LNG Facilities

GE Flow Solutions Gerard Bottino/Jim Gibson June 2016

GE Measurement & Control

Agenda

* GE Flow Solutions for LNG Plants

• Natural Gas and LNG Flow Processes

• How LNG is Dynamically Measured

with Ultrasonics? • Process Meters

• Custody Transfer of LNG: The Next

Step? • Water Measurement

* Questions and Discussion

Subsea Systems • Subsea trees & wellheads

• Subsea power & processing

• Controls

• Manifolds

• Flexible risers

• Flow lines

• Specialty connectors & pipes

Digital Solutions • Asset condition monitoring

• Vibration monitoring solutions

• Control sensing & inspection solutions

• Optimization & diagnostic software

• Pipeline inspection and integrity services

• Flow metering

• Moisture, Oxygen and Gas Analysis

Drilling & Surface • Drilling risers

• Blow-out preventers

• Electric submersible pumps

• Logging & wire line tools

• Surface wellheads & flow control

• Logging services

• Well Performance Services

› Lufkin

› Artificial lift: rod lift, gas lift, plunger lift, progressive cavity pumps, hydraulic pumping units

› Service & repair

› Engineered industrial gears

› Fluid film bearings

Turbomachinery Solutions • Gas turbines

• Axial & centrifugal compressors

• Electric motor driven compressors

• Turn-key industrial modular solutions

• Turboexpanders & heat exchangers

• Contractual & maintenance services

• Upgrades & industrial applications

• Monitoring & diagnostics

~45,000 employees

~$17B revenues ’13

Downstream Technology Solutions • Steam turbines

• Reciprocating compressors

• Distributed gas solutions – small LNG & CNG

• Pumps, valves & distribution systems

• Blowers & compressors

• Maintenance services & remote monitoring & diagnostics

Delivering customer solutions by applying systems-level engineering across the portfolio

GE O&G: Our Technology

Digital Solutions

• Global business that provides sensing

elements, devices, instruments, and

systems that enable our customers to

monitor, protect, control, and validate their

critical processes and applications. It is a

core technology instruments business,

focused on high growth industries.

• Flow, gas and moisture analyzers

• Temperature and Pressure sensors

• Validation

• Radiation-based applications

• Portable data collection and analyzers

• Proximity, pressure, and seismic sensors

• Leak detection

• Training

Flow Application – Liquefaction Train

Flow Applications – LNG Terminal What gas producers are looking after is the balance from Energy in and out:

Considerations for flowmeters • Low Maintenance

• No/Small Pressure drop

• No Interruption to operations

• Long term stability and drift characteristics

LNG Flow metering

How LNG is Measured Dynamically with Ultrasonics

Ultrasonic Measurement principle

DN

UP

V

L

P

AVQ

TT

TTPV

VC

PT

VC

PT

DOWNUPUPDOWN

DOWNUPUPDOWN

UPDOWN

DOWNUP

sin2

sin

sin

Principle is independent of:

• Velocity of sound (C)

• Viscosity

• Density

• Temperature

• Pressure

Gas Applications

• Zero Pressure Drop = Energy savings on gas compressors and blowers

• Robust, reliable, accurate, high turndown ratio

• Never re-calibrate, minimal service requirements

LNG Process Application Outcomes

Liquid Applications

• Zero Pressure Drop = Reduced risk of LNG Flashing

• BWT Buffers for cryogenic applications = reliability • Removable transducers = Low cost maintenance

• High accuracy, high turndown ratio = improved mass balance of plant

Applications

• Feed Gas

• Fuel Gas

• BOG/Vapor Return • Flare Gas

Applications

• LNG Product

• Cold blow down • Loading Arm

Robust Transducer Technology from GE

Flare Gas Applications • Amine Crystal Build up • Corrosive gases • Changing composition • 0.1 – 394 ft/s flow range • Penalties for signal loss

in USA

Coker Applications • Carbon build up • Meter still works • 650o F temperatures • High viscosity crude • “Trip even” cause DCU

to shut down

These transducers were still working when removed for inspection during a routine shut down!

Considerations:

• No pressure drop allowed; can cause flashing at 600:1 in volume

• Difficult and costly to shutdown, how to service?

• Shrinkage of materials

• Drift over time

• Inner diameter change when looking for premium accuracy

• No high accuracy calibration facility on LNG available…yet

Building a Cryogenic Flowmeter

Starting point is Ultrasonic Flowmeter:

• No pressure drop

• No moving parts, no wear

• No filters or strainers required

• Fully welded construction

• Removable Transducers mounted outside of cryogenic temperatures

• No tendency to drift over time

LNG acoustic transducers

Piezoelement -162C

20C

Traditional-No Buffer

Piezoelement

Buffer

-162C

Traditional Buffer

20C 20C

Piezoelement

Buffer

-162C

Fiber acoustic Buffer

Why use a buffer:

• Transducers are outside of cryogenic environment

• Avoid thermal shock with risk of cracking of crystal

• Transducer can be replaced under process conditions

• No ice forming inside transducer by condensation

• Active Tw measurement possible by pulse echo

BWT Technology

The Buffer & the Transducer

Gas or liquid side

Pipe nozzle

Inner buffer 150 mm Length dependent on

fluid temperature

Removable

Ex-proof design

Transducer

Detail A

Lap-joint flange, 1.5

150# to 2500#

Transducer is easily re-coupled

at this point on the “air” side Kamprofile

Gasket

Raised-face coupler

Detail A

Liquid Process Meters

Spool Design: Example

Butt weld Spool 2 P 1 T

With FWPA

Fully welded construction

Transducers removable

LNG Meters of 12” and 20”

We have supplied up to 44”!

Proven References using BWT on LNG XMT868 + BWT

XMT868 + BWT

XMT868 + BWT

BWT Xducer

XMT868 + BWT

Custody Transfer of LNG: The Next Step?

Adding up all uncertainties:

• Uncertainty of ~ 1%

• Significantly higher for small batches (Source: NMi 2008)

Current Method: Tank Gauging

Level Temperature

Volume

Correction for temp

Correction for pressure

Correction for trim

Tank strapping

Pressure

Sentinel LCT/LNG Key Features

Active Time Compensation in the Buffers:

BWT Transducers

Buffers

Tf (time in fluid)

Tw (‘dead time’ in buffer)

Active Compensation for Tube Expansion/Retraction and Path Length

Thermal Effects Analysis

- Extensive CFD analysis to predict meter thermal effects - Temperature compensation algorithm built in

Sentinel LNG 42” during Assembly

Sentinel LNG 32” during Calibration (Utah)

Sentinel LNG Installation Sentinel LNG

- Lack of straight runs - Piping leg Process Meter had some signal issues due to some small local flashing.

Sentinel LNG installation addressed all the pending issues by providing a smooth, stable and reliable measurement. It is to be noted that flow profile observed is in a « W » shape instead of rather flat as normally expected from the high Reynolds number.

BOG, Vapor Return and Flare Measurements

Low pressure application

• DP meters become less accurate

Boil Off Gas/ Vapor Return Ultrasonics Advantages

High Accuracy/ High Turndown Ratio

• 1 accurate meter for the full flow range

• Allows for high accuracy dynamic flow measurement check of Level

detection

OPEX Savings

• Never need to recalibrate

• Replace transducers without shutting down line

Proven Reliability

• GE uses the same transducers for BOG/ vapor return as in our market leading flare gas meter

• Reliable in cryogenic applications with > 20 years experience.

Proven Track Records on BOG

Proven Track Records on BOG

Proven Track Records on BOG

Water Measurement

Water Intake and Cooling Water lines (FRP/GRP) Big Water lines are now often made out of Fiber Glass Reinforced Plastics or equivalent “light” pipe material. We can install BWT wetted transducer in FRP pipes/nozzles.

Water Intake and Cooling Water lines FRP/GRP

• Big Water lines are now made out of Fiber Glass Reinforced Plastics or equivalent “light” pipe material. With our high performance clamp on transducers we can measure on these applications.

• Underneath, one of the biggest GRP line ever installed: 128” with 2” wall thickness. Water can be measured through metal pipes up to 20ft diameter.

www.gemeasurement.com

Thank you for your attention