Local Wisdom as Basis of Social Capital in Strengthening Community Resilience at Reroroja
Transcript of Local Wisdom as Basis of Social Capital in Strengthening Community Resilience at Reroroja
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Local Wisdom as Basis of Social Capital in Strengthening Community
Resilience at Reroroja Village, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
A. INTRODUCTION
East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of Indonesia’s most disaster prone provinces. In
early 2013 alone – in 3-17 January 2013 – various disasters have hit 16 from the 21 districts
in NTT Province. According to NTT District Secretary, Frans Salem1, disasters have occurred
in Kupang City, the districts of Belu, SouthWest Sumba, Alor, Kupang, East Flores, Sikka,
Ende, Lembata, Timor Tengah Selatan, Manggarai, East Manggarai, Nagekeo, West Sumba,
Sabu Raijua and Rote Ndao. The 16 disaster areas were based on a report from the NTT
District Disaster Mitigation Agency.
Within the above time span, natural disasters have devastated 16 districts and
cities above, ranging from earthquakes, floods and landslides. The epicentrum of
earthquakes were located in Manggarai, NTT at 8.41 South Longitude and 120.69 West
Latitude at a depth of 148 km. The worst floods occurred in Belu and Kupang Districts. In
Belu, floods inundated nine villages and at least 1725 homes. Floods in Belu were caused by
overflow from the Benanain River due to heavy rains within the last two weeks. In Kupang
District, floods inundated 350 homes, including the Trans Timor highway connecting NTT
with Timor Leste, causing disruption to transportation between the countries.
Landslides occurred in Kupang City and buried at least 20 houses in the Subdistrict
of Belo. Landslides also occurred in Ende District, severing communication along the Trans
Flores highway. The floods and landslides in particular have caused severe damages to the
community. In addition to inundating and burying people’s homes, floods and landslide also
destroyed people’s crops. As a result, the people have not only lost their homes but also
their livelihood as a means to meet their daily needs. In response, said Chief of the NTT
1http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/01/17/058455034/Bencana-Alam-Melanda-16-Daerah-di-NTT.
Uploaded on 17 January 2013, and downloaded on 15 April 2013, at 14.30 hours. Similar news and information
can also be found at http://nttprov.go.id/2012/index.php/en/89-berita-aktual/310-sebagian-wilayah-ntt-
dilanda-bencana, uploaded on 15 January 2013, and downloaded on 15 April 2013, at 14.33 hours.
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District Disaster Mitigation Agency, Tini Thadeus2, the provincial government has distributed
emergency assistance for flood victims, which include cooked food, rice and canvas tents.
Heavy rains coupled with strong winds and earthquakes recently occurred on
Thursday, 2 April 2013. According to the Ende District Chief, Paulinus Domi, around 17
houses occupied by 19 families were carried away by floods; transportation facilities,
including 15 bridges were destroyed. This natural disaster has also killed 15 people in Ende
who have not been found to date. Therefore, in addition to managing those who have lost
their homes, the local government has also priorized their agenda to find victim who are yet
unaccounted for. Similar disasters have also struck other districts in Flores, such as in the
larger islands of Larantuka, East Flores. The total number of victim amount to 41 dead, 19
lost and almost 280 injured. The disaster has also destroyed around 25 hectares of
productive rice fields which cannot be harvested this year3.
Sikka is one of the severe district in Flores island at NTT which struck with hazard.
One of them is the earthquake that causing tsunami at 1992. The victims are more than
2000 peoples at Maumere, Sikka District. It includes Reroroja Villages where the tsunami
and flood hit Ndete Hamlet causing severe damage at the houses and infrastructures.
From the above narrative, it is evident that three types of natural disasters are
dominant in NTT, they are earthquakes, floods and landslides. Earthquakes are unavoidable
occurrences, as they are truly naturally caused4. However, floods and landslides are mostly
caused by human interference through the destruction of the environment. In this area, we
(proposed research team) wish to find and study local wisdoms in maintaining the
environment in order to anticipate, and manage disasters based on local customs in NTT. In
order to mitigate the effects of natural disasters, the Central Government and District
Governments have prepared various laws and regulations to guide them in implementing
their duties. However the implementation of this regulations or policy related with disaster
2http://www.nttterkini.com/bencana-alam-terjang-delapan-kabupaten-di-ntt/. Uploaded 28 Februari 2013,
downloaded 15 April 2013, jam 14.15 WIB. 3http://www.indosiar.com/fokus/penanganan-akhir-bencana-alam-di-flores_24207.html. Downloaded on 15
April 2013, at 14.20 WIB. 4However, earthquakes which occur undersea have potential for creating tsunami floods. This type of disaster
once occurred in Flores, NTT on 12 December 1992 and remains a threat for most of the people living along
the coast. This information was downloaded on 15 April 2013, at 22.30 WIB from: http://andy-
pio.blogspot.com/2011/02/baba-akong-dan-prahara-tsunami-bertabur.html which was uploaded on Friday, 25
February 2011.
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was not optimal at district until village level. Disaster Management Plan was not available
yet at district level.
Community subsistence has to consider local knowledge and community
collaboration. Evidence of Robinson (2011) study showed the unsuccess settlement
rebuilding of Wuring and Babi islands (Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia)
earthquake and tsunami victims. The project did not consider fishing community local
wisdom in reducing vulnerability to future disaster. In the contrary, Pakistan and Columbia
settlement plan after the earthquake that striked these countries, pondered specific
community needs, incorporated vernacular from the culture elements. As a result, the
project ware accepted within the respective communities. No post-disaster communities
are the same. Since rebuilding their lives requires local involvement, understanding local
wisdom is a necessary requirement.
Resilience capacity of traditional society and the concurrant of cultural change rely on
four factors, namely: the nature of the hazad, the pre-disaster socio-cultural context, the
capacity of the community resilience, the geographical setting, and the rehabilitation policy.
These factors significant vary in time and space, from one disaster to the other. In his
findings, Gaillard (2007) concluded that local variations of the four factors are more
important than the theoretical framework itself. Local society capability overcomes the
damage brought by the natural disaster. It also able to predict eventual cultural change
within the society.
B. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Local wisdom/customs as part of culture is a means for learning from natural
disasters, which is then used by the local community as basis for managing the effects of
disasters. Local customs arise according to each specific location, especially its geographic
elements, i.e. topography, climate, or typical conditions of its environment. Without the
development of local wisdoms, communities could not revive from disasters which
frequently occur any time. Local wisdoms are used as a means to adapt with their disaster
prone environment, and help the local community to survive because of their extraordinary
resilient nature.
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Local customs developed in certain communities are uniquely different than in other
communities. These customs become a community’s spefically unique capital. NTT consists
of 77 ethnic groups spread over 130 large and small islands (Statistical Office at NTT
Province). There are 3213 villages in NTT of which more than 50 % are vulnerable to natural
disasters.
The north coast of Flores Island is one of several areals vulnerable to earthquakes
and tsunami. The population is more concentrated on its north coast compared to its
internal areas. Historically, the most severe disaster that been exist in NTT is earthquake
and tsunami in 1992 at Sikka District. Not only victims as loss inhabitants but also loss of
private and public infrastructure are becoming obstacles for sustainable development at the
district.
Many ethnic groups live along the north coast side by side. The dominant ethnic
groups living along the north coast consist of the Tidung-Bajo, Bugis, Javanese dan Chinese.
However, some villages still support indigineous ethnic communities of Flores, as found in
Ndete Village. This study only focuses on the Ndete Village as one of the villages where the
majority of its inhabitants are indigenous of that area. It is unique because it still has strong
local roots, and because the people here were able to immediately revive from the tsunami
disaster.
C. RESEARCH QUESTION
Based on its background and identification of problems, questions raised in this
study include:
1. What kind of local wisdom that influence community social capital?
2. How social capital be able to strengthening the community economic resilience ?
3. How social capital implemented in economic resilience programme?
4. How is the linkage between social capital and disaster management regulation?
D. STUDY OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to identify the community social capital in stimulating the
economic resilience programme for people at Reroroja Village, Magepanda Subdistrict,
Sikka District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia i.e., “world views” that enable them to survive,
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adapt and improve life according to their disaster prone environment. in East Nusa
Tenggara, Indonesia.
E. FOCUS OF STUDY
The study focuses on local customs/wisdoms as basis for managing the effects of
natural disasters based on two factors, namely:
- Focus on Location:
Ndete Hamlet, Reroroja Vilage, Subdistrict of Magepanda, Sikka District, East
NT (NTT), Indonesia.
- Focus of Analysis:
The attitude and values of local customs related to people’s culture and local
environmental conditions. At the analysis stage, values developed within the
community in connection with the networks created between the local
community and the Local Government, Central Government and various
institutions in the management of the effects of disaster in their vicinity.
F. SCOPE OF STUDY
The study covers:
- Rituals believed to maintain the balance of nature within the cultural
environment.
- Community attitude and patterns of behavior towards rituals and local customs
in maintaining the balance of nature (avoiding danger/bad luck).
- Relations between values of local customs with geographic conditions.
- Form of relations or networking between the local community and local
government in dealing with disaster issues within their environment and in the
cultural context.
- Values of local customs that may be utilized to strengthen cooperation between
the local community and the local government.
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G. LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Culture
Reference to Suparlan (1986:3-5, 1995:15, 2004a:63, 2004b:4-7, 2004c:225,
2008:529), culture can operationally be defined as knowledge, belief and values possessed
by people in communities that are used as guides to view their world, it serves as a tool to
interpret situations being faced, and to encourage and produce meaningful actions in
dealing these situations and gain benefit from it. Culture consists of categorized systems, to
categorize themselves and situations being faced, whether within community life itself
which is adjusted to the group and community as well as with the local community, the
category system result in concepts which exist as cultures.
According to Suparlan (1986:3-5, 1995:15, 2004a:5-6,63, 2004b:4-7, 2004c:225), in
short, culture is defined as guidance for life in a community deemed correct by the
community concerned, and used to interpret and understand situations they face, to
produce actions relevant to each situation in accordance with the following needs:
(1) Biological or primary needs (eat, drink, sleep, sex, etc.)
(2) Social or secondary needs (communication, education, social control, etc.)
(3) Norms or humanity, i.e. needs that integrate the various needs contained
within the biological and social needs. Needs for etiquette or norms arise
from human nature as God’s creations who have the capacity to think, feel
and moralize. Thus the fulfillment of these needs is human in nature, rather
than bestial. The need for norms include:
- The need to differentiate right from wrong, fair and unfair, innocent and
guilty, etc.
- Need to express feelings and sentiments as individuals or collectively or
togetherness.
- Need to prove their identity, origins, and the need to have faith and self
respect.
- Need to express aesthetic feelings, ethics and morality.
- Need for recreation and entertainment
- Need for feelings of security, peace and structured life.
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According to Septiady (2007), the existence of culture in human life is as function
within structure of activities in meeting human needs for living, as guide for human
interaction and in identifying various phenomena into categories or groups within its
environment – categories that can be used to meet man’s many needs.
As a unit of life, a community has its own culture distinct from other communities,
expressed within a region where it occupies and preserves its community. Expressions from
members of the community are made by utilizing resources available within their
environment in order to meet their needs to survive.
A community is a structure consisting of interrelated roles of its members, where
these roles are carried out according to accepted norms. Interaction between roles
produces role structures that are seen as social rules. The presence of these social rules
within a community can be seen during human interactions between members of the
community and with members outside the community.
Norms within community social rules are norms that govern relationships between
roles. It contains ethical and moral values that must be adhered to and followed by actors in
their relationship between members of the community, and in activities to meet their daily
needs. Norms prevailing in a community refer to cultures possessed by the community.
Ritual
Rituals are defined as actions or a series of human actions that are more or
different than the consistent and structured actions, and result in unrecorded expressions in
the form of symbols by the actors. Rituals are not as easy and simple as what is used in
general models and means of human communication, however some of it enables people to
communicate among themselves. Rituals are generally related to religious matters, however
this is not the only reason for implementing them (Septiady, 2002a:2). According to
Rappaport (Bauman,ed., 1992:249-250), rituals have the following characteristics:
(1) Is a form or structure of a number of characteristics in a few or many human
interactions, hence, rituals can be seen as a set of ethics or tradition.
(2) Requires exhibition and resources, with the help of a medium (witchdoctor or
traditional leader) as part of conveying their message to the community.
(3) Are a series of religious actions, where the venue is made special because it
adheres to accepted traditions.
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Adherence of culture owners to the requirements of the rituals do not mainly stem
from their fear of its sanctions, but more from their awareness to comply with the laws of
tradition and laws of nature. They are afraid to wreak the wrath of nature, and therefore
construe natural disasters as the wrath of nature on their wrong doings (Septiady,
2002c:303). The wrath of nature above is believed to be caused by the destruction of the
cosmos which protect them, hence, man must understand their “position” in the life of their
cosmos (Septiady, 2002a:3-4). To ensure that man shall always remember their “position” –
and avoid the wrath of their cosmos, symbols (in rituals) are needed and believed to
determine their good or bad fates (Jones, 1965:97). Because symbols play an important role
in human faiths, symbols may also be the holy road towards synchronizing with the cosmos
through the messages it conveys (Eliade, 1959;128-130, 136-138).
Symbol
In understanding a belief, its conveyance is often incorporated into symbolic
meanings that encapture the cosmic view as derived from people’s understanding
(Rapoport, 1969 dalam Septiady, 2002c:302).
“The man always expresses himself in symbols, and that language,
science, art and myth have their own systems of symbols. The symbols
materialize, substantiate as it were, his experiences and give them a more
enduring form. Symbols make these experiences transferable; every
individual can communicate them to others, thus reproducing his
experiences in a sharply defined form” (Van Baal, 1971:157-60,219; Geertz,
1992:16)
In his book, Kevin Lynch (1960: 1-13) stated that the image of the city is created
through the opinions of people living in the city. This image creation is based on the
collective memory of the people and symbols that possess social roles. In cities, symbols can
be categorized into four types, the first are persons that represent the city; the second are
discursive of urban narratives expressed as songs, poetry, maps, and various urban policies;
the third is connected with behavior such as religious ceremonies or traditions, and parades;
the fourth are domain materials i.e. statues, city architecture, etc. (Nas, Jaffe, Samuels: 2006
in Leeuwen: 2011).
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In his study of Aceh, Leeuwan (2011: 172) found that after the tsunami disaster,
people in Aceh felt they did not need to build new symbols in the form of monuments to
commemorate the event. They used the Banda Aceh Great Mosque as their symbol. Forms
created by nature itself were used as cultural symbols. These indicate that the cultural
symbol of the Aceh people is strongly connected with history and nature.
Social Capital
According to Robert Putnam (2000), social capital is the collective value of all forms
in social networking by doing for benefit to others. The network is formed between
individuals who previously had social relationships, then it create a rule and norm in the
network. Rules and norms are then formed in general, and establish a trust between
individuals. Ultimately, the main goal will be reached is that the social and economic
benefits. Below is the staging of social capital form:
The Process of Social Networking
In seeing the social networks formed, Putnam divides it into two categories: 1)
bonding and 2) bridging. Bonding is a group with the same background, and it is exclusive
and closed. The strategies to keep these bonding groups to survive are by keeping them in
Social relationship
Social Norm
Social Network
General Norm
Social and Economic Benefits
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touch with the outside group, which Putnam called as bridging. In the contrary, bridging is
inclusive and open as heterogeneous background. Both of these categories are working as a
process to achieve social and economic benefits. Further explanation can be seen through
the picture below:
Relation of Bonding and Bridging
By completing the theory of Putnam, Simon Szreter (2002) added a new dimension
to social capital called “linking”. According to Szreter, government took place in managing
the relationship between bonding and bridging process. Linking process can then be
implemented as regulations that exist in the country. In addition, the Szreter also realized
that Putnam's social capital theory is too static. Social capital can also increase and
decrease, depending on the ideological and economic environment. By understanding that
social capital is a dynamic resource, the internal and external members of the group formed
could changes and makes the formed imbalance.
Bridging
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Relation of Bonding-Bridging-Linking
Adaptation
Humans always adapt themselves to overcome all that is wanting. These
adaptations are real or symbolic. Yet in fact, these two types of adapting are
interdependent. Physical or real adapting may be strongly connected with faith that is very
transcendent, which also needs further adaptation in religious symbols. These religious-
symbolic adaptations are closely connected with community behavior patterns in its
attempt to ‘survive’ with the help of knowledge, and traditional rules related with ‘norms’
(Septiady, 2002b:258).
According to Smit et al (2001) in Shaw et al (2010), climatic change adaptation is
define as adjustment ecological, social, and economic system in responses to actual or
expected climatic stimuli and their effects. Adaptation in facing natural condition that are
vulnerable is also an adjustment in ecological, social, culture and economic system
(Widyawati & Shalih, 2012). Human adapt themselves as a real action to survive by synergy
with the nature.
Adaptation is also closely related to people’s knowledge of their living
environment. The more one understands its living environment, the more able they are to
adapt (Widyawati & Shalih: 2012). The ability of communities to adapt is related to how
Country
Bridging
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long they have lived in that area and is shown by their understanding of local symbols as an
inherent part of them.
Guleria & Edward (2012) was doing their research on coastal community resilience of
Tamil Nadu State, India. To find out vulnerability and resilience factors of the communities,
they studied eight elements of resilience i.e., Governance, Coastal Resource Management,
Land Use and Structural Design, Society and Economy, Risk Knowledge, Warning and
Evacuation, Emergency Response and Disaster Recovery. Specific vulnerabilities and
resilience factors of the coastal communities must be addressed especially with respect to
economic benefits. To build community resilience, mitigation strategies have to linkages
between community development, coastal and disaster management processes. These
linkages need to be explicit and driven by community members themselves, working in
concert with national and local government programs and NGOs. With this result,
community value should be intensely understood.
Norris et al (2008) stated that community resilience is not about scientific value per se but
also relations between stressors, various adaptive capacities, and wellness over time. Norris
et al studied was done in several continents, which are Asia, Africa, Australia, and South,
Central, and North America. With this vast spanned of areas studied they cannot envision a
human culture or society in which the basic concepts of adaptive capacities and human
resilience in facing disaster. Human culture as social capital to manage community survival
potential should study through a distinctive area and with deep observation.
H. POLICIES RELATED TO COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND DISASTER
In an effort to empower communities in managing disasters during and after it
occurs, various policies and regulations have been formulated by the Government. One of
these is Government of Indonesia Law No.24/2007 on Disaster Management. In Article 4 of
the Law stipulates that the purpose of disaster management among others is to, in item a)
of Article 4 clearly states that the people must be protected from disasters. One way that
may be developed to protect the community is by understanding the local customs/wisdom.
An understanding of local customs would mean utilizing values inherent within the local
customs which are made for the good of the said community, including protecting them
from disaster.
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The people’s right to mitigate disasters is stipulated in Article 26. This article
stipulates that all persons as members of the community have the right to participate in the
planning, operations, and maintenance of health service delivery assistance program, which
includes psychosocial support. In addition, all persons have the right to participate in the
decision making of disaster management activities, especially those related to themselves
and their communities; as well as to monitor its implementation according to prearranged
mechanisms. These rights may be implemented well if communities were given the chance
to convey their local wisdom in dealing with disasters. The values of local customs will
strengthen any attempts to mitigate disasters designed by the Government, both central
and district governments.
Article 27 in the same Law stipulates that communities are responsible for
implementing disaster management activities. In order to implement this responsibility,
which of course is implemented in cooperation with other elements, the community can
utilize their strengths. One of the strengths possessed by the local communities is the value
of local wisdoms.
Article 36 explains the planning activity in disaster management. The article states
that disaster management plans include determining preparedness mechanisms and
management of the after effects of disaster. This step may be implemented well if local
wisdom values were included as an element in planning activities.
Other regulations that also support community empowerment are Government
Regulation No.21/2008 on Implementation of Disaster Management. Within this Law,
Article 9 stipulates that in implementing disaster management, efforts must be made to
strengthen community resilience. Strengthening community resilience may be done through
the development of traditional values developed and implemented by communities in their
daily lives.
Disaster Early Warning Systems implemented with a view (Article 9) to reduce risks
of disaster effects is done by observing disaster symptoms; analyzing observation results
data; make decisions based on results of analysis; disseminating the resulting decisions; and
implementation of actions by the community. Observation of disaster systems and
implementation of actions is made through sophisticated knowledge and technologies,
strengthened by using local wisdoms available. Hence, community participation is not
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merely limited as implementer but also provides input and conducts analysis based on
knowledge culled through generations and generally well known by local communities.
Article 57 of the same Law states that rehabilitation activities should consider
community aspirations, social, culture and economic conditions. It is obvious that local
wisdom is an elemental factor in managing disasters and empowering communities.
Rehabilitation based on local customs is expected to improve the resilience of the
concerned communities.
In environmental improvement activities of disaster areas (Article 61), physical
activities in environmental rehabilitation should meet technical, social, economical and
cultural as well as ecosystem requirements of the region. Improvement of the environment
that meets these requirements must take into account the various activities of related
institutions/agencies and the aspiration of communities in disaster prone areas. Statements
mentioned in Article 61 Para 3 is further supported by Article 62 which stipulates that
technical plans must be formulated optimally through surveys, investigation and designs
taking into account the social, cultural, economic and traditional conditions as well as
standards of construction. The cultural element is one of the requirements of environmental
rehabilitation. As point for consideration, culture is expected to improve community
resilience to help them regain normalcy after disasters.
Law 3 Article 85, goes on to explain the necessity for steps to revive social
community life. This endeavour attempts to rearrange life and develop life patterns
towards a better social community life. The Article explicitly explains that social community
life is fundamental for community strength in dealing with disaster and regaining normalcy
after the disaster.
NTT Province itself already has a policy in terms of a response to a disaster Tsunami
event in 1992. In 2008 they issued Regulation No. 16 which set the NTT on the
Implementation of Disaster Management and in 2009 they issued Regulation No. 16 NTT
governing the establishment of the Regional Disaster Management Agency(Badan
Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah). Then the Regional Disaster Management Agency issued
the Decree of the Head of the Regional Disaster Management Agency NTT No. 2009 on
combating Enforcement Agency Strategic Plan for Regional Disaster Year 2009-2013.
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I. AREA STUDY DESCRIPTION
Ndete hamlet is locating at Reroroja Village, Magepanda Sub District, Sikka District,
East Nusa Tenggara Province. Based on Central Bureau of Statistics at Sikka District, Reroroja
village has a total area of 41.97 km2 consisting of three hamlets (including Ndete), 7 RW
and 24 RT (RW and RT are terminology of administration region below hamlets level in
Indonesia). The astronomical locations of Ndete hamlet exist on 8° 31’ 47.80” South Latitude
and 122° 02’ 13.29” east longitude.
Geographically, at the north of Rerorejo Village borders to Ndete Gulf where rows
of coral reefs and mangroves exist along the coastal area. East side borders to Magepande
village and west side Ende District. Meanwhile, at the south this village borders to Mego Sub
District.
Map of Study Area Ndete Hemlet
Physiographic, Ndete hamlet located on valley at the coastal area that surrounded
by hills. Meanwhile, Ndete gulf is shallow water with coral reef as habitat for fish
congregate. The entire Magepanda District including Ndete hamlet has a tropical climate.
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Based on Sandy (1985), the climate of Ndete Hamlet is dry climate with characteristic
maximum rainfall in January, or sometimes in February, while the minimum rainfall is
usually in August. The amount of average annual rainfall is usually not too many. Coastal
areas are usually dry, while the hills are still influenced by orographic rain.
Reroroja village has a population 3,333 inhabitants in 2011 with 821 heads of
households. In comparison with the last year, there is reduction in the number of residents.
There are 666 inhabitants who moved from the village in 2011 and only 467 inhabitants
moved in to the village.
Population density in Reroreja village is 79.41 inhabitants/km2. There are 87.75%
Reroroja villagers is Catholic, 12.15% are Muslim and the rest are Protestant. Within 2008,
there were 304 household becoming targets of rural poverty alleviation in this Reroroja
Village.
Picture of Ndete Gulf
Source: Google earth
In terms of public service facility at Reroreja Village, there are 4 primary schools
with 33 teachers and 597 pupils. However, this vallage do not have junior high school and or
high school. Health facility that exist in the Reroroja Village is 1 primary health center called
Puskesmas, 1 supporting health centre (called Poskesdes) and 1 integrated service health
(called Posyandu). The service and infrastructure of health centre is still in modest level.
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Most of residents in Reroreja Village are fisherman and farmers. The fishermen in
this village is fishing at shallow sea, while farmers in theis village are a crop farmer.
Agricultural crops that cultivated are paddy, maize, cassava, sweet potato, peanut, green
beans, cacao, cashew, coffee, pepper and coconut.
Simple and modest life is still identifying by the residents activities. People still use
kerosene or firewood as fuel for cooking. They get kerosene at a price of 4,500 rupiah per
liter, while the rice as their basic food has the price 8,500 dollars per kgs.
J. RESEARCH METHODS
Research methods used will be the qualitative method which is similar to the
naturalistic inquiry characteristics. The focus of the study will involve people, groups,
communities, programs, and patterns of relationship or interactions wherein all shall be
viewed in its natural context (as is). The study is designed according to ethnography in the
spatial context. Ethnography is understood as the central role of culture in understanding
the way of life of the groups being studied. The spatial outlook will explain the geographic
characteristics which develop local values adopted in the community.
Culture is defined as the overall social behavior pattern of the community being
studied as owners of that culture, who in turn provides (Boyle, 1994; Punch, 1998;
Poerwandari, 2011):
(1) Standards/systems for perceiving, believing, evaluating and implementing/
taking action;
(2) Regulations and symbols in relationship patterns and interpretations.
Believing that each word, action or product of culture represents certain
meanings.
Cultural data collected in the field is treated in a practical and effective manner.
Steps for data collection are as follows:
(1) Collection of Secondary Data. This step is done by collecting various information
from government institutions, non government agencies, reports from various
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studies and publications. Collected data includes maps depicting the situation of
village being studied in relation to its environment.
(2) Collection of primary data at field. Scope of study will focus on values of local
customs obtained through various means (Hoggart, Lees, & Davies, 2002: 201-301),
i.e. focused group discussions, in depth interview and oral histories. The three
methods have proven excellent results if participative observation activities can gain
the community’s trust. Therefore, some time is needed to gain community trust.
Data processing is made by coding which is carried out by (ref. Poerwandari,
2011:172; Heywood, et al, 1999:593-604):
a) Formulating verbatim transcript (word by word) of field reports in such a
manner to allow large empty columns at the left or rights side of transcripts.
The blank columns may be used to impute certain codes or notes on the
transcript.
b) Methodically and continuously number lines in the transcript and/or notes of
field reports.
c) Name each file with certain codes. Selected codes should be easy to
remember and appropriate to represent the said file, as well as provide dates
and its location.
d) Location of each code not only describes its geographical position but also the
characteristic and conditions of the area. Codes should include global position
using the GPS (Global Positioning System) and mapped using the program
Quantum GIS © as part of the Geography Information System instruments.
According to Strauss & Corbin (1990), the coding stage can be divided into three
parts, namely ‘open coding’, ‘axial coding’, and ‘selective coding’. Open Coding allows
researchers to identify categories, properties and its dimensions. The Axial Coding is used to
organize data using new methods by the development of relationships between categories;
or between categories with several subcategories under it. Selective Coding is made based
on the ability of researchers to select the most basic categories systematically, and link it to
other categories and validate these links.
After data coding, thematic analysis is made as basis of qualitative research
analysis. The purpose of thematic analysis is to allow researchers to find the cultural
patterns existing within the communities being studied. Thematic analysis is a process for
19
coding information which results in a theme list, theme model or complex indicators,
qualification related to the theme, or factors between or combination of the above. The
theme describes and interprets phenomenons existing within the local customs. In short,
the thematic analysis undertaken have purposes – and each purpose may overlap as follows
(reference Boyatzis, 1998):
(1) As a way of seeing.
(2) As a way of providing meaning on matters which normally are not apparently
seen as interconnected.
(3) As a way for analyzing qualitative information
(4) As a systematic way to observe people, interactions, groups, situations, or
certain cultures.
(5) As a means to ‘change’ or ‘transfer’ qualitative information into quantitative
information.
(6) These steps are then presented in the form of symbols and geographic space.
The next stage involves the researcher to move from concrete data to the
development of concepts. The flow of steps followed systematically through processes are
based on the following diagram:
Diagram 1. Research Purpose Concept Development Process
Source: Made based on Smith (1995) and Poerwandari (2011:179).
The study result will be scale up into local government policy and action
programme as well.
DATA KEY WORDS THEME CATEGORY
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CATEGORIES (PATTERN)
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY
20
K. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Disaster is a nature incident that happened without clear warnings. People that lives in
vulnerable areas of disaster have early warning system that based on nature. They develop the
knowledge base on experience and custom that inheritage from generation to generation. In this
era, local wisdom which is the substance of culture that lives in the community is not well
understandable.
Culture is a unique footprint of a community. It prevents the community especially from
external exposes. In facing disaster impact, culture is also community’s capacity. In preventing the
community, culture could be dissected in two types, namely tight culture and loose culture. Tight
culture composed of ritual, symbols and local wisdom that cultivate local knowledge. On the other
hand, loose culture is function as potential source in involving outsider stakeholders. Loose culture
provides opportunity to have a raltionships with outsider in creating social, economic and political
intevention. In this research intervention is intended to flourish economic opportunity.
Local knowledge and economic opportunity are function as social capital in strengthening
the economic community resilience. By understanding the local wisdom key points, this study can
be enrich either the programme and the regional regulation as well.
21
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2011 Pendekatan Kualitatif Untuk Perilaku Manusia. Depok: LPSP3, Fakultas
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2002a “Ritual-Ritual pada Rumah Adat: Dalam Kajian Proses,” Jurnal Teknik,
Volume 15 Nomor 1, Februari 2002. Jakarta: Pusat Pengabdian Kepada
Masyarakat Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pancasila.
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Suku Dayak Membuluh Desa Bangkal Kalimantan Barat,” Jurnal Teknik,
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2001 Adaptation Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and
Equity in Shaw, R; Juan M. Pulhin; Joy P. Pereira. Climate Change
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Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Overview of Issues and Challenges
in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: Issues and
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Group Publishing Limited.
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1995 Rethinking Methods in Psychology. London: Sage Publications.
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1990 Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and
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2004b Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme dalam Perspektif Masyarakat Majemuk
Indonesia. Jakarta: Jurnal Polisi Indonesia No.6, Tahun V/April 2004.
2004c Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan Perkotaan: Perspektif Antropologi
Perkotaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pengembangan Kajian Ilmu Kepolisian.
2008 Dari Masyarakat Majemuk Menuju Masyarakat Multikultural. Diedit oleh:
Chryshnanda D. I. & Yulizar Syafri. Jakarta: YPKIK.
Szreter, Simon
2002 The State of Social Capital: Bringing Back in Power, Politics, and History.
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25
1971 Symbols for Communication. Assen, Nedherlands: Koninklijke van Gorcum
& Comp. N. V.
Widyawati & O. Shalih
2012 Bentuk Adaptasi Korban Banjir Tahunan. Conference: Learning From
Japan. Japanese Studies Programme, Universitas Indonesia.
Widyawati
2012 Rebuild Urban Areas, Cooperation between Government and Others.
Conference: “Disaster and The On-Going-Recovery: A Task for disaster's
Politics or the Local Indigenous? (A Discussion of Indonesia,Japan and Asia
disaster recovery Experience)”. Japanese Studies Programme, Universitas
Indonesia.
CVApril 2013 Page 1
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DETAIL
Name
Sex
Place and Date Birth
Address
:
: Female
: Jakarta, 17 June 1960
: Jl.Palem Raja II no 24 TamanYasmin Sektor 5,
Bogor, Indonesia
Telephone (Home) : 62 251 8431 409
Occupation : Lecturer
Office Address : Departmentof Geography FMIPA-UI
Office Telephone/Fax
KampusUniversitasIndonesia, Depok
: 62 – 21 – 7873067
:
ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCE
1996-1999 : Executive Secretary Departmentof Geography, Faculty
Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
1999-2003 : Head of Departmentof Geography, Faculty Mathematics
and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia,
2001 – 2011 : Executive Secretary Urban Studies Programme,
Universitas Indonesia,
2001 – 2005 : Head of Training Division, Urban and Regional Center
Universitas Indonesia
2008 – now : Head of Academic Quality Assurance Unit, Faculty
Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia,
2009-2010 :Member of Academic Quality Assurance Board
Universitas Indonesia,
2010-2013 : Secretary of Academic Quality Assurance Board
Universitas Indonesia,
CVApril 2013 Page 2
COURSES
1. Human Geography, Undergraduate Programme, Department of Geography,
Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 2012 – now.
2. Planning and Development System.Geography Graduate Programme, Faculty of
Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia. 2008 – 2011.
3. Development Planning Method. Urban Studies Programme, Graduate Programme,
Universitas Indonesia. 2009 – now.
4. Urban Geography. Geography Undergraduate Programme, Faculty of
Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia.1990 – now
5. Transportation Geography. Geography Undergraduate Programme, Faculty of
Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia. 2004– now
6. Urban and Regional Planning. Urban Studies Programme, Graduate Programme,
Universitas Indonesia. 2002 – 2007
RESEARCH
1. Team Leader: Community Development Programme on “Geography
Information System as Dengue Fever Community Awareness Media in
Pademangan Barat Subdistrict, Jakarta”. Urban Studies Programme, Graduate
Programme, Universitas Indonesia, 2011.
2. Researher: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Finance. Sucofindo. 2011.
3. Researcher: History of Department Geography University of Indonesia
Curriculum. Department of Geography University of Indonesia, Jakarta. 2010.
4. Team Leader: Geography Information System as Socialization Facilities for
Dengue Region in Pademangan Barat Sub District, Jakarta. Urban Studies
Programme, Graduate Programme University of Indonesia. 2009
5. Researcher: Multidisiplin Research in “Representational Space Analysis and
Walkability Assessment in Sub Urban Area in Indonesia and Japan (Case Study:
Depok, Indonesia and Tama, Japan). Urban Sustainability Research Center for
Japanese Studies. 2009
6. Researcher: Master Plan on Air Quality. Meteorology and Geophysics Board.
2007
CVApril 2013 Page 3
7. Researcher: Analysis and Identification of Infrastructur Needs in Remote Area,
Case study in Maluku, Maluku Utara, Irian Jaya Barat dan Papua Provinces,
Cooperation between PT KOGAS and Urban Studies Programme, Graduate
Programme University of Indonesia. 2007
8. Researcher: Spatial Planning Study for Samosir District base on Remote Sensing
and Geography Information System. Cooperation between PT Benattin Surya
Ciptaand Samosir District North Sumatera Province. 2006
9. Team Leader: Spatial Planning Detail for Maumere City, District of Sikka,
Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. Cooperation between PT Sucofindoand
ocal Government of Sikka District Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. 2005
10. Researcher: Building Regulation, DKI Jakarta Local Regulation. Cooperation
between Direktorat Riset Penelitian Universitas Indonesia and BAPEDA
DKI Jakarta. 2004.
11. Researcher: Training Needs Assessment. Cooperation between Biro
Kemitraan Universitas Indonesia and Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup
Republik Indonesia. 2003.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND SEMINAR
1. Presenter: International Coference: Whose Geography? Space, Place, Cultures,
and Environment of Asia. Sidewalks Function as Urban Life Symbols, A case in
JalanMargonda Raya, Depok City, Indonesia. South East Asia Geographer,
Singapore. November 2012.
2. Presenter: Internasional Seminar: Learning From Japan. Victim Annualy Flood
Adaptation Appearance, Kampung Melayu, Jakarta, a Case Study. Japanese
Studies Programme. Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Indonesia. February 2012.
3. Presenter: International Conference: Disaster and The On-Going-Recovery : A
Task for disaster's Politics or the Local Indegenous? Rebuild Urban Areas,
Cooperation between Government and Others. Japanese Studies Programme.
Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. Indonesia. March 2012.
CVApril 2013 Page 4
4. Presenter: International Conference on Population Dynamism of Asia – Issues
and Challenges Ahead. Department of Geography University of Malaya. Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. July 2011.
5. Participant:Geographic Curricula, Benchmarking and Development. Fakultas
Geografi Universtias Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Juli 2011
6. Presenter: International Conference on Understanding the Changing Space,
Place, and Cultures of Asia. Southeast Asia Geographer Association. November
2010. Hanoi, Vietnam
7. Participant: International Conference Southeast Asia Metropolises and
Urbanization: Challenges and Tools in A Context of Climate Change. Indonesia
Planner Association. October 2010. Jakarta. Indonesia.
8. Participant: Consultative Regional Meeting for the Urban Poor. World Health
Organization. October 2010. Mumbay, India
9. Presenter: International Conference on Civic Space. Columbia University and
University of Indonesia. August, 2010. Jakarta, Indonesia.
10. Participant: Consultative Meeting on Public Health Professionals: Climate
Change and Health Impacts. A Parallel Event of the C.O.P. December, 2007.
Bali, Indonesia.
11. Presenter: National Seminar onPrimary Health Facilities. Ministry of Health
Republic Indonesia. February 2007. Jakarta, Indonesia.
12. Presenter: National Seminar on Public Private Partnership in Urban
Health.Ministry of Health Republic Indonesia. December 2006. Jakarta,
Indonesia.
13. Presenter: International Conference on Asia Scholar. August 2005. Shanghai,
China.
14. Presenter: International Conference on Asia Scholar. August 2003. Singapore.
15. Presenter: The Fifth International ECO-CITY Conference, August 2002.
Shenzhen, China,
TRAINING
CVApril 2013 Page 5
1. Training in: Penyusunan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK).
Participant. Universitas Indonesia. 2009
2. Training in: Pelatihan Ancangan Aplikasi (AA), Gelombang I tahun 2009.
Participant. Universitas Indonesia. 2009.
3. Training in: Pelatihanbagi Perencana Jenjang Fungsional Muda, sebanyak
dua angkatan, dengan berbagai topic. Maret – Juni 2006. Kerjasama antara
Pusbindiklatren Bappenas dengan Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi dan
Masyarakat Fakultas Ekonomi UI &Departemen Geografi UI. Trainer.
4. Training in: PelatihanbagiPerencanaJenjangFungsionalPertama,sebanyak
empat angkatan, dengan berbagai topic. Maret – Juni 2006. Kerjasama antara
Pusbindiklatren Bappenas dengan Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi dan
Masyarakat Fakultas Ekonomi UI &Departemen Geografi UI. Trainer.
5. Training in: PelatihanbagiPerencanaJenjangFungsional Muda, sebanyak
empat angkatan, dengan berbagai topik. Maret – Juni 2005. Kerjasama antara
Pusbindiklatren Bappenas dengan Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi dan
Masyarakat Fakultas Ekonomi UI &Departemen Geografi UI. Trainer.
6. Training for Trainers Diklat Fungsional Penjenjangan Perencana dengan
konsentrasi Manajemen dan Administrasi Publik. 2004. Penyelenggara
Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi dan Masyarakat Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas
Indonesia (LPEM-FEUI) dengan Pusbindiklatren Bappenas. Trainer.
7. Training in: Pelatihan Penerapan Analisis Manfaat Resiko Lingkungan
(AMRIL) dalam Pengembangan Wilayah Urban. 2003. Judul Materi:
Compact City sebagai Pilihan Pembangunan Wilayah Perkotaan.
Penyelenggara Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Kantor
Wilayah Sumatera. Trainer.
8. Urban Management, 2003. Judul Materi: Pengelolaan Wilayah Perkotaan
Melalui Analisis Perencanaan Keruangan. Penyelenggara Pusat Kajian Wilayah
dan Kota, Universitas Indonesia. Trainer.
9. SIG bagi Pengambil Keputusan, 2003. DepartemenGeografi FMIPA-UI.Trainer
10. Community Development, 2002 (batch 1 & 2). Penyelenggara Pusat Kajian
Wilayah dan Kota, Universitas Indonesia. As steering commitee.
CVApril 2013 Page 6
11. Regional Planning, 2001 & 2002. Penyelenggara Badan Pendidikan dan
PelatihanPemerintah DKI Jakarta. Trainer.
12. ManajemenPemerintahan, 2001 & 2002. Penyelenggara Badan Pendidikan dan
Pelatihan Pemerintah DKI Jakarta. Trainer.
13. EkonomiPembangunan, 2002. PenyelenggaraBadanPendidikan dan Pelatihan
Pemerintah DKI Jakarta. Trainer.
Jakarta, 29 April 2013
NIP 1960 06 17 1987 03 2002
CVApril 2013 Page 1
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DETAIL
Name
Sex
Place and Date Birth
Address
Telephone (Home)
Occupation
Office Address
Office Telephone/Fax
:
: Male
: Jakarta, 28 September 1971
: Jl. Tebet Utara IVC, No.11A. Jakarta Selatan (12820)
: (021) 8311941
: Lecturer
: Urban Studies at Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok
:
:
COURSES
1. Department of Antropology Undergraduate And Graduate Program, Faculty of
Social Knowledge And Politic Universitas Indonesia,
2. Urban Regional Studies Programme, Graduate Programme, Universitas Indonesia
3. Department Architecture, Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Engineering,
Universitas Pancasila
WORKING EXPERIENCE
1. FOUNDER: Jurnal “Hirarchi” Department of Architecture, Univeritas
Pancasila
Position : Publishing Executive
2. Consultan of Department Of Public Works
Responsibility : Pedestrian Road Infrastructure Assessment Plan
RESEARCH
1. Team Leader: Space Tolerance, Worship Space, and Settlement at Srengseng
Sawah, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, 2011.
2. Team Leader: Desain and Structure of Bus-Sto, Jakarta. 2007-2008
CVApril 2013 Page 2
3. Researcher: Identification of Colonial Buildings in Semarang City Cooperation
Between Pusaka Budaya Bangunan Kota Semarang, 2006
4. Researcher: Mapping Location and Public Perceptions of PLTN Impact in
Cipayung Sub-District. 2012
PUBLICATION
1. 2008. Pedoman Penelitian Sederhana Untuk Arsitek. Direktorat Jendral
Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional & Jurusan Arsitektur
Universitas Pancasila. Jakarta
SEMINAR
1. Moderator: Living in Harmony with Green Psychology. September 2011
2. Speaker: Kebersamaan Stakeholder Membangun dan Megelola Kota. Tinjauan
terhadap Kasus Koja. April 2010
3. Speaker: “Arsitektur Tanda Tanya”: Mengungkap Jatidiri Arsitek dengan
Penguasaan Bidang-Bidang Keilmuan Lainnya. Host by Ikatan Arsitektur
Indonesia Cooperation Between Universitas Pancasila Jakarta
4. Speaker: Kepedulian Terhadap Bangunan Tradisional Indonesia, Khususnya
Bangunan Tradisional Sumatera Utara at Universitas Sumatera Utara.
5. Speaker: Makna Penggunaan Bahan Bangunan Alam pada Arsitektur Tradisional
Bali,” at Universitas Udayana Bali.
6. Speaker: “Menguak Langgam Bangunan-Bangunan Peninggalan Kolonial
Belanda di Kota Semarang”, Host by Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Semarang Cooperation between Ikatan Arsitektur Indonesia, Semarang.
7. Speaker: “Research Day” mengenai: Kebudayaan Komuniti Terstigma. Host by
Lembaga Riset FISIP UI.
8. Speaker: “Roundtable Discussion in Bandung,” mengenai: Hubungan antara
Kebudayaan dengan Pencapaian Nilai Kesehatan Masyarakat Kota. Host by
Depkes RI, Jakarta..
TRAINING
CVApril 2013 Page 3
1. Training in: Lokakarya Persiapan dan pelatihan 8 Studi Tematik Evaluasi
P2KP. Participant. Hotel Ambarawa. 2009
2. Training in: Pelatihan Digital e-Library dan Pengenalan Sistem e-Learning.
Participant. 2009.
CVApril 2013 Page 1
-CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DETAIL
Name
Sex
Place and Date Birth
Address
Telephone (Home)
Occupation
Office Address
Office Telephone/Fax
:
: Female
: Medan, 20 June 1985
: Jl. Mansyur No.42 A RT.004, RW.007, Kel. Kebagusan,
Kec. Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan
: +6221-3908264
: Researcher
: Jl Salemba Raya 4, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta Pusat
: 62 – 21 – 3908264
:
FORMAL EDUCATION
2009 - 2011 : Department of Geografi, University of Indonesia –
Jakarta, Master Degree.
2003 – 2007 : Department of Sosiologi, University of Indonesia –
Jakarta, Bachelor Degree.
RESEARCH
1. Researcher: Data collection and analysis for “Empirical Study of Growth and
Poverty Reduction in Indonesian Farm: the Role of Space, Infrastructure and
Human Capital and Impact of the Financial Crisis. UI – JICA. 2010
CVApril 2013 Page 2
2. Researcher: Pemetaan Wilayah Rawan Bencana di 9 Provinsi- Mapping of Risk
Prone Area in 9 Provinces (Jawa, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara). UI – BNPB. 2011
3. Researcher: Need Assesment of National Development at Border Region. UI –
BNPP. 2012
4. Researcher: Investigating Jakarta Residents’ Preferences For Changes To The
Landscape Along The Ciliwung River: a Choice Experiment. UI – Future Cities
Lab Singapore (ETH Zurich) . 2013
CONFERENCE AND SEMINAR
1. Participant: Expert discussion: Overview Multiperspective, "Minimizing Flood
Impact in Jakarta. Universitas Indonesia. 2013.
2. Presenter: Towards Disaster Mitigation In Indonesia’s Cities-Learning From
Japan 4th Symposium 2012:Urban Society’s Vulnerability and Preparedness in
Disaster Mitigation In Indonesia and Japan. Universitas Indonesia. 2012.
3. Presenter: Characteristics of The Extended Built Up Area in Metropolitan
Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang (MEBIDANG), Indonesia 1990-2006 –
International Conference of Geography, Kuala Lumpur. 2011
4. Participant: Adaptation Pattern based on Vulnerable Coastal Index Map Case
Study: Adaptation Through Community in Jakarta North Coastal International
Conference Southeast Asia Metropolises and Urbanization: Challenges and
Tools in a Context of Climate Change – Kerjasama Cooperation Between,
Universitas Indonesia, IAP, France Ambassador, Hotel JW Marriot, Jakarta. 2010
5. Presenter: Land Use Suitability Buildings As A Basis For Zoning Regulations in
South Tangerang Region. NationaConference of Insrastructure 2010 –
Cooperation Between UI,ITB, UGM, Depok.2010
6. Presenter : Implementation of Local Policies in Domestic Waste Water
Management in Jakarta, Case Study : Kelurahan Kebon Baru and Pasar Manggis,
Jakarta Selatan. International Seminar of Urban and Regional Planning,
Bandung. 2009
7. Presenter: Efficiency in Urban Area Expansion in Metropolitan Areas (Case
Study: Metropolitan Mebidang)Seminar Nasional Eco Urban Design at
Univesitas Diponogoro. Semarang. 2008
CVApril 2013 Page 3
8. Presenter: Spread of Potential Office Area at Dki Jakarta, Annual Conference
ASPI at ITS Surabaya. Surabaya. 2008
Jakarta, 28 April 2013
CV Aril 2013 Page 1
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DETAILS
Name
Place of Birth
Date of Birth
Sex
Marital Status
Religion
Address Home
Mobile
:
: Jakarta
: July12th
, 1986: Male
: Single
: Catholic
: Jln. Gadung II No105 RT 05/ RW 03 PondokRanji
CiputatTimur,Tangerang,Banten. 15412 : 085694214703
:
FORMAL EDUCATION
2009 - 2011 : University of Indonesia – Jakarta, Master Degree,
Major : Human Ecology, Graduate School of Science
Environmental Department, GPA: 3.63 of scale 4.00
Magister Tehesis“HubunganKondisiFisikBangunanDengan
InteraksiSosialPenghuniPadaPemukimanVertikal”
2003 – 2007 : University of Indonesia – Jakarta, Bachelor Degree,
Major: Geography Faculty of Mathematic and Natural
Science, GPA: 2.88of scale 4.00
Final Project “Kualitas Air Tanah Dangkal di DKI Jakarta”
PUBLICATION
1. 2012.PendudukMiskindanLahanKritis di
Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.JurnalKajianPengembanganPerkotaan Vol. 5
No. 1, April 2012: 24-35
CV Aril 2013 Page 2
NON FORMAL EDUCATION
February 14th
- 15th
, 2013 :Training Understanding and Implementing ISO 14001
– Certified by PT. Phitagoras Global Duta
February 15th
– 25th
, 2012 : AK3U Training (Kursus Ahli Keselamatan Kesehatan
Kerja Umum) – Certified by KEMENAKERTRANS.
Desember 18th
, 2011 :QHSE INTEGRATION (ISO 9001:2008, ISO
14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007) Training –
Certified by Super Training Indonesia, Instructor –
International Auditor Ir. Koeswidijono, M.Sc
March2nd
– April4th
, 2009 : AMDAL Course and Taining – Certified by Centerfor
Research of Human Resources and Environmental
Postgraduate Programme University of Indonesia
(Training AMDAL B dari PPSML UI)
REWARD
1. 2012 : Piagam Penghargaan Peserta Terbaik 2 (Kedua) Pada Training Ahli
K3 Umum Held by PT Phitagoras Global Duta
SKILLS
Softwares: Expert in Arc View GIS, Microsoft Office,
Powersim Constructor (Environmental Modeling Software).
Softwares: Familiar inMapInfo, SPSS, Arc GIS, Adobe Photoshop.
Equipment:Geological Compass&GPS.
TOEFL: 527
Good in Leadership, Managing, and Team Work.
ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCE
2010 – 2013 : Member of Environmental Scholars Association (PERWAKU,
PerhimpunanCendikiawanLingkungan)
2006 – 2007 : Vice Chairman of Geography Study Club, University of Indonesia
2005 – 2006 : Chairman of Catholic Student Organization in Faculty of Mathematic
and Natural Science, University of Indonesia
CV Aril 2013 Page 3
WORKING EXPERIENCE
1. PT DIANZANI KONSULTAN (2012 - 2013)
Position : GIS Specialist
Responsibility : Spatial Analysis &Mapping for AMDAL Project
Highway Pekanbaru – Kandis – Dumai.
Highway Medan – Binjai.
Highway Lampung.
Road & Bridge Bukit Manula, Lampung – Bengkulu.
Highway Palembang –Inderalaya.
2. BAPPEDA KOTA DEPOK (2012)
Position : Environmental Expert
Responsibility : Action Plan in Sanitation Sector for Depok City
3. PT SENDIKA PERKASA MEGAUTAMA (2012)
Position : Safety and Environtment Consultant
Responsibility : Task Risk Assessment, Doing Audit Internal,
Implementing QHSE Integration, Making HSE
Program, etc.
4. BAPPEDA KOTA DEPOK (2011)
Position : Environmental Expert
Responsibility : Sanitation Management Planing (Strategic Sanitation
Planing) for Depok City
5. BAPPEDA KOTA DEPOK (2011)
Position : Environmental Expert
Responsibility : Sanitation Mapping (White Book Sanitation) for
Depok City
6. MR & PARTNER (Legal & Business Consulting Group) (2011)
Position : Environmental & Mining Expert
Responsibility : Environmental Case in Mining
7. KEMENTRIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP RI (2011)
Position : Reviewer
Responsibility : Adiwiyata School Award
8. MANGGALA BUANA UTAMA (2009 – 2010)
Position : Associate Researcher
Responsibility : AMDAL
CV Aril 2013 Page 4
9. JHL GROUP – Exploration Division (2008)
Position : Mapping and GIS Specialist
Location :
Gold Exploration in Geumpang,Pidie, Aceh
Coal Exploration in Kolang,Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatra
Coal Exploration in Pinarik, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra
Coal Exploration in MosaJulu,Tapanuli Selatan, North Sumatra
Galena (PbS) Exploration in Melidi,Langsa, Aceh
10. PENTHINK PRODUCTION EVENT ORGANIZER (2008)
Position : Public Relation
11. UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA (2008)
Position : Data Collector for Center Statisctic in Faculty of
Public Health (Research for Formalin Rate in Tooth
Paste)
12. PT KOGAS (2008)
Position : Associate Researcher
Responsibilities : Analysis and Identification Needs of Lag Area
Infrastructure in Papua
13. Data Collector in Mapping of Bounded Area in North Jakarta (2007)
14. SARANA DIGITAL INDONESIA&DitJenMinerba ESDM RI (2007)
Position : Associate Researcher
Responsibilities : Research of Coal Mining in South Borneo
15. ERLANGGA PRINTING OFFICE (2007)
Position : Freelance Editor
16. UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA (2006)
Position : Associate Researcher for Center Statistic Faculty of
Public Health
REFERENCE
Prof. SarlitoWirawanSarwono (Mobile Phone: 0818181862)
Dr. Ir. SetyoSarwantoMoersidik, DEA (Mobile Phone: 0811861716)
RaldiHendroKoestoer, M.Sc. Ph.D, APU(Mobile Phone: 08161843323)
CV Aril 2013 Page 5
CV Aril 2013 Page 6
CV Aril 2013 Page 7
CV Aril 2013 Page 8
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Detail
Name
Sex
Place and Date Birth
Address
Phone Number
:
: Male
: Bandung, 06 April 1991
: Gg. Duku I no 9A Jajar, Surakarta,
Indonesia : 62 812 830 839 92
:
Formal Education:
1. Urban Studies, Graduate Programme, Faculty of Graduate, Universitas Indonesia.
2013 – now.
2. Sociology, Undergraduate Programme, Department of Sociology, Faculty of
Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 2007 – 2011.
3. State High School 2, Surakarta, 2004 – 2007.
4. MTs Modern Boarding School Assalaam, Kartasura, 2002 – 2004.
5. State Elementary School Medono VIII, Pekalongan, 2002.
6. Elementary School Pertiwi 3, Padang, 1996-2002.
Organization Experiences:
1. General Secretary of OSIS in 2 Senior High School Solo, 2005-2006
2. Public Relation of Sociology Summit, 2011
Academics:
1. Field Work on the forefront and bondary islands in Indonesia, Universitas
Indonesia, Sota, Merauke, 2010
Research:
1. Researcher: Method of Social Sciences. Sociology, Under Graduate Programme,
Universitas Indonesia, 2011.
2. Researcher: “Study About Characteristic of The Scavengers in South
Tangerang”. Lab Sosio Universitas Indonesia - Danone. 2011.
3. Researcher: “Investigating Jakarta Resident’s Preference for Changes to
Landscape Along the Ciliwung River: A Choice Experiment”. Urban Studies.
2013 – now.
Skills:
Software: SPSS, Microsoft Office
Working Experiences:
1. Lab Sosio Universitas Indonesia (2009)
Position : Data Entry Staff
2. Department of Antrophology (2011)
Position : Data Entry Staff
3. Lantan Bentala (2011)
Position : Project Officer of Pasukan Pemelihara Bumi (Earth
Keeping Forces)
4. Marketing Research Indonesia (2011 – 2012)
Position : Supervisor Field
5. Detikcom (2012)
Position : Journalist
6. Lab Sosio Universitas Indonesia (2013)
Position : Data Entry Staff
CV April 2013 Page 2
SEMINAR AND TRAINING
1. Seminar dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Peta Digital dengan Quantum GIS Untuk Perangkat
Desa
Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG). 2012. Trainer
2. Seminar Hari Air Sedunia
Pusat Studi Jepang UI. 2011. Participant
3. Strategi Kebudayaan untuk Kepemimpinan Masa Depan Bangsa Indonesia
Pusat Studi Jepang UI. Participant
4. Seminar Geography Days 2010: Menguak Rahasia Benua Atlantis "The Lost Continent
Finally Found"
FMIPA UI. 2010. Participant
5. Seminar Agrometeorologis
FISIP Universitas Indonesia. 2010. Participant
6. One day seminar “Global Positioning System (GPS)”
FMIPA UI. 2010. Participant
7. One Day Seminar “Privatisasi Air: Komersialisasi Air di Indonesia”
FMIPA Universitas Indonesia. 2010. Participant
SKILLS
Software : Arc GIS, Quantum GIS, And ENVI
Equipment : GPS
WORKING EXPERIENCE
1. Dinas Tata Ruang Kota Bekasi (2012)
Position : GIS Operator
Responsibility : Database RTRW Kota Bekasi
2. Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Bogor Regency (2012)
Position : GIS Operator
Responsibility : Database REDIS Kabupaten Bogor
3. Kementrian Perumahan Rakyat
Position : Surveyor
Responsibility : Mapping road of new housing at Batam, Kepualauan Riau
4. Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Jakarta Utara
Position : Surveyor
Responsibility : Mapping green area at North Jakarta
CV April 2013 Page 1
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DETAIL
Name :
Sex : Male
Place and Date Birth : Karanganyar,17 January 1991
Address :Taman Griya Kencana Blok A5/26, Tanah Sareal, Bogor
Phone Number : +628562533241
Email :
FORMAL EDUCATION
2009 – Now : Student at Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematic
and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
2006-2009 : SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar
2003-2006 : SMPN 1 Kebakkramat
1997-2003 : SDN 3 Kemiri
ACADEMIC
2012 : Joint Field Work University of Indonesia – University of Sydney,
Australia 2012 at Ciwidey and Toraja
ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIENCE:
2010-2012 : Member at Kelompok Studi Geografi UI (KSG)
2010-2011 : Member at Himpunan Mahasiswa Departemen Geografi (HMDG-
UI)
2010-2011 : Reporter at Majalah Lintang 0 Departemen Geografi, FMIPA UI
27
Data Processing
Coding
Map Making
First Analysis
End of Analysis
Report Making
28
M. Budgeting Plan
Recap Expenses Percentage (Max)
I. Fees 0,30 $ 3.240,00
II. Stationary 0,10 $ 1.080,00
III. Data processing and collecting 0,60 $ 6.480,00
FEES (I)
Number of Person Months Fees Total Fees
Senior Researcher (2) 2 5 134 1.340
Junior Researcher (2) 2 5 110 1.100
Surveyor (2) 2 5 80 800
TOTAL I 3.240
SECRETARIAT (II)
Unit Set Unit Set Fee Total fee ($)
Stationery 1 Package 35 35
Photocopy 1 Package 5 months 25 125
Printer Ink Refills 1 Package 3 use 40
29
120
Papers 7 rim 5 35
Communication Fees 1 Package 5 months 50 250
The Difference by Inflation Rate 500 500
TOTAL II 1.065
DATA COLLECTION(III)
Unit Set Unit Set Fee Total fee ($)
Trip I (Pre Survey Trip)
Plane Ticket Jakarta - Maumere (Round-Trip) 3 Persons 2 Tickets (Round-Trip) 150 900
Airport Tax 3 Persons 2 Tickets (Round-Trip) 10 60
Car Rent 1 Package 50 50
Consumption 3 Persons 4 Days 10 120
Hotels 2 Rooms 4 Days 10 80
GPS rental 1 Device 4 Days 5 20
Trip II ( Investigation Trip)
Plane Ticket Jakarta - Maumere (Round-Trip) 6 Persons 2 Tickets (Round-Trip) 150 1.800
Airport Tax 6 Persons 2 Tickets (Round-Trip) 10 120
Car Rent 1 Package 100
30
100
Main Team Consumption 6 Persons 4 Days 10 240
Surveyor Consumption 2 Persons 17 Days 10 340
Main Team Hotels 3 Rooms 4 Days 10 120
Surveyor Hotels 1 Rooms 17 Days 10 170
Implementation of Local FGD 1 Package 2 use 70 140
FGD'S Speaker Fee 10 Persons 2 use 10 200
Souvenir Interview 10 Persons 1 10
Interview's Informant Fee 10 Persons 10 100
Local Guide Fees 1 Package 2 Persons 130 260
GPS rental 1 Device 4 Days 5 20
Video Recorder Rental 2 Device 21 Days 3 126
Trip III ( Overview Survey Trip)
Plane Ticket Jakarta - Maumere (Round-Trip) 3 Persons 2 Tickets (Round-Trip) 150
900
Airport Tax 3 Persons 2 Tickets (Round-Trip) 10 60
Car Rent 1 Package 50 50
Consumption 3 Persons 5 Days 10 150
31
Hotels 2 Rooms 5 Days 10 100
Implementation of Local FGD 1 Package 1 use 70 70
FGD'S Speaker Fee 10 Persons 1 use 10 100
Data Processing
Renting a Place for Workshop 1 Package 2 Days 30 60
Total III 6.466
TOTAL (I+II + III) $ 10.771
SUMMARY
Local wisdom arise according to each specific location, especially its geographic elements, i.e. topography, climate, or typical conditions of its environment. Without the development of local wisdoms, communities could not revive from disasters which frequently occur any time. Local wisdoms are used as a means to adapt with their disaster prone environment, and help the local community to survive because of their extraordinary resilient nature. In disaster situation, programs were developed to facilitate victims and bring them back to their normal life. Evidence showed that this approach did not satisfy and accomplish the victims need. This research try to nourish the approach that has been developed by enhancing with cultural approach. Understanding culture as social capital might strengthen and stimulating the economic resilience programme. Based on its background and identification of problems, questions raised in this study include:
1 What kind of local wisdom that influence community social capital? 2 How social capital be able to strengthening the community economic resilience ? 3 How social capital implemented in economic resilience programme? 4 How is the linkage between social capital and disaster management regulation? Disaster is a nature incident that happened without clear warnings. People that lives in vulnerable
areas of disaster have early warning system that based on nature. They develop the knowledge base on experience and custom that inheritage from generation to generation. Today, local wisdom which is the substance of culture that lives in the community is not well understandable.
Culture is a unique footprint of a community. It prevents the community especially from external exposes. In facing disaster impact, culture is also community’s capacity. In preventing the community, culture could be dissected in two types, namely tight culture and loose culture. Tight culture composed of ritual, symbols and local wisdom that cultivate local knowledge. On the other hand, loose culture is function as potential source in involving outsider stakeholders. Loose culture provides opportunity to have a raltionships with outsider in creating social, economic and political intevention. In this research intervention is intended to flourish economic opportunity.
The team consists of experts from different areas. Widyawati is a geographer that expands her interest in human behavior, including adaptation and resilience in disaster situation. Septiady is an anthropologist. His expertise is in identification symbols and rituals as community power. Dom and Sondang are young scholars that develop their knowledge in human ecology and climate change issue as well.
Research methods used will be the qualitative method which is similar to the naturalistic inquiry characteristics. The focus of the study will involve people, groups, communities, programs, and patterns of relationship or interactions wherein all shall be viewed in its natural context (as is). The study is designed according to ethnography in the spatial context. Ethnography is understood as the central role of culture in understanding the way of life of the groups being studied. The spatial outlook will explain the geographic characteristics which develop local values adopted in the community. The study result will be scale up into local government policy and action programme as well.
Government of Indonesia Law No.24/2007 on Disaster Management. Several articles mentioning people’s empowerment, while several other are concerning on culture knowledge. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province itself already has policy on disaster responses. These policies developed after the Tsunami event in 1992. In 2008 they issued Regulation No. 16 on Disaster Management Implementation. In 2009 they issued Regulation No. 16 on Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah). Then the Regional Disaster Management Agency issued Decree of the Head of the Regional Disaster Management Agency NTT No. 2009 on combating Enforcement Agency Strategic Plan for Regional Disaster Year 2009-2013.
Regional Research Competition 2013
Toward a More Resilient Society
Application Cover Page
Reserach Proposal
Project Title : Local Wisdom as Basis of Social Capital in Strengthening Community
Resilience at Reroroja Village, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Total Budget : 10,771$
Project Duration : 5 Months
Research Team
No. Of Members : 6 persons
Project Leader
1. Name : MSP Institution : Urban Studies PostGraduate
Program, Universitas Indonesia Current Position : Lecturer
Highest Educ. Attainment : Master Degree
Nationality : Indonesia
Gender : Woman
Age : 53 years old
Mailing Address: Jl.Palem Raja II no 24 TamanYasmin Sektor 5 Bogor, Indonesia
Phone (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
Mobile (Incl country + area codes) : +62-8164808150
Fax (Incl country + area codes) : 6221 – 3908264
Members :
2. Name :
Institution : Urban Studies PostGraduate Program, Universitas Indonesia Current Position : Lecturer
Highest Educ. Attainment :Doctoral Degree
Nationality : Indonesia
Gender : Male
Age : 42 years old
Mailing Address : Jl. Tebet Utara IVC, No.11A. Jakarta Selatan (12820)
E-Mail :
Phone (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
Mobile (Incl country + area codes) : +6281908356420
Fax (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
3. Name :
Institution : Urban Studies PostGraduate Program, Universitas Indonesia
Current Position : Researcher
Highest Educ. Attainment : Master Degree
Nationality: Indonesia
Gender : Woman
Age : 27 years old
Mailing Addres : Jl. Mansur No 42 A, RT/RW : OO4/007, Kebagusan, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta
E-Mail :
Phone (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
Mobile (Incl country + area codes) : +628159082829
Fax (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
4. Name :
Institution : Urban Studies PostGraduate Program, Universitas Indonesia
Current Position : Researcher
Highest Educ. Attainment : Master Degree
Nationality: Indonesia
Gender : Male
Age : 26 years old
Mailing Address :Jln. Gadung II No105 RT 05/ RW 03 PondokRanji CiputatTimur,Tangerang,Banten. 15412
E-Mail :
Phone (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
Mobile (Incl country + area codes) : +6285694214703
Fax (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
5. Name :
Institution : Urban Studies PostGraduate Program, Universitas Indonesia Current Position : Postgraduate Student
Highest Educ. Attainment : Bachelor Degree
Nationality: Indonesia
Gender : Male
Age : 22 years old
Mailing Address : Gg. Duku I no 9A Jajar, Surakarta, Indonesia
E-Mail : Phone (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264 Mobile (Incl country + area codes) : +6285694214703 Fax (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
6. Name :
Institution : Department of Geography, Universitas Indonesia
Current Position : Undergraduate Student
Highest Educ. Attainment : High School
Nationality: Indonesia
Gender : Male
Age : 22 years old
Mailing Address : Taman Griya Kencana Blok A5/26, Tanah Sareal, Bogor
E-Mail : Phone (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264 Mobile (Incl country + area codes) : +6281381929967 Fax (Incl country + area codes) : +6221 – 3908264
APPROVAL LETTER
Hereby I acknowledge the research team to submit the proposals for the Regional Research Competition
(RRC) with the theme : Toward a More Resilient Society
Title of Research : Local Wisdom as Basis of Social Capital in Strengthening Community Resilience
Name of Institution
Team Coordinator
Member of Team
at Reroroja Village, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
: Urban Studies Postgraduate Program, Universitas
Indonesia :
:
Location of Study : Rerorejo Village, Magepanda Sub District, Sikka District, East Nusa
Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Number of budget : 10,771$
Jakarta, 29th April 2013
Head of Urban Studies Program