Logical Content

Logical Reasoning

Blue Lotus

Topics To Be Discussed

• Family tree

• Codes

• Conditionality and Grouping

• Series

• Direction Sense

• Statement Logic

Family Tree

Introduction• Hierarchical structure of a family.

• It is called as Blood relations problems.

• Identify genders by different notation.

Problem 1There are six members in a family A,B,C,D,E,F who are related to each other. B is F’s daughter-in-law. D is A’s only grand child. C is D’s only uncle. A has only 2 children F and C, one male and one female. E is father of C?

1.Who is the grand mother of D?

2.How many males and females are present?

Family tree

• A is the grand mother of D

• There are 3 males and 3 females in the family.

Problem 2

A is B’s sister. C is the father of B and D is the

mother of A. F is B’s child. F’s father is G. How is G

related to A?

Family treeAnswer:

• As A and B are sisters and G is the husband of B we

can easily find the solution.

• G is A’s brother in law.

Problem 3A,B,C,D,E,F. out of these we have 2 married couples. E is a teacher married to a doctor who is mother of C and F. B is a lawyer married to A. A has one son and one grand son. Of the two married ladies, one is housewife. We have one student and one male engineer. How is A related to C?

Who is a housewife?

Family treeAnswer:

•A is C’s Grandmother.

•Housewife in a family is also A.

Problem 4

Showing a photograph Asha said “He is the

brother of only daughter of my mother" and

asked how is she related to him.

(Wipro 2008).

Family Tree

Answer: She is pointing at her brother.

Problem 5A family has 7 members – 4 men and 3 women. They are L, M, N, O, P, Q, R. M is businessman and father of P. Q is doctor and paternal grandfather of P. N is Housewife and daughter in law of O. R is P’s uncle and an advocate. N is not P’s mother. O is not married to M. We have 3 married couples in the family, one architect, one pilot and a journalist too.i. If Q is the grandfather of pilot. What is his daughter

in law’s profession?ii. If O is the pilot and the journalist is not a female then what is P’s profession?

iii.Find the male members in that family?

Family treeAnswer:

i) Cannot find

ii) Journalist

iii) QMRP

Problem 6

A man shows his friend a woman sitting in a park and

says “She is the daughter of my grandmother's only

son”. What is the relation between the two members?

(Infosys)

Family tree

Answer:

Daughter

Problem 7

Ram is the brother of shyam and Mahesh is the father of

Ram. Jagat is the brother of Priya and Priya is the

daughter of Shaym. Who is the uncle of Jagat?

Family tree

Answer:

Ram

Problem 8A, B, C, D, E and F is a group of six persons of a

family. The number of gents is the same as the number

of ladies. A and E are sons of F. D is the mother of Two

children of whom one is a boy and the other is a girl. B

is the son of A. in this group there is only one pair of

married persons.

Problem 81. Find females in the family?

2. Who is the uncle of C?

3. Who is the husband of D?

4. Who are all the children of D?

5. Who is the grand daughter of F?

Family treeAnswer:

1.CDF

2. E

3. A

4. BC

5. C.

Problem 9A family consists of five members A, B, C, D and E. E has two sons and unmarried daughter and a daughter – in – law. The daughter in law is an officer and her brother in law A is an engineer. C is a doctor. The sister of B is a violinist who has learned to play violin from B’s wife?

Who is the daughter of E?How is A related to D?Who is the wife of B?

Family tree

Answer:

1. C

2. A is the brother in law of D

3. D.

Problem 10Looking at a portrait of a man, Harsh said, “His mother is the wife of my father’s son. Brothers and sisters I have none”. At whose portrait was Harsh looking?

Family treeAnswer:

His Son

Problem 11

Rahul told Anand, ‘Yesterday I defeated

the only brother of the daughter of my

grandmother’. Whom did Rahul defeat?

Family treeAnswer:

Father

Problem 12

Deepak said to Nitin, “that boy playing

with the football is the younger of the two

brothers of the daughter of my father’s

wife”. How is the boy playing football

related to Deepak?

Family treeAnswer:

Brother

Problem 13

Neelam, who is Deepak’s daughter, says to

Deepika, “your mother Rekha is the

younger sister of my father who is the third

child of Ramlal”. How is Ramlal related to

Deepika?

Family treeAnswer:

Grandfather

Problem 14A is the son of B. C, B’s sister has a son D and a daughter E. F is the maternal uncle of D.1.How is A related to D?2.How is E related to F?3.How many nephews does F have?

Family treeAnswer:

1. Cousin2. Niece3. Two

Problem 15Shobha is the niece of Ashish. Ashish’s mother is Priya. Kamala is Priya’s mother. Kamala’s husband is Hari. Krishna is the mother – in – law of Hari. How is Shobha related to Hari?

Family treeAnswer:

Great Granddaughter

Introduction• Codes may be numerical or alphabets.

• To decode – find the format of arrangement.

• The arrangement can be any one of the following

1. Reversed order

2. Gaps in between

3. +1and-1 format

4. Tree format

Problem 1

The term FIRE is coded as DGPC, then

how will SNOW be coded as?

CodesAnswer:

SNOW can be coded as QLMU.

Problem 2

SIKKIM is coded as THLJJL. Then how

will TRAIN be coded as?

CodesAnswer:

TRAIN can be coded as UQBHO

Problem 3In a certain code ‘Hit Bit Mit’ means ‘Git Rim Nit’

‘Sit Pit Mit’ means ‘Lit Git Tit’ and ‘Fit Zit Pit’

means ‘Dit Vit Tit’. What does Sit stand for in that

code language?

CodesAnswer:

Sit coded as Lit

Problem 4

If DIAMOND is “ VQYMKLV”, FEMALE is _____

CodesAnswer:

FEMALE will be coded as TUMYNU.

Problem 5

If the word VIOLENCE is coded as EVCINOEL. Find

the code for SEPARATE?

(Wipro 2008)

CodesAnswer: :

ESTEAPRA

Problem 6

If the word "CODING" is represented as

DPEJOH , then the word "CURFEW" can

be represented?

(MBT)

CodesAnswer:

dvsgfx

Problem 7

If "segment" is coded as rffndou, what is the code for “ritual”.

(Wipro)

CodesAnswer

qhutbk

Problem 8

? : BGLQ : : YDIN : VAFK (Wipro)

CodesAnswer:

EJOT

Problem 9In a certain code each letter is coded asA = D, B=E, C=F

What is the code for SHOOT?

(BAAN)

CodesAnswer:

VKRRW

Problem 10

If DBMDVUUB = CALCUTTA Then BOMBAY = ?

(BAAN)

CodesAnswer:

ANLAZX

Problem 11

In a certain code, TRIPPLE is written as

SQHOOKD. How DISPOSE can be written

in that code?

CodesAnswer:

CHRONRD

Problem 12

If the word PEARL is written as MBXOI,

then how the word DIAMOND would be

written in that code?

CodesAnswer:

AFXJLKA

Problem 13

In a certain code, SOLVED is written

as LOSVDE. How WEIGHT will be

written in that code?

CodesAnswer:

IEWGTH

Problem 14

If in a language INDIA is coded as

JMEHB then in that language

SOURAV will be coded as ?

CodesAnswer:

TNVQBU

Problem 15

In a certain code DUPLICATE is

written as MRVFJFVBE. How is

CARTOUCHE written in that code?

CodesAnswer:

UTBEPFJDW

Number Coding•The one done before was alphabet coding now it is number coding.

•The usual format of coding is we follow the some steps as given below;

1. Coding starts from certain digit.2. Coding in some series3. Coding in the same numbers

Problem 1

If Z=52 and ACT=48 what is BAT=?

Number coding

Answer:

A=2 B=4 C=6……Z=52

A+C+T=2+6+40=48

B+A+T=4+2+40=46

Problem 2

FEED is coded as 6554, what will

BREAD be coded as?

Number codingAnswer:

FEED = 6554

BREAD = 218514

Problem 3

In certain code ‘Do not touch’ is 75 46

20, and Please do come is ’64 8 75’.

What is the code for touch?


Do = 75Not =46Touch = 20Please = 64Do = 8Come = 75So touch = 20.

Problem 4

If in a certain code BEAUTIFUL is coded

as 573041208, BUTTER as 504479, how is

FUTURE coded in that code?


204097

Problem 5

ENGLAND is written as 1234526 and

FRANCE as 785291. How will GREECE

be written? (Infosys)


381191

Problem 6

If in a certain code "RANGE" is coded as 12345 and

"RANDOM" is coded as 123678, then the code for

the word "MANGO" would be?

(MBT & Wipro)

Number CodingAnswer:

82543

Problem 7If the word FADENCOMT equals

345687921 then

1. What is FEAT?

2. Find representation of 2998? (Wipro)


1. 3641

2. MOON

Problem 8

If Raman is written as 12345 and Dinesh

as 675894, how will Mahaan be written?


324225

Problem 9

If H = 8, HE = 13, then “Hen” will be equal to?

Number CodingAnswer :

HEN = 27

Problem 10

If “Rose” is coded as 6821, “Chair” is

coded as 73456 and “Preach” is coded

as 961473, what will be the code for

“search” ?


214673

Problem 11

In certain code RAIL is written as

5796 and TAPE is written as 3748.

how is PAIR written in that code?


4795

Problem 12

In a certain code language, GRAPE is

written as 27354 and FOUR is written

as 1687. How is GROUP written in

that code?


27685

Problem 13

If FEED is coded as 4, what will be the

code for BREAD?


30/5 = 6

Problem 14

If MACHINE is coded as 19-7-9-14-

15-20-11, how will you code

DANGER?


10 -7-20-13-11-24

Problem 15

If MASTER is coded as 411259, then

POWDER will be coded as?

Number CodingAnswer:P- 16/9 = 7, O = 15/9 = 6 (remainder)

765459

Conditionality And Grouping

Introduction• Conditions are given based on which the

action takes place.

• There are four basic conditions.

• Based on them the decisions are made.

• Based on this conditions the groups are formed.

Conditions• If A occurs then B also will occur

• If A occurs then B will not occur

• If A has not occurred then B will occur

• If A has not occurred then B also will not occur

Problem 1From a group of 6 boys A,B,C,D,E,F and 5 girls L,M,N,O,P a group of 6 is to be selected based on the following conditions:

1.O and P have to be together2.C cannot go with O3.A and D have to be together4.D cannot go with L5.C and M have to be together6.Band N have to be together7.B and E cannot be together

Contd..

Problem 11. If the team consists of four girls the members of the

team are:

i) BELNOP ii) EFLNOP iii) BFLNOP

2. If the team consist of 5 boys and 1 girl that girl would be:

i) L ii) M iii) N iv) O

Conditionality and grouping

Answer:

• D and A cannot be there. So (iii)BFLNOP

• If B is selected 2 girls M and N have to be selected. So B is rejected and M is selected.

Problem 2There are 5 students who go for a trip (A,B,C,D,E).

Only 3 are selected from the 5 for next trip who are

they?

1.If A goes B,C cannot join

2.B goes D also goes

3.E is always with A

4.C does not join E

Conditionality and grouping

Answer:

As given it can be inferred that the only possible

combination is BCD.

Problem 3Coach balkishan is trying to put together a team of four players

for a tennis tournament. He has seven players available: males

A, B, C and females M,N, O and P. All players are of equal

ability, and there must be at least two males in the team. For a

team of four, all players must be able to play with each other

player.

Cont…

Problem 3Player B cannot play with player M, player C cannot play with player P, player M cannot play with player O.

1.If player O is selected and player B is rejected, the team will consist of which foursome?

2.If player M is in the team, which other players must be in the team as well?

Conditionality and Grouping

Answer:

1. A, C, P and O.

2. A, C and N.

Problem 4From amongst 5 boys P, Q, R, S,T and 4 girls A, B, C, D a team of five should be selected. Conditions given:

a)P and S are to remain together.b)Q cannot remain together with B or Cc)R and A have to remain together.d)T cannot remain with A or D.

Cont…

Problem 41. If Q is selected, then the other members are?

a) APRS b) ADRS c) BCPT d) ABCDR

2. If three members are girls the team is?

a) ABCRT b) ACDRS c) BCDRS d) ABCDR

3. If the four members are to be boys and one member is A, then the remaining members of the team are?

a) BCPST b) ABPRS c) CDPRS d) ACPRS


Answer:

1. APRS

2. BCDPS

3. PQRS

Problem 52 collectors, Frank and Gloria are each selecting a group of three wildlife prints from a group of 7 prints T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z. No print can be in both groups. The selections made by Frank and Gloria are subject to the following restrictions.

a)If U is in Frank’s group, W must be in Gloria’s groupb)If X is in Frank’s group, Z must be in Gloria’s group.c)T and Z cannot be in the same group.d)W and Y cannot be in the same group. Cont…

Problem 51. If X is in Frank’s group, of the following could be in

Gloria’s group excepta) T b) U c) V d) W e) Z

2. Which of the following pairs of groups selected by Frank and Gloria conform to the restrictions?a) Fr – TUV Gl - WXY b) Fr - TUZ Gl – VWXc) Fr – UXZ Gl – TWY d) Fr – VWX Gl – UYZ

3. If U is in Frank’s group, which of the following is true?a) T must be in Frank’s group b) Y must be in Frank’s group c) Y cannot be in Frank’s group


Answer:

1. a) T

2. d) Fl – VWX Gl – UYZ

3. C) Y cannot be in Gloria’s group.

Problem 6Mr. Pict must accommodate seven tour group passengers in two four – person cabins on the S.S. Gallia. Each passenger in a cabin must be able to converse with at least one passenger, though not necessarily in the same language•A, an Etruscan, also speaks Gothic and Hittite •B and F are Hittites and speak only that language•C, an Etruscan also speaks Gothic•D and G are Goths and speak only Gothic•E, an Etruscan also speaks Hittite•Hittites refuse to share rooms with Goths Cont…

Problem 61. Which combinations of passengers in one of the cabins will

result in a rooming arrangement that satisfies all conditions for both cabins?

a. B, C, F b. D, E, Gc. A, D, E, Gd. C, D, E, G e. A, B, C, F

2. Which cannot be true, given the conditions as stated? I. C cannot room with A II. Any cabin containing three persons must include A III. E must always room with a Hittite

a. I only b. II only c. I and III only d. II and III onlye. I, II, III

Problem 63. How many different combinations of

cabin mates satisfy all conditions? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6


Answer:

1. D

2. E

3. C

Problem 7From amongst six boys A, B, C, D, E and F and five

girls P, Q, R, S and T, a team of six is to be selected under the following conditions:

i) A and D have to be together.ii) C cannot go with S.iii) S and T have to be together.iv) B cannot be teamed with E.v) D cannot go with P.vi) B and R have to be together.vii) C and Q have to be together. Cont….

Problem 71. If there be five boys in the team, the lone girl

member is?2. If including P, the team has three girls, the member

are?3. If four members have to be girls, the members of the

team are?4. If the team including C consist of four boys, the

members of the team other than C are?


Answer:

1. Q

2. B C F Q R

3. B F P R S T

4. A B D Q R

Problem 8There are five men A, B, C, D and E and six women P,

Q, R, S, T and U. A, B and R are advocates; C, D, P, Q and S are doctors and the rest are teachers. Some teams are to be selected from amongst these eleven persons subject to the following conditions;

i) A, P and U have to be togetherii) B cannot go with D or R.iii) E and Q have to be togetheriv) C and T have to be togetherv) D and P cannot go togethervi) C cannot go with Q. Cont…

Problem 81. If the team is to consist of two male advocates, two

lady doctors and one teacher, the members of the team are?

2. If the team is to consist of one advocate, two doctors, three teachers and C may not go with T, the members of the team are?

a) A E P Q S U b) A E P Q T U c) B E Q S T U3. If the team is to consist of one advocate, three

doctors and one male teacher, the member of the team are?


Answer:

1. A B P U S2. b) A E P Q T U3. D E Q R S

Problem 9A team of 3 reporters is to be chosen from amongst two

groups. M, N, O and P are the members of the group x whereas ABC are the members of the group Y. the selected team just have one member from each group. In addition

i) O refers to work unless A worksii) If M works only then B worksiii) C will not work if M worksiv) If O does not work, M will not work Cont…

Problem 91. Which of the following teams cannot be selected?a) M O A b) M B C c) N P C d) None of these2. Which of the following cannot work with M?a) N b) O c) P d) A3. A team having B and C will also have,a) Only N b) Only O c) N, O and P d) O and P4. If A is the member of the team who others will be in

the team?a) A B b) O M c) P C d) N B


Answer:

1. b) M B C2. a) and c) {N and P }3. a) Only4. b) O M


Company plan to do a new project which is consist of 2 engineers, 3 managers and 1 executives from 4 engineers ( A B C D), 5 managers ( P Q R S T ), 3 executive ( X Y Z).i)Engineer A does not work with P and Xii)Manager S and Executive Y work togetheriii)Engineer B does not work with manager Tiv)Manager Q does not work with manager Sv)R works with Z, X works with Qvi)B and D remains togethervii)D does not work with Q and T Cont….


1. State the possibilities of forming team?

2. Who must be there in the team what ever

may be the possibilities?


Answer:

1. i) A C R S T Y ii) B D P R S Y

2. R & Y

Series

Introduction• Series involves the numbers or alphabetic, that are

arranged in a particular sequence.

• The sequence can be any of the following;1.ascending2.descending3.gap4.squares and cubes5.+/- order series

Problem 1

Fill in the series 13,32,24,43,35, __,

46, 65,57,76

SeriesAnswer:

54

Problem 2

Fill in the series 4,6,12,14,28,30 ___?

Series

Answer:

60

Problem 3

Fill in the series 9,12,11,14,13,_,15

SeriesAnswer:

16

Problem 4

NLO : RPS : : ? : ZXA

(Wipro)

SeriesAnswer:

VTW

Problem 5

90,180,12,50,100,200,___ 3,50,4,25,2,6,30,3

SeriesAnswer :

150

Problem 6

5, 20, 24, 6, 2, 8, __

(Infosys)

SeriesAnswer:

12 (5*4=20, 20+4=24, 24/4=6, 6-4=2, 2*4=8,

8+4=12).

Problem 7

0, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 17, 24, 26,__

(MBT)

SeriesAnswer:

35

Problem 8

___, ayw, gec, mki, sqo

(MBT)

SeriesAnswer:

usq

Problem 9

2, 5, 9, 19, 37,__

(MBT)

SeriesAnswer:

75

Problem 10

4, 11, 30, 67, __

(TCS)

SeriesAnswer:

128

Problem 11

4832, 5840, 6848……

SeriesAnswer:Add 1008 = 6848 + 1008 = 7856

Problem 12Find the number which is not matched properly in the above series?

1, 3, 5, 10, 17, 26…..a) 10 b) 17 c) 3 d) 26

SeriesAnswer:

C) 3

Problem 13

13, 32, 24,43,35, ?, 46, 65

SeriesAnswer:13, 24, 35, 46….( added with 11)32, 43, 54, 65…..( added with 11) = 54

Problem 14

8, 9, 8, 7, 10, 9, 6, 11, 10, ?, 12….

SeriesAnswer:

8 9 8 7 10 9 6 11 10 ? 12 = 5 ( add 1 in each)

Problem 15

2/ √5, 3/5, 4/5√5…..

SeriesAnswer:

= 1/5

Direction Sense

Introduction• This gives the path followed to reach the required

destination.• The basic thing necessary here is the

NORTH,SOUTH,EAST,WEST directions to find the path.

N

S

W E

Problem 1

A travels a distance of 5km north and then he travels

8km east then he travels 6km north and then he

travels 2km south. So where is he from the start?

Direction Sense

Answer:

The direction is NE.

Problem 2

If Ram travels 5km by walk towards north and 6 km

west by cycle and 11km south by bike and 22km east by

car. Where is he from start?

Direction Sense

Answer:

He is in SE direction.

Problem 3The door of my house faces east. I walk from my back door

100 m, then right and walk 100 m and turn left and walk

50m and reach a point X. In which direction am I from the

starting point?

Direction senseAnswer:

North West

Problem 4A child is looking for his father. He went 90m in the east before turning

to his right. He went 20m before turning to his right again to look for

his father at his uncle’s place 30m from his point. His father was not

there. Form there, he went 100m to his north before meeting his father

in a street. How far did the son meet his father from starting point?

Direction sense

Answer :

100 metres

Problem 5

In a room 4 persons are there like A,B,C,D. A

is to the east of B, B is to the north of C, C is to

the west of D, and D is to the south of A. Then

how C is directed to A?

(Accenture 2007)

Direction SenseAnswer :

Northeast

Problem 6

A man walks east and turns right and then

from there to his left and then 45 degrees to

his right. In which direction did he go?

(Infosys)

Direction SenseAnswer:

North west

Problem 7A person travels 6km towards west, then travels 5km

towards north, then finally travels 6km towards west.

Where is he with respect to his starting position?


13km northwest

Problem 8

A starts from his office and walks 3 km towards north.

He then turns right and walks 2km and then turns right

and walks 5km then turns right and walks 2 km and then

again turns right and walks 2 km. In which direction is

he from the starting point?


South

Problem 9

A’s office is situated 5 km North from B’s office. B

starts from his office and walks 2 km towards A’s

office. He then turns right and walks 3 km and then

turns and walks 3 km. To which direction will he turn

to reach A’s office?


East Direction

Problem 10

Pradeep walks 10 metres westward, then turns left and

walks 10 mtrs. He then again turns left and walks 10

mtrs. He takes a 45 degree turn rightwards and walks

straight. In which direction is he walking now?


West

Problem 11

I am facing east. I turn 100 degree in the clockwise

direction and then 145 degree in the anticlockwise

direction. Which direction am I facing now?


North - East

Problem 12Radha moves towards South east a distance of 7 m, then

she moves towards west and travels a distance of 14 m.

From here, she moves towards North west a distance of

7 m and finally she moves a distance of 4 m towards

East and stood at that point. How far is the starting point

from where she stood?


= 10 metres

Problem 13One evening before sunset two friends Sumit

and Mohit were talking to each other face to

face. If Mohit’s shadow was exactly to his

right side, which direction was sumit facing?


South

Problem 14

If south – east becomes North, North –

east becomes West and so on, what

will West become?


South - east

Problem 15Lokesh’s school bus is facing North when it reaches his

school. After starting from Lokesh’s house, it turns right

twice and then left before reaching the school. What

direction was the bus facing when it left the bus stop in

front of Lokesh’s house?


West

Statement logicsAnalysis and interpretation of data in the statements are necessary

This helps in inferring the answers

Types:

1) Conclusions

2) Assumptions

3) Arguments

Statement-ConclusionsIn question has a statement and two conclusions. Analyse the conclusions and give answers.

a) if conclusion 1 followsb) if conclusion 2 followsc) if neither 1 nor 2 follows.d) both 1 and 2 follows

Example 1Statement: Quality has a price tag. India is allocating lot of funds for education

Conclusions:

1)Quality of education in India would improve soon

2) Funding alone can enhance Quality of education

Example 2Statement: No new taxes are proposed in the revised

budget.

Conclusions:

1)The country has a balanced economy.

2) The country has a surplus

Example 3Statement: No country is self-sufficient in absolute

terms in the present era.

Conclusions:

1) It is not possible to grow and produce all the things that a country needs.

2) Efficiency of people has decreased worldwide.

Example 4Creating employment opportunities is the best way to make people out of poverty in India.

Conclusions:

1)Unemployment is a cause of poverty in India

2) Employment opportunities are few and far in India

Example 5It cannot be done

Conclusions:

1) It is impossible

2) We can do nothing

Statement- Arguments

Each questions given below has 1 statement and two arguments.we should decide which of the arguments is strong

Give answer:a)If only 1 is strongb)If only 2 is strongc)If neither 1 or 2 is strongd)If both 1 and 2 is strong

Example 1Should Private sector be permitted to operate telephone services?

Arguments:

1)Yes, they are operated in advanced western countries

2) No, It is risky to put them in private hands

Example 2Should the political parties be banned?

Arguments:

1) Yes, it is necessary to teach a lesson to the politicians

2) No, it will lead to an end of democracy

Example 3Traditional culture is better than the new culture.

Arguments:

1) Both have their good points as well as weak points.

2) The new culture is ruining society.

Example 4Every institution should be state – owned.

Arguments:

1) It will kill private enthusiasm.

2) People will not be serious to work hard.

Example 5Should there be one government for the whole

world?Arguments:

1) Yes, it will lead to a better control of wars in the world.

2) No, because the weaker nations will be devoured by the strong nations.

Statement- Assumptions Each question contains 1 statement and 2 assumptions. Check the data and answer.

Give answer:

a) If only 1 implicit b) If only 2 implicit c) Both 1 and 2 implicit d) Neither 1 nor 2 implicit

Example 1Statement: The pen is mightier than the sword

Assumptions:

1) The pen is made up of stronger metal than the sword

2) The power of the mind is much stronger than brute physical power

Example 2Statement: Go and get the file, an officer orders his subordinate

Assumptions:

1) The file is confidential2) The subordinate knows where the file is

Example 3Statement: One can't get to the top overnight.

Perseverance and patience are required.

Assumptions:

1) People aim to get to the top.2) Sustained efforts can get one to the top.

Example 4Statement: If you are beautiful we will catch your

beauty. If you are not beautiful, we will make you look beautiful.

-Advertisement of a photo- studioAssumptions:

1) People like to be considered beautiful.2) A photograph can make one look beautiful

even if the person is not so.

Example 5Statement: Happiness is to be shared. Unhappy people

suffer.

Assumptions:

1) Unhappy people share sufferings.2) Happy people do not suffer.

Logical Content

Documents

Transcript of Logical Content