LocationLocationSparta Sparta

South-central South-central region of region of Greece known Greece known as the as the PeloponnesusPeloponnesus

AthensAthens

Located Located northeast of northeast of Sparta on the Sparta on the Aegean Sea Aegean Sea

CitizenshipCitizenshipSparta Sparta

Only Only aristocratsaristocrats were citizenswere citizens

HelotsHelots and and perioeci perioeci were were NOT citizensNOT citizens

AthensAthens 750 B.C. Athenian 750 B.C. Athenian nobles, nobles,

merchants, and manufacturers merchants, and manufacturers took over the governmenttook over the government

594 B.C. 594 B.C. SolonSolon prepared a prepared a constitution that broke the constitution that broke the politicalpolitical power of the richpower of the rich-he offered -he offered citizenshipcitizenship to artisans to artisans who were not Athenianswho were not Athenians

560 B.C. 560 B.C. Pesistratus Pesistratus stated that a stated that a person no longer had to person no longer had to own land own land to be a citizen.to be a citizen.

Athenian males became Athenian males became citizenscitizens at at 18 years old.18 years old.

MilitaryMilitarySparta Sparta

Greatest Greatest militarymilitary power in Greecepower in Greece

Only goalOnly goalto be to be MILITARY STRONGMILITARY STRONG

KingsKings led the army led the army Spartan boys were Spartan boys were

sent to live in sent to live in military military camps camps when they when they were sevenwere seven

AthensAthens Army and Army and navynavy TriremesTriremes: : warships warships

that had 3 levels or that had 3 levels or rowers, one above the rowers, one above the otherother

Delian LeagueDelian League-common navy-common navy

Played a role in the Played a role in the PersianPersian Wars Wars

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

Ruled by a Ruled by a kingking at first at first

750 B.C., Athenian 750 B.C., Athenian noblesnobles, , merchantsmerchants, , and and manufacturersmanufacturers took over the took over the governmentgovernment

OligarchyOligarchy

Changes in governmentChanges in government1. 1. DracoDraco tried to change the government tried to change the government but failed because his but failed because his punishmentspunishments were were too harshtoo harsh

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

Changes in governmentChanges in government(continued)(continued)2. 594 B.C., 2. 594 B.C., SolonSolon took over the took over the government and prepared a government and prepared a constitutionconstitution to break political power to break political power of the of the richrich3. 560 B.C., 3. 560 B.C., PeisistratusPeisistratus took over took over he was in favor of the he was in favor of the lowerlower classes classes

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

-Peisistratus’ sons took over government after his -Peisistratus’ sons took over government after his death-soon after,death-soon after, the Spartans the Spartans overthrew their overthrew their government.government.508 B.C., Spartans were overthrown by 508 B.C., Spartans were overthrown by CleisthenesCleisthenes, a noble, a noble

4. He put into effect the world’s first democratic 4. He put into effect the world’s first democratic constitution constitution

--Democratic/ DemocracyDemocratic/ Democracy,, form of form of government that favors the equality of all peoplegovernment that favors the equality of all people

-the Assembly was open to all males over -the Assembly was open to all males over 2020 years oldyears old

GovernmentGovernmentAthensAthens

-each year, the Assembly elected 10 -each year, the Assembly elected 10 generals generals who did the following:who did the following:– 1. run the Athenian 1. run the Athenian armyarmy and and navynavy– 2. serve as 2. serve as chief magistrateschief magistrates, or judges. , or judges. – 3. one of them was named 3. one of them was named Commander-Commander-

in-chiefin-chief-Council of -Council of Five HundredFive Hundred-council members were chosen each year by -council members were chosen each year by lotlot instead of by instead of by votevote

-What was the reason for this?-What was the reason for this?

GovernmentGovernmentSpartaSparta

Ruled by a Ruled by a kingking at first at first By 800 B.C., By 800 B.C., aristocratsaristocrats took over the government took over the government

and from then on 2 kings ruled at a time, which was and from then on 2 kings ruled at a time, which was known as an known as an oligarchyoligarchy (few people have the ruling (few people have the ruling power).power).The AssemblyThe Assembly -was open to all males over 20 -was open to all males over 20 years oldyears old

-they passed -they passed lawslaws & made decisions about & made decisions about warwar and and peacepeace

-each year they chose 5 members known as -each year they chose 5 members known as ephorsephors (city managers) (city managers)

-controlled public affairs and educated young -controlled public affairs and educated young SpartansSpartans

GovernmentGovernmentSpartaSparta

The Council of The Council of EldersElders--helped the ephors helped the ephors

-suggested laws to the -suggested laws to the assemblyassembly

-served as a -served as a high courthigh court

BoysBoysSpartaSparta

Sent to live in Sent to live in militarymilitary camps at age camps at age 77trained in groupstrained in groupslearned how to learned how to readread, , writewrite, and use , and use weaponsweaponsgiven small amount of given small amount of foodfoodwent went barefootbarefoot with one with one cloak to wearcloak to wearonly spoke when only spoke when necessarynecessary

AthensAthensIt was required that It was required that parentsparents educated their educated their sonssonsNo public No public schoolschoolhad a had a tutortutor attended attended private schoolprivate schoolstarting at 7, they starting at 7, they studied studied writingwriting, , mathmath, , and and musicmusicmemorized memorized Homer’sHomer’s work and other famous work and other famous Greek poetsGreek poetspracticed practiced sportssports

MenMenSparta Sparta

expected to marry at expected to marry at age age 2020couldn’t have a couldn’t have a househouse of their ownof their ownexpected to live and expected to live and eat in eat in militarymilitary barracksbarracks—shared expenses —shared expenses with other soldierswith other soldierscould retire from army could retire from army when they turned when they turned 6060

AthensAthensbecame citizens at age became citizens at age 1818went to the temple of went to the temple of ZeusZeus – At the temple, they took an At the temple, they took an

oath of citizenship in front of oath of citizenship in front of family and friendsfamily and friends

promised to do the following:promised to do the following:1. help make Athens a better 1. help make Athens a better

place in which to live place in which to live 2. be honorable in 2. be honorable in battlebattle3. follow the 3. follow the constitutionconstitution4. respect their 4. respect their religionreligion

WomenWomenSparta Sparta

more more freefree than than women of other women of other Greek city-statesGreek city-statesmixed freely with mixed freely with menmenenjoyed enjoyed sports sports such such as wrestling and as wrestling and racingracingtold their men to told their men to come home with their come home with their shieldsshields if the men if the men were sent into battlewere sent into battle

AthensAthensspent most time at home spent most time at home performing performing householdhousehold dutiesdutiesdidn’t go out without a didn’t go out without a chaperonechaperoneonly went out to visit only went out to visit other other womenwomen or attend or attend religious festivalsreligious festivalsnever spoke to never spoke to menmen on on the street or the street or entertainedentertained their husbands’ friendstheir husbands’ friends

Social ClassesSocial ClassesSparta Sparta

*upper class settled near *upper class settled near the the agoraagoraUpper classUpper class Aristocrats Aristocrats (*trained for (*trained for the army and war)the army and war)PerioeciPerioeci (merchants and (merchants and artisans who lived in the artisans who lived in the villages) villages) (*worked)(*worked)

-they were neither -they were neither enslaved people enslaved people

nor nor citizenscitizensHelots Helots (enslaved people (enslaved people owned by the city-states owned by the city-states who worked the land) who worked the land) (*worked)(*worked)

AthensAthens*upper class settled near the *upper class settled near the agoraagora

Lower classLower class FarmersFarmers Upper-class Upper-class

Athenians(nobles, Athenians(nobles, merchants, and merchants, and manufacturers) made manufacturers) made reforms to resist an reforms to resist an uprising against the uprising against the government due to government due to fights between the fights between the nobles, farmers, nobles, farmers, artisans over artisans over land land ownershipownership

Culture-Jobs/Arts/EntertainmentCulture-Jobs/Arts/EntertainmentSparta Sparta

Helots and perioeci—Helots and perioeci—enslaved people, enslaved people, merchants, and merchants, and artisansartisansSportsSportsResisted Resisted changechange so so new ideas wouldn’t new ideas wouldn’t weakenweaken their way of their way of life (farming society life (farming society dependant on slaves)dependant on slaves)Only goalOnly goal to be to be military strong!!!military strong!!!

AthensAthensMerchants, artisans, Merchants, artisans, and farmersand farmersSportsSportsSchoolSchoolLiterature, art, , Literature, art, , philosophy, and philosophy, and music music reached new reached new heights during heights during Pericles’ reignPericles’ reignStrong Strong religious religious beliefs and respect for beliefs and respect for democracydemocracy