSuperior
ProviderProviderProvider CustomerProvider Customer
Subordinate
Superior
Cougaar + UltraLog
UltraLog Society
Cougaar
+=
Generic Agent
Generic PlugIns
Specific PlugIns
Domain Agent
• Basic building blocks• Easy to specialize• Domain independent
• Military specific processes• Interfaces to military systems• Specific to Logistics Domain
+ Assessor
ExpanderAllocator
Plan Element - Expansion
Task-1
Subtask-1.2Subtask-1.1
Plan Element(Expansion)
EEstimatedAR
RReported AR
Workflow
Plan Element - Aggregation
Task-1
Task-3
Task-2
Plan Element(Aggregation)
Composition
Plan Element(Aggregation)
Cougaar – Logical Data Model (LDM) Requirements
Support over 6 million items Support efficient transport and distribution of objects Support modification and extension during execution
Principles Based on the properties of objects and not what they are Represent all the properties of assets needed to reason about them
Over a range of granularities Supporting their time-varying nature Refering to specialized properties of assets
Implementation Use prototypes and delegation to reduce classes needed Prototype classes determine the required properties of all instances Related properties are collected in Property Groups Asset instances delegate properties to their Prototype instances
Cougaar – LDM Asset
M978TypeIdentificationPGM978PhysicalPGM978TransportabilityPGM978GroundSelfPropPGM978FuelConsumptionBGM978ContainPGOther PGM978ReliabilityPG
M978TruckPrototype
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Gen-A2709BIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
M208ATypeIdentificationPGM208APhysicalPGM208AElectricGenerationBGM208AFuelConsumptionBGOther PGM208ATransportabilityPGM208AReliabilityPG
M208AGeneratorPrototype
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Truck-T789IdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Truck-T789IdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Truck-T789IdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
ItemIdentificationNomenclature
Truck-T789ItemIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeItemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Gen-A2709BIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Gen-A2709BIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
PrototypeItemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentificationNomenclature
Gen-A2709BItemIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
MaxRatedPowerOutputMaxPowerOutputMethod(temp)StandardVoltageConnections60HzStandardVoltageConnections50HzMaxWaveformDeviation
Gen-A2709BElectricGenerationBG
M978TypeIdentificationPGM978PhysicalPGM978TransportabilityPGM978GroundSelfPropPGM978FuelConsumptionBGM978ContainPGOther PGM978ReliabilityPG
M978TruckPrototype
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Gen-A2709BIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
M208ATypeIdentificationPGM208APhysicalPGM208AElectricGenerationBGM208AFuelConsumptionBGOther PGM208ATransportabilityPGM208AReliabilityPG
M208AGeneratorPrototype
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Truck-T789IdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Truck-T789IdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Truck-T789IdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
ItemIdentificationNomenclature
Truck-T789ItemIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Truck-T789MaintenancePG
PrototypeItemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Truck-789M978Truck
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Gen-A2709BIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
PrototypeitemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentification=Nomenclature=
Gen-A2709BIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
PrototypeItemIdentificationPGMaintenancePGOtherPG
Gen-A2709BMEP-208A Generator
ItemIdentificationNomenclature
Gen-A2709BItemIdentificationPG
MaintenanceLogMaintenanceSchedule
Gen-A2709BMaintenancePG
MaxRatedPowerOutputMaxPowerOutputMethod(temp)StandardVoltageConnections60HzStandardVoltageConnections50HzMaxWaveformDeviation
Gen-A2709BElectricGenerationBG
Cougaar – LDM examples
VIN=“T789”( )
Truck-T7895-Ton Truck
VIN=“T789”( )
Truck-T7895-Ton Truck
VIN=“T789”( )
Truck-T7895-Ton Truck
VIN=“T123”( )
Truck-T1232-1/2 Ton Truck
VIN=“T123”( )
Truck-T1232-1/2 Ton Truck
VIN=“T123”( )
Truck-T1232-1/2 Ton Truck
NIIN=VehicleProp=ContainerProp=OtherProp
Truck<asset>
maxSpeedMPH=fuelUseMPG=fuelType=
VehiclePG<property group>
maxWtSTON=maxVolMTON=
ContainerPG<property group>
Asset Prototypes andProperty Groups
NIIN= 123456789VehiclePropContainProp
2.5-TonTruck<prototype>
MaxSpeedMPH=50FuelUseMPG = 15FuelType=“Diesel”
VehiclePG<instance>
MaxWtSTON= 3.0MaxVolMTON= 2.0
ContainerPG<instance>
NIIN= 123456999VehiclePropContainerProp
5-Ton Truck<prototype>
MaxSpeedMPH=50FuelUseMPG = 13FuelType=“Diesel”
VehiclePG<instance>
MaxWtSTON= 6.0MaxVolMTON= 4.0
ContainerPG<instance>
VIN=“T123”
Truck-T1232.5-Ton Truck
VIN=“T789”
Truck-T7895-Ton TruckVIN=“T770”
ContainerProp
Truck-T7705-Ton Truck
With Long Bed
LDM Classes
AssetInstances
MaxWtSTON= 8.0MaxVolMTON= 6.0
ContainerPG<instance>
References
Barger, Mark, & Wong, Jason. (2004). Cougaar Training Slides.
BBN Technologies. (Version 10.0). (2003). Cougaar Architecture Document.
BBN Technologies. (Version 10.0). (2003). Cougaar Developer’s Guide.
Berliner, Jeffrey, Thome, Michael, & Cerys, Daniel. (2003). Multi-Resolutional Knowledge Representation Using Prototypes and Properties.
“Cougaar Open Source Web Site”, http://www.cougaar.org. “UltraLog Web Site”, DARPA, http://www.ultralog.net/.