1

Vjk kf}

;DkfbsLo

k'vf{+ bo\s tsu' ;DklQ, emLu' snf j ;+:s[lt

lksfs—Vjk gu/kflnsf

g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#( lynfuf÷@)&% k'; !%÷ 2018 December/ NofM$, bf““M!!

lksfs– Vjk gu/kflnsf÷;Dkfbs—cfzfs'df/ lrs+a~hf/÷yfs"—eQmk'/ ckm;]6 k|];kmf]g NofM – )!–^^!))(^, O–d]n – bhaktapurmuni@gmail.com

h]=eL= :tflng

:yfgLo :jfoQtf oftf x:tIf]k -SjTon]u'_ ofodHo";+3, k|b]z j :yfgLo txof sd{rf/Lt pv]+y'v+] 5\jof] ;dfof]hg ofo\u' hs ;/sf/+ cWofb]z hf/Loft .

b'O{ ltxfO{ cy] wfou' :jAj vo\ g]Aj ax'dt bMDxf g]skfof ;/sf/+ ;+;b clwj]zg ;'? h'o 5'+ lbg Gxof]cWofb]z hf/L ofu' vª /fhgLlt1 j ;+ljwfgljbt 5Ss h'of] Rj+u' bM . ;+;btf ldvfkLs 5fo\ cWofb]z hf/Lofo\dfnf < ;sl;g+ Yj Gx\o;M tof] Rj+u' bM .

cWofb]z hf/L ofo\ w'g]j+ ;dfof]hgo\ nfk'+ sd{rf/Lt j :yfgLo txof sd{rf/Lt k'mSsl;g+ cfGbf]ng oft .lghfdtL sd{rf/Lt k|b]z jf :yfgLo txvo\ jf+;f+ lnkf ;lrats jfg] bo\dfu' Aoj:yfof dfu ofª Rj+u' bM;f:yfgLo txof sd{rf/Lt yM lkGtf d]k'+ sd{rf/Lt :jof] kfsM Aojxf/ ofª Rj+u' lje]bof lj?4o Njfª Rj+u' vM .cWofb]z+ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lt % bf :jof] cKjM Hof;f+lkGtf 5u" tx j[l4 ofo\u' j ªfbf :jof] Dxj h"lkGtf u|]8j[l4ofo\u' ;'ljwf lan t/ :yfgLo lgsfoof sd{rf/L to\tf Yj ;'ljwf d? . ;+3, k|b]z jf :yfgLo Gxofu' x] yf;o\ Hof;flgk'+ sd{rf/Lt yh' ck'+ /fi6«;]js x] vM . a}wflgs ?k+ jx]+t' txof /fi6«;]jsto\tf 5'+ 5'+ x] kfso\ dHo" .lje]bofo\dHo" /fHo+ ply+vfª Hof ;fg]dM . Jojxf/ ofo\ dM .

cMts :yfgLo tx+ yMtf dMu' hgzlQm ydg+ x] tof] jof]Rj+u' vM . sd{rf/Lt s/f/+ to\u' c:yfoL to\u'gkf+ :yfyL ofo\u' Hof :yfgLo tx+ oª jof] Rj+u' vM . t/ ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog -5o\n]u'_ ‰jno\ :yfgLo txtf dMk'+hgzlQm gkf+ s]Gb|+x] 5f]of]x\ou' ofo\ tf+u' bM . Yj :yfgLo :jfoQtf Sjt]n]u' Hof -x:tIf]k_ vM . YjHof :yfgLo:jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% :jof] g+ k|ltufdL vM . Sjxof]+u' vM . ;+3Lotfof efjgf j ;+3, k|b]z j :yfgLo ;/sf/k'mSs yMyMu' yf;\o :jtGq vM . ;'+;'ofu'+ clwgo\ Rjg] DjM . g]Mkof ;+ljwfgof dltof cvM 5'+ g+ vfF Hof h'ok}mdv' . ;+ljwfgof efjgf ljkl/t Hof;fg]u' clwsf/ ;'oftf+ d? . k'mSsHof s]Gb|+x] ofo\u' vM;f ;+3 5fo\dfnf < pls+ ;+3Lotf vfFvo\ dv' Hofvo\ 5\on]dM . u'ls+ ;+3Lotf xHofª jfg] k}m .

Vjk kf}

2

-sf= /f]lxt+ Rjof b\o"u' ‘:tflngofhLjgL’ vo\ cfwfl/t_

?;of ltkmln;of uf]/L wfou'zx/] @! l8;]Da/ !*&( v'Gx'“ :tflngofhGd h"u' vM . josof df+ofu' gf+Psft]l/gf vM ;f af}ofu' gf+ h'u'zlanLvM . t:s+ wdf{TdfDxf Psft]l/gf+ yMRjªfu' ufdo\ :s"n d?u'ln+ uf]/L 3fo\u'zx/o\o+s ̂ bf bMDxf :tflngoftf wfld{s:s"no\ egf{ oft . drfano\ josofgf+ zf]–zf] vM .

t:s+ d ]xgtLDxf zf ]–zf ]-:tflng_ ul/as'no\ hGd h"u'ln+ go\Tjg]of ;d:of+ t:s+ uf+l;Dxf gkf+ OnoAono\ la/fdL g+ h'O . df+of t:s+of]Dxfzf]–zf] af}Dxfl;of cKjM Aj+s]u' :jof]nsf+ ;'o\u' Hofvo\ x] Ajª o+s]u' dltt} . jo\s !! bfof a};o\ yM af} dbo\w's+josof df+oftf sfo\ uy] Ajnf+s]u' wfo\u'kL/ h'n . cn] josof df+ Psft]/Lgf+;'Hof ;'ou' Hof ofª kl/jf/of Tjfr"nfs]u' ofªlbn . pAn] zf]–zf] of gf+:tflng tn .

!*($ ; :s"no\ Ajg] l;wo\s!% bof :tflng ltkmln;of 5u"wd{zf:qof :s"no\ egf{ h'n . j 5u"/fhwfgL h'u'ln+ cfgf yLyL sf/vfgfgkf+ dhb'/ cfGbf]ngof ljsf; h"u'yfo vM . cfgfof :s"n, sn]ho\ yLyL/fhgLlts vf“ NxfOu' j qmflGtof jx;ofOu' yfo\ h'n .

:tflng Ajlgu' :s"no\ g+

;dfhjfb j qmflGtof vf“ NxfOk'+ljBfyL{to\u' 5u" k'rM bM . u'ls :tflngg+ ;b:o h'of] sfn{dfS;{ j sDo'lgi6to\u'ljifo Ajg]u' 5nkmn ofo\u' ofª lbn .lnkf jos jx] ;"r's -u'Kt cWoog_Ajg]u' k'rM of g]tf h'of] lbn . !& b“of:tflngof Wofg ck ;dfhjfb j qmflGtkfv] Sj;fn . josn+ sfn{dfS;{of‘k'“hL’ cn] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{of 3f]if0ffkqj sDo'lgi6 ljrMof ;fkm't Ajª lbn .!^ b“of Ono\x] jos hlh{ofnL ;fdflhshgjfbL dhb'/ kf6L{of ;b:o h'of] b\o\u'vM . pu' kf6L{ ofo\u' gf+ lnkf ‘sDo'lgi6kf6L{’ tn .

Yjx] kf6L{ gkf+ :jfk'tof]dfS;{jfbof k|rf/ k|;f/ ofo\u' emjno\jo\s+ n]lggof g/f]blgsjfbof lj?4o\Rjof b\o"u' ‘sfg'gL dfS;{jfb’ j ‘cy{jfb’

wfo\u' Rj;' Ajª bo";]nL+ pls+ k|efljth'of] n]lgggkf+ :jfk' to\u' dlt tof]lbn .

pu ' Ono \ ?;o \ t:s +cTofrf/LDxf h'h' hf/+ /fHoofª Rj+u'vM . lrRofx|f+u' b]zo\ xdnfofªn'6]ofODxf cn] yMu' b]zo\ t:s+zf ] i f0 fofODxf hf/of lj?4o \sDo'lgi6to\;+ lj/f]w ofª ju' vf“:tflngtf t:s+ of] . zf]if0f+ d'Qm h'ou'vf“ sDo'lgi6to\u' Rj;' j sfn{dfS;{of;fkm'vo\ Rjof] t}u'ln+ :tflng+ t:s+ Wofgtof] chu' ;fkm' Ajª lbn . !( bf“ofOno\ dhb'/ ;+u7go\ Hof ;f“ ;f+ yMtfyLyL ;}4flGts?k+ :oNnfDxf dfS;{jfbLof?ko\ Dxfl;Os] lan . hf/ ;/sf/ofu'Ktr/ to\;+ l;Os josof sf]7fo\vfg tnf;L sMan] sfn{dfS;{of ;km'n'of] ju'ln+ !*((vo\ josoftf :s"n+lkltg . jos ;RrfDxf qmflGtsf/Lh"u'ln+ 5lt+x] dUof;+] hf/ ;/sf/No+yfg]u' j qmflGt ;kmn ofo\t lg/Gt/Hof ;fª lbn . cfvM Aj+s]u' cn]c8\8fo\ sfl/Gbfof Hof ;fª axgL–axgL dhb'/ ;+u7go\ Hof;fg]u' ‰jno\lrRof lrRofx|f+u' ;'wf/of vf“ NxfOk'+gkf+ Njf Njf+ xHofª Rj+u' Ono\ ;g\!()) vo\ n]lggof O:qmf -lkmln+uf]_ldu'nL gf+of klqsf Kofxf“ jn . plsoflarM gkf+ yM u' lar ldn] h"u'ln+ josgkf+ ;lts]u' larM oft . josofGx\on'jfo\ !()! clk|n @@ v'g'+ dhb'/

h]=le= :tflng M -!*&(–!(%#_ ofu'aMrf xfsu' hLjgL

h]=eL=:tflng

3

Vjk kf}to\u' h'n'; lksu'oftf n]lggof O:qmfklqsf+ Rj5fo\axu' Hof bs Rjt .cAn] hf/ ;/sf/+ :tflngoftf ldvfno\jf+u' w' eM lkof] Hjg]u' s't of;]ln+jos e"ldut h'of]lbn . cn] s]lT;e]nLgkf+ ldn] h'of] !()! ;]K6]Da/o\ ;+3if{ -a|8\hf ]nf_ wfo"u' klqsf lkyfªdhb'/to\tf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbof vf“sfg]u' p2]Zo tn . yMu' x] u'Kt 5fkfvfgfbo\s krf{t lksfof] hgtfto\tf ;r]toffof+ jfgf cn] ( dfr{ !()@ v'g'af6'do\ 5u" :oNnfu' h'n'; jo\sofg]t[Tjvo\ lksfn . u'ls+ t+Djo\sDxf hf/;/sf/+ :tflngtf Hjª h]no\ s'g .h]no b'g] g+ jos+ qmflGtsf/L ultljlwGxofs+t+' o+sn . !()# vo\ josoftfsfnfkfgLof h]n ;hfo lan . n]lggofkf}sfy+ cfgfg+ lj;]jof] hgtfof bYjLjfªSjft'u' ;+u7g bosn . josn+ Rjfk'sdh';+] h'odMu' cn] n]lggof ‘5knf xMg]g]kfnf lng]’ gf+of ;fkm' Ajg]tf g+ cg'/f]wofª lbn . !()% hgj/L ( cfOtaf/v'g'+ ;/sf/L bnfn to\u' g]t[Tjvo\Uofkf]g dhb'/ cfGbf]ng Gx\ofsn . hf/;/sf/+ oSj dhb'/to\tf :oft . y'lstf‘cfOtaf/] xTofsf08’ hs wfO . cn];/sf/L bnfn to;+ ;/sf/gkf+;Demf}tf oft . :tflng+ y'lstf t:s+3[0ff ofª lbn .

pAn] ?;of ;fdflhs hgjfbLkf6L{ b'g] qmflGtofo\dMk'+ ax'dt kIf-af]Nz]las_ j ;Demf}tf ofo\dMk' +-d]G;]las_ cNkdt kf6L{ vfg] bt .cfOtaf/] xTofsf08of abnf sfo\u' dlt+af]Nz]las to\;+ ;z:q cfGbf]ngxHofsn . qmflGtof ldAjfnf b]zo\ªf+sRofª Rjg . !()% vo\ :tflng

lkmgNof08o \ emfof ] n ] lgggkf +v“NxfaNxfofª sfg'gL j u}/sfg'gL;+3if{of gLlt tof/ ofª lbn . :tflng+c/fhstfjfb of ;dfhjfb wfo\u' Rj;'Rjof] hgtfto\tf ;r]t ofª lbn .

!()* vo\ :tflngtf Hjªh]no\ s'g . pls+ lnkf jos afs'emfn . !(!) vo\ r]sf]:nf]eflsofo\h"u' v'su" ;Dd]ng+ :tfnLgof Gx\on'jfo\s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt -d' u'ly+_ lg:jfg . c=af]N;]ljs kf6L{ gf+ tof] sfg'gL ju}/sfg'gL ;+3if{ofo\u' vf“ Sjlhsn .

pAn] ;'gvfgL %)) Dxf dhb'/t:ofu'of lj?4o\ :tflng+ * nfv %)xhf/ dhb'/to\u' x8tfnof g]t[Tj ofªlbn . yhu' Ono\ k|ltlqmofjfbL cemt:s+ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+:yf bM ;f+ chu';+:yfo\ g+ åx“jfª qmflGttf UjfxfnL ofokm}wfo\u' gLlt Hjª k|ltlqmofjfbL to\u'r'gfjo\g+ efu sfof] qmflGtof lg+lt+5on]dM wfo\u' ljrM Kj+s lbn . pAn]n]lggof lgb{]zgo\ k|fAbf -;To_ gf+ofklqsf lkyfg .

!(!$ vo\ Gxfkf+u' ljZj o'4vo\?; j hf/ yfo\ yf;o\ a';]ln+ Tofu'/fHotf w]af -If]ltk"lt{_ k'n]tf hgtfto\s]oSj oSj s/ sfsn . plsof lj?4o!(!& hgj/L dlxgf hf/ ;/sf/oflj?4o\ ljzfn h'n'z Gx\ofsn .;/sf/L ;]gfof xltof/ n'6]ofª ;z:qcfGbf]ng Gx\ofsn . hf/ ;/sf/+ uf]nLso\s]u' cfb]z Ao";f+ ;]gf dfg] dh';+]@& km]a'|c/L v'g'+ ^) xhf/ ;]gf hgtfgkf+ ldn]h'jn . hf/of dGqLto\tfHjªxn . qmflGtsf/Lto\tf h]n d'Qmoft . hf/ tGq vQd h'n . t/k'“hLkltto\;+ ;Qf sAhfoft y'lsoftf

‘km]a|'c/L qmflGt’ wfO .n]lgg lgjf{;g+ cn] :tflng

sfnfkfgL+ Nofxf“ emfof] af]N;]ljs kf6L{k'“hLjfbL qmflGttf ;dfhjfbL qmflGtvo\lxn]u' u'ls+ hgtfof Joj:yf xo\u' vf“Sjlht . !* h'g v'g+' n]lgg :tflngoflgb{]zgo\ k]6«f]uf8{o\ $ nfv dhb'/h'n'; lksu'ln k'“hLklt ;/sf/+ uf]nLso\sn . gkf+ n]lggoftf /fhb|f]x d'2frn]of;]ln+ hgtf emg cfqmf]l;t h'of]k'“hLjfbL ;/sf/of lj?4o\ ;+3if{Gx \ofsn . :tflngof g]t [Tjvo\;/sf/L c8\8f, clkm;t sAhfoft .k]6«f ]uf8{of l;kfxLto\;+ k' “hLjfbLdGqLto\tf Hjª xn . b]zof cKjMyf;o\ hgtf+ sAhfoft . k'“hLjfbL;/sf/g+ vQd h'n . !(!& cS6f]a/of pu' qmflGtoftf ‘?;L cS6f]a/;dfhjfbL qmflGt’ hs wfO . n]lggof g]t[Tjvo\ dGqLkl/ifb\ bo\sn .yfo\yf;o\ ;dfhjfbL qmflGttf wf]sfljOlkGtf :tflng+ ba]ofof+ ;dfhjfboftfDjfsn . pls+ n]lgg+ jo\stf ‘nfnem08f’ of kbaL laof] lbn . !(@@vo\ :tflng kf6L{of dxf;lrjvo\Non . g]Dxfl;of ;Nnfx+ nfn ;]gfbo\sn .

!(@$ hgj/L @! of lbg;+n]lggof d[To' h'ow'+s yfo\yf;o\ a'vfl6g,qfT:sL yhk'+ wf]v]jfhlk+; ;dfhjfbLqmflGtoftf Wj:t ofo\ tf+;f+ chlkGtfc;kmn ofof+ :tflngof ;an g]t[Tjvo\?; ;fd|fHojfbL lj/f]wL zlQmof ?ko\w:jfsn . josn+ cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6cfGbf]ngof ;+/If0fg+ ofª lbn . ;g\!(%# dfr{ ( v'g'+ jos+Yj ;+;f/ Tjtlbn .

Vjk kf}

4

:jf:Yo lgaf;o\ :jf:Yo le+s]tf jk'+lrlgof“ ld;fdrft j ldh+drft yL yL :jefjofo\k'+ vfg] bM . uf+–ufd+ jk'+ ld;fdrf j ldh+drft lnefno\ Hof;fª jk'+ j kmo\ gkf+ NjfªHof;fª jk'+ h'u'nL+ t:s+ aNnf vfg]bM .ld;fdrft 5Hj/fu' j;+ k'ª jk'+ ;f“ Rofª tMk'+;dfofª dj;f+ :jo\Ho"u' Ho"v+ aNnf vfg] bM .;x/of ldh+drf uf+;Lh';f+ Dxf tMlx| vfg] bM .cy] x] ld;fdrf emg w]krf uf“l;rf vfg] bM;f+stfdf/Ly]+ af+nf .

tfM tfkfu' ufd+ jk'+ ld;fdrf j ldh+drfto\ aofo\ Hofofo\ dflnu' elnan,af:s]6an lDxt]u' j csl8{· -Nxfg]dflnu' em\oft'u'afhf_ yfo\ of] ;f ;x/+ j k'+ ldh+ j ld;fdrfto\6]a'n6]lg; lDxt]of] cn] EjfOn]g -a]nf_ lutf/j chu' lrRof¥xf+u' afhf yfo\ of] .

ufdo\g+ jk'+ ld;fdrft ;f]emf, l;wf,;/ngkf+ d]lkGtf clejfbgofª Gxo]n Gx\o]n vf“Nxfª labf km\jª jflg . ;x/of ld;f–ldh+drft r~rn, 5fn]UoMk' + cn] lx;Lbo\s

vf“Nxfo\;Mk'+ h'u'ln+ chu' Hofvo\ ck'+ xMg] nf .lh -gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“_ wM;f O{

ldn]h'nls+ jk'+ lrlgof“ kf;fk'+ gkf+ cfgfofls;fgto\u' hLjg, sDo'g j a'“Hofof ljifon]vf“ Gog]u' h'n . ck'+dWo] Dxf]hs dg" c+u|]hL;Mk'+ h'u'ln+ 5Dxf efo\ lxlnDxf bf]efif]of UjfxfnL+;x/of lrlgof“ kf;flkGs] rLgofo\u' Oltxf;,lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ j /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o;fDojfbL l;4fGtgkf+ g]kM j rLgofo\u' :jfk'ofljifo Ajg]sfg] gkf+ v“NxfaNxfg+ ofo\u' .

pAn] -y+:jof] ^) bf Gx\of]_ emLu' g]kfMb]zo\ ld;fdrfto\;+ ;fOsn uMu' dvfªfu'ln+rLgo\ ld;fldh+ gkf+ 5u"+t'+ ;fOsn] Rjª jf+u'vfªfan] crDa h'of] :jof] Rjg]u' . a+ufnL jg]kfnL ld;f–ldh+drf ldn]h'of] pAn]of lrlgof“ld;f drto\u' cj:yf ljifo l;Os]u' dlt+ :jf:Yolgjf;of k|zf;ggkf+ :jfk' tof . 5jM -xKtf_lnkf @ tf Ono\ lg;]+ $ tf Ono\of g]3f} O{ gkfnfo\tf Sjlhsn .

lh -/f]lxt_ gkf+ vf“Nxfo\ d+bo\sk'+ ld;fdrfj ldh+ drfto\;+ aMrfwf+u' vf“UjM w's' jljZjsf]z (Encyclopedia) yhu' ;km' Hjªj}u' . pls g]kMofo\u' e"uf]n, Oltxf;, cy{tGq,/fhg}lts bnto\u'af/], ;+;b, g]kfn rLg d}qL;+3 gkf+ yL yL gf+ hk'+ JolQmTj lklgu' Dxfl;Osfcflb Rjof] tMu' h'of] Rjgf . emLs] yf}+ ts g+chu' -ljZjsf]z_ ;fkm' d?lg . emLu' Ps]8]dL+y'v]kfv] Wofg tMu' vfg] d? .

lrlgof“ ld;fvnMof 5Dxf d'u'lyof g]t[dlxnf ljefuof 5Dxf k|ltlglw+ g]Dxf Ujfxflnldk'+gkf+tof] g]Dxf g]Dxf g]kfnL j a+ufnL ld;frf

lrlgof“ ld;fdrfto\u' l:yltof ljifono\ ¤g]dlskfof gfof] efh' gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“ -/f]lxt_

5

Vjk kf}ldh+rft Rjª v“NxfaNxf h'n . lrlgof“ ld;fvnMofg]t[ k'nf+u' rLgo\ ld;fto\tf t:s+ yfs'u', cldu'l:ylt t:s+ sgfrfo\k'u', 5'+x] clwsf/ d?k'+ dg"ofNofvo\x] dnfk'+ b'MvL dg"t bs sªlbn . ;fdGtLJoj:yf j pklgj]zjfbL ;dfh+ofª cldu' b'Mvdtf+u' vf“ Aofs lbn . ;g\ !($( hgj/L lnkfu0ftGq rLg ;/sf/ lg:jfg] w'+s ld;fto\u' d'lQmoflg+lt+ lrlgof“ ld;f vnMoftf lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{+5u" v];|f bo\s]tf ;Nnfx lan . pu" Ono\ bo\su'pu" ljw]os lnkf lrlgof“ Olxkfof sfg'gsfy+ kfl/th'n .

pu" Olxkfof sfg'gcg';f/+ ld;fldh+ g]Dxfl;of/fhLafhL+hs Olxkf h'okm}u', bYjL ;'g+ x]o\s, dv'u'vf“ Nxfª, emfª\unfª nfvfbf+ sfof], hfno\nfsOlxkf ofsu' l;n wM;f tM ¥xf+u' ;hfo h'Ou' h'n .cn] yMj+ So+k'+ -xf8gftf_ 8fS6/+ l;kmfl/; dofk'+Njo\ bMk'+ gkf+ Aof]x dh'Ou' lnkf 5'+h'of] Rjg]dkmof]jk'+ ld;fldh+ g]Dxf+ gkf+ tof] Ho"l5+ Ho"sf] ldn] ofª5\jo\u', ld;frfkfv]ofo\k'+ dfg]dh';f kf/kfr's]ofªdrfvfrf bMk'+ h";f lglZrt pd]/o\ts df+–Ajfofgftf+ cldtf gs] Tj+s] j Aj+s]u' gkf+ nlxodMu'sfg'g bo\sn . cn] ljjfx btf{ dof;]+ dufu' g+lgod kf; oft .

cn] drfano\x] -afn ljjfx_ Olxkfofªlaod?u', cgd]n -pd]/ cflb ldn]dh'u'_ ljjfx,OR5fdbo\s ha/h:tL Olxkfofª ljo d?u' gLltkf;oft . y'lsoftf dfg]dofOlkGtf ;hfo ofOu'h'n . t/ Jojxf/o\ /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs j;f“:s[lts ?k+ xHofo\ w'+su' k|fGt j yfo\of ld;fdrfoSj vf“ y" k'+ j 5fn] UoMk'+ h'u'ln+ 5knf xHofOu'h'n . 5fo\wM;f 5'+ g+ b]zo\ km'Ss yfo\ plQ+ Uo+sljsf; h'Odv' . cy] h'u'ln+ rLg]g+ plsof ckjfbdv' . ;fdGtjfb+ SjTon ljsf; h'odkmu' yf;o\sf]k'nf+u' ;+:sf/ j k'?ifcx+sf/jfb+ofª ld;fdrftxlrlnu' of] tfo\ls dv' . cldu' ;Nnfxoftf

ldv'+rfxfnf+ Bf] t'O dv' wfwf+ ;'g+ ldh+tgkf+ vf“5u" Nxf;f+ DjMd?u' z+sf ofOu', ld;f wfo\Dxf nsf+wfof] t'lt bMtn] nsf+ oSj b} wfwf+ Sjx\o+lsu'vf“Hof rLgo\ g+ bMwfo\u' vf“ y'Osf .

g ]kMof Gxfkf +u ' 6 ]a 'n6 ] lg;sf;fofk|ltlglwd08nof g]t[Tj sdn/f0ff+ ofª b\o"u' vM .blIf0f rLgof yfo\ yf;o\ Dx]t Dx]t+ k]lsª\u y]+an]axlgof Ejo -/fqL ef]h_ vo\ lhldtf g+ ;Mtn .sdn/f0ffof :t/gkf+ HjM nfDxf lrlgof“ ld;fvnofg]t[ 5Dxf g+ gkf+ bL .

sdn/f0ff j d]k'+ g]kfnL j lrlgof“ sf;fdLk'+ldqtf -g]u" b]ofkf;fy]+_ of v“NxfaNxf gkf+ Kofv+Nx'o\u'ln Jo:t h'n . lh -gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]+_lh clhof pd]/lt Yo+Dxf 5Dxf ld;fvnMof g]t[gkf+ lrlgof“ ld;fto\u' l:yltof ljifono\ Gog]u'dlt+ vf“ 5'ªf . josn+ lhtf k'nf+u" rLgo\ ld;fto\u'cj:yfaf/] vf“ sfª lbn . yMu' t'lt SoSo+ jos+wfof]lbn – Gxkf cMofo\k'+ ld;fdrfto\tfy]+ lhldtf:jtGqtf d? . jos+ lhs] 5' g]kMb]zo\ yhu'-klZrd]nL_ Kofv“ d?nf hs Goª lbn . lh+ d?bs ln;M laof . josn+ 5Dxf ;xof]uL ld;f drf;Mt lhtf Kofv+ Nx'o\u' :oª Ao" wfof]lbn . lh+ yMKofv+ Nx'o\ d;ofu' vf“ wfof . cn] j ld;frf+ lh+UjfxfnL ofo\ bs wfn . knvlnkflh+ j ld;fvnMof g]t[oftf wfof — ‘yf} lh+ bsn] Gxkf+ Kofv+Nx'o ;o\sf .’ jos no\tfof] wfof] lbn – k'nf+u'rLgo\ yhu' Kofv+of Joj:yf d? . cM y'lstfcGt/f{li6«o Kofv+ sfy+ lhld;+ ªfn sfof .

lnkflnkf lh+ rLgofo\u' k|ltlglw;efejgofo\u' tMtM ¥xf+u' Hof em\jMvo\ rfp Pg nfOj d] d] k'+ g]tf tM g+ clk|msL g]t[tgkf+ t:s+;f}xfb{|k"j{s nonotfof] Kofv+ Nx"u' vfªf . chu'n'df+s] axu' 36gf j pAn]of ns; -jftfj/0f+_of n'dGtL+ cGt/f{li6«o ldqtf n'df+;] jOu' h'of]Rjgf .

Vjk kf}

6

Gx\o;M ;dfhjfbL ;f ]leot ;ª\3of;+:yfksdWo]of :tflng uhDxf g]tf vM <ln; M sf= h]=eL= :tflng ;f]leot sDo'lgi6 kf6L{-af]Nz]las_ of cys -yfs' dr;+] Hof ;fª bLDxf_;+u7gstf{, dhb'/ cfGbf]ng j /fli6«otfof efjgf+ hMDxf,ju' ;d:ofoftf a'l4dfgL w+u+ Gx+s]u' Ifdtf bMDxfdfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbof af+nfu' 1fg bMDxf 5Dxf ;RrfDxfqmflGtsf/L vM .

n]lgg dbo\w'+s ;f]leot ;ª\3+ j ;dfhjfbofaNnfu' hu to\u'ln+ :tflngof tM x|f+u' nfxf bM . e"ldutOno jos t:s+ /x:o vfg] bM;f+ ;f]leot ;ª\3of:yfkgf lnkf jos t:s+ ;an JolQmTjof sfy+ Dxfl;s]km} . ;fd|fHojfbLto\;+ hMUjof] ofsu' u[xo'4of ;fdgfofo\u' Ono\ yh' jf dfS;{jfbL cfly{s gLlt bo\s]u'nLyh' v'Nnf jf u'Kt?k+ jos km'Ss If]qo xlrn Hofofªbo"Dxf JolQmTj vM .

wd{ j hftLo /fli6«o cxª\sf/jfb, Sjx\of]+u'-;+sL0f{_ /fi6«jfbof lj/f]w j k|hftGqlj/f]wL j;fd|fHojfbL dlt+ -p2]Zo+_ £jft'£jfª Rj+k'+ kmfl;jfb j‘/fli6«o ;dfhjfb’ of gfdo\ ;dfhjfbof lj/f]wLgfhLjfbto\;+ Gx\ofsu' g]su' ljZjo'4 h'O wfo\u' ;+efjgfvfª ;f]leot ;ª\3 j ;dfhjfbtf Djfs to\u' j ck'+gkf+ofNjfk' -cfqmd0f_ vo\ cldtf a's]u' km'Ss km'Ss Vono\-If]qo\_ jos t:s+ ;lqmo j ;kmnDxf JolQm h'of] lbn .

g]u"u' ljZj o'4 vo\ g]u" s/f]8 ?;L hgtfo\;+yMu' alnbfg laof] ;f]leot ?; j ;dfhjfbtf Djfstn .;f]leot ;]gf, Hofk' Hofld j km'Ss nfufof ?;L hgtft:tflngof g]t[Tjvo b]of gLlt ;dlk{t oft . pu" o'4vo\em08} aR5L:jof] cKjM kf6L{ sfo{stf{ ;lxb h'n .

æ:tflngof g]t[Tj+ kmf;Ljfb jgfhLjfbtf a'so\ kmMu' vMÆ

:tflngy+] HjDxf g]tfof g]t[Tj d?u' h";f ;f]leot ;ª\3+kmf;Ljfb j gfhLjfbto\tf ;+;f/+ a's] dkm}u' h'O .

Gx\o;M g]kMof 5'+ 5'+ klqsf+ g]t[Tjof :j]R5frf/Lwfwf+ ‘:tflngjfbL g]t[Tj’ jf ‘:tflngjfbL;+u7gk4lt’ hs Rju' vf“ v+ wfTy+] x] :tflngoftf :j]R5frf/L g]t[Tj wfo\ NjM nf <ln; M c1fgtfof jf; cWoog vM t/ k"jf{u|x j b'/fu|xofjf; d? . cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng j :tflngofaf/] g]kfno\ hs dv' k'“hLjfbL ljrM ‘of Vono\ ckn+e|d Ajnf+s]u' s'tM gkf+ k'jf{u|xL j b'/fu|xL ljrM t Kj+sjof]Rj+u' vfg] bM . km'Ss k'“hLkltto\u' k|rf/ d]bv] cn];f]leot k|rf/ oGqhs 5v]nfs b'u'rfo\tf lvrfrfofou' k|of; ofu' vM . g]u"u' ljZjo'4vo\ o'/f]k, cd]l/sfj t];|f] ljZjvo\ ;f]leot ;ª\3ofu' alnbfg gkf+ ;fx;ofk|z+;f j cldu' af+nfu' k|efj+ Uofª k'“hLjfbL t j;fd|fHojfbLto\;+ ljZj sDo'lgi6 lj/f]wL zLto'4Gx\ofsn .

;fd|fHojfbLto\;+ af+nfsx] y" ls :tflngof g]t[Tj;f]leot ;ª\3] d?u' vM ;f k|hftGq j ;dfhjfb Nolgu'dv' . cy]h"u'ln+ vM u'+ dv'u+' bf]if t+ofx'no\ :tflngtfs'laOs ;dfhjfbtf ;fd|fHojfbLto\Dxf tx|f+Dxf zq' eMlkof]dv'dv'u' vf“ k|rf/ oft .

y'lsof ljifono\ sf= dfcf] T;]t'ª+ wfof] b\o'y+] –æzq+' lj/f]wofOu' tx|f+u' vf“ dv' . u'ls+ emL j ck'+ cMk'sl;o\ b} .Æ ;dfhjfbk|ltof b[9 c8fg, pklgj]zjfblj/f]wLd'lQm, j :jtGqtf ;ª\u|fdof kIfof x'lg+ -sf/0f_ :tflng;fd|fHojfbL to\u' ldvfof w" h"u' vM . t/, Jojxf/o\:tflng km'Ssl;of larMGolgDxf vM . ;fd|fHojfbL j

!#( u"u' :tflngof a'lb+of n;tfo sf=/f]lxtgkf+ofv“NxfaNxf -;|f]= >lds jf kf}_

7

Vjk kf}pklgj]zjfbLto\tf le+ h'Osfy+ Hofofo\u' dlt bMk'+ kf6L{b'g]of ;+zf]wgjfbL, qf]T:sLjfbL j cfTd;dk{0fjfbL larMgkf+ ;}4flGts ;+3if{ ofª bo"Dxf ;RrfDxf of]4f vM .

Gx\o;M :tflng ;+;f/o\ k'“hLjfbL a'l4hLjL j;~rf/dfWod+ s'+lvª tMDxf j dd?Dxf ;f]leotg]tfbs wMu'of sf/0f 5' h'O{ <ln; M k'“hLjfbL a'l4hLjLto\;+ ;f]leot ;ª\3 j:tflngoftf tfl/km ofof+ x]o\s x]o\s Sjyn]tf+u' vf“:tflng+ y'Osu' j yM u' c8fg+ xfDaUjMl5x] dRo"u'ln+lnkf lj/f]wo\ jn . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngof unt tTjoftftfl/km ofª ‘km'6 u/’ of gLlt Hjª kf6L{ t5ofo\u' s'tMoft . pls+g+ 5'+ x] nu] dh';]ln+ JolQmut ?ko\ :tflngoflj/f]w oft . k'“hLjfbL a'l4hLjL to\u' dlt cldu'Joj:yfof cfo' tfM xfs]u' x] vM . pls g+ ck'+ ;kmndh';]ln+ :tflngof lj?4o\ j}u' 5'+ cfZro{of vf“ dv' .;+/f= cd]l/sL /fi6«klt ?Hj]N6 dbo\w'+s pk/fi6«kltq'd]g+ /fi6«kltof zky sfn . pAn] cd]l/sL k|zf;g+Gx"Dxf /fi6«klttf ‘:tflngof larMvo\ Gx\ofo\dt]’ wMu' vf“v+ k'“hLjfbLt josgkf+ u'ln ;r]t wfo\u' vf“ l;o\ b ¤

Gx\o; M n]lgg dbo\ w'+s :tflng g]t[Tjvo\ dju'h";f ;f]leot ;ª\3 j ljZjof Oltxf;o\ 5' uy]kfOu' h'O{ <ln; M ;+zf]wgjfbL j ljZj;3f6L ;f]leot g]tfto\;+ofª x] ;f]leot ;ª\3 dNo+u' vM . u'Kt b:tfj]h -;'r'stof]tMu' uf]Ko vf“_ Kofxf“ j;]ln+ vf“ l;obof] jnls;+;f/of v'Ajo\ 5Aj yfo\ Ton Rj+u' ;f]leot ?;,;+;f/o\ bsn] Gxkf+ ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf xMu' b]z, k]v]/+k'“hLjfbL b]z+ 3]/]ofª tMu' o'/f]kof bsn] ljsf;h'u'b]ztf sM3fª o+s]u' rfgr'gu' vf“ dv' . kf6L{ b'g]l;4fGttf ljZjf;3f6ofª kf6L{ j b]ztf dv'u' nf“k"Oªfo\s]tf :jOk"+ ljZjf;3f6L dg"t gkf+ ;}4flGts ;+3if{ofof+ ljb]zL j zq+' nlxª tM k'+ dl;Os b'g] ;'r'sRjªRj+k'+ g]tf j kf6L{ to\;+ ;f]leot ;ª\3of lj?4o\cg]s hM Ujt . u'Ktr/ ljefu k//fi6« dGqfno jk|x/L gkf+ t:s+ ;lqmo h'of] ;]+s]u' Hof;fª Rjg .

pls+ :tflng+ g]t[Tj ofª bo"an] ;f]leot;ª\3oftf ;+;f/o\ bsn] af+nfu' aNnfu' cf}Bf]lus b]z,lj1fg j k|ljlwof b]z j 5u" t:s+ :oNnfu' b]zof ?ko\RjGx\ofsu' vM . bsn] k'nf+u' k'“hLjfbL b]z+ #)) bf j;+/f= cd]l/sf+ @)) bf las ofodkmu' pBf]u, lj1fg jk|ljlw, ;dfhof ljsf; j lzIffvo\ ofu' k|ult ;f]leot;ª\3 $) bf“of b'g] ofª So+u' 5' :tflngof af+nfu'g]t[Tjof pknAwL dv'nf < wfTy+] vo\s :tflng+ g]t[Tjdsu' h";f g]su" ljZjo'4 Tofs] dkm}u' h'O . !(!& ofOno\ k]l/; sDo'lgi6 :jof] g]Gx'k]Gx' ckf]M qm]dlngo\x\of]+u' em08f -Wjfo“_ cKj Ajof] Rj+jn] jos t:s+ ;Gtf]ifh'of] bo"Dxf dWo] vM .

Gx\o; M ljZjoftf gfhLjfbL j kmf;LjfbLcTofrf/+ hf]u]ofo\tf :tflngof g]t[Tj jnfn;]gfof uhu' of]ubfg bM <ln; M ljZjoftf gfhLjfbL j kmf;LjfbL cTofrf/+hf]u]ofo\tf :tflngof g]t[Tj d?u' vM ;f ;f]leot ;]gfb'g]b'g]of cGt/Wj+z j lkg]of cfqmd0fof sf/0f+ cKj x]Iflt h'Ou' hs dv' plndl5+ alnbfg g+ l;lt+ jflgu'vM . a]nfotof k|wfgdGqL rlr{n+ cfZro{ h'of] wfof]lbn –æolb d]u' u|xtgkf+ a}7s h'Ou' vM ;f k[YjLofg]t[Tjof lg+lt+ :tflngx] kfo\l5 -of]Uo_ Dxf dg" vM .Æ

Gx\o; M yMtf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ wfOk' u'lng+ kf6L{ofdg"to\;+ :tflngtf s'+lvo\u' j Ajyof] y'lnaf+nf,y'nLaf+dnfhs k|ltzto\ vf“ Nxfo\u' ofOlkGtfl5+ 5+' wfof] ;Dem]ofo\ km} <ln; M ;f]leot ;ª\3 j ;f]leot sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ b'g];+zf]wgjfbL v|'Zr]e u'6+ tl:;s+ s'+lvª Rj+u' Ono\ y'u'vf“oftf sfof] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngoftf Wofgtof] lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ :tflngof g]t[Tjof k|z+;foft . t/ dg" k"0f{ h'oGx\of]x] 5'+ g+ af+nfu' p2]Zo+ Gx\ofsu'5+' 5+' Hofof kl/0ffd af+dnfo\ of]u' gkf+ kf6L{ b'g]of yLyLu'6 Hof ofOu' Ono\ u'ln g+ dv' dv'u' vf“ lksfof],Hofvo\ k+uM yf+;f jf ljZjf;3f6 ofª cg]s af+nfu'Hofg+ c;kmn ofª ljO . pAn] chu' Hofvo\ bf]if

Vjk kf}

8

vflgu' :jfefljs vM. uy]ls ls/f]eof xTofof Uj;M b'g+b'g+ Ujof] Rj+u' vf“ y'Os] dkmu' x] h'n .

y'hu' cg]sf+} hM j dle+ dltof dg"t gkf+ ar]h'of]b]z j kf6L{tf le+s Gxofs o+s]u' t:s+ yfs'u' Hof vM .k"jL{ If]q Enflbjf]i6sof ;]gfof g]t[Tj lxn]u' if8\oGq h"an]g+ :tflngof afnfu' g]t[Tjv+ kmf;LjfbLt c;kmn h'n .cM u'Kt b:tfj]hkfv+] 5+' 5+' ;Tovf“t lkAjof] xn . chu'ln chu'vf“ afsL bM lg h'O{ . lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ j;f]leot sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ gkf+ rLg j ?;of pu' Onoofkm/s larM, lgdf{0f j ts{of lnw+;fo\ h'okm . gkf+cGt/f{li6«o d]d]k'+ ljb]zL k|lglglwof k|efj+ lglZrt b]zo\Jofjxlf/s 1fg j cg'ej db}u' :jfefljs vM .

Gx\o; M :tflng j qf]T:sLof bYjL 5'5' vf“ldn]dh'nf < qf]T:sLkGyL j v|'Zr]ekGyLto\;+5fo\ :tflngof g]t[Tjoftf abgfd ofª h'nf <ln; M ;f]leot sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -af]Nz]las_ of Oltxf;Ajª emL;+ l;Os] kmM ls qf]T:sL b[li6sf]0f yfto\ dnfDxf-cl:y/_ gkf+ cJojxfl/s dg" vM . ;f]leot ;dfhjfbofsdhf]/ Onox] ‘ljZj qmflGtof’ gf/f laof] o'/f]ko\qmflGtofo\u' wfwf+ cfqmd0f ofs]tf+u' vM . u'u' Hof ;f]leot;dfhjfb+ ofu' h";f af“dnfs a'Ou' lglZrt vM .

cy]x] b]z ar]ofo\dMu' Ono\ pTkfbgofodMu', zflGt

ofo\dMu' Ono\ o'4of vf“ Nxfo\u', pBf]uwGbfof vf“Nxftls+k+uMyfg]u' vf“ xof] ;]+s]u' Hof ofODxf qf]T:sL ;f]leot;dfhjfbof gsf/fTds dg" hs l;o\ bM .

qf]T:sLof Hof vf“ v+ ;fd|fHojfbL b]z tno\tfOu' . pls+ qf]T:sL x\of]+u' em08f Sjyo\tf x\of]+u'em08f Ajo\lsDxf dg" vM . v|'Zr]eof ;+zf]wgjfbL ljrfn+;fDojfbo\ dv' ;f]leot ;ª\3 j ;dfhjfb dbo\s5jt . u'ls+ ;f]leot ;ª\3 !$÷!% u' 6'qmf h'n÷u'lsof lnw+;fo\ ;'ofu' gLlt le+ ;'ofu' dle+ wfo\tf yfs'dh' .

Gxo; M ;f]leot ;ª\3 Sjrf Sjrf ofo\ w'+sflg+tfªjf+ª Rj+u' bM . jos lGxof lGxy+ nf]s+ x\jfDxfJolQmTjof ?ko\ Dxfl;Os k|z+;f ofª Rj+u' bM .cM ;dfhjfbL ;f]leot ;ª\3 lg:jflgu' ;+efjgfu'ln b M <ln; M ?; k'“hLjfbof Joj:yfgkf+ cKj u0ftGqvo\ 6'qmfh'n . Gxfkfof ;f]leot ;ª\3 j ;dfhjfbL u0ftGqvo\Hofk' HofdLof ;f]leot ;ª\3 j ;dfhjfboftf xfsg+lnkm\oª xo\u'ln ;+3if{ oft wM;f cn] cGt/f{li6«okl/l:yltg+ cy] x] sfy+l5ª jfg wM;f ;f]leot ;ª\3 j;dfhjfb xsg+ lnYjOu'ln z+sf d? . Yj km'Ss jb]z]of Hof;fª g}k'+ hgtfof nfxfto\ e/k/] h'O .

‘A’ for Apple, ‘B’ for Ball– ckfvNx“] sflrckf k'Os+ k'Os+ sNkgf cfvM Ajªt'+ Rjg . drfof Hof:j:j+ eQf;fx' 5Ss h'of] Rjg . cn] yM sfo\ n'df+sn .cf]xf] ¤ n'd'u' kmf+uf b'g] SjfM SjfMu' b'? Tj+s] tMDxf yMsfo\tf bsn] lys]u' :s"n] Aj+s tofg+ Ko+uM cfvM;Mu'dv' . cfvM Ujn+ lxå :jof] ckM t't . g'uno\dGx\oª j drfofyfo\ lyOs jof] jofs] Gog . gfgL 55'sIffo\ AjªRjªfu' < j+ lgw{Ss ln;M lan, 5u" sIffvo . cn] yMDxf drf d]lkG;+ g'jftls+ vf;fy]+ Uj/flrlgu'n'dªjn . pAnx] drfof df+ Dxf jof] drftf 5f]Dx's

‘b]of VjM kf’xsn . dyf+ of] wfof+ 5' ofª Rjªfu' < drf+ xsg+ cy]x]xfxf+ ckf k'Os xn .

lh+ df+Dxfl;tf wfof– P tMh', drft\otf cfkfl;s+k'ufano\ cy] Hof ;f+s]Ho"nf < jg+ cfvM Ajg] dMDxfl;tf ¤ df+Dxfl;+ cM k's ln; lan . 5'ofo\ drful/aof s'no\ hGd h'n . cM ªfbf Rofbf lnkfof+ laof]5\jo\ lhn . cn]===< ;fx'hLof dg yf/fGx'n . Dx't';Lx]ufg . Hof;fª Rj+Dxf drf 5s jftfxf“ Rjg . pAn]x];dfhjfb pGd'v ;+ljwfg lhu' xMg]g+ 5Ty+'x] nHofrfof]Sj 5'ª jfg .

cfzfs'df/ lrs+a~hf/-lrafv

+_

9

Vjk kf}

ljsf; lgdf{0fof km'Ss ah]6 :yfgLo lgsfooftf Ao";f hgtfgkf+:jfk' tof] hgtfof UjfxfnL+ ljsf;of knf lwl;nfs xlrOs] km}

Vjk gu/kflnsfof ̂ ( su":yfkgf lbj;of n;tfo\ hgk|ltlglw,sd {rf/L , :jf:YosdL { gkf +gu/kflnsfoftf vfg] bo\s j dbo\sUjfxfnLofª b\o"k'+ ;snl;tf b'g'un+lg;]+ leGt'gf b]5fof] Rjªf . gu/ jgu/jf;Lto\u' le+ t'ª dg Sj;fosUjfxfnL ofª jof]Rj+u' Hofvf“ sGx]oflbgo\g+ 5lt+ x] Dxj dh'Ou' enf];fsfof] Rjªf .

hgtf+ lhldtf Tofs 5f]u' g+bfTof bt . y'lsof b'g] hgtfof bYjLlaofu' ar+ j 3f]if0ffkqof lnw+;fo\5u" 5u" ofof+ Hof ofª jof]Rjªfu'l5slk;+ AofSs y" . lhldu' lnw+;fhgtf x] vM . Hof;fª gOk'+ Hofk'Hofldto\u' le+ Hofvo\ lhk'+ u'An]+ x]lnlrn] dv' . cldtf TjMlkms]u' Hof

lhld;+ u'An]+ x] ofo\ km}dv' .yf}+of Yj le+ lbglg;]+ :jb]zL

j ljb]zLto\tf ªo\ªfkf em\of] b/af/o\b'g] :jo\u' Joj:yf ofªfu' h'n .ljb]zLto\s] w]af gu/ k|b]z vo\ sfo\w'+u'ln+ lgMz'Ns j :jb]zL to\tf 5'+eltrf w]afsfof] j b/af/ b'g] :jo\u'Joj:yfv+ Vjko\ ko{6st jo\dgbo\sL cn] cfGtl/s -b] b'g]_ jafxo\ -b];+lkg]of_ ko{6sto\u' dgSj;fnL wfo\u' enf];f sfof .

emLs] bMu' Dx\jrfhs ;|f]t;fwg+ hgtfto\u' oSj ;d:of 5sn+Gxf+s] yfs'Ou' vf“ lhld;+ y'of . cy]h';f+ ;+ljwfg j sfg'g+ Ao"u' clwsf/b'g] Rjª 5u" 5u" ofof+ dbo\s dufu'j dofl;+ dufu' Hofoftf xUjof] ;fg]u's'tM ofª Rjªfu' bM .

y'u' Hof em\jM Gx\ofsRjªfu'Ono\ Gxkf :jof] 5'+ elt kfu' dlttof ] Rjªf  . Gx fk fo fo \u ':yfgLolgsfo cM sfo{kflnsf,Joj:yflksf j Gofokflnsfofclwsf/gkf+ bMu' :yfgLo tx h'ow'+sn . lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;xsf/L,s[lif, ;dfh sNof0f, kz' lrlsT;fno\yhu' sfof {not Gxkf s]Gb |Lo;/sf/of clwgo\ Gx\oflsu' vM .cMof Joj:yf+ Yj km'Ss :yfgLolgsfooftf lhDdf Ao"u' bM . ;+ljwfgj sfg'g+ yMu' yf;o\ yM x] aNnfsydg+ x] :jokm}u' dlt+ :yfgLo lgsfotfcKjM clwsf/ Ao"u' vM . t/ Hof;fg ] dgd?k ' + cn ] clwsf/g +Tjt]dd?k'+ s]Gb| ;/sf/o\ Rj+k'+ dg"to\u's]Gb|Ls[t dfgl;stf No+ bu'ln+Jojxf/o\ :yfgLo txtf Hof ;fg]u'ln ;d:of jof] Rj+u' vM .

;+3Lo /fHoof gLlt sfy+ljsf; lgdf{0fof km'Ss Hof :yfgLolgsfotf laodMu' vM . s]Gb| j k|b]z;/sf/ wfo\u' gLlt bo\s]u' yfo\ hsvM . ljsf; lgdf{0fof km'Ss ah]6:yfgLo lgsfooftf Ao";f hgtfgkf+:jfk' tof] hgtfof UjfxfnL+ ljsf;ofknf lwl;nfs xlrOs] km} . t/ chu'Hof 7]Ssfk§f ljof] sRrf Hof ofªRj+u'ln+ cy] ofodHo' hs P]gv] x]

Vjk gkfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt

Vjk kf}

10

lxOs Rjo dMu' vfg] bM . 5fo\wM;f7]Ssflaof] u'lnrf+ d?an] x] :og]w'+ls+u'ln+ b]of w]af lkmvo\ gfMto\y]+h "u ' bM . 7 ]Ssf ljo w'gls+7]s]bf/tfhs TjM t ljOan] t:s+nfkjf{xL ofª adnfs bo\lsu' chk'+e|i6 7s]bf/ j OlGhlgo/to\tfsf/afxL dofu'ln+ emLu' b]of yL yLyfo\ t:s+ x] :og] w'+sn . emLu'gu/kflnsf+ yhu' vf“ l;Osx] cdfgtjf jx] yfo\ ofo\k'+ dg" to\u' pkef]Qmf;ldlt+ Hof;f+s jof] Rjªfu' vM .u'lsof kl/0ffd g+ t:s+ x] af+nfªRj+u' bM .

Vjk b] oftf 1fg lj1fgofs]Gb|, ko{6sto\u' uGtJo:yn jor'lkr'u' ;kmf ;x/ bo\s]u' dlt+hgk|ltlglwlk;+ dlbSs Hof ;fª jof]Rj+u' bM . lhldu' Hofvo\ rfslnkf+kf+ofof+ hgtf to\;+ UjfxfnL ofªRj+u' bM . Yjx] le+lbg;+ joslkGtfn'd'u' n;s';ofª oSj oSj z'efo\b]5fof] Rjªf .

@)&@ ;fnof Ejvfrf+ !#)u" :jof] cKjM emLu' ;Dkbft b't .plsoftf Nxjg]u' Hof tl;s+ xHofªRj+u' bM . gu/kflnsf+hs #^ u";Dkbft Nxjg] w'+su' bM gkf+ k'/ftTjljefu j g]kfn ;/sf/+ g+ u'ln+ ;DkbfNxjg] w'+su' bM . No+ bMlgu' ;Dkbftk'/ftTj ljefu gkf+ ldn]h'of] Nxjg]u'Hofvo\ emLu' Wofg jª Rj+u' bM .

gu/kflnsf+ t:s+ gf+hMu' e}nb]uM Nxjg]u' Hof ;'?oft . gkf+s]bf/gfy b]uM g+ hfo\w' +sn .

jT;nfb]uM aR5L :jof] cKjM hfow'+sn . cy]x] j8fo\ j8fo\Rj+u' kmNrf,Njx“lxlt, k'v', ;tM dy, b]uM Nxjg]u'Hof kmof+kmSj dyf+ h'of] Rj+u' bM .

hgtfto\u' :jf:Yoof Ro"tftof ] 5] +vfnL g;{lkGtf 5jof ]joslklgu' :jf:Yoof hfgsf/L sfof]Rjªfu' bM . cy] x] Tjfno\–Tjfno\Gx\ofsfu' :jf:Yo lzlj/of l/kf]6{:jofan] lhldtf 5s pKjM ;f]r] ofo\u'afWo ofsn . 5fo\ wM;f Gxkf:jofcM Gx" Gx"u' Njo\ pRr /Qmrfk,yfO/fO8 lrgLNjo yhu' d]lkGtfdk'lgu' NjotM cKj wfo\y+] vfg] bof]Rj+u' bM . y'hfu' Njo h'o xf“ x] emL;ts{ h'o\u' af+nfO bs :jf:Yo lzlj/j :jf:Yo lzIff ljou' Hofem\jMGxofsjof] Rjªfu' vM .

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd bo\s ‘emLu'tlhnlh emLu' Dxfl;sf’ wfo\u' dlt+emLu' yfo\afo\ /fhgLlt, Oltxf;,e"uf]n, sf;f tlhnlh -;+:s[lt_ ofljifono\ Sjo\ Rj+u' sIffof Ajgfld-ljBfyL{_ lkGtf lg;]+ ;os y'Os o+s]u'gkf+ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf+ k'n] km}u' w]af-z'Ns_ vo\ af+nfu' sn]h rfo\s b];f+b]5Lof ljBfyL{ lkGtf lzIff ljof] jof]Rjªfu' bM . snf ;+:s[lt+ eo\Ao"u'Vjk b] a'n'x'“ ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynsfy+ Dxfl;Os jof] Rj+u' bM . yfAg]:jof] -@)&%_ y'u';Lof Yj ªfnf -;fpg lg;]]+ d+l;/ ts_ of b'g] lkg]b]zof emLu' Vjkb];o\ rfx\o" j k'+ko{6st @)% :jof] cKjM vfg] bM .emLu' hnfvfnf b] rLgof ko{6st

bsn] cKjM jof]Rj+u' vfg]b . pls+Vjk gu/kflnsf+ lrlgofefo\ :og]u'sIff rfo\su' vM . @)&% ;fnsflt{s @( ut] hgjfbL u0ftGqrLgof ;+:s[lt j ko{6gdGqL n'cf];'sfª gkf+ 5u" k|ltlglwd08n+ Vjkb]rflxn lbn . nfo\s'of b/af/ If]qo\Yo]+ an] ‘Vjk ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLvo\nfªRj+u' Yj yfo\ lrlgofto\ lg+lt+kljq lty{:ynof ?ko\ sfof]Rjªfu'vf“ sfª Rj5fof] lbn . c= g]kfldj lrlgof hgtfof bYjL Sjft'u' :jfk'bof] jflgu' ljZjf; Kj+s lbn .

plsof gkf+ Vjk gu/kflnsf+g]kfn efiff lnlk, l;Nksnfy+] nhufMb}u' ;Lkd"ns tflnd j a'“Hof -s[lif_ofo\tf dMu' rfofu' kl/If0f, bf]aL;MRofp, a]df}zdL t/sf/L lkou', sL:ofo\u' af; -ljiffbL_ x\jn]u' ljlwoftflnd laof] jof] Rj+u' bM . gkf+ :yfgLoNof;] NofDxf] -o'jf_ to\tf nf“h'j h'o\u'tflnd laof] jof] Rj+u' bM.

lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkq vo\lGxyfª tofsfy+ sf;fof ljsf;ofo\tfyfAg] cGt/gu/ elnan lw+lw+anfsf;f ofo\ w+'s, y'u';L cGt/gu/s/f“t] lw+ lw+ anf sf;f ofou' Uj;MUjofu' vM . cGt/ ljBfno sf;foflw+lw+anf @)&% sflt{s !! ut]lg;+]!& ut] tsvo\ Sjrfn . &) u"Ajg] s'ly+ Ajltsu' pu" lw+lwanfsf;fo\ !*)) Dxf :jof] cKjM sf;fdLljBfyL{to\;+ Ajlt sMu' vM .

Aj+ld+lklgu' 1fg rsf+s]u' dlt+sfn{dfS;{of låzt jflif{sL -g];bf

11

Vjk kf}So+u' n;tfo k'; * j ( ut] -lgaGw_ Rjv“ j jSt[Tjsnf -Gjr'snf_ of lw+lw+anfof Uj;M Ujofu'h'n u'sL * u" j ( u" tlu+of AjgfldlkGtf ‘j}1flgs ;dfhjfb yf}+ofcfjZostf j snf ;+:s[lt Djfsto\u'ln Vjk gu/klnsf’ ljifoofRjv“ j !! u" j !@ u" tlu+ofAjgfldlklgof lg+lt+ ‘;dfhjfbL lzIffJoj:yf M cfjZostf j dxŒj,cfw'lgs ;dfh ljsf;of lg+lt+dfS;{jfbL ljrM’ ljifoof jSt[Tjsnflw+lw+anf sf;fo\ b'Yofsfu' vM .

emLu' afhf j ;+:s[lt Djfsto\dM wfo\u' dlt+ afhf u"¿lkGtf;Ddfg gkf+ afhfof lw+lwanf ofo\u'vf“ Sjlhu' h'n . u'lsof lg+lt+ cMdMu' aGbf]a:t ofª Rjªfu' h'n .

ljb]zL to\;+ Gx\ofsRj+u'

u}/;/sf/L j ;/sf/L ;+:yfto\tfDx\jM ofof+ jfg]u' . :jx] d:jl;+xr'jfof e/o\ chu' ;+:yfto\tf:jLs[lt ljou' Hof emLu' gu/kflnsf+ofOdv' . cn] :jLs[lt ljofu'g+ d? .

Tjg]u' gfM wM of af+nfu'Joj:yf, nf“ hgtfto\;+ lGxoflGxy+5on]dMu' km'Ss j:t'of af+nfu' Joj:yfofª ljOu' cfzf hgtf+ gu/kflnsfkfv]tof] Rj+u' h'n . t/ Tjg]u' gfM j wMof w]jf s]o's]Pn+ sfOu'ln+ gu/klnsf+sfo\u' Joj:yf ofo\dMu' vM .

Vjk gu/kflnsfof Hof cMb] ªf+s, af+nfu' kIfbs ao\ao\ h'of]Rj+u' bM . ‘d]d]u' gu/kflnsf,pkdxfgu/kflnsf jdxfgu/kflnsfof k|d'v, pkk|d'v jhgk|ltlglwk'+ Vjko\ emfof] emLu' Hofj emL;+ hgtfgkf+ ldn]h'of] Hof

;fªfu' of k|;+;f+ cem cKjM Hof;fg]u'dlt cKjof] ju' bM . emL;+ ofªfu'Hof hgtfto\tf y'Os] ljou' dlt+‘eQmk'/’ no\kf}, oftf dlbSs Gx\ofsjofu' bM ;f Vjk kf} -g]jkf}_g]kfnefiffof kf} gkf+ km];a's k]h,eQmk'/ va/ cgnfOg klqsf, Vjk;M Pkm= Pd= kfv+] j k|To]s no\ g]Gx'Go+s jofu' h'n . emLu' tM x|f+u',lrRofx|f+u' Hofof ljifo hgtf+ Wjfy'Os]dM wfo\u' dlt+ emL;+ y'hu' Hof ofªjofu' vM.

Sjft'u' UjfxfnL, :oNnfu';Nnfx laof] emM k'+ ;sn z'elrGtslkGtf xsg+ 5s oSjoSj z'efo\b]5fo\ .-‘Vjk gu/kflnsfof ̂ ( su" ‘:yfkgflbj;’ of n;tfo\ gu/–k|d'v ;'lgnk|hfklth'+ laof]b\o"u' Gjr'M’_

Vjk kf}

12

r'gfjof Ono\ uf+–ufdo\ l;+xb/jf/ jO bscKjM x] ao\ao\ oft . cyf{t cM uf+––ufdo\of hgtft/fhwfgL s]lGb|t h'o dfln dv' . :yfgLo yf;o\x] km'SsJoj:yf bo\s]u' ar+ lan . kl/0ffd cy] djM . pls+emLu' b]of ‘k'“hLjfbL’ zf;sbnt uDeL/tfd?k'+ cb"/bzL{bnt vM . r6s] vM . pu' gf/f :jof] emL;+ cldtfgSsnL ;fdfg dLk'+, yMx] bfh'lshflkGtf emfª\u nfOk'+7ut hs wfo\km M. pls+ ck'+ uf+––ufdo\ l;+xb/jf/ xo\dkm}u' gf/f laof] hgtfto\tf drfto\tf y]+ x]s];Mk'+ a]js'kmtvM . nHofdrk'+ gsr/ft vM .

hgtfto\tf pT;flxt ofo\dMu' Ono\ Njfk' ofª,e|d Ajnf+s]u', t+Djo\s]u' Hof zf;s bnt kfv]+ af/Daf/ofª jof] Rj+u' bM. pu' gf/fg+ hgtfto\tf emfª\u nfOu'gf/fhs vM . cldu' gf/fsfy+ b]ªf+s sfg'gL /fHoh'odMu'nL plsof cKjM uf+–ufdo\ 7u, 7]s]bf/, e|i6cn] e"dflkmof t åx“ jfª hgftfto\tf b'Mv ljou' Hofofª xo w'+sn . hgtf clwsf/ ;DkGg dh';]+ e|i6ofhfno\nfª c/fhs l:ylt xof] Rjg . hyfefjL k|fs[lts;|f]t :o+s bf]h/ cft+s ofª, df]hd:tL j DjMd?u'kmh'n vr{, hUuf sAhf yhu' DjMd?u' Hof Yj ;/sf/jf+;f+ lg;]+ vfg] bo\s x] h'n . clVtof/ b'?kof]uof+vf“Nxfªf+ x] dAoft . zf;s bnto\;+ hgk|ltlglw lkGtfl5sk'+ gu/ jf ufdo\of l;+x vM bs pS;]oft . u'ls+ofªcld;+ yMtf h'h' x] tfo\sn . ;a]{;jf{ x] dlttn .u'ls+ofª cg'zf;glxgtf, c/fhstf j clgolGqtof l:yltKofxf“jn . dfuM d?Dxf ls;L, uMl; d?u' km;Ly]+ yMtfdflns x] tfos zf;s dgf]j[lQ Ajnf+sn . Yj km'Ss+unt gf/fof kl/0ffd vM . Yj u}/ lhDd]jf/L vM,wf]sf vM .

t/ g]dlskf+ GxofAn] hgtfto\u' lg+lt+ lgM:jfy{;]jfofo\u' gLlt Hjª xHofª Rj+u' vM . hgk|ltlglwlkGtfOdfgbf/h'of] b]z j hgtfof ;]jf ofo\u' d" cfh' bo\s

xHofo\dMu' vf“o\ aM laof] jof] Rj+u' bM . hgk|ltlglwwfo\k'+ /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ h"u'ln+ hgtfof ldvfof gfgL y]+h'of] lzi6, ljgd| zfGt h'o dMu' cn] cGofo cTofrf/oflj?4o\ l;+x y]+ uh{] h'odMu' lgb]{zg g]dlskf+ ljof] jof]Rj+u' vM . hgtfof ;]js hgk|ltlglwlk+;+ hgtfto\tfb'Mv h'Ou', dl5lgu' 5'+ g+ Hof ofOdv' . cy] h"u'ln+g]dlskfof hgk|ltlglwk'+ ;'ofu+' xMg] g t Wj“ h'odMu' bM,g t l;+x x] . emLu' :yfgLo tx l;+x b/af/ dv' hgtfofb/jf/ h'o dM . ugf hgtfof ljrM sfy+ xHofO, hgtfofOR5f, cfsf+Iff j rfxgfsfy+ Hof h'O{ . cn] e|i6frf/ofuGw 5lt+ x] jOdv' . hgtfof ;'v;'ljwfof lg+lt+ rf+lGx+dwl;+ Hof;fª h'Ok'+ hgk|ltlglwto\u' lxg'nL klt+ hg;]jfefj+ hfo\dM dflnskg dv' .

j hgtfof b/jf/] wfTy]+u' 5Aj sd{rf/L kf;fk'+vM . hgtfof b/jf/] Rjª yMtf Rof] a'l4of dg" tfo\sHof ofª, Rj+;f chk'+ sd{rf/Lt hgtfof zq' h'O .hgtfof ldvf b'la{g y+] h'Ou' wfo\u' vf“ y'Os Hof d;fgwM;f ck+' ldvfno\ jf+u' w" y+] h'O . pls+ hgtfof ;]jsh'of] cldk'+ UjfxfnLld sfy+ Hof ;fª jfg]u'x] sd{rf/Lto\u'st{Jo tfo\s]dM . hgtfof rfxgf g+ Yjx] vM .

dl5+u' vf“, ;d:ofof vf“ hgtf to\s] g+

5' emL uf}/aofo\ ax k'+ k':tf h'o km}nf <

k|b]z g+= # of ;f+;b ;'/]Gb|/fh uf];fO{+

13

Vjk kf}

b} . cn] sd{rf/L to\s] j hgk|ltlglwlk+s] g+ b} .plsoftf Njfk'of ldk';f dbo\sl;+ gkf+Rjª vf“NxfaNxfofª ;d:of Ho+s]u' a'l4dfgL Hof h'O . pls+hgk|ltlglw j sd{rf/Llk;+ yMj hgtfto\tf lgodj cg'zf;go\ tof] sfg'gcg';f/+ Hof ofª o+s] dMu'r'gf}tL vfg] bM . Yj yfs'u' Hof vM;f+ yy] dofl;+duf . 5fo\wM;f v'“ofu' x] ;M tM;M h'O wfo\y] +lgod Tjy'n Hof ;flglk;+ x] xNnf cKjM ofO .yMtf h";f P]of ¤ stoftf h";f yof wfOlklgu' dltb'i6 h'O .

gftfjfb, s[kfjfb j yMdg"oftf tk'o\u' Hofv+lgod, sfg'g, cg'zf;gvo\ d'nflxhf ofª yMDxfdtbftfhs e'g]u' Hofv+ hgtfto\u' le+ h'Odv' .

;RrfDxf qmflGtsf/L+ Hof;fª gOk'+ Hofk' HofdLoflg+lt+ :ju]{ jf+;f+ gs]{ jf+;f+ Hof ;flg cy]x] hgk|ltlglw jsd{rf/Llk+; g+ hgtfof dg Tofs yMu' :jfy{of lg+lt+dv' hgtfof lg+lt+ Hof ;fg]u' yMu' cfh' tfo\sL . y'lsx] cfgGb tfo\sL .

u'lnl;g+ yhu' vf“ yf}+of :jfyL{ ;dfho\ c;Dejtfo\s]kmM . t/ Dx]uofu' Oltxf; y" k'+ Oltxf;k|lt uf}/aofOlk+;+ yhu' uNtL ofOdv' . Oltxf; ;fIfL bM – emLyhk'+ k'vf{of ;Gtfg vM u'Dxf O{oftf Tofs jokmofk'+vM . Gxkfofo\u' afv+ lnlkª :jt wM;f ª] ªfkf em\of],n'“ Wjfsf, ªftfkf]Nx“ bo\s]u' cMk'u' vf“ vMnf < ;Dej

bMnf< chu' HjM d?u' jf:t'snf, t:s+ RjGx\ofu'snfs[lt yf}+ :jof] :j;Mbf Gx\of]+ bosn . ªftf kf]Nx“lg:jf+y]+ t:s+ aNnfs wfo\u' vf“ u'ln Njs+ x\jftf . pu'Ono\ d]lk;+ 5fo\ bo\s] dkmtf < emL;+ uy] bo\s]kmtf <y'lsof sf/0f dfn]u' t:s+ cfjZos h' . sGx] y'lsofln;M g+ kSsf x] vf]hstf{ to\;+ n'Ols ltgL .

emL;+l;of emLu' b] g]kMof bSsn] tMhu' kfuf]8fz}nLof b]uM ªftfkf]Nx“ !& nfof b'g] hfo\sn . ;g\!&)@ of sflt{s+ bf+u' b]uM !&)# of clGtd kfv]cyf{t\ kmfu'g kfv] hfo\sn . lkg]of 5fo\lko\u' HofGxo\nf+ Sjrfo\su' vM . pu' O{ ef/to\ tfhdxnbo\s Rj+u' O{ vM . pls+ d]yfo\ km}dv' wMu' HofemLyfo\ uy] k"jf+s] kmtf < u'u' emL k'vf{+ k|dfl0ft ofªs]g . chf clhofkfno\ t:s+ RjhMu' emLu' g]kMb]zo\ uf}/aofo\ nfOsu' oSj oSj Rj5fo\ axu' Hoft h"u' b . pu" cfTduf}/a yf} OHht tof] Djfo\km}nf < emLu' k':tf+ pu' uf}/a, OHht j k|lti7f No+sto\ km}nf < emL uf}/aofo\ b}u' Hof ofo\ km} k'+ Gx" k':tfh'o km}nf < emL k'vf{+lk;+y]+ ;sl;g+ Rj5fOu' Hof oªn+' Rjofu' cfvM y]+ hfos Oltxf; Rjs] km}nf <k'“hLjfbof clgsfno\ cfbz{of k';f No+s to\u' lxDdtemL;+ ofo\ km}nf <-^( u" Vjk gu/kflnsfof :yfkgf lbj;;+ k|b]z ;efof;f+;b ;'/]Gb|/fh uf];fO“h+' laof]bo"u' Gjr'_

Vjk kf}

14

lgk' Do]Rjld M ;'/]Gb|/fh

cfh' emLtf dfS;{g+ So+u';+;f/ Gx"u' zf]if0f d?u'nf“k' emLu' dfS;{g+ So+u'Sjt]sRj+k' 5wL h'of] Njfo]u' .

dg"of b'Mv+ dg'of zf]if0f+ptL+ emL psL+x] dUo+u'Yofv'of] gOk'+ yfgf ;bf+ Bf]lxM rMlt xfo\sLk'+ Gx\ofan]+ Rof] .

dg"of ;dfh dg"+x] bo\su'dg"+of efUo dg"+ x] Rjo]u'dg"of bYjL Bf] j Rof]Gx+s] 5Gx" /Llt Yj .

lxM rMlt of d" bOu'Hofk" HofdL of :ju{ h'Ou';dfhjfb ygf lg:jg]u'dfS;{of DxMu; wfy]+ k'jf+s]u' .

yf}+5+u' Gx\og];+ lGx lGxld;fd:t anfTsf/ h'o RjlganfTsf/ h'of+ dufcldtf :oª g+ tfoysLcn]:jtGqtfof ; tMofNjªjk'+ hgtf+anfTsf/ j xTof ofOlk+tfyf}+ kmf“;Lof dfu of;f+kmf“;L lao]u' sfg'g bo\s]tf lnlrlnDxfP ;/sf/ ¤5 anfTsf/L dv';f 5' v <

yfgf v'“ j ck/fwL to\u' ;+/If0f h'Odg' :ofª jk'+ x] ;f+;b h'O;Qfo\ g+ jflg, zf;g g+ ofO{yfgf 5'+ x] d:o'k'+hLjgof cy{ x] dy'lgk'+lem ld;fd:tanfTsf/ h'o RjlguMlso :ofª jfª 5\jo tfoysLt/ zflGt j ;'/Iff ljof]hgtfof s/+ ls;L Nxjf]+ y]+ Nxf]+s go jk'+7]s]bf/ to\;+ x]xTof/f to\u" ;+/If0f ofOu" v;fYjk'+ xTof/fto\ lklgDxfbnfn dv';f 5' v <

cn],P ;/sf/ ¤5 anfTsf/L dv';f 5' v <

lemu' b]o\of l;df Ton s;f+5 ;'+s RjlgDxflemu' efo\ j tlhnlhvo\ k|xf/ h';f+5 dt 5'ª RjlgDxfhgtfof ;M, ld;fd:t]u' aMju" Vjla5 ldvf ltl;ª RjlgDxfP ;/sf/ ¤anfTsf/ yf}+ ugfhs dh' <

anfTsf/L to\tf x\of]+u' nDk;f no:jfut ofODxfP ;/sf/ ¤yfgf b]o\ x] anfTsf/ h';f+5+ ;d[l4of vf+ Nxfo\u" Tjt]dkma? anfTsf/L t\og+ Djfo\bo] d ws5cldu' /fhg}lts clwsf/of vf+ Nxfª Rjgfl;g]dfof l6s6 ldo]u'y]+anfTsf/Lto\tf gful/stf ljofRjgfP ;/sf/ ¤j anfTsf/L dv';f 5' v <anfTsf/ ofOlk+tf ltj laO{Dxf5 g+ anfTsf/L dv';f, 5' v <

;/sf/ 5 anfTsf/L dv';f 5' v <Rjld M s[ltsf k|hfklt

-:jLRofou'u' g]kfnefiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hofvo\ Aj+u' lrgfv“_

stof le+ h'u' :jo] dkmk'+yM hs Ho';f st :ofOk'+d?u' Njfk' bo]s jnstof Ajxno\ t'kM lbsn .

ljZj g+s Njfk' hs yOk'+ckmufg, O/fs w'–w' ofk'+Gx"u' o'4of Uj;M Ujo Rjgrfsly+ cft+sof ldM Rofs Rjg .

sf]l/of+ lDxultlg lnª 5\jDxf w'“ jleotgfd+ Ajf;fªtDxf 5'“ jxfsg+ yfgfx] rflxn Rjg :jef/t gfkf+ Tjfo] lrg :j .

stof b]o\ go] kNs] y'k'+8f]Snfdo\ b'xf“ jfg /] :j;fd|fHojfbof lj?4o\ bfg] xfsg+zflGt bO{ cn] ljZj eg+ .

15

Vjk kf}

@)&% d+l;/ @^ ut], a'waf/g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{of ;lrj Pjd\ ;f+;b

k|]d ;'jfnof gfof]no\ /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0flhNnf:t/Lo lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fof ljifono\ g]Gx'ofcled'vLs/0f j ;dLIffof d+'Hof h'n . pu' d+'Hof;josg+ e'sDk kLl8t to\tf Ao"u' cg'bfgof w]af dufu' jxfsg+ h'oof]u' ;Defljt hf]lvdv+ ar] h'otf Ejvfo\rf+db'Ou' e'sDk k|lt/f]]wfTds 5“] bo\s]dMu' vf“ vo\ hgtfto\tf;r]t ofodMu' cfjZostf sfª lbn . :yfgLo lgsfotfclwsf/ ;DkGg ofª hs jf:tljs hgtfof ;d:ofAolgu' vM . em~em6 k|lqmofv+ e'sDk kLl8tof Gxfkf+u'

:yfgLo lgsfooftfx] clwsf/ ;DkGg ofo\dMu'MVjk gu/kflnsfof Hof em\jM t

ls:tf sM;f+ d]u' ls:tf sfo\dkm"u' ;Dkbf If]q j lghLcfjf; k'glg{df{0f Hof Jojl:yt ofo\dMu' pls+ jflgk'+ sflnubj k|fljlws to\tf ;Lkd"ns tflnd laof] bIf hgzlQmof?ko\ ljsf; ofodMu' vf“ Aofs lbn . e'sDkof eUgfjz]iflrOs]tf ;/sf/+ UjfxfnL ofo\dMu' vf“ g+ sfª lbn .

pu' Hof ‰jvo\ Vjk gu/kflnsfof d]o/ ;'lgnk|hfklth'+ cg'bfgof w]af jf:tljs kLl8tof nfxfto\laodMu' chk'+ kLl8tto\tf lgAof{hL C0f ljodMu' vf“sª lbn . :yfgLo lgsfooftf clwsf/ ;DkGg ofªk|fljlws j sfg'gL ;d:of bMk'+ e'sDk kLl8tto\tfcg'bfgof w]af sfou' Dofb tfg]dMu' vf“ vo\ aM laof]lbn . cy]x] Vjkof km'Ss ;Dkbft emLu' ;femf ;DkltvM . y'lsoftf Nx\jg]tf k'/ftŒj ljefu j :yfgLolgsfo ldn]h'of] bos]dMu' vf“ sª lbn .

pu' x] Hof‰jM vo\ k|b]z g+= # of ;f+;b ;[hgf;}+h' jf:tljs ul/a ls;fgtf /fxt ljou' Hof‰jM g]kfn;/sf/+ cfjf;of]hgf bos]dMu' vf“ sªlbn .

yLyL gu/kflnsfof k|d'v, pkk|d'v j sfo{sf/Lclws[tnufotof dg'to\;+ g'jfª lbn .

@)&% d+l;/ @^ ut] a'waf/Vjkof k|l;4 e}n b]uM hL0ff]{åf/ -Nxjg]u'_ ofou'

;ldltof a}7s gu/k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfkltof gfof]no\Rjg . pu' Hofvo\ cg'dflgt nfut ?= !,$^,#^,&$%.!#dflnu' b]uno\ bMu' k'/ftflTjs a:t'to\u' ;+/If0f gkf+,rGbf, bfgofo\u' OR5f bMk'+ bftf to\of lg+lt+ Vjk gkfkfv]+g]=a}=ln= sdnljgfos] vftf rfo\s Vjk gkfof n]vfk|d'v /fd;'Gb/ ;'hv' j pkef]Qmf ;ldltof gfof] Gx'5]/fde]n] j bf+ef/L k'?iff]Qd tdv'of ;xL 5\on]u' vfF g+Sjlht . ;'/Iff gkf+ dMu' Hjn+ Gofo\u' k|lqmofg+ Sjlhu'h'n .

Vjk gkfof :yfkgf lbj; v'g'+ yLyL sf;foflw+lw+ anf h'n . Vjk gkfof ̂ ( u" :yfkgf lbj;z v'Gx'+

e}n b]uM hL0ff]{åf/ -Nxjg]u'_ ofou' ;ldltof a}7shgk|ltlglw j sd{rf/L bYjL h"u' sf;fof pn]Hof k|d'v;'lgn k|hfklt j pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zLh'+ 6]a'n6]lg;Dx]t ofª lbn .

k|d'v k|hfklth'+ zf/Ll/s j dfgl;s ?k+ :oNnfk'+Gx\ofDxf g+ dg"t Gxofu' g+ If]qo\ ;lqmo h'o k}mu'ln+ sf;f-v]ns'b_ oftf xHofsfu' gkf+ hgk|ltlglw j sd{rf/Lt;lqmo h";f hgtfof ;]jf cKk ofo\ k}mu' vfF g+ sªlbn . Gx'u' k':tftf ljs[lt+ d'Qm ofo\tf j cg'zf;gofljsf; ofo\tf sf;f lDxt]dfu' vfF sª lbn . Ho" af+nfs]tfdgg+ :jR5 h'odfu' gkf+ lzlIft, :j:y j cg'zfl;t;dfh yf}+of cfjZostf bs sª lbn .pu" Hof‰jno\ j8f g+= $ of j8fWoIf s'df/ rjfn+n;s'; Gjr' ljof] b\o"u' vM .

Vjk kf}

16

@)&% d+l;/ @& ut] laxLaf/Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt gkf+

g]kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf k|ltlglwd08n+ gkfnMjan]

g]kfnu~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf k|ltlglwd08n Vjk] emfnVjk gu/kflnsf+ ;+ljwfg j sfg"g+ Ao"u' clwsf/ b'g]Rjª lzIff, :jf:Yo -;'r's'r'_, ;/;kmfO, ;Dkbf ;+/If0fj ko{6gtf xMg] tof] Hof;fª jofu' j Vjk sn]h kfv]+b];f+ b]l5l;ofu' ;]jf oª jofu' cn] hg:jf:Yo oftfVjk c:ktfn bo\s] tfªfu', emLu' -df}lnstf_ yMu' kxMGx'k':tftf y'Os]tf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd bo\s gu/b'g]ofk'mSs :s"no\ Jj+s jof]Rj+u' vf“ sfsf+ pu" yf;o\ Ajªo+s xMg]x] Sog]u' Hof‰jM g+ h'n .

pu" gfknfo\u' Hof‰jM vo\ pkdxfgkfof j8fWoIfk'+ k|df]b l/hfn, lbks s'df/ adf{ j n]vf clws[t/fhg s]=;L= g+= emMu' v . yhu' gkf nfo\u' Hof‰jM jvFNxfaNxfv x] :yfgLo tx Gx\ofs]tf Hofl5lgu' vfF g+=k|d'vHo"+ sª lbn .

@)&% kf}if @ ut] lg;]+ %% ‰oM b/af/ :jotf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf j ko{6sof nflu+ k|To]s jfno\ d+unaf/ j z'qmaf/rfo\s]u' Hofof pn]Hof pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zLh'+ ofª lbn . ;j{;fwf/0f lkGtf gLtsf -?@).–_ j ljBfyL{lkGtf lxsf{-? !).–_ l6s6of d"g+ SjMl5t . ljb]zL ko{6sto\s] k|j]z l6s]6vo\ x] sfOu' h"u'ln+ b/af/ :jotf lgz'Ns h"u'vM .

17

Vjk kf}

@)&% k'; @ ut], ;f]daf/Vjk gu/kflnsfof ^( So+u' :yfkgf lbj;;+

g]dlskfof xfg]jxDxf gfof] Pj+ jl/i7 /fhgLlt1gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]F d'kfxfF h'of] Uo;'nfu' Gjr' gkf+ dfu{lgb]{z ofª lbn . gu/kflnsf hgtfof ;d:of y'OsxHofOu' ;+:yf h'odMu'ln+ O{gkf+ sd{rf/LlkGtf JolQmTjj :t/ j[l4h'Ou' ;Lkd"ns tflnd ljodMu' wfof] lbn .hgtf gkf+ k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ bOu' ;/;kmfO dlbSs Gxos]dMu', ;kmfO dhb'/ to\u' :jf:Yoof Wofg to\dMu',gu/jf;Lto\u' ;d:of Golgu' j dy'lkGtf af+nfs y'OslaodMu' vfF AofSs, -k'm6kfy_ kmM j wM of Hofoftfk|fyldstf lao\dMu' vfF g+ sª lbn .

cy]x] Vjk gMkfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ >dhLjLhgtfof ljifo\no\ cKjM Wofg tof] Hof ;fª jofu' gkf+Vjkoftf 1fglj1fgof s]Gb|, ko{6sLo uGtJo:yn jt:s+ ;kmfu' gu/ bo\s]bs k'mSs hgk|ltlglwk'+, sd{rf/Lcn] :yfgLo hgtfto\u'g+ UjfxfnL bMu'ln+ josk'+ ;sl;tf

Vjk gu/kflnsf ^( bf“ Sog

leGt'gf b]5fof] lbn . josn+ Gxfkf :jof] cMof :yfgLotxof lhDd]jf/L tMu' nfufo\ bMu' j ;+ljwfg jf sfg'g+hgtfof lyOs Rj+u' ;/sf/ h'u'ln+ :yfgLo txtf aNnfu'lgsfo bos]dMu' vM . emLu' gu/kflnsfsfof le+u' Hofj hgtf gkf+of :jfk'of rrf{ b]ze/ h'of]Rj+u' vfF g+=lGxyfª lbn .

cy]x] g]dlskfof k|b]z;efof ;f+;b ;'/]Gb|/fhuf];fO{Fh'+ g]dlskf+ Gofan]+ hgtfof lg+lt+ Hof;fª ju' rrf{of;]+ gkf l;+xb/af/ dv' hgtfof b/af/ h'odu' vfFsª lbn .

pu' Hof ‰jM; pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zL, k|lhcgf/fo0f k|;fb e§, k|=k|=clws[t /f]lxt/fh kf]v/]n,j8fWoIf &of ps]z sjf+ j ( of /laGb| HofVjh'+g+g'jfª lbn .

pu' Hof‰jM vo\ yL yL sf;fvo\ Tofs b\o'lkGtfd"kfxf F gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] Fh ' + l;/kf nMNxfªb\o'u' vM .

Vjk kf}

18

@)&% kf}if # ut] d+unaf/KofA;g Vjk gu/;ldltof Uj;fno\ h"u'

;d;fdlos ljifoof cGt/lqmof; Vjk gu/kflnsfofk|d'vh'+ Vjk gu/kflnsf+ ;fd'bflos j lghL ljBfnotfdkfsl;+ :jof] Rjªfu' j z}lIfs:t/ a[l4 ofo\u'ln lghLljBfno ofo\u' g+ b'Uo+u' of]ubfg bMu' vfF lGxyfª lbn .Vjk gu/kflnsf ;dfhx] a'l4hLjLs/0f ofo\bs xHofªRj+u'nL+ ljBfyL{to\u' z}lIfs eljio Gx\oj;f ofo\u' clwsf/

;d;fdlos ljifono\ cGt/lqmof Hof‰jM;'oftf+ d? . ;+ljwfgo\ df=lj= ts lgz'Ns ofo\ wM;f+;kmn dh'u' vfF sª bL;] lzIffvo\ xMg] nf;f x] hsxHofOu' h"u'ln+ Vjk gu/kflnsftf ljZjljBfno :jLs[ltAo";f b]zof gd"gf ljZjljBfno bo\s]u' k|ltj4tf Kj+slbn . Pglhcf] ÷cfOPglhcf] gkf+ dv' gu/kflnsfgkf+ ;dGjo ofª lghL :s"n xHofodMu' wfof]lbn .pls KofA;gof yLyL kbflwsf/L lk+;+ g+ Gjr' laof] b\o'u'vM .

z}lIfs;q @)&% of g]u"u', :ju"u', Ko+u"u' jif{vo\cfv Ajª Rj+k'+ Vjk OlGhlgol/· sh]h jf Vjk sn]hckm OlGhlgol/·of k|j]z k/LIffvo\ pTs[i6 h"k+' ul/a jh]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{lkGtf 5fqj[lQ Oou' ‰jno\ gu/k|d'v Pj+sn]h ;+rfns ;ldltof gfof] ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ ljBfyL{lkG;+cg'zfl;t h'of] af+nfs Ajª b]z j hgtfof ;]jf ofo\dMu'vfF sª lbn . yf}+ sGx] d]d]u' gu/kflnsfofo\k'+g+ emLu'sn]h :jjof] Rj+u' af+nfu' vfF vM wfof]lb;]+ afFdnfu'

ljBfyL{ lkGtf 5fqj[lQ OtMHofofª sk sf]5'sh'odflnu' t:s+ nHofof vfF h'Ou'ln+Pglhcf] j cfOPglhcf]of nf]eo\ km;] dh';]+ OdfGbf/Lk"j{sst{Jokfng ofª jfg]dMu' vfF Aofs lbn .

k|frfo{ pkk|frfo{ lk;+ g+= pu' Hof‰j ;+ yMu' g'uMvfF Kj+s b\o'u' vM . u'ls Vjk OlGhlgol/· sh]hof %#Dxf j Vjk sh]h ckm OlGhlgol/·of #$ Dxf ofª d'Ss+*& Dxf l;tf ^# nfv !# xhf/ ^ ;o && tsf bf+of5fqj[lQ Oo\u' Hof h"u' vM .

@)&% k'if !) d+unaf/ .sfn{ dfS;{of låztjflif{sLof n;tfo sIff !! j

!@ of Vjk gu/:t/Lo jSt[Tjsnf Gxofsu' h'n . pu"Hof‰jM ; gu/k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ /fhgLlt JolQmutkmfObfof lg+lt+ dv' Jofks hgtfof ;]jf ofo\o' j k"FhLjfbL;dfhoftf lxOs ;dfhjfbof lg+lt+ ofo\dMu' wfof] lbn .

;dfhjfbL Joj:yfo\ jx';+Vos Hof;fª g}k'+ Hofk'Hofldof le+ h'Ou'ln+ sfn{dfS;{of /rgf Ajg]dMu' vM .dv';f /fhgLlt ljt[i0ff joof] u'ls+ b]zoftf le+ ofOdv'wfof] lb;]+ g]klskf+ ;dfhjfbL lzIff k|rf/o\ xHofª Rj+u'vfF g+ Aofslbn .

;dfhljsf; qmdof ‰jno\ dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0f

sfn{dfS;{of låztjflif{sLof n;tfo jSt[Tjsnfljifo; jfuLZj/L df=lj=of ;fl/sf v'lnd'nL Gxfk, kb\ddf=lj=of t'n;f pk|]tL No" j af;' dfljof lw/]Gb| lai6No"ofFNo" nft;f ;dfhjfbL lzIff Joj:yfM cfjZostf jdxTj ljifo; Vjk df=lj=of k|1f b'jfn Gxfk, jfuLZj/Ldf=lj= ;'j0f{ s]=;L=No" j Vjk df=lj=of ;xb]j sf]O/fnfNo"of+ No" j xMkf l;/kf kb\d df=lj=of n'hg l;+x j af;'df=lj=of /ljtf y'ofh'+ Tofsu' vM .

pu' Hof‰jM; pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zL j ;|f]tJolQms[i0fk|;fb sdf{rfo{ 'jfª b\o'u' vM;f lg0ff{os d08nv]j8fWoIf /ljGb| HofVjh' -(_, k|]duf]kfn sdf{rfo{h' -%_,k|fWofks ;dfhof gfof] ;/f]h/fh uf];fO{h' j gu/lzIffclwsf/L d]3gfy l/dfnh' Rjª b\o'u' vM .

19

Vjk kf}

@)&% k'if $ ut] a'waf/ .Vjk gu/kflnsfkfv]+ ;~rflnt Vjk dfljof

!( u' Vjk sn]hof !&su" j zf/bf SofDk;of gLRofsu'jflif{s pT;aof pn]Hof g]dlskfof gfof] gf/fo0fdfgljh'S5]Fh'+ ofª lbn . d'kfxfF ljh'S5]Fh'+ lzIff JolQmutj ;fdflhssfy+ b}u' h'u'ln+ ;dfhjfb :yfkgfgkf+ ju{ljlxg;fDojfbts y]+s]tf xHofo\dMu' vM wfof]lbn . pTkfbgofd'Vo d'Vo ;|f]t j ;fwgt ;fdflhsLs/0f dh'tn] ju{;+3if{d'Qm dh'Ou' larM Kj+s b\o';] hLjgof p2]Zo b]z jhgtfof ;]jf ofo\u' h'odM wfof]lbn . cM k|b]z js]Gb|of km/s lzIff j}u' ;Defjgf bMu'ln+ gjpbf/jfboflj?4o o'jf to\tf ;r]t ofo\dMu' gkf+ b]zof k|fs[lts jdfgjLo ;|f]t lj]b]zo\ jf+u'ln+ b]z emg emg sdhf]/ h"u'vfF sª lbn .

cy]x] g]dlskfof ;lrj Pj+ ;+3Lo ;f+;b k|]d;'jfnh'+ ;/sf/of gLlt j sfo{qmd ;dfhjfb pGd'vdh'u' vfF lGxyf+;] oSj w]af bM lkGtf c/af}+ s/ 5'6 Jo"u'j ul/a to\tf cKjM s/ nu]ofu' ;/sf/of afFdnfu'gLltoftf s'+ lvª g]kfMof k'mSs cy{tGq ef/tof e/]nfo\ w'+su' j emL emg emg :oª jf+u' vfF sª lbn .

Vjk gu/kflnsfof d]o/ Pj+ sn]h ;~rfns;ldltof gfof] ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ lzIff If]qvo\ Vjk

hLjgof p2]Zo b]z j hgtfof ;]jf ofo\u' h'oMdMu'Mgu/kflnsfsf cu'jf h'of] Hof;fª Rjªfu'j g]kMof ;+ljwfgo\ Rjof]tMsfy+ ;+3 ;/sf/+dMu' ah]6 Aoj:yf ofª Ao";f df=lj= tslgz'Ns ofo\u' ar+ laof]lbn . k|b]z ;ef;f+;b ;'/]Gb|/fh uf];fO{Fh'+ Vjk sn]h+ b]zf+b]l5ofljBfyL{to\tf bf+s u'0f:t/Lo lzIff laof]Rj+u'ln+zf;s bnto\l;+ dlxtf+ x] Vjk ljZjljBfnodAo"u' vfF wfof]lbn .

d]Dxf ;f+;b ;[hgf ;}+h'+ Vjk gu/kflnsf+b]zoftf dMk'+ hgzlQm bo\s]u'nL UjfxfnL ofªRj+u' wM;]+ Pglhcf]÷cfOPglhcf]of hfno\ nfª;/sf/ c;kmn h"u' vM wfof]lbn .

pu' Hof‰jM; pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zL, k"j{8Lgk[y'r/0f a}B,/fli6«o k/LIff af]8{of rGb|dl0f kf}8]n, Vjkofk|=lh=c= gf/fo0fk|;fb e§, k|frfo{ ?ks hf]zL g'jfª b\o'u'vM . z}lIfs k|bz{gL gkf+ h"u' pu' Hof‰j;+ yL yL sf;fofTofsk'+ j pTs[i6 ljBfyL{ lkGtf dltgfof lr+ j l;/kf nMNxfu' vM .k"vf{+ bo\s tsu' snf j ;+:s[lt Gx"u' k':tftfnM Nxfo\ dMu'

Vjk df=lj=, Vjk sn]h j zf/bf SofDk;ofjflif{s pT;j k'if ̂ ut] Sjrfn . pu' Hof‰jM ; Vjkgu/kflnsfof k|d'v Pj+ sn]h ;~rfns ;ldltof gfof];'lgn k|hfklth'+ k'vf{+ bo\s tsu' snf j ;+:s[lt Djfsto\tf yLyL Hof‰jM Gxofs]dMu' cn] Pglhcf], cfOPglhcf]to\;+ o'jf to\tf :o+s Rj+u'ln+ cldtf ;r]t of;]+ emL;+yf}+ ofªfu' Hofv+ sGx] sk Sj5's] DjfMn]d hs wfof]lbn . w]afof lg+lt+ OHht ldodHo" cn] yMu' b]z j:jfledfgof lg+lt+ b]z j hgtfof dle+ h'Ou' 5'+ g+ Hofofo\ dHo' wfof] lbn .

yLyL sf;f j k|ltof]lutfvo\ pTs[i6 h'lk+tf l;/kfnMNxfou' Hof ‰jM gkf+ ;fF:s[lts Hof‰jM gkf+ z}lIfsk|bz{gL g+ SjrMu' vM .

Vjk kf}

20

@)&% k'if & ut], zlgaf/bfFobfF;+ of]d/L k'GxL v'Gx' h'Ou' sLlt{k'/o\ ªfsu'

hg;flxTo ;Dd]ng kfª\u|fof nf5L lwd]u'? rGb|axfb'/ dxh{g+pn]Hof ofª lbn .

pu' Hof‰jM; g]dlskfof ;lrj Pj+ ;f+;b k|]d;'jfnh'+ l;4fGt d?k'+ kf6L{t kfn+kM ;/sf/] jf+u' wfof] b\o';]+sDKo'lgi6 to\;+ lzIff, :jf:Yo lgz'Ns j emLu' b]zo\ x] -/f]huf/L_ Hof ljodfu'ln y'lsof cvM ofª Rj+u'ln+ g]klskf@% bf+ xfF lg;]+ efOsfFu|]; wfof] jof] Rj+u' vfF cM k|dfl0fth'h'+ jof] Rj+u' bM . wfof] lbn .

?;o\ :tflnglk;+ k"FhLkltto\u' lj?4o\ af]Nz]ljsto\;+ l5gf]kmfgf] ;+3if{ ofy]+ emL;+g+= ofo\dfu' vfF sªlbn .l;Gx+ lts kf6L{ tx|f+s lk;+ x] xMu' cWofb]zof lj?4o\ yMk'+sd{rf/L lk;+ cfGbf]ng ofª Rjg .

l;4fGtof vfF hgtfto\tf dsflgk'+ sDo'lgi6 h'ok}mdv' . lghL :jof] Dx\jrf z'Ns sfof] pRrlzIff laof]Rj+u'cn] lzIff >dgkf+ :jfo\dM wfOu' ;+:yfoftf VjkljZjljBfnoof ljw]os kfl/t dofDxf ;/sf/ hgtfoflj/f]wL ;/sf/ vM . b]zo\ ;+t'lnt ljsf; dof;]+ vf]gf jaf]ª\ufof a:tL j ;Dkbf :o+s]tf+u' bM . a? plsof w]af+/f]kj] bo\s] dMu' vM . hGdof cfwf/\o gful/stf sMlklg;Gtfgtf j+zhof gful/stf ljou' ofª ;+ljwfg j P]glxn]dMu' vM .

cy]x] g]dlskfof s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ Vjk gu/kflnsfofd]o/h'+ emLu' efiff, snf j ;+:s[lt emLu' Dxl;Osf vM .y'lsoftf Dofs to\u' emLu' st{Ao vM . cM ;+3Lo ;/sf/+:yfgLo lgsfovo\ sd{rf/L to\bMu' Aoj:yf+ :yfgLo lgsfosdhf]/ ofo\u' Hof ofª Rj+u' bM . :yfgLo txtf Ao"u':jf:Yo j lzIff g+ s]Gb|g+ nfs sfo\tf+u' bM . :yfgLo txtfAo"u' :jf:Yo j lzIff g+= s]Gb|+ nfs sfo\tf+u' ;+3Lotf j;+ljwfgof dltof cvM v M .

cy]x] g]dlskfof a}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o j k|b]z;efof ;f+;b ;'/]Gb|/fh uf];fO{+h'+ gSsnL ;dfhjfbL to\u'hft kf]n ljou' dfS;{jfbL to\u' wd{ vM yf}of ljs[lt,lj;+ultof lj?4o\ Rj;fGxofs]dMu' vfF ;|i6f to\tf sª

sLlt{k'/o\ ªfsu" hg;flxTo ;Dd]ng Sjrfnb\o';]+ ljZjf;3ftL to\u' lj?4o\ bfg]dfMu' cfjZostf g+ sªlbn .

cy]x] d]Dxf ;f+;b ;[hgf ;}+h' zf]lift–lkl8t to\u'kIf RjOu' ;flxTo h'u+ h'u Djfs Rjlgu'ln+ hgtfof 8fS6/h'odfu' vfF sfª lbn .

Hof‰jM ;+ k"j{ hg]{n k|]dl;+x a:g]t lq=lj= k|fs[ltslj1fg ;+u|xfno 5fpgLof k|d'v k|f=8f= wd{/fh 8+uf]n, k|f1j d]xflnDxf ufos /fds[i0f b'jfn, 8f= ;ldt cfrfo{lkG;+g+= g'jfu' pu' Hof‰jM vo\ Ujf;fvno a'l4dfg dxh{g,gf/fo0f dxh{g g'jfu' pu' Hof‰jMof ;efkltTj gfof] /fhjL/8+uf]n+ ofª b\o'u' vM .

KofA;g gu/;ldlt+ cGt/ljBfno of]d/L bo\s]u'k|ltof]lutfo\ emfof] Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'yhu' Hof Gx"u' k':tftf :oF :oF jfg] dMu' u'ls+ emLu' ;+:s[lt DjfªRjlgu' vfF :yfgLo kf7\oqmdvo\ b'Yjfsu' vfF sª lbn .

cy]x] ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{of dxfgu'? sfn{dfS;{oflåztjflif{s a'+lb+of n;tfo\ Vjk gu/kflnsf+ df=lj= -sIff(÷!)_ :t/Lo RjvF Rjou' k|ltof]lutf Sjrfo\sn . pu'Hof ‰jM vo\ k|d'v k|hfklth'+ @! cf}+ ztfAbLof nflu+ of]Uogful/s bo\s]u' Vjk gu/kflnsfof p2]Zo sfy+ sfn{dfS;{of/rgf Ajg]dMu' vfF aMlaof] lbn .

;dfhoftf of]ubfg ofª jf+k'+ :yfgLo j cGt/f{li6«oJolQmTj lklgu' ljifo 1fg bo\s to\dMu'ln+ ljBfyL{t lqmoflznh'of] Rjg] dMu' vfF g+ jo\sn+ sª lbn . yL yL j8fWoIflk;+g+ g'jfª b\o'u' y'u' Hof‰jM v] AjltsMk'+ d'Ss+ &) dxf bM .y'lsof zLif{s – æj}1flgs ;dfhjfb yf}+of cfjZostfÆ vo\@* Dxf j snf j ;+:s[lt Djfs to\u'ln Vjk gu/kflnsfÆvo\ $@ Dxfl;+ Aolt sMu' vM .

;xsf/L ;+:yf to\u' cg'udgof nflu+ kN;{ ;DaGwLtflnd ; \̀rfng ofª Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgnk|hfklth'+ hgtftf Ao"u' clwsf/ aNnf;fhs k|hftGq aNnfOu'wfof]lbn . sfg'g+ :yfgLo txtf lzIff, :jf:Yo ;xf/L gkf+yLyL If]qof clwsf/ Ao"u' vM . x/]s If]qo\ cfly{s cg'zf;gafFnfo\dfu' wfof]lbn . k|lzIfs s[i0fuf]laGb nfvfh' Ono\x]cg'udg of;f af+nfO wfof]lbn .