Living in a Dynamic

Tropical Forest

Landscape

Living in a Dynamic

Tropical Forest Landscape

Ed ited by

Nigel E. Stork mId Stepllen M. Turton

(I) Blackwell Publishing

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CONTENTS

LiS! 0/ Contributor. Fore"",d b}' P,t" H. R"'~n Acro),nm •• nd Abb",via'""l<

Ed it" ...

In troduction Nig<l E. S''''*ond SJ<phm M. Fur"",

Au str.l;"n Rainforest< in a Global Con •• " , Nig<l E. S.ort, 51,ph", eo...,. ... and S'_plwn M. T",mn

PART 1 HISTO!IY AND BtODIVERSITYOF THE W[l TROPICS

" xiii

" wiii

" 2 n.e Synoptic Moteorolog), of High Rainfall •• nd ,he Storm Run·off RoVOnse in the W,>! Tropk< 23

Mi., &mdl ond 11/ Callog/l""

3 Impacts 0/ Tropical Cyclone. on Forosts in t he Wet Tropics 0/ Au,lr.li. ~7

Sl<piIm M . Tu,'o" and Mgt! E. S/il,t

• Aborlgmal Cu lt ures In t he Wei Trop"" Sond", ""nndl

5 Europe.n Sett lement and its Impact on the Wei Tropic. Region 71 [l,,,,id /_ Turlon

6 n.e Establish"",n, 0/. World Hor l,.&, A",. 81 Ttl" S. V.I,nlin, "nd R"",,",",y Hill

7 n.e Nat ure of Rainfo"-,,,t T()IJrism: In , ight< Imrn a Tourism Social noce Re.o>.rch Programme <l.I PIlilip L. 1'<'=,

8 n.e Dynamic F"",,, Landsc.pe 0/ It-.. Au str.li.n Wet Tropics: """"'nt, Pa .. and Futu re 107 n",id IV Hillv,'

9 Florist ics ond PIon ' Biod i,-oroi'y 01 ,he !t1in f""-,,,. 0/ ,he Wet Tropics 123 o.nirl J. M,lcQ/fr ""d And= 1_ ford

10 T",,-ord. an U...",,,tonding 01 Vertebrate BOodi,·er';,y in ,he Australi an Wei Tropic. St<ph'" E. Will"'m •• }oonn, L. I,.."" Calhmn, Gmir"", and C""8 Mori'~

11 Origins a nd Main'enance 01 Freshwa"'r Fish BOodi"""i'y in t he Wet Tropics Region Brad p"~, Matt /:jn"arJ ""d Ang.la Arthinglon

12 [)i"e"i'y oIl n,..,rtebra,,,. in We' Tmp"'" Stream" Pattern. and l'roce<s<. Niall M_ Connally, fayr Chris/,d .... Brmd"" McKk, Lu~ Boyno .nd Richard P""son

on

'"

.... Coornm

13 The Invorteb"to hUM of the IV,>! Tropic.: Diversity, Endemi<m aoc Rei>tklnships [)a"jd Y,at", ani! &off B. NW"I<ith

14 Intornational Per<peeti"'" the Future 01 Biodi"ersity in the Wet Tropic< Ii," KiUa",,,

PART 2: €COLOGICAL P!!O(;ESSES AND OTH€R ECOSYST€M SEFMC€S

15 Hydrological Processes in t t-.. Tropical Rainforesl< of Australia [)a"d Melan",t, I,m Wall ..... , P,t" r,lch, Ma,k Di5h ..... ond Po,,1 R£ddrll

16 Se<'<l Dispersal Pmco<.",< in Au ,tralia'. Tropical Rain]"""t. ["m'd A. W,stro/l, A"d""" f. D<"ni., Mall G. B1'Ildftml, G","am N Ham'nglo" ond Adam MeK""",,,

17 Floral Morphology, Phenology and PoIlin.ltion in the Wet Tropics Sa,a" L /Joo1I ... , RD:.vr L K,lchi"g, O>ro/,,,,,. L. Gross, KyI"'. L. GoOOa/l a,d Bradl'Y G. HowI,1I

18 Servic..., and Di...,rvic..., from 1"-"-"<1< in Agricultural Landscape. 01 the Atherton Tabloland Saul A. Cunningham oni! K. Rosalind Blond",

19 Economic Approach« to the Value 01 Tropical Rainforests Ian Curti.

20 Intornational I'<r<peeti'''' Emlogical Processc. and i'.a><ystem Servre. in t t-.. Wet Tropics S.los.ph W'ight

PART 3: THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL VALU€S Of THE WET TROPICS

"" 224

'"

'" 21 Impacl< 01 O imate Variability and Climate Clungo on the lVot Tropiocs 0/ North·Eastern Austral ia U,7

l""'Ju,l,n, &I,liln

22 The Impact of O imate Clunge on the Biodi"ersity and i'.a><ptem Fu"",lon.s of the Wet Tropic. 282 51'1'/"" E. Wi/l,a"", I""""' L. /",,,,,and Luk, p. Shoo

23 Impacl< 01 Habitat Fragmentation and Li...,ar Clearing. on Au,trali.n Rainforest Biota William F. Laura,,", ond Miriam Goost-m

U Inva<ive W",'<Is in the lVet Tropics

SI<pit'" Goost-m

25 Verl<>brate I'<,t. 0/ the Wet Tropics Bio"'gion: Current Statu. and Future Trends Bradl,y C Congdon and lkb .... A . Ham'","

26 Application, of High Rooolution Rom"'" Sensing in Rainforest Ecology and Management [)a"d G,/I,,,,,", Ti"a Lawson a"d Us SNrI,

1:7 Em'ironmental Impacts of Tourism and Recreation in the We. Trop"", SI<pit'" M. Turliln a,u/ Nigt!1 E. Slork

28 Intornational I'<rspeeti,'''' C""-,,,rvation Research in the Australian Wet Tropics lViliiam F. Lau,",,",

PART 4: lMNG IN A WORLD HERITAGE AREA

29 The Wet Tropic. CO"-"''''ation Stratogy: CO"-"''''ation in a Communit y Context ComplxII Oa,*,

CeWTDm .. ,

30 Cultural Land"""pes in the Wet Tropics 373 Sond", ""nndl

31 Er.countering a World Heritage Land«af"" Commun ity aoo Vi,itor Perspecti,,<-,,, and Expericnces 387

""'n &nt'"ppfflJii"m ... and I""ph R""

32 Integrating Effort for Regional Natural R"",u rre Outmmes: the Wet Tropia; Exp"rier.ce 39!l Allan [NI" GmfjMc[\mald and Mgt! W"'on

33 'Getting the Mob in': Indigenousln iti."i"", in a New Era 0/ Natural R""",H,(" Management in Australi a Sond", ""nndl

34 Framing and Re<ear<hing the Impacts 0/ Vi<.itation And U.., in Protected Areas IosqIo R ..... "nd I""" &nl,upp<rNiumn

35 Unking Cultural and Natural Di''OTSity 0/ Global Significance to Vibra nt Economie, ~ma,y 11i11

36 Rethinking Road Ecology Mi,iam Goosoom

~ U"ing in a World Heritage Llnd«af"" An Intematic",.1 i'eTSpecti,'O kff"Y A. M cN«Iy

PART 5 RESTOR ING TROP'lCAL FOREST lANDSCAPES

38 Forest Re<toration at a Llnd«ape Scaie DI,,';d Lomb "nd rrl ... E,.,tdn,

39 Restmation in N"'th QUL'",,-,land' Recent Advanc<:< in the Science and l'r<>ct"", 0/ Tropical Rainfo""t Rest""at ion Nigft Tuck ...

.w Rainforest Re<toration for Biod ive .. it y and the Production 0/ Timbor Granl IV WartkIJ_John",n.loh" Kanou'Ski. CQria r . Ca",rall. MQ"Jy fTi", Q'IJ! Dal>id Lomb

011 Biodive rsit y and New Forest.: Interac1ing Pmc", .... Prospect< and Pitf,lIs 0/ Rainfere<t Restoration C.,lo P. Ca"""IJ./ohn KanGu'SIi Q'uI G,onl IV W.rtklJ_lohn",n

012 Monitor ing the Outcome. 0/ Refores tation for Biodive"ity C""<ervati,,, Joh" K.""1L'Ski. Clria r Cal/noll ."d D<Iml A. HQrTi","

-13 11M: Fut ure 1m Fore,t·based Indu"ries in the Wet Tropic< St,,~ Harrison Qnd John Hm"","

"" '"

01 01 In ternat ional Pe"pecti"e: Restming Tropical Forest Land<capes; R"'tor ng Wh at and 1m Whom' 552

kff"Y SoY"

PART 6 SCI£NCE INFORMING POUCY AND CONS£F!VATION AND M.o.NAG£MENI OF TROPICAL FORESTS

-15 Catchment to I«-.:f: Water Quality atld Emsy,tem Health in Tropical Streams Richard ""orson and Mgt! E. S/il,t

viii Coor"",

.u; A preliminary A.'<es<m<n! 0< Priority Area, for Plant Bi<>di"""ity Conservatkln in ,t-",

We' Tropics Bio"-'gkln Kr;s/m 1- Wiliia,"" Chris R. MO'8uIN, I'<t,n" L I'm ond Tom Bam'lt

47 New Tool. for Monitoring IVmld Heritage Val"", Slu"rl I'hinn, Cath"in. Ti",hu",t, AI.x fMd, I'riff S<arth, I""""" Nighli.S"k o"d Ka,p" lolum.."

48 Ra in fore.t Science and its Applic~tkln SI.,m", Goosnn, Nigrl E. S/ork ""d 51,ph," M Tu,'o"

.,

"" 49 Le.son. for Ot!>", Tropical F""", Landscapes 618

Mg.1 E. 510'*, SI~n M Turton, Wil liam r. lou"''"'', 1'.0 KiU"",,,, 11f'~ A. McNm~, "fJ"Y SoY'r ond S.los.ph Wright

CONTRIBUTORS

Many of It>< contributors wore particip.:mts in the Cool"',.he Research C .... .., for Tropical Ecology and Management and tr.e.., .ro identified with an as'eri<l"

EDITORS

Nigel [. Stork' School orResource M.toasement.tld Geosrophy. F.>rulty orland and Food Resources, Uni,..,TSity 0/ Melbo ..... Bu rnie)- Campu ,. Richmond. Victoria, Aust"l, •. Steph.n M . Turton' Australian Tmpical Fon .. , l"-,,ilUte. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences. lame< Cook Un i"""i'y. Ca;m.._ Queen,l.n,t Aust"li •.

CONTRIBllTORS

Ang.l~ ArihingtoR' Griffith Unh ..,.."ity. Nathan, Quc>en.l.nd. Australia

J0"lu.lin. B~l.ton Depa rtmen t 0/ Primary ltldu <tne. and Fisher"', Ca'''''' 01,.,,,,,<1.00, Au<tralia

Tom BUl'e!!' CSIRO Sustainable Erooy,to",-,. Tropical Fo",,' ~.rch Cen,,,,, A,henon, Q."",,,<I.nd, Australia

IN" O.n trupp.rbi ume," School 01 Eart h .nd Em·ironment.1 Sciences. J • ...,. Cook UniveT<ity. Caim.., Que<",-,I.md, Au,,,.li •.

K. R"".1ind BI~nch,,' CSIRO Entomology, Tropical Forest Re!;"arch CentTt, A,henon, Queen,land, Au.tralia.

Mik. Bon.1I Fonnorly UNESCO, Secbon on Hydrological ~.nd O ima,o. Divi..ion 0/ Wa"'rSciences, 1 rue Miolli., Pari., France.

S~r~h L. Boult .. ' Griffi'h School of Em'i"",,,,,,nt . Griffi'h Universi'y, Nat •• m, Queen,land, Au st.alia.

Lnz Boy.ro School of T"'I'ical Biology. Jame< Cook Universi'y, Caim.., Queen.<l.md, Au.trali •.

M.n G. B •• dford' CSIRO Su.tainable Erooy,tom.<, Atherton, ~n.<land, Au.trall.!

J.1f C.lI's',.n Se\'o", Weather Section. Bureau of Moteorolog)', Bri..!M .... o<,.,,,n.<laOO, Au.tralia

C.,l. P. C.tt.r~II' Griffith School of Environmen~ Griffith Unh ",,,,,ity. Nathan. Quc'<'n.land, Au.tralia

hy' Chri. tidi, School of Mari ... and T"'I'ical Biology. Jame< Cook University, Town.wille, Queen,land, Au.tralia

C.mpbell Cl.rk.' Wot Tropia; Man.lgoment Au thori!)', Caim.<, Quet.>n<land, Au.trali •.

B •• dl.y C Congdon' School of Mari ... and Tropical Biolog)', James Cool< Uni""",ity, Cairn., Qu<,"'''-<laOO.

Au.tralia

Ni.1I M. Connolly' School of Ma rine and Tropical Biology, James Cook Univor<lty, Cairn,. Quc"-'''-<laOO, Au.tralia

S~ul A. Cunningh.m' CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, ACf, Au ,tralia.

I.n Curiis' Natu.e Con«.".tion TN." of New So<lth IV • • ,.; SMEC Aumalia Ply limited, Townsville, Qu.",n<land, Au.tralia; and School 01 E.!rth .nd Environmental Scionce., Jame. Cook Uni"eJ'Sity, Queen,land, Au ,t.alia.

Alla n Dale Terrain Natural Re!;ou"" Management, Inni.,lai~ Que<.'n,la"d, Au.tralia

And",,. J. Dennis' CSIRO s..,<tainable Ecosystem., He""'rt"", Queensland .\887, Australia.

'--t.rL D i.her' CSIRO Lmd and Water, Davie. Laboratory, Townsville, Queen,land, Au.malia.

Peter Erskine' School of Intogrative Bi<>logy, University of Que<.'n,land, St Lucia, Queen,land, Australla.

Peter Fitch' CSIRO Land.nd W.' er, Oui,tian Laboratory, Black Mou"","in, ACT, Au"ralia.

And",,. J. Ford " CSIRO Su ,tainab le Ecooptem" Tropical For .... t R"",arch Cent"', A,herton, Queemland, Au ,tralia.

David GilliHOn " School of Earth .nd Environmental Sciene.,,;, James Cook Uni .. "r<lty, Cairn" Qu.-en<land, Au ,tralia.

Kylie L G o",bU' Griffith Uni .. "r<lty, Nathan, Que<.'n,land, Au,tralia

Miriam G oo ... m' School of Eanh .nd Environmental Science<, Jame< Cook Uni,·e .. ity, Ca irns, Que<.'nsland, Au ,tralia.

Stephen Goo ... m' IVeI Tropic< Management Aut"",rity, Caim.., Qu.",,,,land, Au.tralia

C. therine Graham Departmen t 0/ Ecology a nd Evolution Stony Brool. State Uni"""ity, New York, USA.

C .. " line L. Gro.. Ecosy,tem Management, Uni"e"ity of New England, Armidale, NewSonth Wales, Au ,tralia.

Gran.m N. H.rrington " CSIRO Su ,ta inable Ecooy"tem" Atherton Qu""n<land, Australia

Deb .. A. H .. ri..,n" Griffith School of Em'ironment, Grilfith Uni,·e .. it):. Nathan, Queen,land, Au ,tralia.

S,~,·~ HArri,nn ' <;Chnnt nl No'",.,t OM I/",.t <;Y",'m. Mon.,&,,,,,,,,,. Iln ;,,,,,,"Y.--.l O",,'n,bM, Gatton, Que<.'n,land, Au.malla

Alex Held " Divi';onol Lmd and IV.ter, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Au.tr.lia

John Herbohn' School of Natural and Rural Sy,tems Managemen~ Un"·.".",ity of Qu.",n<land, Gatton, Que<.'n,land, Au,tralla

David W. Hilbert' CSIRO Sustainable Ec""y<tcm., Herberton, Qu""n.land, Au.tralia

R ..... m.ry Hill ' School of Earth and Environmental Sci.",,,,", James CO:>X Uni,·e,., ity, Cairn" Queen,land, Au ,tralia; .nd CSIRO Su.tainable E"""y<tem., Caim.., Qu""n,land, Au.tralia

B .. dley G. Howlett' Griffith Uni,,, .. ity, Nathan, Que<.'n,land, Au,tralla; and New Zealand In<litute lor Crop .nd F<>Od R.. .... arch Ltd, Chri<t<hurch, New Zealand

Jo.nne L. I.... Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Oimate Change, School of Ma ri"" and Tropical Bi<>log)" Jaffi<., Cook Uni,,,rsity, Town,ville, Queen,land, Au ,tralia.

Kasper Joh.n ... n Biophy,ical Remote Scn,i ng Group, School of eeog .. phy, Plann ing and Architecture, Uni" crsity of Queen,land, Au ,trali a.

John K.nowski' Cent'" for Innov.ti,,, C""-"' ... ·ation StrategiC<, School of Em'ir""mon~ Griffith Unh..,,,ity, Nathan Queen,land, Australla.

Mark Kennard' Australian Ri,,,,rs Institu te, Griffith Univer<lty, Nat han, Que<.'n,land, Au,tralia

Jim Kikkawa' School of Integrative Bi<>logy, University of Que<.'n,land, Au,tralia

Roger L. Kitching' Griffith School 01 En vironmen~ Griffith Uni,,,,<lty, Na than, Qu""".land, Au.tralia

David LImb " School of Integrative Biology, Univcrsil)' 0/ Queen,land, 51 Lucia, Quc'<'n<land, A~stralia

Wi1li~rn f . uuron« Smith"",ian Tropical Resea",h Institu te. Balboa. Ancon. Panama. Rep ublic of Pa nama; .nd Biological Dynamic< 01 Fo""t Fragments Project. Nati"",,1 In,titute lor Amazonia n Rosea",h (INPA). Manau" AmazorLj •• Brazil

lino Low""n' CSIRO Sustainable Ecosy<tems. Tropical fo,,-.,t R.....,arch C<nt re, Atherton, Qu,,,,n<laoo, Au.tral;".

G..,U MeDonold ' CSIROSustainabie E"""y<tem •• 51 Lucia, ~n<land, Au.malia

Dnid Melonnet' CSIRO Land.nd Wator. 120 Meio", Rd. Indooroopilly, Qu,,,,n<land. Australia

Adorn ~leK..,wn · CSIRO Sustainable E.a><ystem,. Atherton. Queel" land. Aust ral;".

Brendon McKie Department of Ecolog)' and Environmental Science, Ume' Uni", ... ity. S"','<Ien.

JeU...,y A. MeN""ly International Union for Con .. r .... tion 01 Nature and t-atural Resourceo (IUCl'.'). Gland. Switzo,;"nd.

Chris R. Mugule, ' CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystem.; and Tropical Forest Rt.earm Cent"', AtMnon, ~n<land, Au.tral;"

Doniel J. Mriulfe' CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystem., Tropical Forest Resea,ch Centre, Atherton, Queen,land, Au.tral;".

G..,U B. Monteith' Queen,land MU!i<'llm, South Bri.b.:I .... , Queen,land, Australia.

Croig Moritz' Museum of Venebrate Zoology, University 01 California, Berkeley, Cllifomia, USA.

J<>lnne Nighting.de' Biophy<lcal Rem"'" $en,ing Group, School 01 Geog"phy, Plann ing and Architectu "" Uni,,,,,,ity 01 Qu..,.,n<land, Au.tralia

S.ndro ronnel!' Discipline of An thropology and Archaeology, School of Mts .nd Social Science<, lame< Cook Uni,,,,,,ity, Townsville, ~nsl.lnd, Au.tral;"

Philip L. re .. e,,' Touri.m Program, School 01 Bu , iness, James Cook Unh ..,,,,ity, Au.tral;"

Kie"ord r.nson' xhoot ot Mari...,.nd Iropical Hk>togy, James {..""" Uni"""ity, lown"'ille, Vl"",n<land, Au.tral;".

Petin.. L Pert' CSIRO Su ,tainab le Ecosy.tem" Tropical Fon. .. t Rosearm C'''tre, Atherton, Queen<land, Au.tral;".

Stuort Phinn' Biophy.ical Remote $en,ing Group, School 01 Geography, l'Ianning .nd Archit<.>ctu re, Uni,,, .. ity 01 Qt"",n<land, Au.tralia

Mondy Pri« Natural .00 Rural System. Mar.agement, Univer<lty of Quem,land, Gatton, Qu,,,,n<land, Au.tral;".

B .. d Pu"y' Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith Uni,..,"';ty, Nathan, Quot.>n.<l.l nd, Au.tralia.

Poul Reddell' CSIRO Land and Water, Tropical Fo ..... t Rosea",h Centre, A.hert"", Queen<land, Au.tral;".

J""eph Reser' School 01 P'ychology, Griffith Uni,..,"';ty, Gold Coa,t, Qu''O.'fl.<land, Au.tralia

J"ffrey Soyer Forest Con.",,,·ation Programme, International Union for Conserv.tion of Nature and Natural Re'iOu TCeS (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland

Pet .. s.:orth' Biophy<lcal Remote Sen,i ng Group, School of Geography, Plann ing and Architectu re, Uni,·et'Sity 01 Queeml.l nd, Au.tralia.

L .. S .. de School of Eanh and Environmen tal Sciences, lames Cook Uniwrsity, Clim.<, Queen<land, Au ,tralia.

Luke r. Sh",,' Centre for Tropical Biod;;"",ity al\d Climate Cha nge, School 01 Marine .nd Tropical Biology, lames Cook University, Town"'iIle, Queen,land, Au.tral;".

C.th .. ine li«hurst' Di" i,ion of Land .nd W. tor, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Au.tralia.

Nigel Tuch, Biotropica Au.tralia Ply Ltd, Mal.mda, Quee,,-,land, Au ,ltalia.

D.vid J. Turton Depa"ment of Huma nities. School 01 An. and Social Sciences. Jam..'"S Cook Uni,,,,.ity, Caim." Queen,land. Au,tralia.

Peter s. V.lentine" School 01 Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University. Town<vill<, Qu • ..,nsiand. Australia

Jim W.II.",' CSIRO Land and lVater. Davies LabOlatory. Tow,,-,ville, Quee,,-,land, Au ,tralia.

Gr.nt W. W.rdell"Jolm!iOn' Criffith School of Endronment, Crilfith U,iversity. Nathan, Queen,land, Au,trali.; and Natural and Rural Sy.tem., MalLlgemen~ University 01 ~n<land. G.ltton, Queen,land, Au,tralia.

D.vid A. W.,tcott ' CSIRO Sustainable Erooy«""", Ather1on, Queen,bnd, Au,tralia.

Nigel Weston " Criffith Uni ..... rsity, Nathan. Queen,land. Au.tralia.

Stephen E. Willi.m,' Contre for Tropical Bindi,,,,,ity and Climate Ch.mge, School 0/ Mari"" and Tropical Biology. James Cook University, Town,,·iI!e. Queen,land. Au.tral",.

Kri.ten J. WilIi.mo' CSlRO s.."tailLlbl< Ems)"'tem.; and Tropical Fore;t Re!;".rch Cent",. Ather1""­Qu • ..,n.land. Australia

S. Jo""ph Wright Sm ith."",ian Tropical R"",.rch Institute. Ball>oo., Pat\olma, Repu blic 01 Panama.

D.vid y •• t .. ' n.., Au,tralian National ln.ed Collection. CSIRO En tomology, Can"""a. ACT. Australia

FOREWORD

n.., wmld ', tropical rainfores." which occupy no more th..l n 7'l:. 01 the Earth', latld rna, .. '.'''Iues"" within them .bou, 4ll':4 of all carbon that i. no! hold in ,he

ocea n .. Impor'antly, they are home 10. largo p.>n of global Nod;,,,,,,;!y, wilh l"'rh..lps a. many as half <>f ,he

""rid', ,ot.1 species found nowhere 01 .. . In .dd ition, they playa key role in the Ea rth', at mospheric cirrula· lion and in the delonninat ion of clim.te, ind uding precipit>.ion, at a local and regklnal "",Ie. Located . lmost entirely within do,..,loping cou nt,ieo, ,r.e.., for_

... 1S.r< heavily impacted by Iog.1 atld illegal logging.. destruche mini,,&- d earing for agriculture and plan !>'ion, and ""ifling rultiva.ion. A majori'y of Indigenous 1"->01'10 li ving in rai nfo,,-"St .re., have been removed rr<>m their traditio ..... 1 land., and ,t-", mega_ fau na in lhL"" 10',-"''', "'<ential 10 their ,egu lar fu nc_ tioning.. L. h.>ing d"'-.. tated by hunting.

De.pile ""'''g effons for mo..., ttun th"-,, decades,

i, has proved ex">ordinarily diffirult to develop .u ... tainable 'and ·u.., 'y",ems in "'" moist 'ropiC<. l hoir "-,",,urce. ha,,, pm'''-'<I at"active lOT e'ploitation by corporabo." and individuals ",ithin thoir own

muntri~"" and tho <1"-"'<1 of thoir des'rucrion ha, been iocreased by ,ho demand. of an emo"lling global economy. Industr;"lized roun "ies ha ve, a, a whole, e,h ibited insufficien ' will '0 secure the prol<>ction of

",""UTCe< outside of their bounda ries, despite rontin· ued lamentation about tt>< ,itua'ion

Tropical rainfo,,"," are found on the main!.lnd of only one indu strialized nat ion, Au,tralia, and it i. in the "","""lied 'Wet Tropic<' of tha, lLl,ion that major

progre<s has ""-'n made in ochieving ,ustainabl< .y .. em. for these forest """"'y .. em •. n.., local «ientific rommu nity has p !.lyed a major, long. 'erm role, p.>rtic.

u;"rly in dri"ing the creation of the Wc~ Tropics of COuo-" ..... !.lnd \ Vorid I-kriLlge Area in the 1980s, Imp"-"""" ad,';mces haw be.. ... made in the pa,t IO-IS }""'" thTO<lgh thecreation of a multidi.<;cipllnary science-b.:I.<ed p.>rtnersh ip _ ,he Coo!",rative R...,.,arch Contre for Tropical Rainfo"-,,,t Erology and MaMgement _ that

unit .. u niversi'ies, the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Reoearch Orga ni""tion (CSIRO), other

"-",,arch orga"iza'ions, local commu niti .. and local people, ,he Indigenou. commun ity, gm..,mment< a' all

1<,..,1<, industry, p.>rtirularly the 'ouri.,m indust')-" and non.govemmtn LlI organiza'ions in an clfort to man· age these em<j-'stem. ,usLlinably. Thi. book provid .. an in-dept h analy,i, of how thi, prog"-'" ha, been

achieved. I, i. fitting that we should p.>y respect to the """,arch

pioneer. of the Wet Tropic< and in p.>rtirular to Len lVebb, whose JeLlnical ,tudie< in ,he 19600 and 1970<

and later, often ",ith Geoff Tracey, laid out tt>< p.>, h for other< '0 follow. Len was p.>,sionate about Indigenou. people, and w(lUld be plea.,,-'<I to see the "-"Cen ' streng,h of c ... gagement with Rai nfo"-,,,t AborigilLll peopl .. ,

e"idenced by nu merous chapters in ,hi., book. It i, al.., good to ..,., a fe w of tr.o.e pionc""rs as autho ... in ,hi., book _ Jim Kikkawa, Mike Bo""n, and many mo",.

Also included a. au,ho ... are ..,"'" of ,r.o.e who made

the ron"""ati"" and protection of rainfo"-"",,, in North tJu"",,-,'and hap!"',,- including Aila Keto, Kooo>mary H ill and Mike Ile<wick. 1lle battles to p"-"""'e Aus"alia·. rainforests up and do",n the east coo<l and

in south· w~""'t Ta.mania hav" been Herre and ha"e "-"Ce i,.ro much intema,ional a'tention.

In the final chapter, edito ... Nigel Stork and Stev" Turton a,k whtthe-r there are Ie"",,,,,,, from ,"" Australian lVet Tropic< th.lt can be applied d ",where, 1llere ct.,.. tainly are' It i • ....,ntial in pUT.uing ,ust.:>inability any·

"'''''''' to engage aU ,"" stakeholders in debates about the way rainforest. can be managed, to make sciOOC<'­

based decisloni and to work ac",,", d iscipline. and eco­.ystems, 1lle wap in which our !.lndsea!"" are "",lLlged diredly affect the heal'h of waterway<, estu · ari .. , ",etland>, roral red, and ocean .. Thi, book Llke<

a uniquely cr,mprehensive and ,""""ore exempiary holistic ap pro.lch to !.lndsea!", ",I<"", and .ustailLlble "",lLlgemont, and is a "aluabl< con,ribu,ion ,hat will

"'rtainlyattrart interest thl'O<lgi>out the wmld.

Peter H. Raven Mi..""",i Botanical Garden

51 Lou i" Miw >u ri, USA

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AATSE Au,tralian Academy of T<xhnologkal 00" ~iametor at b ", •. " height

Science< atld Engineering O>C Depa"ment of Em-ironment and AOA addi,i .. " b • ..,1 area C""-,,,.',a[ion

AC> Au,tralian Con.."".,i"" FOlmdation DEM ~igital ole,'a,i"" moo.l ACrUCN Au,tralian Commit .. ", for the World mG ~i,perser fUOCI i<>na] g'()lJPS

C""-"' ... ·alion Union ON ~igital numbe ..

AG' .bo."'"81'OU nd biom>-.. DNRM Department of Natu ral Reoource< and ANC Au,tralian Heritage Commi""'n \l ine< AIMS Au,tralian Ire,titute 01 Marl..., Science DNRMW Department of Natu ral Reoource<,

ACe Au,tralian Labour Party \l ine<and W."" ANN anifici.:ll neural network OX" .ked 0/ 8ront in lru<l ATS1C AoorigilLll atld Torre. Slrait I.!'mder on Quc", ... <I.nd Depa"ment of Primary

Commi,."", Indust"" AWS automat ic ",-c.ther .tati"" Drl, Depa"ment of Primary IOOm.ri.,. and OA 00.",,1 area Fisherie.

" 801'''ooon Ker HA environmental impact "-,",-",,.men' BMB Black Mou ntain Barrier a" environmental ""'lLlgement <ystem,

BMC Black Mou ntain Corridor m;o EI Nino Southern Oscillation

" before p"-",,,nt = ""pe rience opporlun ity <pe<1rum IlKL>~ bidirectional relleetance distribu tion hl'A hn .. ir<>nmentall'r""-'chon Agency

function EPBCA<1 Environment Protection and

CAFNEC Caimsand Far Norlh &wironm<'<It Biodiversity C""-,,,rvation A<1 1999 Cen tre ffi; Euro!"'.n Remote Sen,ing •• "ellite

ml.yrBP caku lat<'<l year before pre«n t '. Iorest floor e ... poration CAPE rorl\'cc,i .. " .... ilable potential energy " ""apotr anspi ration CC, Commu nity Con..,,,..,.j Area. m ""hanced vegetation index mM clean development mechan ism FANN Iorest .rtificial neural ""twork cm chief executive offl"" <>G fruit fuoctiolLll group< CMA Catchment MalLlgement Au thorities H; Iorest inventory ,u""y

CNVF complex notophyll vi"" fo"-'St '" Iorest land"""pe restora'ion

'" Coo!",rati,,, ~arch Centre FNQNRM far North Qu<'ell<land Natural CRRP Commu nity Rainforest Rewgetation R.""",fCe MalLlgement Ltd

Program FNQEB far North Qu<"-'<I<land Electricity Board CS1RO Commonwealth Scientific.oo H'Q fo..,,,ry Plantations ~nsl.lnd

Indu<trial ~.r<h Organisation FWPROC fo..,,, and Wood Product. R. ... arch

enx Cape Tribulation Community Council .nd o.,,,iopment Corporation CVM contingent "aluation method GA M ~e...,ralized additi"" model< Cwlth Commonwealt h CBR Gre.t Barrier Reef mc Cape York C""-"''''ation COlI""il CBRMPA Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 0 R.'Charge e=, ~ob.1l d imate models DASETI o.partment of Art .. Sports, the m ,vound ront rol points

Em'ironment, Tourism.nd Territories CDR Great Dividing Range

- ,"""""" .. "'" -""""'" GO; g<><>graphical information 'y<tem .• N1R ""ar infr.",,-'<l GW g<>neralizo.>d linear model. NORMA 'JOrlhem Rainfo,,-'St Management G~ global positioning .}'Stem. Agency "CO Holocene climatic optimum NPP "oe' primary product;""

""" head. of agr".,,,,,,nl "QAA ,"orlh Queen,land Af!o",,""ion , canopy int."'""ption A<sociation

'"~ Interim Biogeographic Region.lli .. 'ion "QTC ,"orlh Queen.,land Timber Cooper.,;,·. for Au ,tralia NR!l.l '\atural """'"Tee ""'''''gemen'

IFOV in,tantaneous field of vic ... NR!l.l &. E '\atural """",ceo, mine< and """'gy ILUA Indigenous "md use as"",,,,,,n! NSW 'Jew South IVai ..

'" Indigenous PmlO<1ro Are., m 'Jorthem Territory

'"X Inte'll0,..,mrnen!.:l.1 Panel "" Climate OC OIi''''TCn"k Change OEeD Drganl""ion for Economic

IPCCTAR International Panel fmClim.'eChange Co-oper"jon and I)"velopment Third A __ .. ment Report , ",.1 p,,-'Cipitalion

IPM in",grated pes' management '" pOOl<><yn'"",'ically octi ... radiation

n>G Indigenous ,,-xhnical . u pport group " ,loud inlerceplion IUCN lnlemational Union for Con."'rv~Iion of PFANN ,..,I.aeo-foro<t artifici.ll neural network

Naluro atld Natural Ro'iOUrces (World '. rainfall Con",,,'ati,,,, Union) '. rainfall corrected for <lop< off<'ds atld

IWC Itldigenous ""rking group wind I"""" leu James Cook Uni"" .. ity ,~ PleiSlocenen-lolocen< transition

I'~ Japanese Earth Resource 5,"ellile 'IV' plantalion joint venture «heme

I' ",inl implementation ~ programme su pport group'

< ,alialed (saturated) hydraulic ~" ;><ychooocial imp.xt assessment ronducth'ity N potential vorticity

'" leaf area index "we guanlilying the biodi'''TSity ,'alues of LCM L:>,t Clacial Maximum rdon"''''tion MDI mean daily inten.<lty QCC Quc"",-<Iand Con.", .. 'alion Council M~ millennium """"'ySlem a"""".me." QDMR Quc"",-<Iand Department of Main Road. MHR Memher of the Hou"" of QJ guickl\ow

Rep""",nta Ii,..,. QID Quc"",-<Iand Forestry Department MIS manag<'<l im..,,;Iment «hemes QPWS Queen.<land Park. and Wildlife Service MJO Madden-Julian Oscillation Q" guickllow n",I""'-<O ratios ML! Mount Lewis , ",nofl

M' Member of Parliament RAAF Ropl Australian Air Fon:e MSL mean..,a level RAIN Rainlo,,--;t Informati""ar..:! Action MVF mO'iOphyll vine lore",1 \letwork

'" Nali"""l Actkm PLm "'" Rainlo,,--;t C""-,,, .. 'alion Society of NAPSWQ Nali"",,1 Actkm PLm lor Salinity atld Qu<",n.<lar..:!

W,terQuality " regional ocooy,tom NCAR Nali"",,1 Cenl'" for Atmospheric " ",tum flow

R"",arrn RFlD Rai nl a II in ten.<ity_ln'luency-d ur ation NCEP Nali"",,1 Cenl'" for Environmonlal '" regional im,<-",tmonl ,trategy

Prediction "" recreation opportunity spectrum NDVI normalized difference ''''getation index RPAC R..-gional Planning Add'iOry Commi"c'" NGO non·govemmenl organization W "ructural adju ,tmenl package

""' Nalural Heritage Tru,t '" Synthetic Al"'rtme Radar

;e, ;,

'" SLATS SNSM

~,

~,

SoWT

"'OT

." ~,

'" , '" " TIN mAC TOFTW

ffi~'

Smi,hfi<ld Con"",,,.t"'" Park ."'mHow "",;.1 impact ,,-,",-,";<men' Statewide Landm,,,, atld Tn><-.. Stu dy

oimple n<>loph}'11 and <impl. m icro­phyll lo","ts and ,hicket. state of It>< e n";m",,,,,,,! ... !uration m.." land How Slate of ,he IVei Tropic<

Sy<tome Pour l'Obser"ation de '" Terr< species (plural) sul><urface <tonnflow

'1"-"".1 ""Seta'ion 1001"" tran.piration trad itional <'COlogical knowledge th mughfall triangulated irregu lar net".",.k Traditional Owne, Ad"L""ry Committee ",II open fo"-,,,t.and tall woodland, T"",. for ,he Evelyn and Atherton

Tabld.nd. Tropical Ra inlore" Society n.. 1'I"oldemc-;. Society Upper Barre.n

UNESCO

VIM

WA WAG

WHA WHC WMC

WTAPPT

WTMA ,,~

I'lfQWHA

I'lTVPRAS

Un~ed Nation, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organc.."km

visitOT impact management visitOT monitoring 'y .. em ,..,,,ical p<=lat ion vapour p,..,;u,e deficit Western Au ,tralia Dougla, Shi'" \'I"oldemc"S-. Act;""

Group World He,i",se Are. World He,i",se Committee Wes'ern Mining Cmporalion

We' Tropics Aboriginal PI,n Project Te,m

Wet Tropics M,nagement Au thority willingne<s to p.1}'

Wet Tropics ofQueen,l,nd Wmld Heri"S" Are, Wet Tropics T .... ", PI,n ting Scheme Wet Tropics Vertobr>le Pest Risk A...,..ment Scheme

WnVHA Wet Tropics Wmld Heri"ge Area WIWHPM Act Wet Tropics World Heri"ge

Protection and Management A<1 ,~,

<on ",alerstoroge

EDITORS

Nigel Stork hold. ,he Chair 0/ Resource Management and L< Head 01 S<hool of Resource Manage ment and

Geography, Head of the Bu rnley Campu , and A,<OCi.", Dean for Kno"lodge T",,-,r,,, at It>< Un;"",,;.)' of Melbou...., _ Formerly the CEO 0/ ,he C""!,,,<> ,ive R"",. rch Cen,,,, 1m Tropical Rai nlo,,-.. , Ecology and Man 'ge"",nl, he Ius ,tud"-'<l tropical forest <'COlog)' wit h p.rtirulor interest in i,,-,,->ct di,.."..ity in many t ropical ''-"gi",,-, of the ""rid. He has edited or c<>-edited ton book, an d w,iUen more than 150 scientific papers. Nige l i. a DirOC1m of Earthwalch Au ,tralia, Member 0/ Council for A . .....a.,ion for Tropical Biology and Co"-,.,.,,ation and ",a. the fo,me, Olair 0/ the Wet Tropics M.n..lgement Au thori,y Community Con.u,,,,,;,-,, Committ",,_

S tep he n Turton i. II>< E"'-'C1.lhe Di .... " ,o. for the James Cook Universily/Conmonweal,h Scientific and Indu,trial Re.e.r<:h Organc",-'ion Tropical Land",. pes joint Vent ure at James Cool< U ni ,-""ity in Cai",-<, A ustr. Ii • . P"-,,,iou ,Iy, he w~, A~.oci.."e Prof""",r in Geosrophy and Di"-,,,or 01 Re.ear<:h for ,he Ra infores, Cooper a,i "" R"",arch Cen' '" Hi. ",,",arch in,o,,-.. l. indu de tropical d ima,<>Iogy. rainfores, omlogy, UrN O ecology, ,,-'Crea'ion omlogy and na,ural """"ree managoment. Steve ...... publL.hed over 100 <Ci<n,ific pape .. in tne.., fields 01 <ludy, comprising ",fororo ;oumal article., book chap"'rs and "-",,,arch monographs. Steve L. a former Councillor 01 the Ins,i,uto of Australian Geographers a nd a ""'mbo>r 01 ,he Wl~ T mpies Managomen, Au ,hori' y'. Sclen,i fic Ad v'-"'ry Committee Ho is al", ,he honorary t rea,urer and rouncil ""'mbo>r 01 ,he A<.«><ia,ion for Tmpical Bi<>logy and Co"-"' ... ·a'ion, A.Ia·Pacific Chaptor

INTRODUCTION

Nigel E. Store ~ alld Stephell M . Tllrtoll2•

'School of Resou"",, Management and Coosraphy. F.>rulty of Land arid Food Resou,ceo. University of Molbo<lme. Burnley urnpu., Richmond. Victor;", Au ,trali. 'Au",,,Ii.m Tmpical fo,,,,,' ',,-<tilute. School 0/ Earth and Em ,,,,,,mental Science<, Jame< Cook University. Cairn., Qu<"-,,,.land. Australia on.. authors w.ro participan ts of Cooperati .. e Re!;"arch un"" 1m TTOP;"'" Ecology and M.Msoment

Thl, hook i. a roml"'ndiu m of ",hat ,,'" have learnt 'OO'H II>< "","""lied "Wet Tropic.' landscapes of nonh· ea" Au.trall.> and bring> together a wealth of .denti!ic tindings at\d traditional <'COlogical knowledge. lhese

forested land<Cap<-". a lthough only. wry ,mall pan of Au.tr.lia in geogropnical 'erITL'. are 00"'" to a h igh

proportion of the con,i,..,,,!'. 'I"->cies at\d oms}'"""". and h.,we a .pedal oignificaoce both ",,'ionaHy and internationally. n.e.., 'ropical I"""" land"""pes have .1 "" been the home for [n<ligenoo, Au "Ta li.m, 10 rthou · sand, of ye.rs. In n>cognition 0/ the global .. gnificance of the ""tural history of the "-1;ion the Wet Tropic< was World Heritage listed by UNESCO in 19AA

Like other regions 01 ea,tem Australia (a nd the hu mid tropics in g"""ralt the Wet Tropic< has experi . enced widespread clearing for agricultu re. notably along the roastal plain het ween M"",ma n and Ingham and on the Athe""" Tab leland, inland from Caim., (Figure< 11 and 1.2). De.pite these majm land me impact., the "-1;;0" still contain., large tracts 0/ intact fo"-,,,t and wetland, tha ~ el .. where in eastern Au ,tr alia. ha,.., been .."..,rely fragment<>rl . In "",-",t decade< there h ... , been increa,ing pr..,;u", for fur ther agricultu ral. urban. peri .urban and touri,m dev"lopment in tt-", Wet Tropic< and th"", and other u,.,. compete with ""ture core"."vati"" in what is a highly contestc>rl landscape.

Thi, ha, providd "-1;klnal plan,.., .. with both chal· leng .. and opportunities for su«ain.>b., usc of Au,tralia's rn<><t DoIogically comp le, land<eape . Man}' ot these impacting torces are d iscu«ed in titt., \'Olume

Although a fe 'N scientisl' had worxed for man}' )",a .. "" ,-ariom a.'pee" of the natural h i<tory of the Wet Tropic<. until quite recently our u nderstanding of t t-", region ",·a. p"chy. Thi, changed with the oignifi. can t funding of tho Cooperati,.., R"",arch Centre for Tropical Rainfo""t Ecology and Management (the Rainfo,,-.. t CRe) from 1993 to 2006. n.., Rainfore« CRC,

driven bJ-' the wide.ranging need, of ils ,taxeholdeT<, encouraged Ion~.'enn f""ndat i"",,1 re<earm and supported mu Itid.sci pi ina ry projectsoften empha.'izin g t t-", i m portanee ofli nxin g social and ecological system<­It i. doubtful thai . uch an in",grated. roncert<>rl and broad·«a., "-',,,,rch effort ha, ev"r been achiev<>rl hefore for a tmpkal forest land<ea)'" anywhere in the world . All those invol,-ed in the Rainlo",,, CRC we",

xeen to acxnowle.Jge that the important Ie"""" gaiT>L>rl lrom thi, I"'ing ....,arch laboratory should be used to gu ide luture ",,,,,,rch effo,,-, in tropical and sub.tropi. cal Au,tralia and ,I..,where in the ,,-mid. We therefore

felt compelle.J to bring together this xt-.owl<>rlge and tt-", lesson. learnt in a .ingle comprehen,ive ,'Oiume 01 wor>:. In doing this ".., we", "..,11 aware 0/ the poucity

2 N!GI:l E.S"*,_Sr"",,,M, T"""",

w •

• ._-

.-- ,.

FII~" 1.1 IV« T">J>i<$ HW'" 01 Au" .. II. _ nort","", <o>t.J

-~

of Information lor other tropical for"" lat\dscal"'" arout\d the world. Inlern~lionally ther~ .'" no t""l.

thai provide such a I>oIi5tic view of any lropical lor .. 1 land",a!"" inclu ding the oo<ial, cultural and economic di"",n';on<. Furthermore, no other loxt< prO\'ide such

a breadth 01 undersl.>nding and linkages among differ­

ent fie ld, 0/ sludy. Other t." t. focusin g on it\divk!ual tropical I""",. ",ally only I.ke a biological "icw at\d usu ally lack a n Indigenous and management I<>cu. (e.g . Gentry 1990; McDMle.1 aI. 1<J9.l; leigh .1 .1. 19%;

Laurance & Bierr"g.ard 1997) Ren'f'lt book, by s"rmingham " 01. (2005) examining the he"ory and ecology of tropical 10"-,,,1. at\d by Laur,oce and Pc..,. (2006) on lhe th""'I> to Iropical 10"-,,,1. dra,,- heavily on

examples lrom the W'" Tropics

• -

--.' . . ,

n &"" 1.2 W,~ Tn,!"", rugion "j A .... ,.I .. _ ..... tIw.n ", .. ,.1 """1m orul Ath.-rl, .. T obl<1o.-.! ~

Auslralia "'" a repu tation for its environmental sci· ence and ils .pplication 10 impro'" ""tural "",,,u,,,", m .... g"""-",t, C<JnS<"-,,ion arod su<lain.abi!ilj-' , 1 ,he land"",,1'" 'iC,r. It i. al"" the only deVL>!opo.>d rounlry with tropic.ll rainforest CJtl II> mainland. 1ho ralnfo,,---'" . .o.'fKe carriedout In m.:I0Y fi<ld. of study 0'''' the l"''' )()"IS years h>s "'-"" world c!.w; and ,,,,-,,,, have b<..'f'l

rn.myintem.:lt"'""lly"'gnilicanl .orotificbreakthroughs, ,uch as lhose., rorL'ielVaOOn genetics, ''-'gelalion mod· cUing. agroior<S'ry and ""'-'8""'00n lechnique><, biodi· veTSity 0.,."...,.,..1 and modelling of the impacts of d lmale ch.:mg< on tropical bioch"",lly, arod the integr •• tion of scienc< wilh natur.1 resotJI'Ce manag"""-... ~ to name bul a Ie",. In this _ outhors have ""'" oncour­

ag<>d to place I:""r chapters In an I",,,,,,.:ltion.:ll ront""t.

Since lhe AUSlralian Wei Trop ic< ,ainlon"l' and lhei, adjacenl agricultural and urban landscapes a,e no", a, "..,11 unde'<lood a, or betie, undeTSlood llu n an}' OIhe, l ropical 10'''' landscapes in lhe ",orld, we hope llul Ihi. book al"" will be 0/ inlo,,-.. , 10 a wide range of ",adoTS, including students, scien'i"., policy_ mah .. and nalmal "--.ou"" manage .. , ~ .. pedally in lhe h umid lropies. 1be book i, p""",,'ed in oix p"n., wilh P"" .umma,ies being wrillen by inlemahon,,1 luminaries who Iu,.., lried 1<> pi"'" It>< cluple .. in a global ronle" . rarl I look, al lhe hi<lo'Y and b iodi,..,, _ sily 0/ lhe 1'1'01 Tropics regkm and ind ude< clup"''' on Indigenous cu llu, .. and Eu,opea n .. " lemenl a. well as lhe <-,,'abIL,hmen l 01 ,he World He,itage Area. ran II e , ami...,. ecologkal proces<es and olhe, <'COS),,"'m ",,,'kes and indud<-.. chap'e .. on ... -ro dL,pe .... " polli_ na,ion and economic valu atkm 0/ lhe 'egion. Pan III look< al ,he ,h,eats 10 ,he environmen'al ,'alues 0/ ,he region, including biological and hu man _induced Ih",al', such "-, d imato and land_u.", clunge. Pa rt IV

e , ami...,. ,he oocial and cultural dime,,-,ions 0/ ''''ing in a Wo,ld Henlage Area, including ",fo",nce '0 ,he Indigenous Peop le and lhei, ancienl linh wi,h ,hL,

landscape . Pa" V tackles "anous approach<-.. 1o "-"'0'­ing 'ropical 1""", landscapes, including produclion , 'er,u, biodi"""i'y trade-off • . ran VI i. concerned with ho", science can inlo'm policy, oo"-",, ,valion and managemenl 0/ 'ropical fon"" landscapes Mos' au ,ho., ha ve included a summary a' lhe e nd 0/ lhei, chap'e .. and many h .. .., al"" included I"" box". high_ lighl ing .ign ificanl i<sue< or c"-,,, .'ud"",.

In writing and edi'ing ,hL, book we Iu,.., ~n influ_

enced and a,si<led b}' a largo numbe, 0/ people. 1'1'0 are gralelu l fo, ,he insp irational leader>hip and enrou,_ agemenl p rovided b}' Ralph Sla'},,, and Sydney Schu be,~ who chaired ,he Rainfores, CRC fmm 1993

10 2002 and 2002 '0 2006, respec'i,..,ly, ,he inaugural CEOO/ 'he CRC, Jim Kilh,,-a, and man}' Di,ect"" 0/ lhe CRC, including Mih !Ie,wkk, David Bu'che" Cuy a.e<le" John Co,""",na}', J<><h C ibson, Dan iol C,chwind, Brian Keating. John Mulli"-,, Norman Palme" Julia Pla}'ford, {)a"id Siddle, Vicki rallemo,e and Ru...,11 Walki,,-<On. Working in go,..,mmen '_ lu nded "-"Sea,ch programmes means ,lui }'OU, ..".,a,ch

L, 01"-"1\ subjected 10 endl .... '-""iew.' Ho",,,,,e,, we lound ,hese 10 be '''''Y u .. lu l in guid ing ou, ..".,arch, with an inCT,-""-.ro likelihood 0/ useful ou 'ro""" 10'

I,,,",,,,",,",,, 3

our <laleholde., He,e we would lih '0 ocmowlo.><:Igo lhe wi", advice provid..><:1 by..,me of Ihose ",,'lewe, .. whkh o/"'n 10.><:1 '0 ,ignificanl change. in dil'<-'<1ion and scientific a,h·a~. In p""irula" we Ihank Keith Boa,dman, Henry Nix, Andrew !lealile and C,aham Kellehe" a ll 0/ whom pa rticula"}' influenced ou, Ihinking

Ou, edilorial ,-"si<lan', An",,'''' Bryan, pe,lo,,,,,-><:I mi,acl". transfon1ing dralt chapte .. in'o read}' '0 go lex' and wo'king with ,he aulho ... Adelia Ed",ard. simila,'}, Ir.n.lomed lhe figu"," p, ovided by aulhor. inlo a uniform and polL<hed style. We al", acknowl_

edge and Ihank Shannon Hogan, D"'id Knobel and Trish O'Reill}' 0/ the Rainlores, CRC for lhei, ,upport in lhe p rodu<lion 01 ,he book Ou, ,hanks are also o,,,,nd<><:I 10 WaN Coope', Delia Sandford and Rosie Hayden Irom BI.l,k"..,1I Publish ing 10' ,hei, a,si<Iat'lCe and guidance

Finally, ".~ wiJ. '0 acknowledge ,he ",ma,kable conl,ibubon ,hal ,he ialo Ceo<I McDonald made 10 ou,

own undoNtand:ng of lropical landscapes and lhe invol"emen, 0/ indigenous and non_indigenous rom_ mun i,ies in SU<Iainable managoment. Ho w~, a 'rue d<iona ry.

References

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P""". Ot"'-'go. 715 pp. Go.""y. A. ,I. (1,.;/01. r .. , ,'01""""",,01 Roi"forr"~ Y. Ie

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~"''''' ' W. F. & B"-~,,,~ .. ,d, R 0. (.'<l,) (1997). T~ r.,..." R£m""",,, Croi"1r!f, A~""gm.mt . • ...s C""""'~I;", of r"gmmt'" Com",""iI"'. Un;","';ty of Ot"'-'g .. p" ..... Otkog ... 616 pp

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