S.1 Spacecraft Propulsion Systems Chapter 1: Introduction to
Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company · 2014-10-15 · Types of Spacecraft Propulsion Spacecraft...
Transcript of Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company · 2014-10-15 · Types of Spacecraft Propulsion Spacecraft...
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Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company
Aerospace Sector Research and Development Drivers
Brett Tobey Chief Engineering Director
Civil Space Line of Business
John Henderson Corporate Fellow – Propulsion
November 29, 2012
© 2012 Lockheed Martin Corporation. All Rights Reserved
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Space Propulsion
John Henderson
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Space Systems Company’s (SSC) Portfolio
Civil Space Military Space Special Programs
Advanced Technology Center Commercial Ventures Strategic & Missile Defense
SSC’s Space Portfolio Integrates a Vast Array of Technologies
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Non-Rocket Propulsion Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Cryogenic Storable
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed
gas) Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion Non-Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Cryogenic Storable
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed
gas) Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
Solar Sails Tethers
Photo/artwork Credit - NASA 5
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Storable Cryogenic
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed gas)
Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
Non-Rocket Propulsion
Solid Hypergolic Cryogenic
Photo Credit - NASA 6
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Storable
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Cryogenic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed gas)
Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
Non-Rocket Propulsion
EHT Arcjet
Photo Credit - Aerojet 7
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Storable
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Cryogenic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed gas)
Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
Non-Rocket Propulsion
Cold Gas Thruster System
Photo Credit - NASA 8
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Storable
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Cryogenic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed gas)
Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
Non-Rocket Propulsion
Nuclear Concept Solar Thermal Concept
Artwork Credit - NASA 9
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Types of Spacecraft Propulsion
Spacecraft Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion
Chemical Propellant
Solid Liquid
Monopropellants Bipropellants
Storable
Hypergolic Non-Hypergolic
Cryogenic
Added Energy Source
Cold Gas (compressed gas)
Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Solar Energy
Augmented Chemical Propellant
Monopropellant with electrical Augmentation
Electrothermal Hydrazine Thrusters
Arcjets
Non-Rocket Propulsion
Ion Thruster Hall Effect Thruster
Photo Credit - NASA 10
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Electric Propulsion Missions
Communication Platform Stationkeeping
GEO Transfer Orbit Completion
Exploration of the Asteroids
• All Electric Propulsion Platforms
Electric Propulsion Cargo Vehicles
Exploration of the Solar System
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•
Limitations in thrust has discouraged the more widespread use of these systems
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Critical Technologies for EP
• High Power Generation
High Power Conditioning and Control
Thermal Control Technologies
High Thruster/Specific Impulse Engines
High Temperature Materials
Engine Plume Control Technologies
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•
•
•
•
Technology Rich Territory for Near Term Advances in EP
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Model Based System Design Integration
Brett Tobey
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One of SSC’s Key Engineering Challenges:
Addressing Complexity and Delivering Affordability
Technology Advances have Blurred the
Line Between Hardware and Software
through the use of devices like FPGAs
While complexity is on the rise,
our customers are demanding
more affordable products and
solutions in less time.
Cost $
Performance
Co
mp
lex
ity
Aff
ord
ab
ilit
y
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Model Based Enterprise
Strategic Initiative:
Today: Document driven, loosely connected modeling and simulation efforts, labor intensive integration
Future: Highly integrated data sets, tightly coupled modeling and simulation
efforts , efficient system integration
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Model Based Enterprise
Digital Data Integration:
Virtual Validation
Integrated Production
Simulation Proven Deployment
Concept Definition
Requirements Management
Design Collaboration
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Model Based Enterprise
Spiral Development Strategy:
Elements: MBE Capabilities to
Address Strategic
Enterprise Wide
Objectives
Infrastructure: Phased Capability
Insertion of MBE
Expertise, Processes,
Tools, and Training
Implementation: Ongoing MBE
Projects Focused
on Program Needs
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SysML: Enables a New Level of
Mission Engineering and Design Integration
System Architecture Model (SAM) :
• A well defined SAM is the loom that weaves the many threads of digital information together. • The SAM helps link requirements to logical and behavioral design. • Requirements can be fed into increasingly detailed levels of domain specific modeling. • By viewing the SAM as the hub of the digital tapestry, an integration pattern emerges enabling cross-domain connectivity with a minimal set of required integrations.
F=ma
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DSR 4
SSC’s Mechanical CAD Future,
3D Model as Digital Record-of-Authority
Fully Dimensioned Drawing
Data Set Rating (DSR) 1
Drawings are sole
source for design data
Reduced Dimension Drawing Data
Set
Models are source for
geometry data, drawings
for all else
Model-Only Data Set
DSR 6
Models are sole source
for design data
Model Centric Mechanical Engineering 19
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0%
100%
SSC’s Future in Virtual Manufacturing,
Virtual Creation before Physical Creation
Visualization enables effective and early Engineering, Manufacturing,
and Production collaboration
Resource
Process
Product
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MBE
Design Physical
Build Physical
Test/V&V Delivery
Early Late
Virtual Re-work
Low High
Design Physical
Build Physical
Test/V&V Delivery
Early Late Problems Found
Low High Cost of Re-work
Physical Re-work
Problems Found
Cost of Re-work
$$$
$
Virtual Integration
Virtual Test/V&V
Virtual Systems Integration & Test,
Drive Out Engineering Errors Early
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